Due to variations in particular qualities, individuals experience varying levels of success in their capacity to survive or procreate.
What are the four natural selection statements?Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is based on four tenets: (1) more individuals are generated than can survive; (2) as a result, there is a fight for existence; (3) members of a species exhibit variation; and (4) offspring frequently inherit the traits of their parents.
Which of the following is true regarding evolution?The claim that evolution through natural selection necessitates some form of environmental pressure and selection for a genetically varied population is the most correct of the statements made.
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Implement the containment test ( __contains__ ) for the Gene class to be able to check if a given codon is part of the gene sequence. E.g. the following test should return True :
Codon("ACT") in Gene("GGCACT")
In this implementation, the __contains__ method checks if the sequence attribute of the codon object is contained within the sequence attribute of the Gene object. If it is, the method returns True, indicating that the codon is part of the gene sequence. If it is not, the method returns False.
class Gene:
def __init__(self, sequence):
self.sequence = sequence
def __contains__(self, codon):
return codon.sequence in self.sequence
# Test the implementation
codon = Codon("ACT")
gene = Gene("GGCACT")
print(codon in gene) # Should print True
What is genes?The study of genes, genetic diversity, and heredity in organisms is known as genetics. It is a significant field of biology since heredity is essential to the evolution of organisms. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian monk working in Brno in the nineteenth century, was the first to do scientific research on genetics. The fundamental unit of inheritance passed down from parent to kid. Genes are made up of DNA sequences that are ordered one after the other in the nucleus of cells at specified positions on chromosomes.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane?impermeablefully permeablesemipermeablenot permeable
The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the role of cell membrane?The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell. It allows some substances, such as oxygen and water, to cross the membrane easily, while excluding others, such as large molecules and ions. The term "semipermeable" describes this selective permeability, meaning that the membrane is partially permeable and can control the flow of specific substances.
The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of the cell and regulating its interactions with the external environment. Some of the main functions of the cell membrane are:
Selective permeability: As mentioned before, the cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that it can control the flow of substances in and out of the cell.
Protection: The cell membrane protects the cell and its contents from damage and external threats, such as bacteria and viruses.
Cell signaling: The cell membrane contains proteins that are involved in cell signaling and communication with other cells.
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what are some mistakes students might make during experiments like we do in the lab
Most researchers make the very common error of not completely dissolving the drug reagents, precipitate out of the buffer. As a result, drug concentration won't be as needed, leading to experiment mistake.
What are typical issues with experiments?Despite the widespread use of experimentation, studies are plagued by serious methodological issues, including the following: (1) a lack of underlying theory; (2) an overabundance of measuring devices; (3) unsuitable research designs; (4) a variety of experimental tasks; and (5) a lack of internal validity.
What laboratory error occurs the most frequently?The most frequent lab mistakes in sample collection and reporting are: The sample was incorrectly labeled. The way the blood sample was taken: It's crucial to use a solid technique to draw blood that is of high quality.
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based on mendel's law of independent assortment, an organism with the genotype aabb should form gametes with which of the following ratios?
Based on Mendel's law of independent assortment, organism with the genotype AaBb should form gametes with : AB : 1 Ab : 1 aB : 1 ab.
What is meant by genotype?Genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material and can also be used to refer to the alleles an individual carries in a particular gene/ genetic location.
Types of genotypes are as : homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant and heterozygous. Homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotypes show same phenotypes.
A genotype is the unique sequence of DNA and is used to refer to the two alleles a person has inherited for particular gene.
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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here os the complete question.
Question: Based on Mendel's law of independent assortment, an organism with the genotype AaBb should form gametes with which of the following ratios?
9 AB : 3 Ab : 3 aB : 1 ab
1 AABB : 1: AABb : 1 AaBB : 1 aabb
1 AB : 1 Ab : 1 aB : 1 ab
1 AA : 1 aa : 1 BB : 1 bb
9 AABB : 3 AABb : 3 AaBB : 1 aabb
Which criteria of Koch's postulates would not necessarily be met when trying to link a particular bacterium to a latent infection, such as tuberculosis or Lyme disease?
