It is not a characteristic of gel electrophoresis to use primers to amplify specific DNA sequences. the molecules are forced through the gel's tiny pores by the force of the current during the process.
Primers are not used in gel electrophoresis to amplify specific DNA sequences. Based on their size and charge, this method is used in the laboratory to separate and examine macromolecules like DNA and proteins. The macromolecules are subjected to an electric field when they are placed in a gel matrix during gel electrophoresis. Using methods like ethidium bromide staining, which binds to the DNA by intercalating between base pairs, the molecules can be separated and observed as they move through the gel in accordance with their size and charge.
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The cell organelle shown below is magnified ten thousand times. What is the actual size of the organelle? WAS 40 mm
The actual size of the organelle is 15-20 nanometers
What are organelles?organelles are subcellular structures that have one or more specific jobs to perform within the cell, just like organs.
The function of cell organelles is to maintain balance or homeostasis within the cell. Examples of cell organelles are the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.
Some parts of the human cell structure are called cell organelles and have roles like organs in the body. The size of the organelles is very small, around 15-20 nanometers.
Characteristics of cell organelles:
composed of a double membrane.folded inner membrane called cristae.found in many muscle cells.Your question is not complete, maybe what your question means is :
The cell organelle shown below is magnified ten thousand times. What is the actual size of the organelle?
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A stroke is one way that the brain can become damaged. The image above shows the
events that lead to the two types of strokes.
An ischemic stroke occurs because of an obstruction in a blood vessel supplying
blood to an area of the brain. The obstruction is the result of fatty deposits, a
condition called atherosclerosis. In an ischemic stroke, a blood clot has developed at
the clogged point or a blood clot that formed elsewhere is unable to pass through
the obstructed area. About 85% of all strokes are ischemic strokes.
A hemorrhagic stroke happens when an weakened vessel in the brain ruptures,
causing blood to leak into the surrounding brain tissue. The blood accumulates and
compresses the brain tissue.
In the picture above, which stroke seems to have affected the greatest amount of
brain tissue?
A.both seem to affect the same amount of tissue
B.ischemic
C.hemorrhagic
Hemorrhagic stroke seems to have affected the greatest amount of brain tissue.
What is hemorrhagic stroke?
A hemorrhagic stroke, which can be fatal, is caused when a blood artery in the brain bursts and starts to haemorrhage. Your brain's regular blood flow may be hampered, depriving some regions of oxygen. Blood buildup also exerts pressure on nearby brain regions, causing harm or even death.
When you have a hemorrhagic stroke, your brain or the area around it bleeds heavily. There is only so much room for the bleeding to go because this is taking place inside of your skull. That damages the surrounding brain tissue by applying too much pressure to it. The pressure will destroy those brain cells if it is too high or remains high for an extended period of time, harming the brain permanently.
Hence the correct answer is hemorrhagic stroke
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the occurrence of the same amino acid sequence in digestive proteins in two morphologically unrelated species provides evidence that these two species____.
The occurrence of the same amino acid sequence in digestive proteins in two morphologically unrelated species provides evidence that these two species have common ancestor.
In general , Proteins are said to be composed of long chains amino acids, and the sequence will determines the structure and function of the protein. Hence , In the case of digestive proteins, to break down specific types of food is crucial adaptation for survival. If species have similar digestive proteins having the same amino acid sequences, it indicated that they have evolved independently and these adaptations are also similar with respect to environmental pressures.
Hence, phylogenetic analysis would be the approach to confirm if these two species have common ancestor or have evolved as the individual traits .
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to understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of dna. this is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology? group of answer choices feedback regulation reductionism evolution emergent properties
Understanding the molecular structure of DNA,it is an example of application of c)reductionism concept to the study of biology..So,correct option is c.
Reductionism is any of a few related philosophical thoughts with respect to the relationship between peculiarities which can be depicted as far as other less difficult or more central phenomena.[1] It is likewise portrayed as a scholarly and philosophical place that deciphers a mind boggling framework as the amount of its parts.
Reductionism can be applied to any peculiarity, including objects, issues, clarifications, speculations, and meanings.For technical disciplines, use of strategic reductionism endeavors clarification of whole frameworks with regards to their individual, constituent parts and their collaborations. For instance, the temperature of a gas is diminished to nothing past the normal motor energy of its particles moving. Thomas Nagel and others talk about 'psychophysical reductionism' (the endeavored decrease of mental peculiarities to physical science and science), and 'physico-compound reductionism' (the endeavored decrease of science to physical science and science).
