which of the following statements about the conditions of reciprocal altruism are true and which are false?

Answers

Answer 1

True: Reciprocal altruism is an evolutionary strategy in which animals help one another out of mutual self-interest.

False: Reciprocal altruism relies on the assumption that all interactions between species are beneficial.

What is Reciprocal altruism?

Generally, Reciprocal altruism is a type of altruism in which an individual will provide a benefit to another individual in the expectation that they will receive a benefit in return. This type of altruism is most common in animals, and is based on the idea of an individual helping another individual in the expectation that they will receive help in the future.

This type of altruism can be seen in the animal kingdom, where animals cooperate in order to receive a benefit. For example, two animals may cooperate in hunting for food, or two birds may cooperate in building a nest. In this way, both animals receive a benefit from their cooperation and are more likely to continue to cooperate in the future.

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Answer 2

The following statements about the conditions of reciprocal altruism that are true and are false include:

True

It can be defined as unselfish behavior that benefits others without regard to consequences for oneself.Basic tendencies toward self-preservation can restrain altruistic action.Fear of embarrassment can inhibit altruistic action.

False

Only selfless motives are involved in the behavior of altruism.

What is reciprocal altruism?

Reciprocal altruism is a behavior in which individuals help each other out, with the expectation that the favor will be returned at some point in the future.

In other words, it is a form of cooperative behavior that benefits both the individual who provides the help and the individual who receives it. Reciprocal altruism is thought to be an important factor in the evolution of social behavior and is found in a wide range of species, including humans.

It is based on the idea that by providing help to others, an individual is more likely to receive help in return, and that over time, this pattern of reciprocation will lead to mutual benefits for both individuals. Reciprocal altruism is seen as a key factor in the development of trust and cooperation within communities, and is considered to be a fundamental aspect of human social interaction.

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The complete question goes thus:

Which of the following statements about the conditions of reciprocal altruism are true and which are false?

It can be defined as unselfish behavior that benefits others without regard to consequences for oneself.

Basic tendencies toward self-preservation can restrain altruistic action.

Fear of embarrassment can inhibit altruistic action.

Only selfless motives are involved in the behavior of altruism.


Related Questions

For students to show the best performance on their exams, they are advised to engage in __________.a. delayed practiceb. distributed practicec. massed practiced. maintenance rehearsal

Answers

For students to show the best performance on their exams, they are advised to engage in distributed practice. (Option B)

Distributed practice refers to a learning technique in which practice happens in multiple short sessions over a long period of time with an acceptable amount of space between each session. In other words,  it is a learning strategy where the learning practice is broken up into a number of short sessions. These short sessions are spaced over a longer period of time with reasonable breaks in between.

An example of distributed practice is to study 1 to 2 hours every day for 5 days  rather than a 12-hour marathon cramming session. It has been documented that spaced learning lead to better information retention, hence for students to show the best performance on their exams, they are advised to engage in distributed practice.

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Based on IQ score information as described by Stern, a student with an IQ score of 120 is likely to answer IQ test questions like someone who is age _____, even though the student is only _____.a. 12 8b. 10 8c. 10 14d 12 10

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Based on IQ score information as described by Stern, a student with an IQ score of 120 is likely to answer IQ test questions like someone who is age 12, even though the student is only 10. Option d is correct.

What is an IQ score?

IQ tests are designed to have an average score of 100. To keep the average score at 100, psychologists revise the test every few years. Approximately 68 percent of persons have IQs between 85 and 115. Only a small percentage of persons have IQs that are extremely high (above 140) or extremely low (below 70). (above 130). An IQ score is typically defined with a median and mean of 100. Scores over 130 are deemed above average or "extremely superior," while those below 70 are deemed below average or "borderline impaired." The average IQ of the population ranges from 85 to 115.

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Our cross-country trip plans are in the very __________ stages until we have a firm budget and definite vacation dates.a. incipientb. obsequiouslyc. non-essentiald. infallible

Answers

Option A is correct, Our cross-country trip plans are in the very incipient stages until we have a firm budget and definite vacation dates.

What are the 4 steps used in this approach to budgeting?

The four fundamental steps of the budgeting process—preparation, approval, execution, and evaluation—are known to every CFO. These further divide into the following crucial actions: Think about the state of the economy right now. To find out how much money is accessible, look over your financial statements. Income and expenses, overhead and production costs, as well as the monthly, yearly, average, and projection totals are the main elements of a master budget.