A.The microbe is isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture.
B.The same strain of microbe is obtained from a newly diseased host.
C.The microbe is found in all cases of the disease but is absent from healthy individuals.
D.When the microbe is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host, the same disease occurs.
When linking a bacterium to a latent infection like Lyme disease or tuberculosis, then the microbe will be found in all the cases of the disease but they are absent from healthy individuals and when the microbe is introduced in the body of a healthy and a susceptible host, the same disease will occur.
The correct options are C and D.
Koch's postulates were formed basically as guidelines in order to establish that microbes cause certain specific diseases. Since these rules were developed for the living agents, especially bacteria, and therefore they are not applicable to the inanimate pathogens such as viruses as well as infectious proteins.
Latent infections, like tuberculosis, only happen to cause symptoms in a fraction of the infected individuals. Also, the period of time before these infected individuals show symptoms also variable. So, it is very unlikely that a scientist will only find the microbe in the diseased individuals and also it is unlikely that symptoms would occur in all hosts.
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For each type of organism, place a check mark in the box to indicate whether the cellular characteristic or function is present. CHARACTERISTIC OR FUNCTION PROTOZOA ALGAE CYANOBACTERIA
Nucleus Flagella Pseudopodia Cilia Photosynthetic pigment(s) Chloroplasts Cell wall
For each type of organism, the indicate whether a cellular characteristic or function is present.
Characteristics of Protozoa Algae Cyanobacteria
Nucleus ✓ ✓ -
Flagella ✓ - -
Pseudopodia ✓ - -
Cilia ✓ - -
Pigment - ✓ ✓
photosynthesis ✓ ✓ ✓
Chloroplasts ✓ ✓ ✓
Cell wall ✓ ✓ ✓
Protozoa are single-celled animals with eukaryotic cell types that live alone or in colonies. Organisms that are used as the main tool for movement are flagella, cilia, pseudopodia. Several types of protozoa have cell walls and can form their own food through photosynthesis.
Algae are thallus plants because they do not have true roots, stems and leaves that can make their own food by photosynthesis. Algae are a type of eukaryotic cell that has a cell wall, chloroplast, and nucleus. In the algae body itself there are dyes (pigments) namely blue, green, yellow, and brown.
Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are a group of eubacteria with prokaryotic cells and generally live in waters. Cynobacteria contain a type of chlorophyll, and various carotenoids as well as phycocyanin and phycoerythrin which give these organisms their characteristic color. These organisms have a cell wall containing a thin peptidoglycan layer and act as plant pioneers.
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Upon reception of a biochemical signal by a eukaryotic cell, which of the following would change first when the genetic expression pattern of the cell changes? Choose one: A. The proteome would change first. B. The transcriptome would change first. C. The proteome and transcriptome would change simultaneously. D. The proteome and transcriptome would not change; they are not parts of genetic expression.
B) A eukaryotic cell would first experience changes in the transcriptome and subsequently the proteome in response to a biochemical stimulus.
What distinguishes methanogens from other organisms?Three characteristics are present in all methanogens. (1) They must manufacture methane since it provides them with all or the majority of the energy they need to grow. (2) They are archaea, a subclass of Euryarchaeota. (3) As strict anaerobes, they can only develop under anaerobic conditions.
How does pyruvate become ethanol?fermentation. Pyruvate molecules are used in the fermentation process (more particularly, the alcoholic fermentation) to create ethanol. Alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase are the extra enzymes at play. Pyruvate will be converted by the two enzymes to acetaldehyde, which will subsequently be converted to ethanol.
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Which of the following forces of evolution increases (on average) genetic diversity within one population? Select all that are correct Genetic drift Natural selection (for new allele conferring fitness benefit) Migration Mutation
The evolutionary mechanisms which increase the genetic diversity in a population are mutation and migration.