Hence,correct option is c.
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(Complete question) is:
to understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of dna. this is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology? group of answer choices a)feedback b)regulation c)reductionism d)evolution e)emergent properties
Can anyone please help me 50 points
Answer:
photosynthesis works best at the top of the graph
Explanatiwrite this
the optimum rate for photosynthesis is shown in the graph at the very top
I need help with living environment for genetics unit I’m not sure why the answer for plant A species and plant B species is the answer I don’t know how the teacher got that answer
A triplet codon is a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid through a series of three subsequent nucleotides. Some codons act as start or stop signals for translation.
The triplet code, made up of three nucleotides, identifies a single amino acid.
Here we can see ‘UUG’ codes for LEU
‘GGU’ codes for ‘GLY’
‘UAU’ codes for TYR
What is triplet codon?
It is a particular sequence of three nucleotides that is used as a component of the genetic code to specify an amino acid for a particular protein or to start or stop protein synthesis.
A codon is a group of three nucleotides on a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that designates one of the 22 amino acids that are capable of forming proteins. The order in which these amino acids appear on the messenger RNA dictates the primary structure of the protein that will be produced.
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the neural plate ultimately forms the question 44 options: nervous system and skull. legs and the spinal cord. skull and the brain. brain and spinal cord.
The neural plate is a coherent structure made up of cells connected by junctional complexes. The neural plate's neuroepithelial cells undergo structural modifications that lead to the creation of the neural groove and eventually the neural tube.
What kind of neuron transmits the brain's reaction to the appropriate system in the body?Motor neurons transport information from the brain to the rest of the body, enabling muscles to move. These connections form the basis of how we think, learn, move, and feel. They regulate our body' functions, such as respiration, digestion, and heartbeat.
The neural folds at the ends of the neural plate push the ends of the plate up and together.
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Any given area of the retina relays its information to a corresponding location in the:_________
Any given area of the retina relays its information to a corresponding location in the visual cortex at the back of your brain.
The retina is a very thin layer at the back of the eyeball that can capture light which is then processed so that humans can see objects clearly. In the retina there are rod cells which receive colorless rod light and cone cells which are capable of receiving strong and colored light rays.
The visual cortex, located in the occipital lobe, is the first to process image impulses received from the retina. There are two visual cortices, namely the primary visual cortex and the extraestriated cortex. The information we receive from the eyes to the visual cortex is passed on until it finally reaches the cerebral cortex to be processed so that we can recognize colors, shapes, and movements.
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Construct a scientific explanation about how glucose is used in a tree to help it grow. Focus on answering the question: How do the internal structures of the tree function together to help a tree take in and lock up carbon atoms from carbon dioxide in the wood of the tree as it grows? Make sure to cite the relevant evidence from this lesson (and others as needed) and the way this connects to how the structures inside the tree work together to help the tree lock up carbon atoms (originally taken in as CO2 from the air) within the wood of the tree
The internal structures of a tree work together to take in carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and convert it into glucose through the process of photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, the chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of the leaves use energy from sunlight to convert CO2 and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
The glucose produced during photosynthesis is used by the tree as a source of energy and as a building block for the formation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, the main components of the cell walls in the tree's trunk, branches, and leaves.
The glucose is transported from the mesophyll cells of the leaves to the other parts of the tree through the phloem, a tissue that functions as a network of tubes for the transport of sugars and other nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the tree.
The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin produced by the tree help to reinforce the cell walls, giving the tree its structural integrity. As the tree continues to grow, more glucose is produced and used to build the cell walls, and the tree is able to lock up more and more carbon atoms within its wood.
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which example is always single stranded? responses dna and rna uppercase d n a and uppercase r n a, mrna lowercase m uppercase r n a, dsrna lowercase d s uppercase r n a, dna
mRNA (lowercase m uppercase RNA) is an example always single stranded. Option B is correct.
mRNA, or messenger RNA, is a type of RNA molecule that is always single-stranded. mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is used as a template for protein synthesis. Unlike DNA, which is double-stranded and stable, mRNA is a single-stranded as well as relatively unstable.
