Glutamate is considered the major excitatory neurotransmitter.
Mechanism of action:
The neurons use neurotransmitters to interact with one other and their target tissues during the synaptic transmission process (neurotransmission). Nerve endings synthesise neurotransmitters, which are then released from them into the synaptic cleft. From there, receptor proteins in the cellular membrane of the target tissue bind to neurotransmitters. As a result, the target tissue is stimulated, blocked, or otherwise functionally altered.
More than 40 neurotransmitters found in the human neurological system, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, serotonin, and histamine are some of the most significant.
Major excitatory neurotransmitter are
Acetylcholine and Glutamate (ACh) Histamine Dopamine (DA) Noradrenaline (NAd), also known as norepinephrine (NE), Adrenaline (Ad), also known as (Epi)To know more about neurotransmitter click here
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What is/are the function(s) of the cell cycle? dna replication development of positive mutations prevention of cancer growth, repair, and reproduction of cells
The function of the cell cycle is the growth, repair and reproduction of cells.
The process through which a cell goes through its phases of growth and division is referred to as the cell cycle. During the majority of its existence, a cell is said to be in a state known as interphase. It is during this phase that the cell develops, copies its chromosomes, and gets ready to divide. Following this, the cell exits interphase, starts the process of mitosis, and finishes its division. The new cells that are produced are referred to as daughter cells, and each of them will experience its own unique interphase before beginning a new cycle of the cell cycle. The cell cycle helps the cells to undergo growth and division. In case of any damage, the cell cycle contributes to the repair mechanism of the cells.
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Answer:
D. growth, repair, and reproduction of cells
Explanation:
edg 2022
To give birth to her infant, a woman is asked to push with contractions. which pushing technique is the most effective and safest?
While giving birth to her infant during labor, the safest and the most effective pushing technique taught to a woman during contractions is grasping knees, head elevated and breathing out.
During labor, it is very important for the mother to keep breathing. If she holds her breath, it will put pressure on the vena cava and lead to a reduction in the blood return. The head is kept elevated and the back is rounded which aids the abdominal muscles to help the uterus to push the baby out. Grasping the knees also helps in pushing and encouraging the movement of the infant outside the body.
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An indirect method of estimating bacterial numbers is based on the turbidity of the sample. a ________ can be used to determine the turbidity by measuring absorbance.
A spectrophotometer can be used to determine the turbidity by measuring absorbance.
What is absorbance?The term absorbance has to do with the amount of light that can be taken in by a sample which can be used as a measure of concentration of of the bacterial numbers in a sample.
The absorbance can only be measured by the use of a spectrophotometer. Hence, a spectrophotometer can be used to determine the turbidity by measuring absorbance.
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Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by drinking soda with caffeine in it?
The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine changes in the development of the urine caffeine content within each sport. Due to the non-normal distribution of the urine caffeine levels, non-parametric statistics were later used. Crosstab and Chi-Square tests, along with adjusted normalised residuals, were used to examine the variations in sample distribution among ranges of urine caffeine content.
One amongst the most popular drugs used by athletes to improve their performance in competition is caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine).
Evidence suggests that a variety of administration methods, including capsules/tablets, caffeinated drinks (such as energy drinks and sports drinks), liquids (such as coffee), and chewing gum, can be used to receive caffeine performance-enhancing characteristics.
However, due to the widespread availability of these goods on the market, caffeinated beverages have taken over as the primary method of caffeine administration in sports.
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WWhat evidence was discovered by Vines and Matthews that supported Wegener's and Hess's theories?
A. A small gap along an undersea cliff that widened by 2 centimeters a year. The cliff was located on a suspected plate boundary.
B. Magnetic variations on either side of mid-ocean ridges that indicated the seafloor was spreading from that point.
C. Undersea volcanoes that produce new seafloor material from cooled magma.
D. All of thesehich changing system is responsible for the shapes and positions of the continents
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Vine and Matthews noticed there was a symmetrical pattern of magnetic stripes on either side of the mid ocean ridges. In addition when the basalts of the sea floor were dated, they were found to be the same age at similar distances away from the ridge on each side.
The hormone ______, which is secreted by the adrenal cortex, causes the kidney to conserve ________ ions and excrete ________ ions and indirectly helps to maintain systemic blood pressure.