Genetic diversity is always dynamic both across space as well as through time. Typically, the amount as well as the type of the genetic diversity within a species which varies across their natural range. Additionally, the genetic diversity changes over a period of time in the long term, and sometimes it occurs over shorter time frames such as a less number of generations of the species.
Migration is basically the movement of the genetic diversity which occurs usually within a species. In plants, this process occurs through the pollen dispersal, seed dispersal, as well as the movement of vegetative propagules. Genetic mutation is the change in the sequence of the DNA which occurs randomly. Mutation and migration increase genetic diversity.
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Which of the following is NOT a way humans disrupt the carbon cycle?
Question 28 options:
replacing natural environments with human structures
using excessive fertilizers
deforestation
burning fossil fuels
Answer: Exceesive fertilzers
Explanation:
I think its this because you burn fossil fuels and the fuels you are putting out bad gasses witch could affect the carbon cycle. also deforestation since tree give out carbon so when you cut them down lees carbon is in the air.
What is the correct order of proteins in DNA
The correct order of proteins in DNA is adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), where the nucleotides are arranged in a specific sequence to form the DNA and gene.
What is the significance of DNA and its nucleotides?To form the DNA molecule, nucleotides are arranged in a specific sequence, and these nucleotides are composed of adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), and it is used as a template for protein synthesis.
Hence, the correct order of proteins in DNA is adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), where the nucleotides are arranged in a specific sequence to form the DNA and gene.
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The ____ is when genes establish boundaries for environmental influences rather that specifically denoting a particular characteristic.
The Nature vs. Nurture debate is when genes establish boundaries for environmental influences rather that specifically denoting a particular characteristic.
What is gene?The genotype of an organism is its whole collection of genetic material. The term "genotype" can also refer to an individual's alleles or variants in a certain gene or genetic area. The term "genotype" refers to an organism's genetic composition in general; in other words, it characterizes an organism's whole collection of genes. The three forms of genotypes are homozygous recessive (pp), homozygous dominant (PP), and heterozygous (Pp). Homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotypes have identical characteristics.
Here,
The Nature versus. Nurture dispute occurs when genes provide limits for environmental impacts rather than indicating a specific trait.
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Which of the following is true about genes that are located on different chromosomes? These genes are inherited independently of each other. Only the dominant alleles of these genes tend to be inherited together These genes are always inherited together These genes are more likely to undergo mutation.
Genes that are located on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other. The correct answer is A.
Genes that are located on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other, which means that the inheritance of one gene does not influence the inheritance of another gene located on a different chromosome. The correct answer is A.
This occurs because during meiosis, the chromosomes that carry the genes are separated randomly into different gametes, so the combination of chromosomes and the genes they carry in each offspring is unique.
The independence of gene inheritance means that different combinations of alleles for different genes can be passed on from generation to generation, which contributes to the genetic diversity within populations.
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recreate the order of the flow of electrons through oxidative phosphorylation from the electron donor to the terminal acceptor
The electron transportation chain or chemiosmosis are two parts of oxidative phosphorylation that are interdependent.
What is a mechanism for phosphorylation?The phosphorylation route, also known as the phosphorylation system or P»-system, is the functional component that uses the behavior of a particular force for phosphorylate ADP (D) into ATP (T). Adenine nucleotides translocase, phosphate carrier, or ATP synthase make up the P-system.
What is the phosphorylation procedure?A phosphoryl (PO3) ring is added to a molecule during phosphorylation. This process is essential again for cellular storage and transmission for free energy via energy carrier molecules in biological systems.
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which of the following molecules might change over time in a cancer cell? which of the following molecules might change over time in a cancer cell? a. membrane glycolipids b. membrane glycoproteins c. glycocalyx sugars d. all of the above
All of the above, a, b, and c, might change over time in a cancer cell.
Cancer cells often undergo changes in their cell membranes, leading to alterations in the composition and expression of membrane glycolipids, glycoproteins, and glycocalyx sugars. These changes can result in the modulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, influencing cell signaling pathways and enabling the cancer cells to evade the host immune system, among other functions.