This allows it to be rapidly degraded and replaced, making it possible for cells to respond to changes in the environment and regulate gene expression. Other examples of single-stranded RNA molecules include tRNA (transfer RNA) and snRNA (small nuclear RNA).
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Which example is always single stranded? A) DNA and RNA uppercase DNA and uppercase RNA, B) mRNA lowercase m uppercase RNA, C) dsRNA lowercase d s uppercase RNA, D) DNA"--
what does a positive result for the endospore stain indicate about the organism?
A positive result for the endospore stain indicates that the organism has the ability to form endospores. Endospores are highly resistant, dormant structures that some bacterial species can form under certain environmental conditions, such as nutrient limitation or exposure to extreme temperatures, chemicals or radiation. Endospores have a distinct structure and are highly resistant to many environmental stresses, including heat, desiccation, and disinfectants. Endospore formation is an adaptive survival strategy that allows certain bacterial species to withstand unfavorable conditions until the environment becomes more favorable for growth and reproduction again. Therefore, a positive endospore stain suggests that the organism has the potential to survive harsh conditions by forming endospores.
when you infected bacteria simultaneously with both wt phage and any one of the mutants, only small plaques are formed. what does this result suggest?
This result suggests that the phage mutant and the wild-type (WT) phage are in competition for the same bacterial host cells.
When both phages are present, they compete for the same host cells, leading to the formation of smaller plaques, which indicate a lower number of bacterial lysis events compared to when only the WT phage is present. This is because the presence of the mutant phage reduces the efficiency of the WT phage in infecting and lysing bacteria, and vice versa.
Small plaque formation in this scenario is a result of reduced efficiency of either the mutant phage or the WT phage in infecting and lysing bacteria, leading to a reduction in the number of phage particles produced and hence the size of the plaque.
The result is an example of the phenomenon of phage interference, where the presence of two or more phages can affect each other's ability to infect and lyse bacteria, leading to reduced efficiency of one or both phages. This phenomenon can have important implications for the use of phages as a tool for biocontrol and for the evolution of phages and their interactions with bacterial hosts
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Write down the mRNA sequence for:
a. Met-ser-leu-gly-trp-stop
met
ser
leu
gly
trp
stop
For Met-ser-leu-gly-trp-stop, mRNA sequence is -AUG-Methionine-Gutamine-Dropmo-GPA.
mRNA sequence or messenger RNA is a single stranded RNA molecule. It is corresponding to the DNA and conveys hereditary data present in the DNA. Framing proteins is deciphered. The hereditary codes (trio) present on mRNA get meant amino acids, leading to the practical result of a quality (proteins).
In eukaryotes, mRNA is combined in the core and in the wake of handling, it gets shipped to the cytoplasm, where interpretation or protein union happens. mRNA sequence gives various benefits over quality articulation exhibits in examining the transcriptome.
Offers a more extensive unique reach, empowering more delicate and exact estimation of crease changes in quality articulationCatches both known and novel highlightsCan be applied across many speciesTo know more about mRNA sequence, visit here:
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(Complete question) is:
Write down the mRNA sequence for:
Met-ser-leu-gly-trp-stop
at rest, veins contain the largest percentage of blood in the body. True/False
Answer:
it's true
Because the walls of the veins are thinner and less rigid than arteries, veins can hold more blood. Almost 70 per cent of the total blood volume is in the veins at any given time.
balance the input/output formula by adding coefficients to each molecule. Write the balanced formula
Answer:
A straightforward word condition that can be utilized to depict the procedure of photosynthesis is
Carbon dioxide + water — > Glucose + Oxygen + water.
A fair synthetic condition for the procedure can be composed as
6CO
2
+ 6H
2
O — > C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2
. Generally, photosynthesis utilizes light to convert Carbon dioxide into Glucose.
Explanation:
The major food producers for other living organisms is/are:_________
Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis, absorbing sunlight and converting it into energy. They are the primary source of food for nearly all other living organisms on Earth.
What are autotrophs?Autotrophs are creatures that can generate their own sustenance through the use of light, water, carbon dioxide, and other inorganic molecules. They are the major producers in most ecosystems, transforming solar energy into chemical energy that may be stored in the form of food.
