Which of the following is an advantage angiosperms and gymnosperms have over mosses?
1. they are seed producing so can populate more areas
2. they can photosynthesize
3. they can use oxygen
4. they do not need water

It is an example of Fixed Action Patterns.

A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a predetermined set of behaviors that happen in a predetermined order in response to a sign stimulus, which is an external stimulus. The behavior is "fixed" because it is essentially unchanging and behaves consistently among members of a species.

FAPs are inherent, which means that the animal is born with the capacity to engage in the behavior and does not require learning. FAPs are also typically finished after being triggered. The ability to instinctively identify and attack prey or, as in the case of sticklebacks, the ability to produce more young that can survive to adulthood are just two examples of how these behaviors may be crucial to improving an animal's fitness.

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Answer:

Root system of chilli crop is highly branched with a tap root at centre. Chilli plants withstand drought better than excess soil moisture. Taproots anchor plants deeply, helping to prevent the wind from blowing them over and stabilizing plants that grow in areas of shifting soils such as beaches or sand dunes

The muscle which is highlighted is flexor digitorum longus and is therefore denoted as option A.

This refers to a deep posterior muscle which is present in the lower leg and is responsible for the different movement of the great toe.

It is also involved in  plantar flexion and foot inversion and also helps to maintain a medial longitudinal arch thereby making it the most appropriate choice.

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Organ donation is nothing but the process by which the person donates his/her organ to other person to save the life of a him/her.

Answer:Organ donation is when a person gives a organ of their own to be removed and given to another person.

Explanation:

Dendrites of the postsynaptic neurons are the structures that receive chemical messages -neurotransmitters- from the presynaptic neurons. The correct option is D. Dendrites.

Neurons are cells that communicate with each other through the transmition of nervous impulses.

Every neuron forms connections with other neurons or with effector organs, such as the muscle. These connections are known as synapses.

Synapses can be either chemical or electrical. The most common one is the chemical synapses that involve the release of a substance known as a neurotransmitter.

During chemical synapses, when a presynaptic neuron sends information, it releases neurotransmitters. This event is done through exocytosis.

The neurotransmitter is a molecule that travels through the synaptic space forward to the dendrites of the other neuron or to the effector cell. Once the chemical reaches the postsynaptic membrane, it binds to its receptors.

This binding neurotransmitter-receptor produces excitatory postsynaptic potential, which is the depolarization of the postsynaptic cell.

Once the action potential is initiated, it spreads to the rest of the membrane, depolarizing it.

According to this framework, when two neurons communicate, the neurotransmitter released by one of them reaches the receptors located in the dendrites of the postsynaptic cell.

Dendrites are the structures that receive chemical messages from the other cells.

The correct option is D. Dendrites.

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The majority of neurotransmitters migrate across the synaptic gap and latch onto receptor sites of the receiving neuron's

A. Myelin sheath

B. Axons

C. Vesicles

D. Dendrites

Two species of finches found on the same galápagos island but feeding on different food sources is an example of sympatric speciation.

Speciation is the evolutionary process that leads to reproductive isolation and eventually to the emergence of new species.

Sympatric speciation refers to the emergence of reproductive barriers in individuals of the same species that inhabit the same region, whereas allopatric speciation occurs in individuals separated by geographic barriers.

In conclusion, two species of finches found on the same galápagos island but feeding on different food sources is an example of sympatric speciation.

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B) The Himalayan Mountain range of geologic features was created and demonstrated by the student's experiment.

In the northeastern corner of India, there are mountains called the Himalayan mountain range. They go 1,500 miles (2,400 km) and cross through China, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. The Himalayan Mountain range is known for its extreme height, intricate geological structure, snow-covered peaks, sizable valley glaciers, deep river gorges, and lush vegetation.
The Himalayan mountain range is the tallest mountain range in the globe and is home to Mount Everest and nine out of the ten highest peaks in the world. These mountains, sometimes known as the Third Pole, are the source of several of Asia's major rivers and have a role in controlling the climate of the world.
 

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He surgery for a client scheduled for an 8:00 a.m. procedure is delayed until 11:00 a.m. The appropriate nursing action regarding administration of preoperative prophylactic antibiotic is to adjust the administration time to be given at 10:00 a.m.

