During nuclear imports, a cargo protein connects with nuclear pore protein (FG-Nups) during nuclear shipment, the cargo proteins interacts with importin receptors via its NLS in nuclear shipment, and so forth.
What does protein nuclear exports and imports mean?Assembled ribosomal subunits, transfer RNA, and proteins are exported from of the nucleus as a result of connection with exportins, that bind nuclear export signals, a signalling sequence (NES). The Ran small G-protein controls how well importins and exportins move their payload.
Which nuclear import considerations are there?For the nuclear transport, the following four factors are crucial: karyopherins (importin/exportin/transportin), which may detect cargo molecules, nucleoporins (NUPs), which are constituent proteins of NPCs, ranGTPase, which enables active transport and directionality, nuclear localization signals (NLSs), or
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2.
Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function
Concept Map
Using information from the chapter, complete the concept map below. If there is
not enough room in the concept map to write your answers, write them on a
separate sheet of paper.
Ident
function
in
Photosynthesis
Cells
include
3.
functions
in
Support and
protection
eurargedic
Cells
include
fungi
Cells
6.
Organelles
So with
Nucleus
stores
Graphic Organizer
a nucleus
multicellular.
Animal
cells
function
in
Releasing
usable energy
for the cell
include
5.
function
in
Producing
proteins
Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Teaching Resources/Chapter 7
The correct options to fill in the gaps are as follows:
2. chloroplasts function in photosynthesis.
3. cytoskeletons function in support and protection.
4. mitochondria function in releasing usable energy for the cell.
5. ribosomes function in producing proteins
6. nucleus - stores genetic information
What are cell organelles and their functions?A cell organelle is a subcellular structure that, like an organ in the body, has one or more specific tasks to carry out within the cell.
Some cell organelles and their functions include:
The nucleus - which houses genetic material,
the mitochondria - which generate chemical energy, and
the ribosomes - which put together proteins, are some of the more significant cell organelles.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. The exact match in amino acid sequences of proteins found in closely related species is an example of how comparisons of ______ can indicate evolutionary relationships.
An illustration of how protein comparisons can reveal evolutionary ties is the identical similarity in amino acid sequences of proteins present in closely related species.
What is protein ?Proteins are large, complex molecules that are necessary for many body functions. They are crucial for the regulation, organisation, and functionality of the body's tissues and organs and do the bulk of the work in cells.
All living things have proteins, which are organic molecules. They carry out a variety of jobs, including organising, organising, and defence. Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids and can have up to four layers of structure. Among specific proteins, collagen, insulin, and anticorps are a few examples.
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32-year-old woman presents due to several days of vaginal itching & d/c. She also has pain with sexual intercourse. She denies fever, chills, abdominal pain, urinary frequency or dysuria. In the past years she has had 2 new male sexual partners. She takes OCP & uses condoms on most occasions. Patient denies any chronic medical conditions & denies prior surgeries. Denies any other medications. Her LMP was 3 weeks ago. Temp is 36.7C (98F) & BP: 100/60. Pelvic exam shows vulvar & vaginal erythema & a small amount of vaginal d/c with a pH of 4. Which of the following is the most causative organisms?A. Candida albicansB. Chlamydia trachomatisC. Gardnerella vaginalisD. Neisseria gonorrheaeE. Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of vaginal erythema or vulvovaginitis.
The correct option is option E.
Trichomonas vaginalis is basically an anaerobic as well as a flagellated protozoan parasite which is the causative agent of a particular sexually transmitted disease which is known as trichomoniasis. It is basically the one of the most common pathogenic protozoan which happens to infect humans. The infection rates are similar in men as well as women but women are the ones who are mostly symptomatic whereas the infections in men are mostly asymptomatic.
Transmission basically occurs through a direct, skin-to-skin contact with a particular infected individual, which is most often through the vaginal intercourse. Risk factors consist of multiple sexual partners and also not using condoms during sexual intercourse. It causes a genital itching foul-smelling vaginal discharge, and painful urination in women.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. The basis of the buffering capacity of the respiratory system is based on the addition and/or removal of ________ to the body fluids which raises or lowers pH.
The basis for the respiratory system's ability to act as a buffer seems to be the intake and/or removal of CO2, which increases or lowers the PH of body fluids.
Which 4 body fluids are there?According to humoralism, a person's disposition was determined by their body's four fluids—blood, yellow bile, black bile, as well as phlegm—and that an imbalance caused certain illnesses depending on which characters in this story were in excess or deficiency. Blood, diarrhea, and other body substances such as vomit all contain pathogenic bacteria.
