The fishing spider can walk across the surface of liquid water is most likely due to the high cohesiveness of water.
What is surface of liquid water?Any liquid's surface serves as the interface between it and the surrounding medium. For instance, the top surface of a pond serves as the contact between the air and the water. Surface tension, then, is a feature of the liquid's interface with another medium rather than a property of the liquid itself. Because water molecules are cohesive, surface tension can be described as the quality of a liquid's surface that permits it to resist an external force. Surface tension, which tends to minimize surface area, is the tension of a liquid's surface film brought on by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer to the bulk of the liquid.To learn more about surface refer to:
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would ethanol (ch3ch2oh) be a suitable solvent in which to perform the following proton transfer?
No, ethanol is not a better solvent for the following reaction. because ethanol is more acidic then alkyne. so NH2- abstracts proton from ethanol insted of alkyne. so expected reaction will not proceed if we use ethanol. CH3CH2OH + NH2- -----------> CH3CH2O- + NH3
Ethanol is a polar solvent, which means that it has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end. This polarity allows ethanol to dissolve polar compounds, such as acids and bases, which are commonly involved in proton transfer reactions. Ethanol also has a relatively low boiling point and is relatively less toxic than other solvents, making it a convenient choice for many laboratory procedures.
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The complete question is:
would ethanol (ch3ch2oh) be a suitable solvent in which to perform the following proton transfer?
CH3CH2OH + NH2- -----------> CH3CH2O- + NH3
which of the following describes covalent bonds? select all that apply. occur between atoms of similar electronegativity occur between atoms with a large electronegativity difference lower energy state and higher stability involve the sharing of electrons
Occur between atoms of similar electronegativity with lower energy state and higher stability involve the sharing of electrons.
A covalent bond is established when one or more pairs of electrons are exchanged between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously pulled to the two atomic nuclei. When the difference in electronegativities between two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place and produce ions, a covalent bond is created. Ionic bonds are more likely to form when the electronegativity of the components differs significantly. Normally, atoms with similar electronegativity elements join together to create covalent bonds. When two atoms with the identical electronegativity come together, they form pure covalent bonds. The polarity of the covalent bond is due to minute variations in the electronegativity of the atoms. Ionic bonds form when two or more atoms have different electronegativity values on the Pauling scale. A full electron shell is created when atoms make covalent bonds, which increases stability. Atoms can fill out their outer electron shell and achieve stability by sharing their outermost (valence) electrons.
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Lewis dot structure for diatomic molecule Cl2 S2 N2
Below are the Lewis dot structure for diatomic molecule Cl2 S2 N2.
Lewis structures are diagrams that show the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule.
They are often referred to as Lewis dot structures or electron dot structures.
The valence electrons of atoms and molecules, whether they reside as lone pairs or within bonds, can be seen using these Lewis symbols and structures.
The Lewis dot rule is what?1) Identify the atoms that are linked to one another.
2) Count the valence electrons the molecule contains.
3) Substitute two electrons for each bond between the two atoms.
4) To complete the octet of the nearby atoms, add the remaining valence electrons that are available.
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hybridization is the process of mixing atomic orbitals as atoms approach each other to form a bond.
TRUE OR FALSE
the above statement is true which defines the hybridization as The process of blending atomic orbitals as atomic nuclei approach each other to form a bond
The process of blending atomic orbitals as atomic nuclei approach each other to form a bond is known as hybridization. In this process, atomic orbitals of similar energy combine to form new hybrid orbitals that are more stable and have specific geometric shapes. This enables the atoms to form chemical bonds with other atoms in a specific way, which helps to account for the observed molecular geometry of many compounds. The type of hybridization that occurs depends on the number of atoms and electrons involved in the bonding process.
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Kinetic data for the decomposition of Cl2O2 to ClO are summarized in the following table. Cl2O2(g) --> 2 ClO(g) time (microseconds) [Cl2O2] (M) 0 6.60x10^-8 172 5.68x10^-8 345 4.89x10^-8 517 4.21x10^-8 690 3.62x10^-8 862 3.12x10^-8 A) Determine the value of the first-order rate constant. Answer units are microseconds^-1 or (us^-1). B) Determine the half-life for the decomposition of Cl2O2.