The hormone adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). which is secreted by the adrenal cortex, causes the kidney to conserve sodium ions and excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps to maintain systemic blood pressure.
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical messangers or substances which are produced by the body and released to the sites where they are needed in the body.
They are substances produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity.
So therefore, the hormone adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). which is secreted by the adrenal cortex, causes the kidney to conserve sodium ions and excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps to maintain systemic blood pressure.
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The base composition of an RNA virus was analyzed and found to be 17% A, 33% U, 19% G, and 31% C. Do you think the viral genetic material is single-stranded RNA or double-stranded RNA
single stranded
What is RNA virus?Deoxyribose and ribose, respectively, are the names of the pentose sugars found in DNA and RNA. The presence of the hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon of ribose and its lack on the 2' carbon of deoxyribose distinguishes the sugars.While the sugar used to construct both DNA and RNA is named deoxyribose (left in the image), the sugar used to construct RNA is simply referred to as ribose.Ribose, a 5-carbon sugar, is present in RNA, whereas deoxyribose, a 5-carbon sugar, is present in DNA. Both kinds of sugar are crucial parts of nucleotides. Pentose sugars, which are a component of DNA, can be found in nucleic acid.
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Answer the question as a CER (Claim, Evidence, Reason.)
Question: Which animal or plant should be protected from hunting or gathering in order to keep the healthiest ecosystem?
https://www.learner.org/wp-content/interactive/envsci/ecology/ecology.html
Key stone species should be protected from hunting or gathering in order to keep the healthiest ecosystem. One illustration of a keystone species in North America is the American Beaver (Castor canadensis).
Claim: Some species are essential to the survival of the other species in the ecosystem in every environment.
Reason: A large predator or a little plant could be the keystone species, but without them the ecosystem might not exist. If a keystone species vanished, some ecosystems might not be able to adjust to environmental changes.
Evidence: Often, it takes the extinction of a keystone species for the importance of that species in an ecosystem to be fully understood. Robert Paine, an ecologist who popularised the phrase "keystone species" in the 1960s, discovered the significance of such species while researching starfish along Washington state's rugged Pacific coast.
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Use what you know about the effect of heat on gases to explain why, the gases came out of the leaf when it was put into warm water.
Answer:This is due to the fact that the air in the leaf's air spaces expands and escapes through the lead epidermis's stomata.
Explanation:
This happens because when leaf are submerged it is using light to continue process of photosynthesis, this process includes the release of oxygen that we see in bubble format .
What is photosynthesis?When the leaf is put in warm water it is using light to continue the process of photosynthesis. Part of this process is to let oxygen out of the leaves. It is this oxygen that you are seeing as bubbles in the water.
Which part of the leaf the gas came from?The only way for gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf is though small openings on the underside of the leaf, the stomata.
Therefore, it can be understood that this happens because when leaf are submerged it is using light to continue process of photosynthesis, this process includes the release of oxygen that we see in bubble format .
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What is a sequence of dna nucleotides that holds the instructions to make a protein?
There are four naturally occurring nitrogenous bases, there are four different types of DNA nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). This sequence is broken into a series of three-nucleotide units known as codons. Each DNA sequence that contains instructions to make a protein is known as a gene.
Sequencing DNA means determining the order of the four chemical building blocks - called "bases" - that make up the DNA molecule. The sequence tells scientists the kind of genetic information that is carried in a particular DNA segment.
DNA sequencing was built upon earlier knowledge of DNA polymerases and cell-free systems for replicating DNA. The chain-termination method, which makes clever use of a "defective" DNA nucleotide, now dominates DNA sequencing technology.
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An environment that has all the things that. Particular plant or animal need in order to live
An environment that has all the things that particular plant or animal need in order to live is referred to as habitat.
What is Habitat?This is an area where an organism lives and comprises of resources and factors which supports its survival.
Food, light etc are part of the resources in which a habitat has which ensures appropriate growth and reproduction of species.
The complete question is:
___ is an environment that has all the things that plant or animal need in order to live.
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The right atrium is the receiving chamber for
the _______.
The left atrium is the receiving chamber for the ______.
