Starch, proteins and nucleic acids are broken down by the enzymes during the modification of barley.
Firstly the enzymes break down the wall including the proteins that digests the starch by the process called modification. The main factors that affect enzyme activity are temperature and pH as well as moisture and oxygen. Certain factors are required for the rate of reaction like that if temperature increases, the rate of reaction up to an optimum. This generally varies from enzyme to enzyme. Above that optimum temperature the enzyme is destroyed. Individual enzymes also have variable optimum pH ranges. Optimum pH means that their activity is optimized if there is within this range, and a slight change in pH above and below this range enzymes are inhibited. During the germination stage of malting the formation of many enzymes is promoted. The enzymes are dependent upon the moisture and oxygen content of the barley. In the mash, it is said that Calcium is essential for the stabilization of α-amylase, one of the most important enzymes in the brewing process. When Calcium is present in sufficient amounts the enzyme is stable at above sparging temperatures, only then being finally destroyed in the Copper.
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How do the emergent properties the cells the gastrula direct embryonic development?
Emergent properties, such as the number and type of cells, the distribution of cells throughout the embryo, and the expression of certain proteins, provide the instructions that guide embryonic development.
What do you mean by cells?
Cells are the basic units of life. They are the smallest unit of a living organism that is capable of functioning independently. Cells contain the fundamental molecules of life, such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and they use these molecules to perform essential functions, such as energy production and waste disposal.
The cells of the gastrula establish the basic body plan of the embryo by forming three tissue layers - the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - which will give rise to the organs and systems of the body. The movement of cells within the embryo further directs the development of the body by causing the formation of complex structures, such as the heart and brain. The interactions between cells and the physical environment, such as the size and shape of the embryo, also play a role in determining the final shape of the body. In summary, the emergent properties of the cells of the gastrula provide the instructions for embryonic development, allowing the embryo to grow and develop into a complex organism.
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which muscles aid in extension of the lesser toes?
The extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis, interossei muscles, and lumbrical muscles work together to extend the toes.
Which muscles help the toes extend?The muscles extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis make up the dorsal group. The toes are extended by both muscles. They begin on the superolateral side of the calcaneus and cross the dorsal part of the foot just below the extensor digitorum longus tendons.
The main force for toe extension is what?Long-fingered digit extender. Unipennate muscle, located lateral to the tibialis anterior muscle on the anterolateral side of the leg ACTION: Dorsiflexes the foot and is the main mover of toe extension.
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Classify each scenario according to whether the change in quantity is caused by a shift in the supply curve or movement along the supply curve.1. Amplitude decides to join the smartphone market.2. After discovering that flash-steaming tuna before using mechanical processes to extract meat removes more tuna flesh, more cans of tuna arrive on the shelves at all major grocers.3. Movement along the supply curve:4. Rising wages for construction workers in Toronto result in construction worker moving to Toronto.5. A national consumer product company produces less of it premium quality soap as a result of lower soap prices.6. American sell their gold and silver jewelry as a result of rising prices.
The supply curve would move if the following occurred:
Due to lower soap prices, a national consumer products company produces less of its premium quality soap.Due to rising prices, Americans sell their gold and silver jewellery.The supply curve would shift as a result of the following:
Workers in the construction industry relocate to Toronto due to the city's increasing wages.More tuna cans start showing up on the shelves at all major supermarkets after it was discovered that flash steaming tuna before using mechanical methods to extract meat removes more tuna flesh.Amplitude makes the decision to enter the smartphone industry.The supply curve, which has a positive slope, depicts how supply changes as a function of the good's price. Given all other factors being equal, the quantity supplied increases with increasing product price.
A change in the quantity demanded for a good and a movement along the supply curve could only result from a change in the price of the good.
A shift in the supply curve would be caused by factors other than a change in the good's price. Such elements consist of:
a variation in the production capacitytechnological progressalteration in the price of production-related inputs.Learn more about ‘ supply curve ’ visit here;
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Complete Question:
Classify each scenario according to whether the change in quantity is caused by a shift in the supply curve or movement along the supply curve. Shift of the supply curve Movement along the supply curve
Rising wages for construction workers in Toronto result in construction workers moving to Toronto.
A national consumer products company produces less of its premium quality soap as a result of lower soap prices
After discovering that flash-steaming tuna before using mechanical processes to extract meat removes more tuna flesh, more cans of tuna arrive on the shelves at all major grocers.
Americans sell their gold and silver jewelry as a result of rising prices Amplitude decides to join the smartphone market.
in a centrifuged sample of blood, what makes up the buffy coat?