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According to Hairston, the answer to the question of whether Black deaf people are really that different from other deaf people __________

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According to Hairston, the answer to the question of whether Black deaf people are really that different from other deaf people is no Other than race-specific issues, the needs and problems of Black deaf people are similar to those of other deaf people.

What is meant by deafness?

Deafness refers to a lack of ability to hear. This can range from partial hearing loss to complete inability to hear sounds. There are various causes of deafness, including genetic factors, age-related hearing loss, exposure to loud noise, disease, injury, and certain medications. Deafness can also be categorized based on when it occurs, such as congenital deafness (present at birth) or acquired deafness (developing later in life).

The extent and type of deafness can have a significant impact on a person's life, affecting their ability to communicate, work, learn, and participate in daily activities.

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Based on what you know about the history of human sexuality, once a society gains birth-control technology ________ Answers: social control of sexuality becomes more strict. families, rather than individuals, make choices about sexual partners. social norms regarding sexuality become more permissive. the incest taboo no longer is observed.

Answers

According to what you know about the evolution of human sexuality, once a society develops birth control technology, sexual norms tend to become more lax.

Your knowledge of the evolution of human sexuality suggests that once a society develops birth control technology, social control of sexuality tightens up. Families make decisions about sexual partners, not individuals. Sexuality-related social expectations become more lax.

Women's birth control technology has advanced significantly since 25 years ago. The oral contraceptive, the IUD, and improved methods of sterilization and abortion have created more opportunities than ever before for safe, efficient birth control. When these techniques are used by the state and are therefore widely disseminated, their side effects can have political implications. No one would blame officialdom for a difficult or unsuccessful pregnancy, but they would do so for a death caused by a state-distributed method.

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omplete Question -

Based on what you know about the history of human sexuality, once a society gains birth-control technology ________

Answers:

social control of sexuality becomes more strict.

families, rather than individuals, make choices about sexual partners.

social norms regarding sexuality become more permissive.

the incest taboo no longer is observed.

discuss what the life of a fortunate family would be like​

Answers

The life of a fortunate family corresponds to a title of the autobiography of soldier Albert Facey's experiences during WWI and his post-war life.

What can be a fortunate family?

This may be a philosophical question and it may vary for each individual, but based on a general and cultural context, we can relate a fortunate family to the union of members, opportunities and quality of life.

Therefore, Albert Facey's autobiography can be related to a family fortunate for its perception of the importance of family unity in a context of war.

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The SA was a paramilitary organization whose methods of violent intimidation played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power. What did the SA stand for?
Group of answer choices

A Schutzstaffel

B Stealing Alsace

C Sturmabteilung

D Street Army

Answers

The Answer is C, Sturmabteilung

according to the text, what percentage of the student population identifies themselves as gay or lesbian?

Answers

According to studies using representative school-based samples, about 3% of students in grades 9-12 identify themselves as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender.

LGBTQ students face many challenges in school, from bullying and discrimination to a lack of representation in curriculum and other resources. Research has found that these students are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues, as well as a higher rate of truancy and lower academic achievement.

They are also more likely to face harassment at school, which can lead to a hostile learning environment. Schools must take steps to ensure that LGBTQ students feel safe and supported, and that they have access to resources that can help them succeed.

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Which three of the following are samples in the statistical sense?Which three of the following are not proper and ethical activities for a statistician in working with data? A) Remove outliers that bias the data too far in one direction.B) Report only those statistics that support his conclusions. C) Use samples that represent only a desired part of a population.

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A sample is a reduced, limited version of a larger group. It is a group of people with features from a wider population. When population numbers are too huge, statistical testing uses samples.

A sample should be representative of the overall population as a whole and should not show bias towards any particular characteristic. A sample is an representative group of unbiased observations sample is drawn. A population is the total number of observations that are present in a certain group or situation. In other words, a sample serves as a subset of the population and is a portion, part, or fraction of the entire group.

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Which of the following four elements was not essential for creating massive urban growth in late nineteenth-century America?A. electric lightingB. communication improvementsC. skyscrapersD. settlement houses

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Settlement houses was not essential for creating massive urban growth in late nineteenth-century America, which means option D is the right answer.

Settlement houses are the institutions which are responsible for providing help and assistance to the needy, poor and immigrants. Urban growth is mainly caused due to industrialization, social growth, scientific developments and advanced technology. People from all over the world now aspire to be part of the scientific growth and live in developed nation where there are the best of facilities, high living standards and quality living. The emergence of America as super power attracted masses of people from the Eastern and Gulf regions. Hence settlement houses cannot be held responsible for urban growth.