A. body; lungs
B. lungs; body
C. kidneys; pancreas
D. pancreas; kidneys
Answer:
A. body; lungs
which occurence is defined as the deep disruption of the corneal epithelium that extends into the stromal layer
Corneal ulceration is the deep disruption of the corneal epithelium that extends into the stromal layer.
What is corneal ulceration?A corneal ulcer is an open sore on your cornea. It is an inflammation of the outermost layer of the eye that goes through Bowman's layer into the deeper layers of the cornea.Corneal ulcers can occur from direct injury to the eye, or from a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.Symptoms include eye redness, eye pain, excessive tearing, sensation of a foreign body in the eye, and worsening or blurry vision.Corneal ulcers can threaten the patient's vision so it is an emergency condition requiring aggressive treatment and evaluation by a specialist.Trauma to the eye can cause a corneal abrasion or an ulcer. Abrasions are from superficial scrapes. Ulcers are from deeper gouges.Learn more about cornea here:
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During the overhead squat assessment, which of the following muscles may likely be overactive (tight) if the arms fall forward? Latissimus dorsi Teres minor Erector spinae Subscapularis
During the overhead squat assessment, Latissimus dorsi Teres minor muscles may likely be overactive (tight) if the arms fall forward. Latissimus dorsi teres minor is the overactive muscle during the overhead squat assessment.
Over head squat is practicing mainly in sports for the alignment of total body structure with flexibility by controlling the neuromuscular.The arms falling in the upper extremity of the body where Latissimus dorsi teres minor muscle is present.Erector spinae subscapularis is present in lower extremity of the body such as LPHC (Lumbar, pelvis and diaphragm).Learn more about overhead squat on
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Once the blood pressure cuff and stethoscope are in place, the next step is to quickly inflate the cuff pressure to __________ above the first Korotkoff sound.
Answer:
Its right answer is systolic pressure.
Hop its helpful!
Once the blood pressure cuff and stethoscope are in place, the next step is to quickly inflate the cuff pressure to 30mmHg above the first Korotkoff sound.
When a blood pressure cuff modifies the blood flow via the artery, Korotkoff noises are produced. The lower arm is being supported by the chair as the relaxed figure sits there. The subject's right arm is used to put the blood pressure cuff. The diaphragm is positioned over the brachial artery.
And the cuff pressure is swiftly raised to a level that is approximately 30 mm Hg higher than the systolic pressure as established by the palpation technique. The air is then released from the cuff .At some time, the stethoscope user will start to hear sounds with each heartbeat. The systolic pressure is indicated here.
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two kingdom system of classification is less scientific than 5 kingdom system.WHy?
Two kingdom system of classification is less scientific than 5 kingdom system because it takes into consideration the use of more parameters.
What is Classification?This is the process in which organisms are grouped into broad categories as a result of shared similarities present between them.
The five system of classification ensures that unicellular and multicellular organisms are placed separately. Autotrophs and heterotrophs are also placed in an entirely different category unlike the two system of classification which offers small categories.
This therefore makes the two kingdom system of classification is less scientific than five kingdom system.
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Cindy collects 20 insects for her biology class, all of which are spiders, dragonflies, and cicadas. (Note that a spider has 8 legs and no wings, a dragonfly has 6 legs and 4 wings, and a cicada has 6 legs and 2 wings.) She counts 138 legs and 36 wings altogether. How many cicadas does Cindy collect in total
Cindy collects 4 cicadas in total.
Let,
D represent the number of dragonflies
C represent the number of cicadas
S represent the number of spiders
Since the total number of insects is 20:
Equation 1
D+C+S=20
A spider has 8 legs, a dragonfly has 6 legs, and a cicada has 6 legs. Since the total number of legs is 138:
Equation 2
6D+6C+8S=138
A spider has 0 wings, a dragonfly has 4 wings, and a cicada has 2 wings. Since the total number of wings is 36:
Equation 3
4D+2C+0S=36
Multiplying equation 1 with 6 and subtracting it from equation 2:
6D+6C+8S-6(D+C+S)=138-6(20)
2S=18
S=9
Multiplying equation 1 with 4 and subtracting it from equation 3:
4D+2C+0S-4(D+C+S)=36-4(20)
-2C-4S=-44
Substituting S with 9:
-2C-4(9)=-44
-2C=-8
C=4
Thus, Cindy collects 4 cicadas in total.