The preoperative patient's reports should be made before the surgery like reports of pertinent cardiovascular and respiratory findings (like chest pain, irregular heart rate), reports of any signs or symptoms of infection (like fever, increased white blood cell count), repots from laboratory that could contraindicate surgery (like positive pregnancy test results), reports of other clinical condition that may need further evaluation before surgery (like vomiting, recent intake of an anticoagulant drug).  

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The sequence of steps that starts with the sensory receptors in the eye changing light information from the world into electrical signals sent by neurons is an example of Visual phototransduction.

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Answer:

a community with all the living and nonliving components

Explanation:

Bluetooth is a wireless pan technology that transmits signals over short distances among cell phones, computers, and other devices.

Bluetooth is a wireless technology enormous, used will change records between cell(mobile) gadgets, like smartphones,  drugs, headsets, and wearables, over short distances in a one-to-one style (because of this that it is not possible to assemble a network-based totally on Bluetooth).

Bluetooth is a wireless generation that uses a radio frequency to share statistics over a short distance, putting off the want for wires. you may use Bluetooth to your mobile tool to percentage files or to hook up with unique Bluetooth-enabled devices.

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Answer:

A: 100%

B: 25%

C: 25%

D: 100%

The type of energy that comes from the movement of small particles is thermal energy, as the movement of particles produces thermal energy as a result.

Concept Brownian is the random motion of particles in a fluid (liquid) as a consequence of all changes such as the gas or movement of those present in the fluid.

With this information, we can conclude that On the motion of small suspended particles within liquids at rest, as required by the kinetic molecular theory of heat

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Answer:

thermal energy

Explanation:

Cell structures involved releases glucagon to raises the blood glucose levels when the glucose levels in the blood is low

However too, the hormone adrenaline is released to the body's internal environment when there is danger.

Homeostasis can simply be defined as the steady maintenance of the internal environment of an organism. Living organisms usually find a way to balance any low or high concentration of substances in the internal environment

Below are what makes up the internal environment of an organism:

So therefore, cell structures involved releases glucagon to raises the blood glucose levels when the glucose levels in the blood is low

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The high concentration nutrients in sieve tubes causes water to move by osmosis from xylem into the phloem cells.

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane as a result of solute concentration gradient.

The The high concentration nutrients in sieve tubes causes entry of water through osmosis. It leads to movement of water from xylem into the phloem cells by osmosis.

In conclusion, osmosis enables movement of water in plants.

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Maize reproduces sexually while rhizopus reproduces both sexually and asexually.

Rhizopus belongs to a group of organisms in the kingdom Fungi. Maize, on the other hand, belongs to a group of organisms in the kingdom Plantae.

Rhizopus is able to reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction is by the fusion of compatible hyphae - one carrying the + strain and the other the - strain.

Asexual reproduction in rhizopus is by the formation of asexual spores - sporangiospores and chlamydospores.

Maize is only able to reproduce sexually. The male gamete in the form of pollen pollinates (fertilizes) the female gamete in the form of ovule or egg. Double fertilization occurs to form a seed coat that nourishes the zygote.

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The model of population growth as indicated in the question is completed and attached in the image labelled Growth Model.

An species that reproduces according to to set rules has a population that can be predicted by a population growth model.

The model predicts the population at a particular period based on the number of times an organism reproduces, how many new creatures it creates each time, and how often it reproduces.

There is the Exponential Population Growth Model.

When resources are unrestricted, population growth is exponential; the population's rate of change is only dependent on its size.

There is the Logistic population growth Model.

Logistic population growth happens when there are few resources available and competition for those resources;

the population's pace of change depends on the size of the population, the level of rivalry, and the availability of resources.

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Full Question:
Identify Properties Of Population-Growth Models Instruction: Drag Each Item Related To A Model Of Population Growth

See the attached named Attachment 2.

The key repeating units in these macromolecules are: sugar (aldose/ketose) for carbohydrates, amino acids for proteins, fatty acids and CoA for lipids and a nitrogenous base, sugar and phosphate for nucleic acids.