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According to Hairston, the future of Black signs...

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According to Hairston, the future of Black signs does not look promising

National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID)

is the world's first and largest technological university for students who are deaf or hard of hearing. As one of nine colleges within the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) in Rochester, New York, NTID provides academic programs, access, in-class ASL interpreters, and support services, including audiological, speech-language, and support of cochlear implant. In addition to a master's degree in deaf education, NTID also offers a bachelor's degree program in ASL-English Interpreting.

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i) Working on a sailing ship was a dangerous and difficult job.Give reasons (Any two)

Answers

Answer:

Seafarers are thus required to deal with such complex and hazardous machinery on a daily basis. The physical health of the seaman is at risk all the time because of the extreme toiling conditions.

professor lee studies human behavior and how it is influenced by biology. his specific field of interest is the communication system that uses glands to convey messages. he studies the ____ system, which involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream.

Answers

Professor Tran studies human behavior and how it is influenced by biology. His specific field of interest is the communication system that uses glands to convey messages. He studies the endocrine system, which involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream.

The endocrine system is a communication system that uses feedback loops to control distant target organs by controlling hormones secreted by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system. All endocrine systems in vertebrates are controlled neurally by the hypothalamus. The thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal, testes (male), ovaries (female), and adrenal glands are the main endocrine glands in humans. Along with their various roles, the hypothalamus, pancreas, and thymus are endocrine glands. By secreting certain hormones, other organs like the kidneys play a part in the endocrine system as well. Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system and its diseases.

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Why Europeans conquered Asia?

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Answer:

they are conquered that because Europe is in continent of Asia

what do ecologists frequently use for small immobile organisms?

Answers

Quadrat technique. Plots known as quadrats can be used to estimate population size and density for creatures that are static, such as plants, or for extremely small and slowly moving organisms. Within the habitat, each quadrat delineates a region of the same size, usually a square area.

Time-tested sample methods known as quadrat methods work best in coastal regions where it is relatively simple to access a habitat. The Natural Geography in Shore Areas (NaGISA) initiative has mostly used quadrat sampling. Quadrat sampling is a technique for directly counting the number of organisms in a segment (or sample) of the habitat. It is used to calculate population density, frequency, and distribution estimates. Sessile creatures are sampled using the quadrat method, which counts each individual within a square, and extrapolates the data to the full habitat to estimate population size.

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Deaf children who do not learn any language by the time they enter school:
a. can still learn English, but not sign language.
b. can still learn sign language, but not English.
c. will never develop much skill at any language.
d. can master any language at any time.

Answers

Deaf children who do not learn any language by the time they enter school A) can still learn English and sign language.

This is because the brain is malleable and can adapt to new stimuli regardless of age. With the right tools and instruction, deaf children can learn to understand and communicate using both English and sign language.

With the right resources, deaf children can develop a strong foundation in both English and sign language, allowing them to communicate effectively with both hearing and deaf people.

However, it is important to note that learning a language at an older age is generally more difficult than learning it at a younger age, so the process can be time-consuming and require a great deal of dedication and effort.

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In order to fit well with the existing team, the supervisor told the HR manager that to be considered the candidates must exhibit an openness to experience. That means the HR manager should recommend candidates who areA)sociable, active, and excitable.B)amiable, generous, cooperative, and flexible.C)secure, independent, and autonomous.D)insightful, creative, and curious.

Answers

The HR manager was told by the supervisor that in order for candidates to be considered, they needed to demonstrate an openness to experience in order to work effectively with the current team.

What are the duties of a supervisor?

The five main roles in a supervisory position are educator, sponsor, coach, counsellor, and director. Following are descriptions of each. Be aware that, depending on the needs of the team, you may do one or more of these five duties concurrently while serving in a supervisory capacity.

...a full-time role as a plant superintendent; a person who oversees work or people, especially pupils or employees; is known as a supervisor. There is a supervisor assigned to each student who can provide advice on writing the dissertation. The terms "supervisor" and "manager," as well as "chief," are synonyms. terms and phrases used by supervisors.

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Of the following, which is NOT considered to be a good motivational strategy?A.Expect the best B.Communicate and address the big picture C.Focus on competition D.Reward to enhance performance E.Celebrate

Answers

Communication and addressing the big picture are not regarded as effective motivational techniques.