A percentage of both white brain cells or platelets in a biological sample that has been centrifuged.
What is discovered in the dark grey coat quizlet after blood is centrifuged?What makes up a buffy coat in a blood sample that has been centrifuged? White blood lymphocytes and platelets make up the buffy coat, which is the creamy white region located between both the yellowish cytoplasm and the red erythrocytes. Or less 1% of entire blood is made up of it.
What is in a blood tube that has been centrifuged?Tissue that has been combined with an inhibitor in the collecting tube and has not clotted is used to make plasma. After centrifuging this mixed blood, plasma—which comprises albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen—is produced.
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hi yield turf and ornamental weed and grass stopper. true or false?
Undoubtedly, high yield turf and ornamental weed grass stopper.
How long is weed killer effective?It was decided by consensus that Roundup remains active in the soil for at least six months. The period of time depends on the quantity of Roundup used in a particular area and the environmental factors to which it is continually exposed.
What time of year is ideal for applying weed killer to a lawn?The optimal season for weed killer application is in the spring. This is due to the fact that weeds can sometimes be caught in the early stages of growth, before they have a chance to fully sprout. The benefits of spring's warmth and precipitation include both. Weed killing herbicides must be absorbed from the soil to work.
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what are consumers heterotrophs?
Consumers are organisms that obtain their food by consuming other organisms, either directly or indirectly.
Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food and instead rely on consuming other organisms for their energy and nutrient needs. Consumers are therefore classified as heterotrophs.
There are several types of consumers in ecosystems, including herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores. Herbivores are consumers that primarily eat plants, while carnivores eat other animals. Omnivores eat both plants and animals, and detritivores consume dead organic matter, such as fallen leaves or animal carcasses.
Consumers play an important role in the food chain and the cycling of nutrients in ecosystems. They help regulate the population sizes of other organisms by consuming them, and they also help transfer energy and nutrients from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels.
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What cellular structure do tetrahymena use to swim in their environment?
a. multiple flagella organized at one end of the cell
b. a single flagellum
c. tentacles
d. cilia
e. pseudopodia
Tetrahymena is indeed a genus , free-living, single-celled animals that can move silently by beating their coat of microscopic hairs, or cilia, across ponds.
The function of cilia is what.To carry bacteria and debris up and across the airways, the cilia that line the bronchus inside the lungs act like hair-like projections. Goblet cells, which release mucus to protect the bronchial lining and trap bacteria, are dispersed throughout the cilia.
In biology, what exactly are cilia?The protozoans of a phylum Ciliophora use ciliums, also known as cilia, which are short eyelash-like filaments that are abundant on tissue cells among most animals. To generate membranelles or tufts of cirri, cilia can be united in short crosswise rows or tufts.
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which term names an ecological system with all its biotic and abiotic factors?
The biological and chemical components that are present in a certain area. In all species that dwell in a certain area are referred to be a community.
What is an instance of a biotic?In the ecosystem, biotic variables include living and extinct creatures. They come from the planet and are able to reproduce. Animals, birds, plants, fungus, and other species that are comparable to these include biotic factors.
Which is it: abiotic or biotic trees?In addition to live (biotic) elements like trees, birds, plants, and many other living things, forests also contain nonliving (abiotic) elements including soil, food, air, and geological formations.
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which metabolic pathway is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown?
The glycolysis metabolic pathway is shared by both aerobic and anaerobic sugar breakdown activities.
Glycolysis is a component of cellular respiration that occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. It takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. Glycolysis eventually breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules. Glycolysis is divided into two steps that take place in the cytoplasm of cells. Because it uses two ATP molecules, the first phase is known as the "investment" phase, and the second as the "payoff" phase.
Each of these processes is catalyzed by its own enzyme, with phosphofructokinase being the most important for regulation since it governs the rate of glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic circumstances and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in the net generation of 32 ATP molecules.
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Why is the ozone content of the stratosphere important to living organisms?
Because it is necessary to protect life on Earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the ozone layer in the stratosphere is a necessity for all living things.
Three oxygen atoms [tex](O_3)[/tex] make up the molecule of ozone, which creates the ozone layer, a thin layer in the stratosphere. The majority of the This layer absorbs most of the UV light from the sun, preventing it from harming living things when it reaches the Earth's surface. Skin cancer, cataracts, and other health problems in both people and animals have been related to UV radiation exposure. Also, it can affect plants by eradicating their genetic material, impeding their ability to develop, and reducing their capacity for photosynthesis, which is how they produce food.