Autotrophs, often known as producers, are the primary food makers for other living species. Autotrophs are creatures that can manufacture their own food via a process known as photosynthesis. Autotrophs receive sunlight and transform it into energy, which they utilise to produce their own food from inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water. As a result, autotrophs provide practically all other living things on Earth with their principal source of nourishment.
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Which traits go into box 6 and 7?
Answer:
Explanation:
I'm sorry, but I am not sure which context you are referring to or which traits you are referring to for boxes 6 and 7. Could you please provide more information or context so I can better understand your question and provide a helpful answer?
Which of the following are bulk deformation processes (three correct answers)?
a) bending,
b) deep drawing,
c) extrusion,
d) forging,
e) rolling, and
d) shearing.
Answer:
a bending
Explanation:
because bending us the answer
The three correct answers to the question are extrusion, forging, and rolling. These processes are widely used in the manufacturing industry to produce a wide range of products, and they play a critical role in the production of metal products such as tubes, rods, sheets, and structural components. The selection of a specific bulk deformation process depends on various factors, such as the properties of the material, the desired shape and size, and the required accuracy and surface finish.
Bulk deformation processes refer to a set of manufacturing methods that involve the deformation of large quantities of material to shape, form, or modify the properties of the material. These processes are widely used in the manufacturing industry to produce a wide range of products, such as pipes, wires, rods, sheets, and structural components. Among the various bulk deformation processes, some of the most commonly used ones include bending, deep drawing, extrusion, forging, rolling, and shearing. In this answer, we will discuss the three correct answers to the question.
Extrusion:
Extrusion is a bulk deformation process that involves the forcing of a material through a die to produce a continuous profile. The process is commonly used to produce complex cross-sectional shapes such as tubes, rods, and rails. During the process, the material is heated to a suitable temperature and then forced through the die by applying pressure. Extrusion is commonly used in the production of aluminum and other metal products.
Forging:
Forging is a bulk deformation process that involves the shaping of metal by applying pressure to it. The process can be performed using a hammer or a press, and it can be carried out at room temperature or at high temperatures. Forging is commonly used in the production of automotive and aerospace components, such as engine parts, landing gear, and turbine blades.
Rolling:
Rolling is a bulk deformation process that involves the reduction of the thickness of a material by passing it through a set of rollers. The process is commonly used in the production of metal sheets, plates, and foils. During the process, the material is fed through the rollers and the distance between the rollers is gradually reduced, causing the material to become thinner. Rolling is commonly used in the production of steel, aluminum, and other metals.
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how can you tell by looking in the mirror that humans are closer genetically to old world monkeys and apes (catarrhini) than they are to new world primates (platyrrhini)?
The position of the nostril—the direction in which it opens—indicates that humans are closer to ancient monkeys and apes than to new-world primates.
The main difference between old-world monkeys, apes, and new-world primates is that old-world monkeys have noses and nostrils that face downward (catarrhine), whereas new-world primates have noses that face sideways and are flat.
Because humans have a nose that faces down, we can tell from looking in the mirror that they are more like old-world monkeys and apes.
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7. Plan an Investigation What time of day
would be best for kite surfing off a coastal
beach? Explain your hypothesis, then describe
how you would gather data to support it.
Answer:
Please read below:
Explanation:
Hypothesis: The best time of day for kite surfing off a coastal beach would be in the late afternoon, around 3 pm to 5 pm, when the wind speed and direction are typically at their most favorable.
Data Gathering:
To gather data and test our hypothesis, we would need to collect information on wind speed and direction at different times of day over a period of time, as well as observe the ocean conditions during these times. Here is a potential plan for collecting the data:
Conduct research on the typical wind patterns and conditions for the specific coastal beach we will be investigating. This could involve reviewing weather records and speaking with local experts or experienced kite surfers.
Set up a data collection system to measure wind speed and direction. This could involve using an anemometer or wind meter, and placing it at a consistent location on the beach to measure the wind speed and direction at regular intervals throughout the day.
Conduct observations of ocean conditions at the same time as the wind measurements. This could involve looking for any visible signs of waves, swell, or other conditions that may impact kite surfing.
Collect data at various times of the day, including early morning, midday, and late afternoon. We may also want to collect data on a range of different weather conditions, such as sunny vs cloudy days, to get a more comprehensive understanding of the best time of day for kite surfing.