The three main body fluids are what?The three main bodily fluids in human body are bloodstream, tissue fluids, and lymph. They deliver nutrition and oxygen to numerous bodily areas and remove metabolic wastes that must be evacuated from the body.
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To measure primary productivity in a grassland ecosystem, you should _____.
A). exclude consumers; periodically mow, collect, and weigh the plants; and calculate plant biomass production per unit time
B). measure the solar energy influx to the site
C). measure the growth of all of the consumers in the system
D). measure the total biomass of organisms per unit area
A). keep customers out; mow, collect, & weigh the plants on a regular basis; and compute plant biomass production every unit time.
By monitoring peak above-ground biomass, above-ground net primary production (NPP) may be calculated in many temperate & annual grasslands.
Productivity in ecology refers to the rate at which energy, in the form of biomass, is added to a bodies of organisms. Simply said, biomass is the quantity of material that an organism or collection of organisms store in their body. In general, the biomass of cultivated land is equivalent to that of temperate grassland. The largest total primary productivity is seen in coral reefs and algal beds, as shown in the graph. The net primary production of an estuarine ecosystem is approximately twelve times greater than that of the open ocean.
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right before fertilization occurs, cells are still at this stage. select the best answer from the following choices select answer select the best answer from the following choices
Right before fertilization occurs, cells are still at this stage : 1.) haploid cell in this stage is called secondary oocyte.
What are the stages of fertilization?
Stages of fertilization are made up of four mechanisms: Prior to sperm-egg fusion, sperm preparation, sperm-egg binding, fusion of the pronuclei of the sperm and egg and zygote activation all takes place.
During fertilization, sperm and egg join to form zygote in one of the fallopian tubes. Zygote then develops into morula after passing through fallopian tube. Morula grows into blastocyst once it enters uterus. Blastocyst then goes through implantation, during which it penetrates the uterine lining.
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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question: Right before fertilization occurs, cells are still at this stage.
select the best answer from the following choices:
1. haploid a cell in this stage is called a secondary oocyte.
2. haploid these cells are the mitotic products of germ cells.
3. diploid cells contain 2n
The number 12.68 x 102, when expressed in correct scientific notation, becomes ________.
A) 1268 x 104
B) 0.1268 x 100
C) 1.268 x 103
D) 1.268 x 10-3
Technically 12.38 × 10^2 is in scientific notation ; any number expressed in the form a × 10^b is in scientific notation.
However, it is not in normalized scientific notation . In normalized scientific notation, there is exactly 1 non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point in the a term (with an exception being made for zero which in scientific notation is written as 0.0 × 10^1).
In normalized scientific notation, your original value would be written as
1.238 × 10^3
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unfiltered sunlight is high in red light wavelengths and low in far-red light wavelengths. during the day a plant receiving unfiltered sunlight will have more pfr at the end of the day. at night the pfr slowly reverts back to pr. in the middle latitudes during the winter, when nights are long, very little of the pfr will revert to pr overnight. in the summer, when nights are short a portion of the pfr will still be present at dawn. by sensing the ratio of pr/pfr at dawn, plants can determine the length of the day/night cycle. in the middle latitudes, long day plants will flower in late summer or early fall and short day plants will flower in late spring or early summer .
A plant that receives unfiltered sunlight during the day will have greater pfr at night. The pfr gradually changes back to pr at night. Red light is substantially more prevalent than far-red light in direct, full sunlight. Because chlorophyll substantially absorbs light in the visible red spectrum
What distinguishes PFR and PR from one another?Phytochromes are red-light sensory organs that regulate a number of physiological actions in plants, fungal, and photosynthetic bacteria by undergoing continuous photoconversion among a red county (Pr) and a far-red-lit state (Pfr).
What part do PR and PFR play in flowering?Plants turn toward the sun because red sunlight changes their chromoprotein into Pfr (the active version), which promotes growth. It encourages the plant's growth. After the production of the dormant form (Pr), plants begin to grow slowly in the shadow. A seed germinates when it is exposed to light through the phytochrome system.
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Polychate external! Where are this located?|
- jaws
- pharynx
- palps
- cirri
- setae
- parapodia
The given organs in the Polychaete external are located from top to down as follows:
Jaws, Pharynx, Palp, Cirri, parapodia, and setae respectively. What is Polychaete external?Polychaete external may be characterized as a marine annelid worm that is commonly called bristle worm or polychaetes. Its body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are made of chitin.