The Earth's surface would be exposed to more UV radiation if the ozone layer were to disappear, whether naturally or as a result of human activities. Health problems and environmental impact would be more likely as a result. In order to ensure the survival and wellbeing of all Earth's living species, it is crucial to safeguard the ozone layer.
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Transporting a substance against its concentration gradient requires-a transporter that is facilitated in its diffusion.-countertransport with another molecule against its concentration gradient.-cotransport with another molecule against its concentration gradient.-a transporter that uses energy.-a channel that is specific for that substance.a transporter that uses energy.
Transporting a substance against its concentration gradient requires a transporter that uses energy or a co-transporter or countertransporter.
Transporting a molecule against its concentration gradient is called active transport. An example for this is the transport of Na⁺ and K⁺ by sodium-potassium pump. Secondary active transport does not use cellular energy. But it is transported by using the energy gradient stored as a result of a primary active transport. The energy gradient developed by the sodium-potassium pump enables a cotransporter to transport glucose against its gradient. It is also called symport. So transporting a substance against concentration requires a transporter that uses energy or a symport or an antiport.
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Brainliest whoever gets the answer
Answer:
You answer would be C.TCAGGTAC
Explanation: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)
A matches up with t
G matches up with C
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What does the italian three-toed skink eat?
The Italian three-toed skink is an omnivorous species of lizard, meaning that it will eat both plants and animals. They feed primarily on insects and other invertebrates, such as snails and spiders, as well as plant matter like berries and fruits.
The Italian three-toed skink (Chalcides chalcides) is a type of lizard found in Italy and the surrounding Mediterranean region. They are known to eat a variety of foods, including:
- Insects: Italian three-toed skinks are insectivores, meaning they primarily eat insects such as crickets, grasshoppers, and beetles.
- Worms: These skinks also eat worms, which they can find in the soil or leaf litter.
- Small vertebrates: In some cases, Italian three-toed skinks may also eat small vertebrates such as other lizards or small rodents.
- Plant matter: While they primarily eat insects and other animals, Italian three-toed skinks may also eat small amounts of plant matter, such as leaves or fruit.
Overall, the Italian three-toed skink has a varied diet that includes insects, worms, small vertebrates, and plant matter.
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which test is used for determining the ability of bacteria to break down protein?
The test used for determining the ability of bacteria to break down protein is called the gelatin hydrolysis test.
What are some common uses of the gelatin hydrolysis test in microbiology?The gelatin hydrolysis test is commonly used in microbiology to differentiate and identify bacterial species based on their ability to break down gelatin. For example, certain pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus anthracis, produce gelatinase and can be identified using the test. Additionally, the test is sometimes used to screen for bacteria that can be used in food production, such as bacteria that can produce enzymes that break down protein in meat.
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the shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage true false
Fibrocartilage makes up the shock-absorbing pads located between the vertebrae. The above statement appears true.
Fibrocartilage: What is it?Fibrocartilage, which resembles other fibrous structures but has cartilage ground material and chondrocytes, is a tough, incredibly strong tissue that is mostly found in anterior region and at the placement of ligaments and tendons. The more malleable elastic cartilage has a yellow hue.
What use does fibrocartilage serve?The extracellular matrix of the temporal region joint and the junction between of clavicle and indeed the sternum are made of fibrocartilage, similarly to the subacromial cartilages of something like the knee, wrist, and intervertebral discs. Your body has the following places for fibrocartilage: your knee's meniscus, between vertebrae in your spine, in disks.
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What is a histone and its function?
Histones are a type of protein that plays a crucial role in organizing DNA into a compact structure called chromatin.
Chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins that make up the chromosomes in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Histones are highly basic proteins that are rich in positively charged amino acids such as lysine and arginine.
They have a globular domain that interacts with DNA and a flexible tail that protrudes from the nucleosome. Histones function by wrapping DNA around themselves to form a structure called a nucleosome. Nucleosomes consist of an octamer of histone proteins around which 147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped.
This compaction of DNA into nucleosomes helps to regulate gene expression by controlling the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins.
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The first unambiguous human trait to evolve as recorded in the fossil record isO a large brain
O overlapping fields of vision
O a chin
O fingernails
O obligate upright walking
The first unambiguous human trait to evolve as recorded in the fossil record is obligate upright walking.
Obligate upright walking is the earliest distinct human feature to have evolved as seen in the fossil record.
This characteristic is seen in hominin species such as Australopithecus afarensis, which lived around 3 million years ago and is famous for the discovery of the famous fossil known as Lucy.
The ability to walk upright on two legs is thought to have had a significant impact on the evolution of the human body and brain.
