Which of the following changes to Afro-Eurasian intercultural exchanges occurred in the 13th and 14th centuries as a result of Constantinople’s weakening and the Mongols’ consolidating caravan routes?

Refer to the two passages.

Source 1

"Christendom had recovered from . . . when the Tartar cataclysm had threatened to engulf it. The Tartars themselves were already becoming an object of curiosity rather than of fear. . . . The frail Latin throne in Constantinople was still standing, but tottering to its fall. The successors of the Crusaders still held the Coast of Syria. . . . The jealousies of the commercial republics of Italy were daily waxing greater. The position of Genoese trade on the coasts of the Aegean was greatly depressed . . . Venice had acquired [power there by expelling] the Greek Emperors. . . . But Genoa was biding her time for an early revenge, and year by year her naval strength and skill were increasing. Both these republics held possessions and establishments in the ports of Syria. . . . Alexandria was still largely frequented in the intervals of war as the great emporium of Indian wares, but the facilities afforded by the Mongol conquerors who now held the whole tract from the Persian Gulf to the shores of the Caspian and of the Black Sea, or nearly so, were beginning to give a great advantage to the caravan routes.”

Henri Cordier’s annotated translation of The Travels of Marco Polo, 1920

Source 2

"Throughout the twelfth century there were many signs that the European intelligence was recovering courage and leisure, and preparing to take up again the intellectual enterprises of the first Greek scientific enquiries and such speculations as those of the Italian Lucretius. The causes of this revival were many and complex. The suppression of private war, the higher standards of comfort and security that followed the crusades, and the stimulation of men’s minds by the experiences of these expeditions were no doubt necessary preliminary conditions. Trade was reviving; cities were recovering ease and safety; the standard of education was arising in the church and spreading among laymen. The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries were a period of growing, independent or quasi-independent cities; Venice, Florence, Genoa, Lisbon, Paris, Bruges, London, Antwerp, Hamburg, Nuremberg, Novgorod, Wisby and Bergen for example. They were all trading cities with many travellers, and where men trade and travel they talk and think. The polemics of the Popes and princes . . . were exciting men to doubt the authority of the church. . . .

The Arabs [began] restoring Aristotle to Europe, and . . . [European princes like] Frederick II acted as a channel through which Arabic philosophy and science played upon the renascent European mind.”

H. G. Wells, A Short History of the World, 1922

a) Greek city-states along the Aegean coast experienced a renaissance in art and culture.

b) Arab cities lost their status as the purveyors of art and scholarship.

c) European cities became centers of cultural rebirth and artistic expression.

d) Tartar trade centers experienced a cataclysmic decline that stifled their cultural ingenuity.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A boiii

Explanation:

hundred percent

Answer 2

Answer:

c) European cities became centers of cultural rebirth and artistic expression.

Explanation:


Related Questions

Which of the following was a source of tension between English colonists and Native Americans?

Answers

Answer:

The biggest source of conflict between Native Americans and European settlers was the issue of land ownership and land use. Europeans felt land should be privately owned, while Native Americans believed land should by owned and used by everyone.

Explanation:

From the options, a chief source of conflict between the two groups was Native Americans and colonists often competed over the same natural resources.

When English colonists decided to settle in the Americas, they found that there were Native Americans already living there.

They therefore had to compete with the Natives for the resources of the land as both groups depended on these resources for survival. This created tension between the groups and conflict often ensued.

In conclusion, competition over resources was a source of tension.

Find out more about this competition over resources at https://brainly.com/question/14287938.

The environmental conditions listed in the box below best describe which colonial region? • broad, coastal plains and hilly forests • year-round warm climate • rich farmland A. Southern B. New England C. Canadian D. Middle Atlantic

Answers

Answer:

middle colonies

known for their rich farm land which will probably mean the will need to have comfortable climate and forests


The way a survey question is worded can effect how a person answers the questions. We call this

Answers

Answer:

THE ANSWER IS IN THIS IT WONT LET ME TYPE IT ON HERE BUT ITS  ON THERE SORRY BUT HOPE IT HELPS

HAVE A GREAT DAY VOTE FOR BRAINLEIST TOO PLEASE IT WOULD MAKE MY DAY!!  ::D:D:D:D::D

Explanation: article source is h t t p s :  / / w  w w  .  p e w r e s e a r  c h . o r g / m e t h o d s / u - s - s u r v e y - r e s  e a r ch  / q ue s  t io   n n a i r     e   - d e s i g n /

Question order

Once the survey questions are developed, particular attention should be paid to how they are ordered in the questionnaire. The placement of a question can have a greater impact on the result than the particular choice of words used in the question.