(A) The value of the first-order rate constant for the decomposition of Cl2O2 is -0.00000000000058 microseconds^-1. (B) The half-life for the decomposition of Cl2O2 is 1201.694915254237 microseconds.
A) To determine the value of the first-order rate constant, we can use the following equation:
= -ln([Cl2O2]/[Cl2O2]o) = kt
Where [Cl2O2] and [Cl2O2]o are the concentrations of Cl2O2 at different times and k is the first-order rate constant.
By substituting the values from the table into the equation, we can solve for k:
= -ln(6.60x10^-8/6.60x10^-8) = k(17210^-6)
= k = -ln(6.60x10^-8/6.60x10^-8)/(17210^-6)
= k = -0.000000000000/0.000172
= k = -0.00000000000058
The value of the first-order rate constant for the decomposition of Cl2O2 is -0.00000000000058 microseconds^-1.
B) The half-life for a first-order reaction can be calculated using the following equation:
= t1/2 = (0.693/k)
Where t1/2 is the half-life and k is the first-order rate constant.
By substituting the value of k from above, we can calculate the half-life for the decomposition of Cl2O2:
= t1/2 = (0.693/-0.00000000000058)
= t1/2 = 1201.694915254237 microseconds
The half-life for the decomposition of Cl2O2 is 1201.694915254237 microseconds. It's worth to mention that the rate constant has a negative sign which indicates that the reaction is a decomposition reaction.
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What happens to the energy produced by blocks of Earth's crust slipping past each other? (1 point)
O It disappears at it moves through the crust.
OIt spreads out in random directions.
OIt radiates outward in all directions.
OIt increases as it reaches the surface.
What happens to the energy produced by blocks of Earth's crust slipping past each other is it radiates outward in all directions. (Option C).
What happens to the energy?When blocks of the Earth's crust slip past each other during an earthquake, the energy that is released does not disappear, spread out randomly, or increase as it reaches the surface.
Instead, the energy radiates outward in the form of seismic waves. These seismic waves travel through the Earth in all directions from the point of the earthquake's origin causing the ground to shake.
The energy carried by these waves is what is felt as the shaking during an earthquake and can be detected and measured by seismometers.
Thus, what happens to the energy produced by blocks of Earth's crust slipping past each other is it radiates outward in all directions.
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Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the transfer of phosphoryl group Irom ATP to glucose? Select one: a. glucoklnase b. glucose-6-phosphatase c. phosphoglucose mutase d.A transfer such as this does not occur in glycolysis. e. phosphoglucose isomerase
Hexokinase is the initial enzyme of glycolysis, catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose by ATP to glucose-6-P. It is one of the rate-limiting enzymes of glycolysis.
Which enzyme catalyses the phosphorylation of glucose?Through facilitated diffusion, which is facilitated by the glucose transporter (GLUT) protein family and permits monosaccharides to pass the cell membrane predominantly as a result of concentration gradients, glucose and other monosaccharides enter the cell.
2,3,6 Hexokinase enzymes phosphorylate the molecules as they enter the cell, thereby trapping the monosaccharide inside the cell because phosphorylated monosaccharides cannot pass through the GLUT. 2,3,6.
Glucokinase is an isoform of hexokinase that differs from hexokinase in two ways: first, unlike hexokinase, it is not inhibited by the reaction product, glucose-6-phosphate; and second, it has a lower binding affinity for glucose than the other hexokinase enzymes. 2,3,6 Because of these two variations, glucokinase can function as a sensor of fuel supply because it only changes in reaction to the availability of glucose.
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Why does a neutron make a better nuclear bullet than a proton or an electron?
Because neutrons are not electrically charged, they may enter atomic nuclei more easily than protons or alpha particles. It is well known that the neutron has evolved into a powerful nuclear weapon.
What is neutron?A neutron is a subatomic particle that exists in the nucleus of all atoms except basic hydrogen. The name of the particle comes from the fact that it has no electrical charge; it is neutral. Neutrons have a very high density. Neutrons, like protons, are subatomic particles that exist within the nucleus of every atom. The lone exception is hydrogen, which has a single proton in its nucleus. Neutrons are somewhat heavier than positively charged protons and have a neutral electric charge (neither negative nor positive). The neutron, symbol n, is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge. Atomic nuclei are made up of protons and neutrons. These, together with protons, are referred to as nucleons and are found within the nucleus.