For example, changes in membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins can alter cell-surface antigen expression and immune recognition, allowing cancer cells to evade the host immune system. Altered glycocalyx sugars can also contribute to changes in cell adhesion, migration, and invasion.
In summary, changes in membrane glycolipids, glycoproteins, and glycocalyx sugars are common in cancer cells and can play a role in the development and progression of the disease.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. most specifically, an infant's lack of self-control can be explained by the immaturity of the ___ cortex.
Most precisely, the prefrontal cortex's immaturity can be used to account for an infant's lack of self-control.
A prefrontal cortex is what?The cerebral cortex encompassing the frontal lobe's portion is called the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This area of the brain has been linked to the organization of complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision-making, and social behavior regulation.
This brain area is supposed to function mostly in the orchestration of thoughts and behaviors in order to achieve internal objectives. Executive function is the psychological phrase that best describes the activities that the prefrontal cortex area performs.
Executive function includes the capacity to distinguish between opposing ideas, identify good and bad, better and best, same and different and future effects of current actions. It also includes the capacity to work toward a specific objective, predict outcomes, and set expectations based on actions, as well as the capacity to exercise social "control."
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"Frankenstein" was written during a competition because…
Answer:
Mary Shelley and her friends had a ghost story writing contest while they were staying together on a rainy summer's night in Switzerland. Shelley's novel "Frankenstein" was the result of this competition.
the common configurations for air-to-air heat pump systems based on the source of heat and what medium the appliance ultimately treats __________
The common configurations for air-to-air heat pump systems are based on the source of heat and the appliance ultimately treats geothermal heat.
Renewable energy derived from the Earth's core is known as geothermal energy. It comes from the heat created when the planet first formed and from the radioactive decay of atoms. This thermal energy is found in the rocks and liquids of the earth's core.
There are two types of geothermal heat pumps: closed-loop systems and open-loop systems. In open loop or water source systems, the heat transmission medium is earthly water. Closed loop or earth-coupled systems that are submerged in the ground or a lake employ heat transfer fluid.
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Given a wave whose wavelength is 10 meters, and its period is 0.5 s, what's the speed?
Answer:
2Hz
Explanation:
What is the frequency of a wave if its period is 0.5 s?
2 Hz
As the frequency of a wave increases, the time period of the wave decreases and as the frequency of a wave decreases, the time period of the wave increases. So, the answer is, f = 1/0.5 = 2 Hz.
what amino acid sequnece will be generated based on the following mrna codon sequence? 5'aug ucu ucg uua ucc uug 3
The following mRNA codon sequence will produce the amino acid sequence met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu.
What is the amino acid mRNA codon?Since codons are three-letter structures, the four nucleotides that make up mRNA — A, U, G, and C — can be put together in a total of 64 different ways. Three stop signal codons connect the 61 amino acid codons that make up these 64 codons to indicate the completion of protein synthesis.
How is an mRNA codon translated?The order of amino acids in a protein, from the N-terminus (methionine) to the C-terminus, is determined by mRNA codons, which are read from 5' to 3'. Each group of three mRNA nucleotides read during translation determines an amino acid.
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how many markers are necessary to map new genes to an exact location on the chromosomes described below using linkage
The number of markers necessary to map new genes to an exact location on a chromosome using linkage depends on the size of the chromosome.
Linkage mapping is based on the principle that genes that are close together on a chromosome are more likely to be inherited together than genes that are far apart. By tracking the inheritance patterns of multiple markers, it is possible to determine the relative positions of genes on a chromosome. The more markers that are used, the more precise the mapping will be. In general, two markers are sufficient to determine the relative positions of genes, but more markers are needed to define their exact location. The number of markers required can be estimated based on the size of the chromosome, the frequency of recombination between the markers and the gene of interest, and the desired level of resolution. A rough estimate is that at least 5-10 markers are needed to map a gene to an exact location on a chromosome. However, the actual number may be higher or lower, depending on the specific circumstances.To know more about chromosomes visit:
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TRUE/FALSE. elongation of the polypeptide chain is terminated when a stop codon is incorporated into the newly synthesized protein.