When determining the order of questions within the questionnaire, surveyors must be attentive to how questions early in a questionnaire may have unintended effects on how respondents answer subsequent questions. Researchers have demonstrated that the order in which questions are asked can influence how people respond; earlier questions – in particular those directly preceding other questions – can provide context for the questions that follow (these effects are called “order effects”).

One kind of order effect can be seen in responses to open-ended questions. Pew Research surveys generally ask open-ended questions about national problems, opinions about leaders and similar topics near the beginning of the questionnaire. If closed-ended questions that relate to the topic are placed before the open-ended question, respondents are much more likely to mention concepts or considerations raised in those earlier questions when responding to the open-ended question.

For closed-ended opinion questions, there are two main types of order effects: contrast effects, where the order results in greater differences in responses, and assimilation effects, where responses are more similar as a result of their order.

Question order

Once the survey questions are developed, particular attention should be paid to how they are ordered in the questionnaire. The placement of a question can have a greater impact on the result than the particular choice of words used in the question.

When determining the order of questions within the questionnaire, surveyors must be attentive to how questions early in a questionnaire may have unintended effects on how respondents answer subsequent questions. Researchers have demonstrated that the order in which questions are asked can influence how people respond; earlier questions – in particular those directly preceding other questions – can provide context for the questions that follow (these effects are called “order effects”).

One kind of order effect can be seen in responses to open-ended questions. Pew Research surveys generally ask open-ended questions about national problems, opinions about leaders and similar topics near the beginning of the questionnaire. If closed-ended questions that relate to the topic are placed before the open-ended question, respondents are much more likely to mention concepts or considerations raised in those earlier questions when responding to the open-ended question.

For closed-ended opinion questions, there are two main types of order effects: contrast effects, where the order results in greater differences in responses, and assimilation effects, where responses are more similar as a result of their order.

An example of a contrast effect can be seen in a Pew Research Center poll conducted in October 2003 that found that people were more likely to favor allowing gays and lesbians to enter into legal agreements that give them the same rights as married couples when this question was asked after one about whether they favored or opposed allowing gays and lesbians to marry (45% favored legal agreements when asked after the marriage question, but 37% favored legal agreements without the immediate preceding context of a question about gay marriage). Responses to the question about gay marriage, meanwhile, were not significantly affected by its placement before or after the legal agreements question.

are small unmarked stones with sharp edges evidence of early humans? why or why not?

Answers

It depends on the shape of the stones. If the stones are in the shape of an arrowhead, then yes, they are evidence of early humans. If not, it could be just a piece of broken rock.

16
1. Robber baron is a sarcastic term used for a powerful business man in 19th century
A
American Business man
B British Businessman
C French Dusinessman
DNone of the Above

Answers

Answer:

A. American Businessmen

Explanation:

Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller were famous robber barons. They are called this because they were often considere ruthless and unethical. For instance, they would buy out their competition.

the service to India mail service to the _________ to suffer​

Answers

viability? A look at today’s India Post offers some insights. First founded under British colonial rule 150 years ago, India Post connects India’s people through a network of more than 150,000 post offices. More than 80 percent of these post offices are in rural areas, where residents primarily depend on postal services to communicate with the outside world. In India’s urban areas, however, middle class consumers have options. They also rely on the professional services of private couriers or the Internet. [poll id=36] India Post has shown consistent losses. In recent years, private-sector competitors have siphoned off revenue, and costs have risen dramatically. Not surprisingly, given its financial difficulties, India Post’s widespread rural presence has drawn a lot of criticism. The Indian Government subsidizes more than half the cost of rural post offices, but they are still unprofitable. Critics argue that many are unnecessary and should be closed. Another common prescription for India Post’s losses is privatization. Proponents believe that privatization would improve the quality of services. To improve its financial condition, India Post is experimenting with options such as providing investment and emailing services to customers in rural areas. It already runs the largest savings bank, with a customer base of more than 170 million people. Rural and urban post offices also offer a variety of insurance products. Another initiative is micro-finance. In some rural areas, India Post offers loans to small businesses that may be denied credit by mainstream banks. Many of these services have helped offset India Post’s losses while at the same time providing financial services in deprived areas. There is hope for India Post’s future profitability. India has experienced phenomenal economic growth in recent years, and as a result, there is great potential for growth in postal services. To capitalize on the opportunities of India’s economic progress, India Post is trying to cater to the demands of the growing business sector by providing international money transfers and other services. In urban areas, India Post is exploring providing access to ATMs and non-postal retail services like train and bus reservations. India Post could also consider expanding these types of services to rural areas. The rural population would greatly benefit from these and other services such as faxes and electronic money orders. There are many options for India Post to leverage its network. By improving its infrastructure, technology, and customer service, India Post can continue its important role in India’s economy. What kind of a business model should India Post adopt? Do you think India Post’s experience providing universal service has any lessons for the United States Postal Service? This blog is hosted by the OIG's Risk Analysis Research Center (RARC).