Information exchange is the traditional definition of communication. The phrase can be used to describe both the message's transmission and the area of study that focuses on it, called communication studies. There are some areas of controversy regarding the specific definition of communication, such as whether purposeful or unintended transmissions are included and whether communication actually develops meaning in addition to transferring it.Many models consider the possibility that a source transmits data as a message using a coding system. The transmitter transmits the message through a channel to the recipient, who must decode it to comprehend what it means.

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Life on a sailing ship was not comfortable . Give reasons ( Any two)

Answers

Answer:

Sailors had to accept cramped conditions, disease, poor food and pay, and bad weather.

Explanation:

Answer: Some sailors suffered from seasickness and couldn't fully control the ship ( no absolute control).

Identify the errors in the following sentences, and consider how best to revise them. An announcement about summer internships are made every day. Choose the best revision of the previous sentence. O An announcement about exciting summer internships are made every day. An announcement about summer internships is made every day. O An announcement about summer internships have been made daily. The finance committee and the grounds committee meets with the general manager biannually. Choose the best revision of the previous sentence. Biannually, the finance committee and the grounds committee meets with the general manager. The finance committee and the grounds committee meet with the general manager biannually. O The finance and the grounds committees meets the general manager biannually. Before traveling, the team reviews their itineraries to coordinate meeting locations and times. Choose the best revision of the previous sentence. Before traveling, the team reviews their itineraries, coordinating meeting locations and times. O Before traveling, the team review their itineraries to coordinate meeting locations and times. Nobody who works here like to deliver bad news, but someone has to do it. Choose the best revision of the previous sentence. Nobody who works here likes to deliver bad news, but someone has to do it. Nobody who works here like to deliver bad news, but someone have to. Nobody who works here likes to deliver bad news, but someone have to do it. Which of the following sentences use the subjunctive mood correctly? Check all that apply. She wondered if he were coming to work today. Mr. Uzcategui wished he were traveling to Japan with the executive team. If I were in your shoes, I'd take the job. Determine whether the following sentences use the active or the passive voice. The vice president of HR terminated Susan's position. Does the preceding sentence use the active or the passive voice? Passive O Active Mice have infested the break room. Does the preceding sentence use the active or the passive voice? Active Passive Which of the following sentences show correct verb tense usage? Check all that apply. She chose to retire early and move to Cancun. He has knew about the broken system for over a week now. My boss comes in and fired me.

Answers

For sentences 1-4, the errors followed by best revision are A) are/Option B, B) meets/Option B, 3. No error/Option B, and 4. Like/ Option A. 5. Option B and C use the subjunctive mood correctly. 6. Active voice (Option B). 7 Active voice (Option B). 8. Option A uses verb tense correctly.

In sentence 1, the subject of the sentence announcement is singular, the verb should be singular i.e., is. In sentence 2, the sentence of the sentence committee is singular, the verb should be singular i.e., meet. In sentence 3, the use of commas and form of verb is correct. In sentence 4, Nobody refers to third person singular which is used with 'likes' as an 's' is added to the verb to signify that nobody is third person and singular.

In question 5 option B and C use the subjunctive mood correctly. The subjunctive mood is a grammatical mood which is a feature of the utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude towards it. In option A, the correct subjunctive mood is ‘was’ and not ‘were’.

In grammar, the voice of a verb refers to the relationship between the action (or state) expressed by the verb and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice while when the subject is the target or undergoer of the action, the verb is said to be in the passive voice. In other words when the actor (and the actor can be a person or object) comes before the action in a sentence, sentence has active voice. Both sentence 6 and 7 uses active voice.

Verb tenses refer to changes or additions to verbs to indicate when the action took place: in the past, present, or future. In question 8, option A uses the verb tense correctly.

Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: For sentences 1-4, identify the errors in the following sentences and consider how best to revise them. Choose the best revision option of the given sentence. 1. An announcement about summer internships are made every day. A) An announcement about exciting summer internships are made every day. B) An announcement about summer internships is made every day. C) An announcement about summer internships have been made daily. 2. The finance committee and the grounds committee meets with the general manager biannually. A) Biannually, the finance committee and the grounds committee meets with the general manager. B) The finance committee and the grounds committee meet with the general manager biannually. C) The finance and the grounds committees meets the general manager biannually. 3.Before traveling, the team reviews their itineraries to coordinate meeting locations and times. A) Before traveling, the team reviews their itineraries, coordinating meeting locations and times. B Before traveling, the team review their itineraries to coordinate meeting locations and times. 4. Nobody who works here like to deliver bad news, but someone has to do it. A) Nobody who works here likes to deliver bad news, but someone has to do it. B) Nobody who works here like to deliver bad news, but someone have to. C) Nobody who works here likes to deliver bad news, but someone have to do it. 5. Which of the following sentences use the subjunctive mood correctly? Check all that apply. A) She wondered if he were coming to work today. B) Mr. Uzcategui wished he were traveling to Japan with the executive team. C) If I were in your shoes, I'd take the job. Determine whether the following sentences use the active or the passive voice. 6. The vice president of HR terminated Susan's position. A) Passive B) Active 7. Mice have infested the break room. A) Passive B) Active. 8. Which of the following sentences show correct verb tense usage? Check all that apply. A) She chose to retire early and move to Cancun. B) He has knew about the broken system for over a week now. C) My boss comes in and fired me.