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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.

Question: Consider the structure of biologically important macromolecules (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) and explain the significance of the key elements involved in formation of these molecules. Which atoms were these molecules made up of and in what relative proportions? Which of these atoms plays a central role as the "backbone' to the structure of these atoms? Why do you suppose this is?

As mean arterial pressure increases, the frequency of action potentials from the baroreceptors increases, informing the medulla oblongata that blood pressure has indeed increased.

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when changes in a protein appear to accumulate at a constant rate over time is called option (c) i.e, Molecular clock.

The term "molecular clock" refers to a method that estimates the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged by analyzing the mutation rate of biomolecules. Typically, nucleotide sequences for DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequences for proteins serve as the biomolecular data for these calculations.

Hedges, a biology professor at Penn State, claims that the molecular clock counts the mutations that accumulate through time in the gene sequences of various species rather than counting seconds, minutes, and hours.

Mutation and recombination, the two fundamental biological processes that give rise to all heritable variations, are the foundation of molecular clocks. Mutations are modifications to the genetic code of DNA, for as when the nucleotide Guanine (G) turns to Thymine (T).

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The complete sentence is "The heart is the central organ in the circulatory system. It has four chambers".

The heart, which pumps blood throughout the body, is an essential part of the circulatory system. It is commonly referred to as the "central pump" or the "central organ" of the circulatory system due to its crucial role in maintaining blood circulation.

The heart, a muscular organ, is located in the chest cavity and leans slightly to the left. Two top chambers, known as atria, and two bottom chambers, known as ventricles, make up the heart.

Thus, the complete sentence is "The heart is the central organ in the circulatory system. It has four chambers".

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The relationship between the caterpillars and milkweed is characterized by - for the milkweed and + for the caterpillar

The monarch butterfly can only survive if it feeds on milkweed during its whole life cycle. Because monarch butterfly larvae, also known as caterpillars, can only feed on milkweed, this species of butterfly is also known as the "milkweed butterfly."The female monarch butterfly lay her eggs on the bottom of the milkweed leaves, which will offer the developing larvae protection as they grow. The big leaves function similarly to umbrellas, protecting the eggs from the excessive heat of the summer sun and providing cover from the heavy downpours. In addition, the leaves provide a wonderful place to conceal oneself from any predators that might be interested in eating the eggs before the larva hatches. As soon as the eggs hatch, the larvae will begin to feed on the leaves of the milkweed plants. For the first few days of their lives, they will consume food continuously, day and night. The milkweed provides the young caterpillars with more than just food while they develop. Milkweed offers a one-of-a-kind defence against predators to both the monarch butterfly larvae and the adult butterflies. The larvae consume a significant proportion of the milkweed plant's dangerous compounds since the milkweed plant itself contains poisonous elements. As a result, the monarch butterfly themselves become poisonous.

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True, Immature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow.

What are immature B lymphocytes? How does it undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow?

In the bone marrow and thymus, lymphocytes are born. The names of T cells and B cells come from the organs in which they are born. T cells form in the thymus, whereas B cells form in the bone marrow of adults or the liver of fetuses in mammals.

Most mammals' bone marrow is where immature B lymphocytes are made. The B cell will die via apoptosis, also known as a clonal deletion if it fails at any stage of the maturation process. Positive selection is used in this situation. Negative selection is also used to check the autoreactivity of B cells. These B cells will perish through clonal deletion if they have a high affinity for attaching to self-antigens. In the bone marrow, immature B cells that bind self-antigen perish because they are highly susceptible to antigen binding.

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Most skeletal muscles contain connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.

Skeletal muscle can be defined as the type of muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeletal system which helps in body movement.

These skeletal muscles are made up of the following:

Therefore, these contents of the muscle helps in the contraction and relaxation of the muscle fibres.

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Numerous antiepileptic medications, such phenytoin, have been designed to block voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) in neuronal membrane. In addition, multiple toxins and pharmacological modulators work by attaching to various biophysical states of the VGSC to cause their effects.  Depending on how modulatory agents act, some VGSC states are stabilized or destabilized, altering the channel's biophysical properties. The first anticonvulsant to successfully treat epileptic disorders without causing undesirable side effects such as brain drowsiness was phenytoin.