Will give Brainest if right
How did the 1803 ruling in Marbury v. Madison affect the balance of power in the federal government?

It made the executive branch stronger than the other branches.
It gave the executive branch a way to check the power of the Supreme Court.
It gave the judicial branch a way to check the power of Congress.
It made the judicial branch stronger than the other branches

Answers

Answer:

It gave the judicial branch a way to check the power of Congress.

Explanation:

Will give Brainest if right
How did the 1803 ruling in Marbury v. Madison affect the balance of power in the federal government?


It gave the judicial branch a way to check the power of Congress.

Read this excerpt from an op-ed in the Daily Times:
Light-rail systems have been tried all over the country, and
they've failed. Although the people who support them have
noble intentions, sadly, the system the city proposes is
doomed to fail as well. People simply enjoy their cars too
much to endure any inconvenience for the sake of the
environment. And I don't blame them. As the owner of
Jake's Used Cars and Trucks, I have seen the joy and
freedom car ownership brings people. Americans will
never abandon that feeling for the sake of being slightly
better citizens. I believe it is far more responsible to
purchase a high-quality car with good fuel efficiency.
Building an entire light-rail system from the ground up, as
the city proposes to do, will be more wasteful in the end if
nobody uses it - not to mention that it will take years to
build and cost taxpayers millions of dollars. I encourage all
city residents to vote against the light-rail system on May
1.
Which statement best describes the author's point of view?

Answers

Answer: A. The author is opposed to the light-rail project. (Apex)

Full questions A-D listed:

A. The author is opposed to the light-rail project.

B. The author would like the city to implement its project successfully.

C. The author thinks Americans should be more environmentally responsible.

D. The author wants citizens to visit his car dealership.

or

The statement that best describes the context of the excerpt is the one that says that the city has put a light-rail proposal on a ballot for citizens to vote on. In fact, the excerpt belongs to a speech opposing the proposal of the light-rail, in which the owner of a car dealership details the negative aspects of the project, trying to convince voters to vote negatively on the proposal.

plz answer !!!!
help me please

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

who controls the congressional election process?​

Answers

Answer: Whenever a state enacts a law relating to a congressional election, it is exercising power under the Elections Clause; states do not have any inherent authority to enact such measures. Although the Elections Clause makes states primarily responsible for regulating congressional elections, it vests ultimate power in Congress.

Explanation:

Hammurabi is remembered for?

Answers

Hammurabi is remembered for the laws he justified, called the Code of Hammurabi. One of these laws is a well known law called an Eye for an Eye.

For instance, if you cut someone's arm, they got to cut your arm.

For his code. Hammurabi code

What kind of state should be referred to as a republic according to rousseau

Answers

Answer:

the state that is governed by laws because the laws are the conditions of civil association

__________ are certain beviors that violate socially acceptable behaviors but may not cause harm to others. A. Moral transgressions B. Conventional transgressions C. Display rules D. Universal moral rules

Answers

Answer:

Hey Neien, the answer is  B.(Conventional Transgressions)

Explanation:

Im 100% positive :p, anyway I hope I helped you and have a nice day

The behaviors that violate socially acceptable behaviors but may not cause harm to others are called conventional transgressions.

What are the conventional transgressions?

Conventional transgressions are defined by their consequences for the social order. Children and adults generally have moral transgressions that are more serious than conventional transgressions. For example, talking in class, dressing in opposite clothes.

From the above assertion, it is clear that option B, conventional transgressions, is the correct answer.

Learn more about Conventional transgressions, refer to:

https://brainly.com/question/16970671

For which of the following major world events was the spread of diseases a negative effect

Answers

Answer:

These are the answer choices for the question:

A. the technological revolution

B. the mapping of the European world

C. the Columbian Exchange

D. the Reformation

Explanation:

The Columbia Exchange started with the arrival of Columbus in the Lesser Antilles in 1492. From this moment on, other Spanish and Portuguese explorerse and conquistadors arrived and explored almost the totality of the American Continent.

Unfortunately for Native Americans, Europeans carried diseases for which they did not have antibodies, diseases like measles, smallpox, or syphillis. These diseases spread quickly to Native Americans, and the vast majority of them (up to 90%) died from them.

Most of the major cities pictured in the map are located where they are because of which of the following?