Analyze the data collected and look for patterns in wind speed, direction, and ocean conditions during each time of day. We may also want to compare the data collected to our initial research and see if it supports our hypothesis.
Use the data and analysis to make a conclusion about the best time of day for kite surfing off the coastal beach, and share our findings with the kite surfing community.
Overall, by collecting and analyzing data on wind speed and direction, as well as observing ocean conditions, we can determine the best time of day for kite surfing off a coastal beach and share this information with the kite surfing community.
what might cause a gram positive organism to be pink/red as opposed to the purple it should be? what should you do next?
A thinner peptidoglycan layer might cause the gram positive organism to be pink/red as opposed to the purple like they normally should be.
Gram positive bacteria are basically surrounded by a single thick peptidoglycan cell wall whereas the gram negative bacteria possess a much thinner peptidoglycan cell wall but also these bacteria have an outer membrane which contain lipopolysaccharides that surround the cell.
A Gram stain is basically colored purple. When the stain happens to combine with the bacteria in a particular sample, the bacteria will either stay purple or they will turn to pink or red. If the bacteria happen to stay purple, then they are Gram-positive and if the bacteria turn pink or red, then they are Gram-negative. If the gram positive bacteria turn pink or red in color instead of purple, it means they have a thinner peptidoglycan layer maybe because of mutation or contamination.
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A ciliated version of pseudostratified columnar epithelium is called: __________
Respiratory tract refers to a ciliated variety of pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
What is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium's alternate name?It is frequently referred to as pseudostratified columnar epithelium because it infrequently manifests as squamous or cuboidal epithelia. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is seen in the illustration. The trachea and some other areas of the upper respiratory tract are lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelia. The respiratory epithelium is another name for the ciliated kind.
The name "ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium" refers to what?The term "ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium" refers to pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue that has cilia on the surface. On the apical surface of these epithelial cells, cilia of various lengths are visible.
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Nitrogen is a gas and cannot be added to soil. What type of chemical should be added to the soil to cure the unhealthy plant? (You have to be more specific than 'fertiliser'.)
Answer: The type of chemical which can be used to cure the unhealthy plant-"Nitrate".
Explanation: It serves plants as a nutrient and is an important growth factor. It is absorbed by the roots from the soil. It helps to build organic compounds including proteins and nucleic acids.
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King of Spain, Juan Carlos, is the son of Juan (lower right corner of the pedigree. ) He was selected by the dictator Francisco Franco, who chose (then) Prince Juan Carlos to succeed him (Franco. ) Upon Franco's death, Juan Carlos became King of Spain. What advantage was there in choosing Juan Carlos, rather than Juan or any of Juan's living brothers and sisters? Explain
Advantage of choosing Juan Carlos over his brother or sister was that same gene transfer occurs from one generation to another which is not possible on choosing his brother or sister.
Researchers are utilizing different procedures to modify the genome of certain life forms. They are doing as such to make financially significant plant assortments and microorganisms, to treat sickness, to screen the visualization and treatment therapy of assortments, and so on. The Techniques for gene transfer include various strategies like formation, transduction, and so on.
Gene transfer starting with one organic entity then onto the next is a characteristic cycle that outcomes in natural quality variety. It is a normal research center strategy for bacterial strains like E. coli. Quality exchange in microorganisms should be possible by three strategies, to be specific, formation, change and transduction.
Addition of irrelevant hereditary data into cells as DNA is known as quality exchange. Quality exchange should be possible for different reasons. The treatment of sicknesses through quality exchange to give patients helpful qualities is maybe the most convincing of these reasons. There are likewise different strategies for moving genes.
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What are the functions of tube feet in a starfish?
Answer:
Tube feet in echinoderms have a few functions. The obvious one is locomotion. The feet are powered by the water vascular system. They are also important for absorbing oxygen (remember that the body of sea stars and their relatives are covered in bony plates called ossicles), for eliminating nitrogenous waste products of metabolism, and grasping prey. Sea stars are capable of pulling a bivalve apart by exerting pull on the two shells and essentially tiring the prey out as the muscles the prey eventually tire. Once there is an opening, the sea star everts its stomach into the prey.