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The labor supply curve of Zinedine is described by the equation hz=(w-wz)/2. The labor supply curve of James is described by the equation hj=(w-wj)/4. The labor supply curve of Pedro is described by the equation hp=(w-wp)/3. Where wi means the reservation wage of worker i. Suppose that the reservation wage of Zinedine is 10 , the reservation wage of James is 20 and the reservation wage of Pedro is 5. Find and draw the market labor supply curve. Bonus 5% if you provide the equation that describes the market labor supply curve.
(the z, j and p in the equations are subscript)
Thank you

Answers

In economics, a reservation wage is the minimum wage at which people are willing to work for businesses.

Economists typically are unable to observe reservations; nonetheless, a higher reservation indicates a reduced labor supply.

The number of hours worked by all available labor is used to calculate the labor supply curve. First, we need to figure out how many hours each person works for a given market wage, w. Since Zinedine's reservation wz is 10, his labor supply is equal to 0.5 w - 5.

James' labor supply is equal to (w - 20) / 4 or 0.25 w - 5. His reservation is wj = 20.

Since PEdro earns a reservation wage of wp = 5, his labor supply is equal to (w - 5) / 3 or 0.33 w - 1.33.

If h is the total number of hours provided, then the market labor supply is as follows:

h = 0.5w - 5 + 0.25w - 5 + 0.33w - 1.33 = 1.08w - 11.33.

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What type of conjunction shows the relationship between a dependent and an independent clause?

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A subordinating conjunction is used to show the relationship between a dependent and an independent clause. Examples of subordinating conjunctions include "although," "because," "since," and "while."

Subordinating conjunctions are used to connect independent and dependent clauses in a sentence. The independent clause is a stand-alone sentence that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

A dependent clause, on the other hand, cannot stand alone as a sentence and requires an independent clause in order to make sense.

Subordinating conjunctions help to bridge the gap between the two clauses. Some examples of subordinating conjunctions are "although," "because," "since," and "while."

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In all developed nations, which of the following is a characteristic of the first stage of the demographic transition?
-The birth rates and death rates are low.
-Women marry young and have many children.
-All people survive to old age.
-Many people easily attain adulthood

Answers

From the choices in the attachment, it should be inferred that one of the characteristics of the first phase of the demographic transition is:

Birth and death rates are low.

What is the demographic transition?

It is the process by which changes are experienced within populations from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

Simply put, birth and mortality levels fall, the high levels prevented most populations from experiencing rapid growth for most of the time.

It should be noted that the demographic transition consists of 4 stages that indicate what the process is like.

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Match each act passed by the British government with its effect on the American colonies.

Answers

There is no image..?

T/F: according to jewish tradition, the old testament writings were completed by 400 bc and there is evidence to support that the old testament canon was completed as early as 300 b

Answers

Above statement is correct about the old testament writings.

What is the Jewish order of the Old Testament?

The five books that make up the Torah are: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Heinrich Graetz came to the conclusion in 1871 that a Council of Jamnia (or Yavne in Hebrew) had taken place in the late first century and defined Jewish canon (c. 70–90). Throughout much of the 20th century, this became the general scholarly consensus.

What is Canonization of the Old Testament?

The process of discovering the Bible's books as authoritative is known as canonization. Men did not canonise the Bible; rather, they only acknowledged the legitimacy of the works that God inspired. The Pentateuch is the cornerstone of the Old Testament and the whole of Scripture.