The mouth of polychaetes is located on the peristomium, the segment behind the prostomium, and varies in form depending on their diets. They are multi-segmented worms living in all environments in the world's oceans.
They are present from abyssal depths to shallow estuaries and rocky shores, and even free-swimming in open water. They are strictly aquatic annelids but are the most abundant and diverse group of Phylum Annelida.
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An anion is found in greater concentration inside the cell than outside. Which of the following statements BEST describes forces acting on the anion at the resting membrane potential (-70 mV)?
A) The chemical force is directed into the cell and the electrical force is directed out of the cell.
B) Both the chemical and electrical forces are directed out of the cell.
C) The chemical force is directed out of the cell and the electrical force is directed into the cell.
D) Both the chemical and electrical forces are directed into the cell.
E) There is insufficient information to answer this question.
The option that tells us of the force that is acting on the membrane potential is: Both the chemical and electrical forces are directed into the cell.
What is an anion?An anion is a negatively charged ion, which is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. This results in an excess of negatively charged particles, giving the ion a net negative charge.
Anions are important in many chemical reactions and are commonly found in salts, acids, and other compounds. Examples of anions include chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), and nitrate (NO3-).
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he piece of DNA written below was found by an undergraduate researcher while examining a novel bacteria strain. Show the undergraduate researcher what the doublestranded DNA would look like for this single strand of DNA. Make sure you show all important chemical components that describe DNA orientation.
5 ′
−
GGCGAATCATGCGCTGCCTTGTTTCCACTAGTAGACGCGGGACTTGGTTTCACACATGACGCGT
Deoxyribose and phosphate groups alternately form the backbone of each strand. One of the four bases—adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine—is joined to each sugar (T).
How many hydrogen bonds, in comparison to C and G, can A and T form?Adenine and Thymine are joined by two hydrogen bonds, but Guanine and Cytosine are joined by three hydrogen bonds.
What kind of bonds make up the double helix?A hydrogen bond between the G-C and A-T base pairs holds the two complementary strands of nucleotides that make up each DNA molecule's double helix together. One DNA strand serves as a template for the creation of a complementary strand, which results in the duplication of the genetic code.
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When birth rates equal death rates, a population eventually reaches a point of _____. This does not happen immediately because of:
Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Answer choices
linear growth; population momentum.
zero population growth; population momentum.
straight-line growth; population inertia.
absolute refractory growth; population inertia.
When birth rates equal death rates, a population eventually reaches a point of zero population growth, population momentum.
What does population momentum refer to?Population momentum refers to the continued growth of a population even after the birth rate has fallen to equal the death rate due to the large number of people of childbearing age already in the population. This results in a temporary overshoot of the population before it stabilizes at zero population growth.
Which is the most populated country in the world?The most populous country in the world is China. It has a population of approximately 1.4 billion people. India, the United States, Indonesia, and Pakistan then followed it.
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the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell plays a major role in organizing the structures and activities of the cell. the cytoskeleton consists of three main types of fibers: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. the three types of fiber differ in size, composition, and the functions they perform in the cell.1. In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are _____2. Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins _____3. Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into _____4. The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of _____5. The only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the _____6. During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of _____
Microtubules, intermediate filaments, 3. Microtubules, 4. Intermediate filaments, 5. Microfilaments 6. Microfilaments
What exactly is a cell?The smallest building block of all living things, including human tissues. The membrane protein, the nucleus, and indeed the cytoplasm are the three major components of a cell. The cell membrane encloses the cell and regulates the chemicals that enter and exit the cell.
What are cells, and what do they do?All living things are constructed mostly from cells. There are thousands of billion of cells throughout the human body. They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, transform those calories into energy, and perform certain tasks.
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colonomics - predictive models for normal colon gene expression and dna methylation for twas and mwas.T/F
The statement about colonomics - predictive models for normal colon gene expression and DNA methylation for TWAS and MWAS is true.
Thus, the correct answer is true.
What is colonomics?Colonomics is а multi-omics dаtаset thаt includes 250 sаmples: 50 sаmples from heаlthy colon mucosа donors аnd 100 pаired sаmples from colon cаncer pаtients (tumor/аdjаcent). From these sаmples, Colonomics project includes dаtа from genotyping, DNА methylаtion, gene expression, whole exome sequencing аnd micro-RNАs (miRNАs) expression.