The given statement is True.
Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) and synthesize a corresponding protein. The ribosome reads the mRNA codons three nucleotides at a time and matches each codon to a specific amino acid. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, which does not code for an amino acid, it signals the termination of protein synthesis. This stop codon acts as a signal for the release of the newly synthesized protein from the ribosome. In conclusion, elongation of the polypeptide chain is terminated when a stop codon is incorporated into the newly synthesized protein. The stop codon acts as a signal for the release of the newly synthesized protein from the ribosome, and is a critical step in ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of protein synthesis.To know more about RNA visit:
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Could the person labeled D have a recessive allele? Explain.
Because both parents have a dominant allele for the characteristic, the individual designated D will have a recessive allele.
A variant version of a gene is what this is. There are two possibilities in this scenario: dominant and recessive alleles. For all kids to have the dominant characteristic, both parents must carry the dominant allele.
Is it possible that the person designated D has a recessive allele?
Indeed, he could because each of his parents has a different allele. His father carries the dominant gene, whereas his mother carries the recessive allele. Because both parents have a dominant allele for the characteristic, the individual designated D will have a recessive allele. A variant version of a gene is what this is. In this situation,
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Summarize the flow of the blood and include the valves, chambers, and major arteries and veins involved. Start with the three structures that empty the blood into the right atrium. Finish the flow with the aorta.
Explanation:
The flow of the blood starts with the three structures that empty the blood into the right atrium - the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus. The right atrium then pumps the blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. From the right ventricle, the blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery and then to the lungs to be oxygenated. The oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. The left atrium then pumps the blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From the left ventricle, the blood is pumped through the aortic valve into the aorta. The aorta then branches off into various arteries and veins, which deliver the oxygenated blood throughout the body.
Deoxygenated blood flows from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus into the right atrium. From the right atrium it enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
From the right ventricle, the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk from where it is transported to the right and left pulmonary arteries and into the lungs for oxygenation.
From the pulmonary veins, oxygenated blood is carried to the left atrium, and passes to the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve. It is then pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta, from which it flows to the systemic arteries.
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An action scene demonstrating part of a crime is called
a map
a video recording
a reenactment
a reconstruction
The correct answer to the student question is that an action scene demonstrating part of a crime is called a reenactment.
When answering questions on the Brainly platform, it is important to always be factually accurate, professional, and friendly. It is also important to be concise and avoid providing extraneous amounts of detail. Additionally, it is best to ignore any typos or irrelevant parts of the question.
The action scene demonstrating part of a crime is called a reenactment. A reenactment is a dramatic or visual portrayal of an event or series of events. In the context of criminal investigations,
a reenactment may involve recreating a crime scene or a specific aspect of a crime, such as an action scene, to help investigators understand how the crime was committed and identify potential suspects.
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Please match the statements to the term they describe to test your understanding of the structure of an antibody molecule.
1. The two arms that bind to antigen
2. Part of antibody involved in binding to various cells and molecules of the immune response
3. Region between Fab and Fc that allows swiveling of the Fab
4. Holds polypeptide chains together
1) Fab (Fragment antigen-binding), 2) Fc (Fragment crystallizable), 3) Hin_ge region, 4) Constant region.
What do you mean by Fragment crystallizable?The Fragment crystallizable (Fc) region is a part of an antibody molecule that is responsible for its interaction with other cells and molecules of the immune system. It is the portion of the antibody that is not involved in the specific recognition and binding to antigens, but instead plays a role in modulating the immune response.
The Fc region is located at the end of the antibody molecule and is composed of a constant region, which is the same in all antibodies of a particular class (such as IgG, IgA, IgM, etc.) This region is composed of a series of repeating amino acid sequences and is responsible for the stability and solubility of the antibody.