Here,
Because neutrons are not electrically charged, they may pass through atomic nuclei more easily than protons or alpha particles. It is well known that the neutron has evolved into a potent nuclear weapon.
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Indicate whether the following carbohydrates will give a positive or a negative result in each type of test listed below: Benedicts test, Seliwanoffs test, Fermentation test, Iodine Test, Glucose Fructose Galactose Sucrose Lactose Maltose Amylose Amylopectin
A chemical test for starch is to add iodine solution (red) and see if it turns blue/black in colour.
What carbohydrate tests positive for iodine?To identify the presence of complex carbohydrates, use an iodine solution. As the yellow-orange iodine reacts with the starch, it will turn blue-black. (The presence of simple carbohydrates or sugars will not cause the iodine solution to react.)
Credit: Carbohydrate Chemistry Slide #13 by Dr. Karin Allen. As a result, the benchtop iodine colour is brown. The amylose-iodide complex is blue-black, but the polyiodides (I3, I5, and I7) are colourless. Since the Iodine starch reaction is recognisable, it is used to determine the presence of starch in a sample.
The iodine test is an identification test for starch based on a chemical reaction. Iodine and starch in this experiment combine to generate a distinct blue-black coloured compound. The charge transfer (CT) complex between iodine and the helical structure of amylose occurs when the iodine is inside the spiral or helical helix.
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What are few conditions that might prevent a company or institution from using a solution discovered by it's scientists?
An exclusion clause by the scientists might prevent a company or institution from using a solution discovered by these scientists.
What is an exclusion clause in science?Exclusion clauses can be defined as mutual agreements that exclude the use of the info for certain contentious types of research, which may hamper the use by the company of certain discoveries from these researchers beyond the scope of the work they have done.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an exclusion clause in science may hamper the use of discoveries for a given company.
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When a valid electron dot structure is written, how many double bonds will the molecule contain? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 4
Answer: I need to know what the molecule is probably A or C
Explanation:
Which of the following is an advantage that ectotherms have over endotherms of the same size?
a. They require much less food.
b. They are less vulnerable to predation events during cold weather.
c. They can remain active in cold weather or at nighttime-when temperatures cool.
d. They have higher metabolic rates and grow much more quickly.
a. They require much less food.
of the following is an advantage that ectotherms have over endotherms of the same size
Why do ectotherms use significantly less energy than endotherms do?Another crucial fact is that endotherms often have far greater metabolic rates than ectotherms. This is due to the fact that they must consume a lot of fuel (food) to keep their internal body temperature stable.
The same amount of food can support a bigger population of similarly sized ectotherms than endotherms because endotherms use more energy than ectotherms.
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The termination of translation requires which of the following? Select all that apply: O terminator tRNA O E site of the ribosomal complex O GTP O stop codon on the mRNA O release factors
The termination of translation requires stop codon on the mRNA
What is necessary for the translation to end?When a stop codon accesses the A site of the ribosome, mRNA translation is terminated. In eukaryotes, this process is controlled by the release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a ternary eRF1/eRF3-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) complex.
Is GTP required for translation termination?For quick and effective cessation of translation in eukaryotes, GTP hydrolysis, which is mediated in the ribosome by a complex of two polypeptide release factors, eRF1 and eRF3, is necessary.
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Draw a tetrahedral representation of (S)-3-methyl-1-hexyne.
A tetrahedral is an object that has a central atom surrounded by four other atoms.
What is tetrahedral representation?Bond angles of 109.5° are formed between each of the surrounding atoms and the centre atom. The tetrahedron, often known as a 3-simplex, is the three-dimensional manifestation of the more generic idea of a Euclidean simplex.
When four additional atoms are bound to the centre atom of a molecule, the geometry is known as tetrahedral. Tetrahedra have sp3 hybridised orbitals as their structure.