The genetic prediction models represent reference imputаtion pаnels for normаl colon tissue methylаtion аnd gene аnd miRNА expression, which аre of high interest for performing TWАS studies for colon-relаted diseаses.
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transport of cholesterol: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices is well characterized. involves movement of binding proteins in vesicles. is not inhibited by drugs that inhibit protein transport. involves protein-mediated transfer from vesicles to target membranes. none of the answers is correct.
Complex particles called lipoproteins that have particular proteins on their surfaces carry cholesterol. The apolipoproteins that make up these proteins.
Which proteins are some examples?Protein-rich foods include meat, fish, poultry, eggs, lentils, and soy products like tofu and tempeh. To ensure that you satiate your appetite at every meal, choose items from this list of delectable high-protein options.
Protein content of peanut butter?In addition to being a strong source of protein, peanut butter is also high in heart-healthy fats, which is beneficial for vegetarians trying to increase their intake of the amino acid. Peanut butter has up to 8 grams of protein and 2 to 3 grams of fiber for two tablespoons of the spread.
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Match each pair of orbiting bodies with the attribute they share.
gas giant and ice giants
asteroids and terrestrial planets
comets and ice giants
meteoroids and asteriods
Match these ^ to below
_________________________________________________________
bodies composed primarily of frozen gases
planets composed of lighter elements and compounds
bodies composed primarily of metal and rock
rocky and metallic bodies smaller than planets
gas giant and ice giants - bodies composed primarily of frozen gases
asteroids and terrestrial planets - rocky and metallic bodies smaller than planets
Comets and ice giants are bodies made mostly of frozen gases.
meteoroids and asteroids - rocky and metallic bodies smaller than planets
What are meteoroids and asteroids?Meteoroids and asteroids are both types of small celestial objects that orbit the Sun.
Meteoroids are rocky or metallic objects that are smaller than asteroids, ranging in size from tiny grains to about 10 meters in diameter. They are the debris left behind by comets or collisions between asteroids, and they are found throughout the solar system.
Asteroids, on the other hand, are larger, rocky or metallic objects that can range in size from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers in diameter. They are also known as minor planets and are mainly found in the asteroid belt, which is located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
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Answer:
bodies composed primarily of frozen gases - comets and ice giants
planets composed of lighter elements and compounds - gas giants and ice giants
bodies composed primarily of metal and rock - asteroids and terrestrial planets
rocky and metallic bodies smaller than planets - meteoroids and asteroids
Explanation:
trust :)
fill in the blank. a thermostat is to a house as the___is to the brain. please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices thalamus hippocampus reticular formation hypothalamus
Answer: Hypothalamus
Hope this helps :)
Explanation:
The Hypothalamus controls things like the body's temperature(Much like a thermostat), hunger, fatigue, etc.
FILL IN THE BLANK. The sympathetic nervous system arouses us for action and the parasympathetic nervous system calms us down. Together, the two ___ systems make up the ___ nervous system.
We are awakened for action by the sympathetic nervous system, and we are calmed by the parasympathetic nervous system. This same autonomic nervous system is comprised of the two systems combined.
The nervous system is what?The nervous system is made up of the brain, intervertebral discs, and a complex network of nerves. This route is the link between the neurons and the muscles. The brain controls every physical process. The vertebral column descends down the spine beginning with the brain.
What is within the nervous system's control?The neurological system carries signals sent by the brain towards other bodily components, including the major organs. Thus, the activity of the neural system controls a number of processes, such as the ability to move, breathe, see, as well as communicate.
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Aquaporins are special water channels that allow the bulk transport of water across the hydrophobic plasma membrane. Which of the following is NOT true about them: A.mutations on genes associated with them can lead to certain medical conditions (e.g. diabetes, vision problems, etc.). B.plants use them to not only transport water, but help with metal detoxification. C.All are true. D.they are vital for kidney function in mammals. E.they require the use of ATP to function.
Option E is Correct. Special water channels called aquaporins enable the bulk movement of water across the hydrophobic plasma membrane.
They do not require the consumption of ATP in order to function, which is a false statement about them. The majority of known AQP2 gene mutations result in an erroneous 3-dimensional protein folding of the aquaporin 2 protein. The misfolded protein is entrapped inside the cell, preventing it from moving water molecules to the cell membrane.