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A youthful appearing patron presents an expired id and wants to purchase alcohol. based on best practices, what should the server do?
The server should politely tell him that he can not be served alcohol.
What should the server do?Alcohol is known to be able to affect both the mood and the psyche of the person that is consuming it. As such, care needs to be take regarding the individuals that have access to alcohol.
If the server is confronted with youthful appearing patron presents an expired id and wants to purchase alcohol, the server should politely tell him that he can not be served alcohol.
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A hypothesis is an educated guess based upon observation. It is an explanation of a single event based upon what is observed. A hypothesis has not been proved but can be supported by experimentation.
a) Suppose that out of 10 trees planted in a yard, only five survived. What kind of hypothesis could you make about this observation or event? Remember that a hypothesis needs to have a certain format. (2 points)
b)How could you test this hypothesis? What type of experiment could you perform? (2 points)
c) How would this hypothesis be different from a scientific law? Review the definitions of law and hypothesis to help you. (2 points)
A hypothesis is an experimental based on scientific observation and has explanation
A hypothesis differs from scientific law because it is highly induces tentative explanation based on observation while a scientific law is a statement that summarizes the relationship between different variables.
What is hypothesis?Hypothesis is proposed explanation for a particular observation.
So therefore, a hypothesis is an experimental based on scientific observation and has explanation
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A moderate-intensity activity lasting for which duration uses the aerobic system?
A moderate-intensity activity lasting for which duration uses the aerobic system is called Lactic Acid System.
What is the purpose of the Lactic Acid System?
The anaerobic lactic short-term (lactic acid, no oxygen) system starts to provide more energy to power the muscle.
Blood glucose and muscle glycogen reserves serve as the system's fuel sources. This mechanism also generates lactic acid as a byproduct in addition to energy (ATP).
What is Aerobic system?
The aerobic energy system refers to the oxygen-aided burning of lipids and carbohydrates.
The quantity of energy that may be expended during a single bout of vigorous exercise restricts the anaerobic pathways' ability to regenerate ATP at high rates.
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Molecules that absorb light energy are called
Molecules that absorb light energy are called pigment.
What is pigment?A chemical that can be found in animal or plant tissue and gives off a distinctive color, such hemoglobin in red blood or chlorophyll in green plants. any chemical that adds color.Chlorophylls are plant pigments that give plants their characteristic green hue. They are also the molecules in charge of the photosynthesis process, which converts light energy into chemical energy. Chlorophylls aid in blood oxygenation and thus aid in the body's detoxification.Chemical compounds known as pigments display visible light wavelengths, giving them their colorful appearance. A certain form of pigment is present in plants, flowers, algae, some photosynthetic bacteria, and even the skin of animals. This pigment provides color and has the capacity to absorb some wavelengths.
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Shugoshin protects the cohesins on the sister chromatids in meiosis during metaphase i. a. True b. False
Answer:
B. False
Explanation:
A hiatal hernia is a protrusion of a portion of the _____ through the ______. Group of answer choices stomach; diaphragm duodenum; pyloric sphincter small intestine; inguinal canal rectum; anus
A hiatal hernia is a protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm.
Hiatal hernia is a condition which arises due to a rise in blood pressure. In this condition the stomach bulges up through an opening in the diaphragm. This condition interjects with the normal mechanism of reflux that occurs through the sphincter, which is present in the esophagus. This condition usually occurs when there is excessive pressure around the stomach due to activities like repeated vomiting. This condition is usually not fatal, however, in rare and serious cases this condition can effect the esophagus and cause esophageal cancer. This condition can also lead to leakage of stomach acids and cause ulcers in the alimentary canal. In serious cases of hiatal hernia the blood flow to and from the intestine can also be effected. Serious cases need surgical treatment.
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Axons of the spinal nerve that innervate the ventrolateral body surface, structures of the body wall, and limbs make up the
Axons of the spinal nerve that innervate the ventrolateral body surface, structures of the body wall, and limbs make up the Ventral ramus.
The anterior portion of a spinal nerve is known as the ventral ramus. Shortly after a spinal nerve exits the intervertebral foramen, it branches into the dorsal ramus, the ventral ramus, and the ramus communicans. These contain information that is both sensory and motor.