The centre atom in this scenario lacks a lone pair of electrons. The centre atom in this scenario lacks a lone pair of electrons. Complete response: Tetrahedral molecules are ones in which the centre atom is bound to four other atoms and lacks any lone pair of electrons.
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write a bulleted list of the positive impacts of genetically modified foods on society and the environment.
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Healthier due to added nutrientsCheaper to produce and as a result cheaper pricesResistance to insects other viruses/diseases and greater tolerance to herbicidesCan grow in harsher climates and poor soilLonger shelf lifePredict the product, if any, of reaction between methyl propanoate and LiAlH4, then H3O+.
Draw only the product derived from the acyl portion of methyl propanoate.
You do not have to consider stereochemistry.
If no reaction occurs, draw the starting material.
1) Propanyl chloride is an acid chloride. This propanyl chloride on reaction with LiAlH4 and H3O+ yield corresponding alcohol. 2. Methyl propanoate on reaction with aniline yield corresponding amide. 3. Amide on hydrolysis yield carboxylic acid.
When methyl propanoate reacts with lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4), the carbonyl group of the ester is reduced by the hydride ion (H-) from LiAlH4 to form an alcohol. The final product of this reaction would be the alcohol derived from the acyl portion of methyl propanoate. When this alcohol is then treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) or another acid, it will undergo a protonation, forming the corresponding alkyl carbinol. The final product of this reaction is the carbinol and the carboxylic acid derived from the acyl portion of methyl propanoate.The product of the reaction between methyl propanoate and LiAlH4 then H3O+ would be the following structure:
H3C-C(=O)-O-CH2-CH3
| |
H H2O
The product of the reaction is the Carboxylic acid derived from the acyl portion of methyl propanoate.
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there are ________ molecules of methane in 0.123 mol of methane (ch4).
There are 7.4 x 10²² molecules of methane in 0.123 mole of methane (ch4).
Methane is a substance that has the chemical formula CH4 (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms). It is the simplest alkane, a group-14 hydride, and the primary component of natural gas. Methane is very abundant on Earth, making it an economically appealing fuel, but due to its gaseous nature at standard temperatures and pressure, its capture and storage present technical problems. Methane is a naturally occurring gas that can be found underground and beneath the bottom.
A mole is a measurement unit for numerous particles (atoms, molecules, and ions), where 1 mole equals the number of particles in a substance as the number of atoms in 12 grams of C-12.
1 mole [tex]= 6.02*10^{23}[/tex] particles
Can be formulated :
N = [tex]n *[/tex] No
N = number of gas particles
No = Avogadro number ([tex]6.02*10^{23}[/tex])
n = number of moles
Input the value :
N [tex]= 0.123 * 6.02*10x^{23}[/tex]
N [tex]= 7.4 * 10^{22}[/tex]
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The plants in a biome grow very tall. Which statement most likely describes the abiotic factors in the biome? (1 point)
O The biome has very cold temperatures year round.
O The biome receives abundant sunlight.
The biome's soil lacks nutrients.
O The biome has limited rainfall.
If the plants in a biome grow very tall, then statement b The biome receives abundant sunlight most likely describes the abiotic factors in the biome.
What is an abiotic factor in a biome or ecosystem?An abiotic factor in a biome or ecosystem can be defined as any nonliving variable that helps to shape the features of the are under study, which include for example, temperature, sunlight, water availability for the species living in the area, etc.
An abiotic factor in a biome or ecosystem is characterized to be the counterpart of the biotic living factors in order to shape the homeostasis of the ecosystem.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an abiotic factor in a biome is any nonliving factor that helps to form the features of a particular ecosystem such as sunlight in the case of areas with high biodiversity.
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draw a diagram to show the equipment you might use to prevent energy being lost during the heating of the ice/water
The equipment you might use to prevent energy being lost during the heating of the ice/water is : calorimeter.
What is a calorimeter?A calorimeter is an object used for the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes and also heat capacity. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters are the most common types.
Device used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process is called calorimeter. For example, when exothermic reaction occurs in a solution in calorimeter, heat produced by the reaction is absorbed by solution, that results in increase in temperature.