Yes, according to the fossil evidence, compulsory upright walking is regarded as the first clearly evolved human characteristic.
This trait can be found in hominid species like Australopithecus afarensis, a species that lived around 3 million years ago and is well-known for the discovery of the Lucy fossil.
Early hominins that could walk erect on two legs were able to move farther, carry objects with their hands, and use their free hands and arms for other activities like producing tools, which is thought to have had a substantial impact on the evolution of the human body and brain.
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Mention 4 measures that should be taken in a certain country to fight smoking.
Answer:
Effective Tobacco Control Measure
Using the MPOWER slogan:
Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies.Protect people from tobacco smoke.Offer help to quit smoking.Warn about the dangers of tobacco.Enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.Raise taxes on tobacco....
classify each phrase as describing an enzyme, an active site, or a substrate. Enzyme Active Site Substrate Answer Bank Biological Catalyst May Be A Phosphate Group A Protein Containing...a. a biological catalystb. may be a phosphate groupc. a protein containing an active sited. a substance that the enzyme acts upone. a specific enzyme location that blinds with the substance
Biological catalyst and a protein containing active site- enzyme, may be a phosphate group and substance that enzyme acts upon- substrate and a specific enzyme location that binds with the substance- active Site
Enzymes: What are they?Our bodies' metabolism, or chemical reactions, are accelerated by proteins called enzymes. While certain compounds are decomposed, others are produced. Everything that is alive contains enzymes. Naturally, enzymes are produced by our bodies. Enzymes are, however, found through both food and the products that are created.
What functions do enzymes perform?Enzymes help to speed up chemical reactions within the body of humans. Numerous other activities, including respiration, meal digestion, muscle, and neuron function, depend on them. The human body contains a range of enzymes in each cell.
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What is ecology of communities?
In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or further different species enwrapping the same geographical area.
At the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, natural community, ecological community, or life assemblage. The term community has a variety of uses. In its simplest form it refers to groups of organisms in a specific place or time, for illustration," the fish community of Lake Ontario before industrialization".
Community ecology or synecology is the study of the relations between species in communities on numerous spatial and temporal scales, including the distribution, structure, cornucopia, demography, and relations between coinciding populations. The primary focus of community ecology is on the relations between populations as determined by specific genotypic and phenotypic characteristics.
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kentucky bluegrass has greater low-temperature hardiness than annual bluegrass. true or false ?
Kentucky bluegrass has greater low-temperature hardiness than annual bluegrass. True.
What is high hardiness?Individuals high in hardiness tend to believe and act as if life experiences are controllable (control), to engage meaningfully in life activities and to appraise these activities as purposeful and worthy of investment even in the face of adversity (commitment), and to view change in life as a challenge toward growth ...
What is hardiness in positive psychology?As part of this process, the present paper proposes hardiness as an addition to positive psychology. Hardiness is a combination of attitudes that provides the courage and motivation to do the hard, strategic work of turning stressful circumstances from potential disasters into growth opportunities.
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small proteins called___ serve as a means of communication between immune system cells.A) cytokinesB) antibodyC) antigen
Small proteins called A. cytokines serve as a means of communication between immune system cells.
Cytokines are secreted by immune cells and act as signaling molecules that help to regulate and coordinate the immune response. They can stimulate or inhibit the activity of other immune cells, and they are involved in many processes, including inflammation, cell growth, and differentiation.
Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells in response to an antigen, and they bind specifically to that antigen. They are part of the adaptive immune response and function to neutralize pathogens or target them for destruction by other cells of the immune system.
Antigens are molecules that can stimulate an immune response by interacting with specific receptors on immune cells, including B cells and T cells. Antigens can be part of pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria, or they can be produced by the body itself in the case of autoimmune diseases.
Therefore, Option A) cytokines is the correct.
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What does Cyte mean in biological terms?
In biological terms, a cyte is a word used to characterise the cells of complex multicellular creatures such as humans. Cytes are the basic unit of life, and all living things are made up of them.
The cyte is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living creatures, ranging in size from a few micrometres to metres in certain huge animals.
Cytes are categorised into distinct categories based on their form and size. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all eukaryotes, which are cells having a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, are bacteria that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
The plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles are the four primary components of a cyte.
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Describe how DNA provides instructions for traits (what are the steps involved in gene expression)?
The process begins with transcription of DNA into an mRNA molecule. Then, the mRNA molecule is translated into a protein. Finally, the protein is folded and modified.
DNA provides instructions for traits through the process of gene expression. Gene expression involves several steps:
1. Transcription: During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is carried out by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which binds to a specific region of the DNA called the promoter and begins to unwind the DNA double helix. The RNA polymerase then adds RNA nucleotides one by one, using the DNA strand as a template, until it reaches a stop signal on the DNA.