The sensory and motor fibres that innervate the muscles, joints, and skin of the lateral and ventral body walls as well as the extremities are carried by the spinal nerves' ventral ramus. They continue to be separate from one another throughout the thoracic region and each innervates a small section of muscle and skin along the sides, chest, ribs, and abdominal wall.
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Individuals displaying symptoms of pain in their arms and legs, fatigue and diffuse joint and bone pain are suffering from a chronic condition known as?
Fibromyalgia syndrome.
Fibromyalgia is the second most common condition affecting your bones and muscles.
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common rheumatoid disorder of the muscles and bones that does not involve the joints. FMS causes pain and fatigue, and people with FMS feel as if their muscles have been pulled or overworked. The condition is often misdiagnosed and misunderstood.
But it does not cause elevated inflammation levels in the bloodstream. It does not cause joint damage and is not organ-threatening. Fibromyalgia is often triggered by a stressful event, including physical stress or emotional (psychological) stress. Possible triggers for the condition include: an injury or a viral infection.
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Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by the body's attempt to restore homeostasis?
Resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by the body's attempt to restore homeostasis.
During the resistance stage, the body tries to counteract the physiological changes that happened during the alarm reaction stage. The resistance stage is governed by a part of the ANS called the parasympathetic.
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) was first proposed by Hans Selye in his classic 1936 letter to the editor of Nature. It's consisting of three stages:- (1) alarm, (2) resistance, and (3) exhaustion.
Its resistance, during which the body adjusts its reaction in an effort to cope with a threat that is still present.
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Which of the following is not a con of solar power?
Select one:
a.
It contributes to global warming.
b.
It requires expensive technology.
c.
It is not available at night.
d.
It is not available when it is cloudy.
It contributes to global warming is not a con of solar power because this type of power does not produce pollution.
What is the disadvantage of solar power?One of the big disadvantages of solar power is that it requires high initial cost of installation because it is an expensive technology. Requires sunny weather to work best which means that it does not work at night. It has low energy conversion rate. Solar panels are fixed at to one location and we can not move it easily from one place to another.
So we can conclude that It contributes to global warming is not a con of solar power because this type of power does not produce pollution.
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This functional group is a nitrogen with two hydrogens attached to it. It is found in proteins and functions as a base.
Amino group
The term "amino acid" refers to an amino acid with an amino group immediately linked to the -carbon. These contain the secondary amines proline and hydroxyproline. They were previously frequently referred to as amino acids, which is incorrect because they lack the imine grouping HN=C. The archaic phrase is still used often.
The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are the chemical compounds that come together to make proteins. These biomolecules are essential for human growth and development and are engaged in a number of biological and chemical processes in the body. In nature, there are around 300 amino acids.
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Which of the following statements might someone use to most support a decision to buy organic produce?
The agricultural demand has caused water shortages in many areas.
The living conditions of livestock have decreased due to overcrowding.
The use of chemicals on crops poses known health risks to humans.
The application of pesticides has had a negative environmental impact.
The use of chemicals on crops poses known health risks to humans. this statement most support a decision to buy organic produce.
The agriculture industry has become more industrialized, which has increased the chemical load on the environment. Agrochemicals known as pesticides are applied to agricultural fields, public health initiatives, and urban green spaces to protect people and plants from numerous diseases. Their side effects, however, can be a significant environmental health risk factor due to their proven capacity to have a wide range of detrimental health and environmental impacts.Produce that is organic uses fewer pesticides.Because organic food lacks preservatives that extend its shelf life, it is frequently fresher.Organic farming typically benefits the environment.Animals kept organically are not fed animal byproducts, growth hormones, or antibiotics.learn more about organic produce here: https://brainly.com/question/14318031
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As autumn approaches, white-tailed deer begin to accumulate a layer of body fat. this is an example of which characteristic of life?
As autumn approaches, white-tailed deer begin to accumulate a layer of body fat. This is an example of response to the environment.
Four different strategies exist for humans to react to environmental stress: adaptation, developmental adjustment, acclimatization, and cultural reactions. A genetically based property known as an adaptation has evolved because it aids living things in surviving and procreating in a certain environment.All living things respond to environmental changes. These reactions may be brought on by adaptability, inheritance, or learning experience. An immediate, involuntary action or deliberate behavior can both be considered responses. A more persistent and slowly increasing form of responsiveness is evolution.
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