If you've ever picked up a sea star and turned it over, you probably noticed the hundreds of tube "feet" lining its arms. It is these suction-bottomed tubes that the sea star uses to move about. It draws in water and channels it to canals that run throughout its body, usually ending in the tube feet.
Tube feet function in locomotion, feeding, and respiration. The tube feet in a starfish are arranged in grooves along the arms. They operate through hydraulic pressure. They are used to pass food to the oral mouth at the center, and can attach to surfaces.
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a mutant bacterial cell has a defective aminoacyl-trna synthetase that attaches a lysine to trnas with the anticodon aaa instead of the normal phenylalanine. what would be a potential consequence for a cell in which this happens? remember that phenylalanine may be encoded by multiple codons.
A mutant bacterial cell has a defective aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that attaches a lysine to tRNA with the anticodon aaa instead of the normal phenylalanine. The potential consequence for a cell is that proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU.
Bacterial mutants typically have either lost a growth trait (such as the inability to utilize a specific carbon or nitrogen source or the inability to develop without a specific nutrient) or acquired a new growth property (e.g., the ability to grow in the presence of some toxic substance).
The phenotypes of the mutants that correspond to each gene can be used to classify the genes into one of two categories: nonessential genes produce products that are only necessary under certain growth conditions, whereas essential genes produce products that are necessary under all growth conditions.
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when centrifuging biohazards, what is the recommended "wait time" before opening the centrifuge to allow aerosols to settle in the event of a spill or leak from a primary tube?
when centrifuging biohazards, 3-5 mins the recommended "wait time" before opening the centrifuge to allow aerosols to settle in the event of a spill or leak from a primary tube.
What is aerosols ?
Like oven cleaner or air freshener, an aerosol is a material that is dispersed as a very fine mist. A gas-suspended aerosol is made up of microscopic liquid or solid particles. When a button is pressed, a hissing jet of spray paint is emitted from the aerosol can.
What is biohazards ?
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and molds or fungi all pose a risk to one's health due to their biological makeup. When these substances are consumed, inhaled, or come into touch with the skin, they can be harmful to human health. Illnesses from parasites, tetanus, respiratory infections, and food poisoning are just a few of the diseases they can spread.
Therefore, when centrifuging biohazards, 3-5 mins the recommended "wait time" before opening the centrifuge to allow aerosols to settle in the event of a spill or leak from a primary tube.
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What is the economic importance of bacteria ?
membrane proteins function as group of answer choices pores. all of these. selective channels. receptors. previousnext
Membrane proteins function as b. All of these
The cell membrane is the outermost layer of the cell that limits the environment inside the cell to the outside environment. The cell membrane is also useful as a barrier to organelles in cells and fluids that limit cells. The cell membrane is composed of protein and two layers of lipids called the phospholipid bilayer, which is where the proteins are spread between the two layers.
Membrane proteins are proteins that are permanently bound and give shape to cells. The function of membrane proteins is to facilitate the movement of substances in and out of cells, therefore membrane proteins act as selectively permeable channels. In addition, membrane proteins also act as pores through which only water molecules can pass and also function as receptors to receive or send important signals in the body. Because membrane proteins function as b. these are receptors, pores, and selective channels.
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where does translation occur? where does translation occur? within the cisternae of the golgi apparatus within the nucleus inside the nuclear pores at the ribosomes
Ribosomes are the ribonucleoprotein units in charge of protein synthesis and read messenger RNA to convert it into a polypeptide chain. They contain three binding sites for tRNA molecules: A, P, and E. When translation is finished, the newly created protein is released.
What is ribosomes?Ribosomes are protein- and ribosomal RNA-containing tiny cellular organelles (rRNA). They are in charge of generating proteins from messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Ribosomes are found in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells and are required for cell activity.
The ribosomes—ribonucleoprotein units that are responsible for protein synthesis—are where translation takes place. The messenger RNA (mRNA) is read by the ribosomes during translation and translated into a series of amino acids that form a polypeptide chain. The three tRNA binding sites on the ribosomes are designated as follows: the A site, which receives incoming aminoacyl-tRNA; the P site, which receives the developing polypeptide chain; and the E site, which receives the deacylated tRNA after it has been used. When the ribosomes advance along the mRNA molecule, they read the codons and add the proper amino acids to the polypeptide chain. At successful completion of translation, the newly created protein is also released by the ribosomes.
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