2. RNA Processing: After transcription, the mRNA molecule undergoes several modifications, including the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail, and the removal of introns (non-coding regions) through a process called splicing. This results in a mature mRNA molecule that is ready for translation.
3. Translation: During translation, the mRNA molecule is read by a ribosome, which uses the genetic code to translate the mRNA sequence into a sequence of amino acids. Each codon (a sequence of three nucleotides) on the mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid, and the ribosome adds these amino acids one by one to the growing protein chain until it reaches a stop codon.
4. Protein Folding and Modification: After translation, the newly synthesized protein undergoes folding and modification to achieve its final functional form. This may include the addition of chemical groups, such as phosphate or sugar, or the formation of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues.
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cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue. (True or False)
Cartilage tissue typically heals more slowly than bone tissue. While most epithelial tissue cannot regenerate, cartilage does. ---- True
What is cartilage purpose?The ability of cartilage to resist compressive forces, increase bone resilience, and provide support in bony regions where flexibility is required are just a few of its many functions. The chondrocyte, which is found within the lacunae, is the primary cell that makes cartilage.
Which three kinds of cartilage are there?There are three kinds of cartilage: cartilage that is flexible, fibrous, and hyaline. The most common type is hyaline cartilage, which looks like glass. Beginning as hyaline cartilage in the embryo, bone eventually ossifies. The intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis both contain fibrous cartilage, which is made up of a lot of collagen fibers.
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Think about the lab procedure you just read. Label
each factor below V if it was variable during the
procedure or C if it was constant.
molecule size (large
starch molecules vs.
small glucose
molecules)
material used as the
membrane
Considering the lab procedure to determine the permeability of molecules based on size:
molecule size is a variable the material used as the membrane is constantWhat are variables and constants in an experiment?
A quantity whose value can vary is said to be a variable.
An unchanging number is called a constant.
Any experiment must involve methodically changing one quantity's value in order to observe its impact on another. The independent variable is the amount that the experimenter decides to alter.
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Many interactions occur among systems, such as the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. Of the systems mentioned, which scenario describes an interaction between two different “spheres”?
A. runoff from farming areas into local streams
B. an Arctic hare eating woody plants in Alaska
C. an erupting volcano releasing water vapor into the air
D. magma cooling and solidifying before it reaches Earth’s surface
Answer:
C. an erupting volcano releasing water vapor into the air
Explanation:
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what is the expected percent change in the dna dna content of a typical eukaryotic cell as it progresses through the cell cycle from the start of the g1 g 1 phase to the end of the g2 g 2 phase?
A normal eukaryotic cell's DNA content increases by 100%. The cell's nucleus contains a single set of DNA at the beginning of the G1 phase, but by the end of the G2 phase.
How much DNA is present in the G1 and G2 phases?A diploid cell's G1 phase marks the start of the cell cycle (DNA content = 2N; N is the number of chromosomes). The cell enters the G2 phase with twice as much DNA (4N) as the starting cell after DNA replication is finished in the S phase.
What typically happens in the G1 phase?In G1, cells complete the majority of their expansion; they grow in size and produce the proteins and organelles necessary for DNA synthesis to occur normally. In particular, the centromere and other centrosome components are formed here, along with proteins and RNAs.
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During which step of aerobic respiration is glucose split into two 3-carbon molecules?
In glycolysis, glucose (C6) is parted into two 3-carbon (C3) pyruvate particles. This delivers energy, which is moved to ATP.
Glycolysis is a progression of responses that extricate energy from glucose by parting it into two three-carbon particles called pyruvates.
Stage one of cell breath is glycolysis. Glycolysis is the parting or lysis of glucose. Glycolysis changes over the 6-carbon glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate particles.
Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that separates glucose into two three-carbon compounds and produces energy. Glucose is caught by phosphorylation, with the assistance of the chemical hexokinase. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is utilized in this response and the item, glucose-6-P, represses hexokinase.
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Compounds in food that the body needs for proper growth, maintenance, and function are called?
The compounds which our body needs for the purpose of growth, maintenance as well as function are known as nutrients.
Nutrients are basically the chemical compounds which are present in the food which are being used by the body in order to function properly as well as maintain proper health. Examples of nutrients include proteins, vitamins, fats, and minerals.
These nutrients are usually obtained through the food we eat in our daily diet. The food gets digested in our digestive system and the nutrients are absorbed by our body and are utilized to perform a number of basic functions as well as growth and maintenance.
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