Phenytoin has been indicated to block high-frequency neuronal activity potentials from the inner vestibule of the pore, as demonstrated by electrophysiological research and site-directed mutation.

Frequency and voltage both affect phenytoin binding.

There are theories that phenytoin interferes with the late sodium current that sustains depolarizations in epilepsy by blocking non-inactivated channels.

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Populations in H-W equilibrium have the same allelic and genotypic frequencies generation after generation. f(Sb) = p = 0.626. f(Sb+) = q = 0.374. F(SbSb+) = 2pq = 0.468

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a theory that states that, assuming a diallelic gene,

⇒ The allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q.

• The frequency of the dominant allele p(X) is p

• The frequency of the recessive allele p(x) is q

⇒ The genotypic frequencies after one generation are

• p² (Homozygous dominant genotypic frequency),

• 2pq (Heterozygous genotypic frequency),

• q² (Homozygous recessive genotypic frequency).

Allelic and genotypic frequencies remain the same through generations in a population that is in H-W equilibrium.

The addition of the allelic frequencies equals 1

p + q = 1.

The sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

In the exposed example,

First, we will get the frequencies.

To do it, we will use the number of individuals. These values will tell us about phenotypic frequencies,

Phenotypic frequency

Now, we will use the frequency of the recessive phenotype to get its genotypic and allelic frequencies.

F(Sb+Sb+) = q² = 137/973 = 0.14 ⇒ Recessive Genotypic frequency

f(Sb+) = q = √0.14 = 0.374 ⇒ Recessive Allelic frequency

Now, Since this population is in H-W equilibrium, we will use q (recessive allelic frequency) to get the dominant allelic frequency and the dominant genotypic frequency. To do it, we will clear the following equation,

p + q = 1

p + 0.374 = 1

p = 1 - 0.374

p = 0.626 ⇒ Dominant Allelic frequency

F( SbSb) = p² = 0.626² = 0.392 ⇒ Dominant Genotypic frequency

Finally, we will get the heterozygous frequency. There are two options,

F(SbSb + SbSb+) - F(SbSb) = 0.86 - 0.392 = 0.468

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

0.392 + 2pq + 0.14 = 1

2pq = 1 - 0.392 - 0.14

2pq = 0.468

Answers:

- f(Sb) = p = 0.626 ⇒ Dominant Allelic frequency

- f(Sb+) = q = 0.374 ⇒ Recessive Allelic frequency

- F(SbSb+) = 2pq = 0.468 ⇒ Heterozygous frequency

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Transition fossils show the presence of leglike structures, pointing to the possibility that the ancestors of whale and dolphins once lived on land.

What is evidence that whales evolved from land mammals?

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Answer:

Exothermic reactions may decrease the temperature of the surroundings.

Explanation:

Endothermic reactions take in heat from the environment, so they may decrease the temperature of the surroundings.

Answer:

The first basic evidence is the clear resemblence of ornitosaurian dinosaurs with mordern day birds . Their feet , front limbs and even their skull structure matches with mordern day eagles and falcons . The second evidence is the fossil evidence that shows signs of feathers on theropods from raptors to large theropods like the T-rex .

Explanation:

Fossil Evidence would support the hypothesis that birds evolved from dinosaurs. By the help of fossil evidence from skeletons, eggs and soft tissue.

That evidence of organisms that have existed into the form of fossils.The organism such as tracks or feces or they may part of the organism.The evidence of bacteria , animals, and plants that lived in the past.Evidence used to determine the organism was , when it lived and what major events it experienced during lifetime.

Fossil's have preserved in many different kinds of materials. Many types of fossils evidence are publicly available for viewing at natural science museum.some fossils provide evidence of organisms that no longer exist.

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The label match up are:

Part of the nephron are:

Component of Renal vasculature are:

The nephron is known to be a form of a structural and functional component of the kidney.

It functions as it helps one to be able to monitor or regulates the amount of concentration of water and minerals .

Note that in the case above, The label match up are:

Part of the nephron are:

Component of Renal vasculature are:

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