The Fc region also contains sites that allow it to bind to other components of the immune system, such as Fc receptors on the surface of immune cells, complement proteins, and other antibodies. This binding allows the antibody to mediate various functions, such as the clearance of antigens, the enhancement of phagocytosis, and the activation of the complement cascade.
In summary, the Fc region is an important part of the antibody molecule, as it is responsible for its interaction with other components of the immune system and modulates the overall immune response to antigens.
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Autotrophic bacteria, such as Cyanobacteria, are important to the evolution and advancements of other life on Earth because they...
were thought to have become mitochondria in the cells of animals.
were the first group of organisms to leave a fossil record.
were the first lifeform on earth. |
produced oxygen from photosynthesis.
Answer:
D. Produced oxygen from photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Autotrophic bacteria, such as Cyanobacteria, are important to the evolution and advancements of other life on Earth because they produced oxygen from photosynthesis. Autotrophic bacteria are organisms that can produce their own food from simple inorganic materials using energy from light or chemicals. Cyanobacteria are among the oldest known autotrophic bacteria, and they are credited with producing the first significant amounts of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. This process of photosynthesis created an oxygen-rich environment that allowed for the evolution of new forms of life, including the first multicellular organisms. Over time, the presence of oxygen also led to the evolution of complex life forms, such as plants and animals. In this sense, the evolution of autotrophic bacteria played a crucial role in shaping the environment and supporting the evolution of life on Earth.
The frequency of q (the recessive allele) of a trait is 0.3, what is the frequency of p (the dominant allele)? Equation: p+q=1
Question 18 options:
0.6
0.7
0.3
1
Answer:
Equation: p+q=1 Answer is 0.7
The peptide ala_ arg _ his _ gly _ glu is treated with peptidases to release all of the Amino acid , the solution is adjusted to ph 7 , and electrophoresis depicted below , the Amino acid indicated by the arrow is most likely to be see the picture that I put it
And of options is the Right answer??
(a) glycine The peptide ala-arg-his-gly-glu is treated with peptidases to release all the amino acids, The solution is adjusted to pH 7, and electrophoresis is performed_ In the electrophoretogram depicted below, the amino acid indicated by the arrow is most likely to be glycine.
what is glycine ?A single hydrogen atom makes up the side chain of the amino acid glycine. With the chemical formula NH2CH2COOH, it is the most straightforward stable amino acid. One of the amino acids that is proteinogenic is glycine. All of the codons beginning with GG encode it.
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Which of the following processes randomly effect (i.e. you cannot calculate the precise end result) the change in allelic frequencies over time?
a.nonrandom mating and migration
b.mutation and natural selection
c.genetic drift and mutation
d.gene flow
Genetic drift and mutation randomly affect (i.e. you cannot calculate the precise end result) the change in allelic frequencies over time. Option c is the right choice.
The shift in the prevalence of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population brought on by random chance is referred to as genetic drift, also known as allelic drift or the Wright effect.
Gene variations may totally vanish due to genetic drift, which would limit genetic diversity.
Additionally, it has the potential to make previously uncommon alleles far more common and even fixed.
The impact of genetic drift is more pronounced and less pronounced depending on how many copies of an allele are present. The relative relevance of neutral processes, such as genetic drift, vs natural selection was the subject of heated discussions in the middle of the 20th century. Ronald Fisher, who used Mendelian genetics to explain natural selection, maintained the predominate view for many years that genetic drift only has a modest influence on evolution.
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I have a question about temperature please!
62 [tex]^oF[/tex] would be 16.67 [tex]^oC[/tex].
Conversion from [tex]^oF[/tex] to [tex]^oC[/tex]The general formula for converting from [tex]^oF[/tex] to [tex]^oC[/tex] is as follows:
[tex]^oC[/tex] = (°F − 32) × 5/9
In this case, the °F to be converted is 62. Let's substitute this value into the formula:
62 [tex]^oF[/tex] = (62 -32) x 5/9
= 16.67 [tex]^oC[/tex]
In other words, 62 [tex]^oF[/tex] is equivalent to 16.67 [tex]^oC[/tex].
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