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as a soap bubble (n=1.333) evaporates and thins, the reflected colors gradually disappear. What are (a) the bubble thickness just as the last vestige of color vanishes and (b) the last color seen?
The bubble thickness just as the last vestige of color vanishes and (b) the last color seen is 75.02nm
A pattern of interference is what?A pattern of conflict (plural interference patterns) The phase difference between two waves is depicted as a series of light and dark bands that vary in space. Thomas Young demonstrated how the interaction of two sources of light in the same medium results in an interference pattern.
In an interference pattern formed due to a thin film, the bright bands occur when constructive interference takes place. Constructive interference in a thin film is calculated as follows:
2nd = (m + 1/2)λ
d = (m + 1/2)λ/2n = (0+1/2)400nm/2(1.333)
d = 75.02nm
Here n is the refractive index of medium, 2 is the wavelength, m is the order, and d is the thickness of the film.
The wavelength of the light is considered 400 nm because the last color that appears is violet.
Therefore, the thickness of the film is 75.02 nm.
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Acids and alkalis have …………………….chemical properties or reactions.
Acids and alkalis have different chemical properties or reactions and even physical properties.
What are chemical properties?
These properties are defined as those properties which become evident during or after a chemical reaction after the identity of the substance is changed during chemical reaction.
These properties cannot be determined externally just by viewing the substance ,these change immensely after a substance undergoes a chemical change.These are used for identification of unknown substances and for building up chemical classifications.
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Choose all the answers that apply.
Which of the following will decrease reaction rate?
Increase pressure
decrease concentration
increase concentration
decrease temperature
BRAINLIEST AND 100 POINTS!!!!
Answer:
Decreasing the temperature will decrease the rate of a reaction.
Explanation:
The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
what is the boiling point of a solution of nacl in water if the solution freezes at 0 .93c
Answer:
Explanation:
ΔT = imK
0.93 = (2)(m)(1.86)
Solve for m (molality) and use it in ΔT = imK where i = 2 and K = 0.512 and find ΔT. Add that value to 100C to find boiling point
at what temperature are the liquid and solid phases of n-octane in equilibrium at 1 atm?
N-octane is a hydrocarbon with eight carbon atoms.
What is equilibrium?Equilibrium is a state of balance or stability between opposing forces or actions. It is a state in which there is no net change in a system and all forces are in balance. In economics, it is used to describe the situation in which supply and demand are equal, resulting in a stable market price and no tendency for it to change.
At 1 atm of pressure, the liquid and solid phases of n-octane are in equilibrium at a temperature of -164.8 °C (-258.6 °F). This is the melting point of n-octane, and is the temperature at which it transitions from solid to liquid. At temperatures below this, n-octane is in a solid state. At temperatures above this, n-octane is in a liquid state.
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Properties of matter affect how people need to handle the different states of matter, such as the propane gas that is being carried inside this tanker truck. Look at the tank of the truck that contains the gas. Why is this tank design useful for transporting gas? Considering the volume and shape properties of each state of matter, how might the container on a truck carrying a liquid or a solid be designed differently?
Answer:
Explanation:
The tank design of the truck is useful for transporting gas because it is able to hold large volumes of gas while taking up minimal space. The container is typically long and cylindrical in shape, allowing the gas to be compressed and stored in a smaller space.
If the truck were carrying a liquid, the container would likely be designed differently. Liquids take the shape of their container, so the container would need to be able to hold the liquid in an upright position without spilling. This could be achieved through the use of a tank with a closed top and a small opening at the bottom for dispensing the liquid.
For a solid, the container would also need to be designed differently. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, so the container would need to be able to hold the solid without crushing or altering its shape. This could be achieved through the use of a container with walls that are thick and sturdy enough to support the weight of the solid.
A 250 -g sample of water at 80 C is mixed with 250 g of water at 10 c Find the entropy changes for (a) the hot water, (b) the cool water, and (c) the system.
A thermodynamic system's change in disorder or randomness is measured by a phenomena called entropy change.
What is a simple definition of entropy?The amount of thermal energy per unit of temperature in a system that cannot be used to carry out beneficial work is known as entropy. Since work is produced by ordered molecular motion, entropy also serves as a proxy for a system's molecular disorder or unpredictability.