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what kind of habitat do baboons,kudos,warthog,lion and zebra lice in?​

Answers

Answer:

///Baboom///They are found in surprisingly varied habitats and are extremely adaptable. These monkeys prefer semi-arid habitats, like savannas and bushlands, but some live in tropical forests and mountains.///kudus//Lesser kudus are found in acacia and Commiphora thornbush in arid savannas; they rely on thickets for security and are rarely found in open or scattered bush. Greater kudus are found in woodlands and bushlands.///warthogs///Common warthogs are found in open and wooded savannas, grass-steppes, and semi-deserts in Africa. Common warthogs prefer open areas and avoid rainforest and severe desert. They are found on Kilimanjaro up to an elevation of 3000 m and along coastal regions of Africa.///lions///Lions inhabit a wide range of habitats, from open plains to thick brush and dry thorn forest. Except for a small population of the Indian lion subspecies that remains in the Gir Forest of northwest India, lions now live only in Africa, from the Sahara's southern fringe to northern South Africa.///zebra///They usually live in treeless grasslands and savanna woodlands and are absent from deserts, rainforests, and wetlands.

Baboons, kudus, warthogs, lions, and zebras are found in a variety of habitats, but all of them are associated with the African savanna. Baboons and warthogs live in a variety of habitats including savannas, forests, and deserts, while kudus are found in savannas and forests. Lions live in a variety of habitats including savannas, grasslands, and deserts, while zebras are found primarily in grasslands and savannas

Modern psychology is a science because...a. It generates a set of unquestionable factsb. It uses fMRI to directly measure brain processesc. It relies on rational thinking and systematic observation

Answers

Modern psychology is a science because c. It relies on rational thinking and systematic observation.

About modern psychology

The early years of psychology were marked by the dominance of differences resulting from certain ideas. Differences in the results of this thinking include the theory of structural, functional, psychoanalytic, behaviorism, and humanism.

As psychology has grown, so has the variety of topics investigated by psychologists. Since the early 1960s, the field of psychology has developed and continues to grow at a rapid pace, as well as the depth and breadth of the subject matter studied. Today, some psychologists identify their views according to a certain way of thinking.

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when it is necessary in a speech to explain a term that the audience might not understand, you should look in a dictionary such as webster's for

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Look in a dictionary like Webster's when you need to explain a term in a speech that the audience might not comprehend. A classification by definition.

An audience is a group of individuals who participate in academic content, music, video games, or other forms of art in any media or attend performances. Various artistic genres engage the audience in a variety of ways. While some performances encourage overt audience participation, others just permit brief applause, criticism, and clapping. Media audience studies are now acknowledged as a major academic field. A academic understanding of audiences in general is provided by the audience theory. These findings affect our understanding of how audiences engage with and respond to various artistic forms. The mainstream media is the most widely used art form.

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the psychological study of questions such as the relationship between color and wavelength is called .

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The psychological study of questions such as the relationship between color and wavelength is called color psychology.

Color psychology is a branch of psychology that explores the effects of color on human behavior, emotions, and perception. It is an interdisciplinary field that draws on knowledge from psychology, physiology, neuroscience, and physics.

The study of color psychology focuses on how the brain processes and interprets color, as well as how different colors can elicit different emotional responses and influence behavior.

This field of study has practical applications in many areas, including advertising, product design, interior design, and branding. For example, it can be used to understand how different colors can impact a customer's perception of a product, or how the use of color can influence mood and behavior in interior design.

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Within science communication, the "knowledge deficit model" is juxtaposed by the "low-information rationality model", which__
is based on decades of research in social psychology, political science, and risk communication.
is based on the assumption that human beings are cognitive misers and minimize the economic costs (i.e., the mental efforts) associated with making decisions and forming attitudes
assumes that people rely on cognitive shortcuts or heuristics to efficiently sift through large amounts of information and to form attitudes about issues.

Answers

The "knowledge deficit model" is a concept used in science communication to refer to "all of these." Thus, Option A is correct.

The knowledge deficit model is a popular perspective within science communication that assumes that a lack of information among the public is the main cause of a lack of public support for emerging technologies.

Adherents of this model argue that by providing more information to the public, they will become more informed and therefore more supportive of scientific inquiry and emerging technologies.

This model is often criticized for oversimplifying the complex issues surrounding public understanding of science and technology, and for ignoring the role of social, cultural, and political factors in shaping public opinions and attitudes towards these fields. 

This question should be provided as:

Within science communication, the concept of the "knowledge deficit model" ...

A) all of these.B) assumes that audiences can and should acquire as much information as possible about new technologies.C) has, as its adherents, people who attribute the lack of public support for emerging technologies to lack of information among the public.D) has, as its adherents, people who argue that a more informed public would be more supportive of scientific enquiry and of emerging technologies

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