Aquaporins efficiently speed up the total rate of water diffusion across the cell membrane due to the slow diffusion of water through the lipid bilayer. Aquaporins (AQP) are essential membrane proteins that act as conduits for the passage of water and, occasionally, tiny solutes.
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The process of translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes requires tRNAS, amino acids, and ribosomal subunits. Which of the following components must also be present for translation to proceed?
A)polymerases and GTP
B) protein factors and GTP
C)protein factors and ATP
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes need tRNAs, amino acids, or ribosomal subunits for the process of translation.
Which amino acid and tRNA are attached to a polypeptide chain at which site?The expanding polypeptide chain containing amino acids is held in place by the tRNA by the P site, also known as the peptidyl site. The specific amino acid that will be added to a polypeptide chain is stored in the aminoacyl rna, which the A sites (acceptor site) binds to.
What function does tRNA play in translation?Particularly in the translation process of protein synthesis, tRNA is involved. As the name implies, it transports amino acids into the ribosome so that they can be assembled in the proper sequence to produce the necessary protein.
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BIOLOGY 30 POINTS
In the diagram below [a repressor protein / RNA polymerase] is binding to the {promoter / operator] region. This means that lactase gene transcription [will / will not] occur.
In the diagram below [a repressor protein / RNA polymerase] is binding to the {promoter / operator] region. This means that lactase gene transcription [will / will not] occur.
explain how the epithelium in each of the following regions of the respiratory tract is adapted so its structure follows its function
Epithelial cells that have ciliated surface features line the upper portion of the respiratory tract. Toxins, particulate materials, and microbes that enter the airway are assisted by cilia in their capturing, sweeping, and expulsion.
What kind of epithelium lining the respiratory tract is there?Six different cell types make up the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that makes up the respiratory epithelium. 90% of the cells population is made up of three of these: basal cells, ciliated cells, and goblet cells.
What is the airway epithelium's structure?In the large airways, the airways epithelium is pseudostratified, while in the tiny airways, it becomes columnar and cuboidal. Ciliated, columnar, undifferentiated, secretory, and basal cells are the main cell types.
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if you were to look at rose of a jason lights blinking on and off sequentially your brain perceives motion______
if you were to look at the rose of a jason lights blinking on and off sequentially your brain perceives motion as the lights turn on and off in a sequence.
Even though each individual light is stationary, the pattern of sequential flashing creates the illusion of movement. This phenomenon is known as apparent motion, and it is a type of visual illusion that can create the perception of motion where there is none.
Apparent motion is a visual phenomenon that occurs when two or more stationary images are presented in rapid succession. The brain perceives a continuous motion between the images, even though there is no actual physical movement. This type of motion perception is also known as "phi phenomenon", and it is a fundamental aspect of the way we perceive visual information.
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which list includes major events in the history of life on earth in the proper order, from earliest to most recent? A. first prokaryotes, photosynthesis, colonization of land by plants and fungi, first eukaryotes B. first eukaryotes, photosynthesis, colonization of land by plants and fungi, first prokaryotes D. first prokaryotes, first eukaryotes, photosynthesis, colonization of land by plants and fungi
E. first prokaryotes, photosynthesis, first eukaryotes, colonization of land by plants and fungi
The proper order of major events in the history of life on Earth, from earliest to most recent, is:
A. first prokaryotes, photosynthesis, colonization of land by plants and fungi, first eukaryotes.
The fossil evidence and molecular data are only two examples of the many lines of evidence that support this sequence, which is widely recognized in the scientific world. Around 3.5 billion years ago, the first prokaryotes are thought to have appeared, followed by the development of photosynthesis, which dramatically changed the chemistry of the atmosphere and seas. Approximately around 500 million years ago, plants and fungi began to colonize the earth, which opened the door for the diversity of life on land. Last but not least, the earliest eukaryotes, or complex cells with a nucleus as well as other membrane-bound organelles, first formed roughly 2 billion years ago, perhaps as a consequence of a symbiotic connection between many prokaryotes.
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To identify the genotype of yellow-seeded pea plants as either homozygous dominant (YY) or heterozygous (Yy), you could do a test cross with plants of genotype _______.
You could perform a test cross with plants of genotype yy to see whether yellow-seeded pea plants are homozygous dominant (YY) or heterozygous (Yy).
YY is the genotype (homozygous recessive). The genotype of the heterozygous yellow-seeded plant will therefore be "Yy," whereas the genotype of the green-seeded plant will be "yy" (as the recessive allele is expressed only in homozygous conditions).