Entropy Change is a phenomena that measures the evolution of randomness or disorder in a thermodynamic system. It has to do with the heat or enthalpy conversion that occurs during work. More randomness indicates a high entropy in a thermodynamic system.
The entropy grows from solid to liquid to gas, and by observing the phases of the reactants and products, you can determine if the change in entropy is positive or negative. Entropy will rise whenever there is a rise in gas moles.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
How many grams of Al203 were
decomposed?
287.13
200g
888g
1148.52g
287.13 grams of Al₂O₃ were decomposed. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is molar mass ?The term molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of one mole of the compound. A mole of any substance is 6.022 × 10²³ molecules. It is called as Avogadro's number. The molar mass is a bulk property, it is not molecular, property of a substance.
2Al₂O₃ ⇒ 4Al + 3O₂
Thus, 4 mol of Al combine with 3 mol of oxygen to form 2 mol of Al₂O₃.
2 mol of Al corresponds to 2 × 27 = 54g
Thus, the weight of Al used in the reaction is 108 g.
Molar mass of Al₂O₃ is 101.96g/mol.
5.63 moles of Al = 5.63 × 54 / 101.96
= 287.13 grams
Thus, 287.13 grams of Al₂0₃ were decomposed, option A is correct.
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categorize the given phrases as descriptions of α‑keratin, collagen, or fibroin.
A robust and pure protein called alpha keratin can find harm in your hair.
What is Alpha Keratin ?Alpha keratin is a strong and pure protein that can hunt out damage in your hair. Once the damage has been located, it bonds to it and fills in any weak areas to make repairs. You'll have gorgeous, unbelievably healthy hair once it repairs damaged hair.
Proteins in the body include collagen (KOL-uh-jin). Numerous biological parts, including the hair, skin, nails, bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, blood vessels, and intestines, contain different forms of collagen.
Silk fibres are made up of proteins called fibroins. Even though the precise structural features of the huge, complex proteins that make up the many varieties of silk vary, all fibroins have a few traits. additionally see fibrous proteins.
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if 75.0 g of water at 30.0°c absorbs 900 calories, the new temperature will be
If 75.0 g of water at 30.0°c absorbs 900 calories, the new temperature will be 42°C.
What is specific heat?In thermodynamics, the specific heat of a substance (symbol cp) is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance divided by the mass of the sample, sometimes called the mass heat capacity. Informally, it is the amount of heat that must be added to a unit mass of a substance to cause a unit temperature rise. The SI unit for specific heat capacity is Joule/Kelvin/Kilogram, J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹. For example, it takes 4184 Joules of heat to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 K, so the specific heat capacity of water is 4184 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹.
Q = mcΔT
1 Kcal. = 4184 J
0.9 K Cal. = 4184 × 0.9
0.9 K Cal. = 3765.6 J
3765.6 = 75 × 4.186 × ΔT
ΔT = 3765.6/(75 × 4.186)
ΔT = 3765.6/313.95
ΔT = 11.99
T₂ - T₁ = 11.99
T₂ = 11.99 + T₁
T₂ = 11.99 + 30
T₂ = 41.99°C
T₂ ≈ 42°C
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The complete question is as follows:
if 75.0 g of water at 30.0°c absorbs 900 calories, the new temperature will be ________.
Predict the products when cyclohexanol is heated in the presence of H . Show all hydrogen atoms.
The product cyclohexanol with all hydrogen atoms is attached below.
cyclohexanol is alcohol?A single hydroxyl group is added to cyclohexane to create the alcohol cyclohexanol. the ancestor of the cyclohexanol class. It plays the part of a solvent. It belongs to the class of cyclohexanols and is a secondary alcohol.
Cyclohexanol is a very weak acidic compound that is soluble in water (based on its pKa). Garden tomato (variety), okra, and sweet basil contain the chemical cyclohexanol, which has the flavors of camphor, menthol, and phenol. This property makes cyclohexanol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
When cyclohexanol is heated with phosphoric acid in a catalytic amount, the result is cyclohexene because water is eliminated during dehydration. The phosphoric acid's function is to protonate the alcohol (described in "step a" below), making it a useful leaving group.
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