The trading caravans used the Nile to travel to markets in Lake Nasser.
Water features make mining easier than farming.
The only source of water in the country is along the Nile River.
The flooding of the Nile River deposited silt that made good farmland.

Answers

Answer:

D is the most correct answer

Explanation:

I took world history

Which class was the highest social class in Mesopotamian societies?
lower class
priests
enslaved people
upper class

Answers

Answer:

priests

Explanation:

i took this test

Answer:

B

Explanation:

What made cars more affordable in the 1920s

Answers

Answer: For many middle-class Americans, the 1920s was a decade of unprecedented prosperity. Rising earnings generated more disposable income for the purchase of consumer goods. Henry Ford's advances in assembly-line efficiency created a truly affordable automobile, making car ownership a possibility for many Americans.

Explanation: Hopefully this helped!

what is the meaning of recreation and leisure

Answers

Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. ... Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun".

Identify the major elements of both the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.​

Answers

Answer:

The major elements of both the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 is explained below in details.

Explanation:

The Compromise of 1850 was an arrangement made in 1850 between the Southern and Northern states that made a provisional resolution to the problem of slavery.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a law legislated in 1854 that acknowledged popular sovereignty, indicating Kansas and Nebraska could choose on whether or not to have slavery.

Which statement best summarizes the evolution of free speech in the United
States during the 20th century?
A. Symbolic speech became increasingly restricted.
O B. The clear and present danger test was reinforced as the standard
for evaluating free speech.
O C. The government eventually ended all limits on free speech.
O D. The government moved away from regulating inflammatory
speech

Answers

it's D

Explanation:

i just took the test

Answer:

The answer is D

Explanation:

I did the test

Which number on the map represents the Amazon River?
es

Answers

Answer:

it is at the letter D

Do you think Martin Luther wanted religious or political rights for all people? Why?​

Answers

I believe religious because he was for people. Not politics

the words predator and prey often refer to animals. When you see the word predatory, what animal comes to mind? Who might be the prey in a predatory pricing scheme?

Answers

When thinking of a Predator in animal form Lions and Tigers come to mind and thinking about Prey in animal form Rabbits and Mice come to mind.

When you see the bird "predatory", the animals that come to your mind are lions, tigers, sharks, etc. The animals that might be the prey in this predatory pricing scheme are rabbits, goats, deer, small fishes, etc.

What do you mean by Predator?

A Predator may be defined as a type of animal that derives its energy by performing an act of killing and hunting other animals. These animals are mostly carnivores in nature.

According to the context of this question, the prey-predator relationship is a type of negative interaction in which one organism gets benefitted while the other is harmed. The body association time is generally less with high chances of lethality. The size of the consumer as compared to resources is small or large.

Therefore, the mechanism of the prey-predator relationship is well described above with examples.

To learn more about Prey and predators, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/24537210

#SPJ2

The members of the House of Representatives are elected from districts which are decided according to ________.

Answers

Answer:

population of the state

Answer:

behavior

Explanation:

Someone can tell me the meaning of “But race is the child of the racism, not the father”

Answers

Answer:

"There wouldn't be races if there wasn't racism."

Which statement about the early relations between european settlers and American indians is most likely true?

Answers

I believe your answer is: The settlers cooperated with the American Indians because they needed the American Indians’ help to survive.
(This didn't last for very long, but it was good while it worked at first.)
Voila! I hope that helped :D

A. The settlers cooperated with the American Indians because they needed the American Indians’ help to survive.

what group first settled in Massechusetts

Answers

Answer:

I believe it was the pilgrims.

Explanation:

The pilgrims were the first group to settle in Massachusetts.

What were sumptuary laws

Answers

Answer:

Sumptuary laws are laws that try to regulate consumption. Black's Law Dictionary defines them as "Laws made for the purpose of restraining luxury or extravagance, particularly against inordinate expenditures for apparel, food, furniture, etc.

Explanation:

. The first Sumerian kings were probably
ОА.
war heroes.
O.
B.
farmers.
O c. English

Answers

Answer:

The first Sumerian kings were probably war heroes. Although most Sumerians were farmers, many made metal, cloth, and pottery because they were skilled artisans.

Explanation:

How did nationalism transform the identities of Africans?

Answers

Answer:

The ideology emerged under European colonial rule during the 19th and 20th centuries and was loosely inspired by nationalist ideas from Europe.[2] Originally, African nationalism was based on demands for self-determination and played an important role in forcing the process of decolonisation of Africa (c. 1957–66). However, the term refers to a broad range of different ideological and political movements and should not be confused with Pan-Africanism which may seek the federation of several or all nation states in Africa.

Explanation:

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