The genotypes (allele combinations) and phenotypes (observable traits) of progeny from genetic crossings can be predicted using a Punnett square. An organism with a dominant trait can be tested to see if it is homozygous or heterozygous using a test cross. The genotype of the parent will be homozygous dominant (TT) if the outcome is all tall plants.
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Short-Answer Questions Provide three reasons why the use of aseptic technique is essential when handling microbial cultures in the laboratory.
These are the three reasons why the use of aseptic technique is essential when handling microbial cultures in the laboratory.
Contamination prevention: Aseptic technique is crucial in the laboratory to prevent the introduction of unwanted microorganisms or substances that may interfere with the growth and study of the desired microbial culture.
Consistency of results: Maintaining aseptic conditions helps ensure that the culture remains pure and uncontaminated, which is essential for obtaining reliable and reproducible results in experiments or analyses.
Safety: Aseptic technique also helps protect laboratory workers from potential exposure to harmful microorganisms that may be present in the culture. Proper handling and disposal of microbial cultures minimize the risk of accidents or infections.
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All viruses are composed of a ____ made of ____ which surrounds the inner core containing ____ or RNA. Some viruses may also posses an external membranous covering that comes from the ___ ___. These viruses are know as ____, whereas viruses without this outer covering are called ____ viruses.
All viruses are composed of a capsid, made of proteins, which surrounds the inner core containing DNA, Some viruses may also posses an external membranous host cell, These viruses are enveloped viruses, this outer covering are called .non-enveloped viruses.
Capsid: This is a protein shell that surrounds and protects the genetic material of the virus. It is made up of many protein subunits called capsomeres.
Proteins: The capsid itself is made up of proteins, but there are also many other viral proteins that are involved in various stages of the viral life cycle, including entry into host cells, replication, and assembly of new viruses.
DNA or RNA: The genetic material of the virus can be either DNA or RNA, but not both. This genetic material contains all the information the virus needs to replicate and produce new viruses.
Host cell: Some viruses, such as the influenza virus, have an outer envelope that is derived from the host cell that they infect.
Enveloped viruses: These are viruses that possess an outer envelope derived from the host cell. Examples include the influenza virus, HIV, and herpes simplex virus.
Non-enveloped viruses: These are viruses that do not possess an outer envelope. Examples include the poliovirus, adenovirus, and norovirus.
Viruses are small infectious agents that consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an additional external layer called an envelope, which is made up of lipids and proteins and is derived from the host cell's membrane. Enveloped viruses are typically more susceptible to environmental factors such as heat, detergents, and disinfectants.
Non-enveloped viruses lack this outer layer and are generally more resistant to these factors. Understanding the structure of viruses is important for developing strategies to prevent or treat viral infections, as well as for developing vaccines that can trigger an immune response against specific viral proteins.
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I can do photosynthesis,
chloroplasts. In fact, I don't have any membrane-bound organelles. My favorite
places to be are the places you wouldn't expect to find anything living.
The organism that don't have any membrane-bound organelles, but can do photosynthesis is prokaryote, specifically a type of photosynthetic bacterium, such as cyanobacteria.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. It takes place in the chloroplasts of cells and produces oxygen as a byproduct.
Prokaryotes, such as bacteria, lack membrane-bound organelles, including chloroplasts, and can carry out photosynthesis using specialized pigment-protein complexes located in their cytoplasm.
Cyanobacteria are unique in that they are capable of carrying out oxygenic photosynthesis, producing oxygen as a byproduct, which is why they are considered to be one of the primary contributors to the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere. They can be found in a variety of environments, including in soil, water, and even in extreme conditions such as hot springs or deserts.
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why does the level of co2 affect the global temputure
for an individual with this genotype: mmnnoopp, what proportion of their haploid gametes would have the following genotype: mnop?
An individual with the genotype mmnnoopp has two copies of each of four different alleles. During meiosis, this individual produces four haploid gametes, each carrying one allele from each of the four gene loci.
The probability of any particular gamete carrying the m, n, o, or p allele is 0.5, since the individual has two copies of each allele. The genotype mnop requires the presence of one copy of each of these four alleles.
Therefore, the probability of a gamete carrying the genotype mnop is 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.0625, or 6.25%. Thus, approximately 6.25% of the haploid gametes produced by an individual with the genotype mmnnoopp would have the genotype mnop.
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