When the pH of the solution decreases by 1, from pH = 3 to pH = 2 , by the factor does the hydronium ion concentration increase is 10.
The pH of the solution decreases by 1
The pH = 3
The pH = 2
The pH formula is expressed as :
pH = - log [ H₃O⁺]
For pH = 3
pH = - log [ H₃O⁺]
[ H₃O⁺] = 10⁻³
For pH = 2
pH = - log [ H₃O⁺]
[ H₃O⁺] = 10⁻²
The change in pH = 10
The hydronium ion concentration will increase by the tenfold (10).
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What is the prefix used to represent four in this nomenclature?
Responses
A quadquad
B tetratetra
practice identifying polar and nonpolar covalent bonds using the amino acid below
The following amino acid, Alanine (Ala), has the chemical formula C3H7NO2. In the amine group of alanine, there is a polar covalent link between the nitrogen (N) and the oxygen (O) (NH2).
the carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms in its alkyl side chain form a nonpolar covalent connection (CH3). Typically, polar covalent connections develop between atoms with various electronegativities, leading to an unbalanced distribution of electrons and a dipole moment. When atoms with comparable electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds, the electrons are distributed evenly and there is no dipole moment. In this instance, the electronegativity of the nitrogen atom in the amino acid group is higher than that of the oxygen atom, leading to an unequal distribution of electrons and the formation of a polar covalent connection between them. The alkyl side chain, on the other hand, has carbon and hydrogen atoms with equal electronegativities, which leads to an equitable distribution of electrons and a nonpolar covalent link between them.
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which types of reactions are essentially opposites of one another?
Decomposition and synthesis are chemical processes that happen in opposition to one another.
A chemical substance splits or decomposes into two or more molecules during a decomposition process. The breakdown reaction is typically shown as AB A + B.
This sort of reaction is the opposite of synthesis reaction in that a final product or compound is converted into components or separate reactants. It is also known as chemical breakdown or chemical decomposition. An example of a decomposition reaction is CaCO3(s) CaO(s)+CO2(g).
Contrarily, in a synthesis process, different reactants come together to create a chemical molecule. As an illustration, the synthesis reaction CaO(s)+CO2(g) CaCO3(s) is the opposite of the decomposition process.
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When 14. 07 ml of hcl of unknown concentration (but less than that of the base) are reacted with 13. 00 ml of 2. 25 m naoh, 1. 63 kj of heat are released. What is the molarity of the hcl solution?.
When 14.07 ml of hcl of unknown concentration (but less than that of the base) are reacted with 13. 00 ml of 2. 25 m naoh, 1. 63 kj of heat are released. The molarity of the hcl solution is 0.0021 mol/L.
To calculate the molarity of the HCl solution, you can use the heat of reaction and the balanced equation for the reaction between HCl and NaOH:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
The heat of reaction (ΔH) is given as 1.63 kJ. To calculate the molarity of the HCl solution, you need to use the equation for the heat of reaction in terms of the moles of reactants:
ΔH = -n . ΔHf
Where,
ΔHf = the standard heat of reaction
n = the number of moles of reactants, and the negative sign indicates that heat is released in the reaction.
Since the volume of NaOH is given in milliliters and its concentration is given in moles per liter, you can convert the volume to liters and calculate the number of moles of NaOH:
n (NaOH) = (13.00 ml) . (2.25 mol/L) / 1000 ml/L = 0.0295 mol
Next, use the stoichiometry of the reaction to find the number of moles of HCl:
n (HCl) = n (NaOH) = 0.0295 mol
Now that you know the number of moles of HCl, you can calculate its molarity:
M (HCl) = n (HCl) / V (HCl) = 0.0295 mol / (14.07 ml / 1000 ml/L) = 0.0021 mol/L
So, the molarity of the HCl solution is approximately 0.0021 mol/L.
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A gram of cola contains about 39 grams of sucrose, C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁. How many moles of sucrose does this represent?
The moles of 39 grams sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) does represent in a gram of cola = 0.11 moles
How to determine the mole?Moles (mol) are amounts of substances measured in Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³) of atoms and molecules.
The mole unit, as well as the ability to convert masses in grams to moles, are critical for chemical reactions. The number of moles of a substance in a sample is calculated by dividing the mass in g by the molar mass, which yields the amount in moles.
Hence,
Molar mass of sucrose:
= (12 x 12) + (22 x 1) + (11 x 16)
= 342 gr/mol
Moles of sucrose = mass of sucrose / molar mass of sucrose
= 39 / 342
= 0.11 moles
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Why do network solids typically have higher melting temperatures than molecular solids? A. Network solids have covalent bonds between all atoms of the crystal. B. Network and molecular solids typically have the same melting temperatures. C. All covalent substances have strong attractive forces between them. D. All covalent substances do not have strong attractive forces between them.
Option C is correct. Network solids typically have higher melting temperatures than molecular solids because all covalent substances having strong attractive forces between them.
Covalent network solids are composed of atoms which is covalently bonded together into a three-dimensional network or layers of two-dimensional networks. Due to the strength of covalent bonds, covalent network solids having high melting points.
A molecular solid is a solid which is composed of molecules held together by the van der Waals forces. Because these dipole forces are weaker than to the covalent or ionic bonds, molecular solids are very soft and having relatively low melting temperature.
Molecular solids are of three types: Non-polar molecular solids, Polar molecular solids and Hydrogen-bonded molecular solids. Examples are HCl, F, O, N.
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Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?A. Propan – 1 – olB. n – butaneC. ChloroethaneD. Propanal
The compound has the highest boiling point is the correct option is A. Propan - 1 - ol because of the hydrogen bonding.
The boiling point of the compound depends upon the pressure and the intermolecular forces. If there is strong intermolecular forces between the molecules, the boiling point increases. The hydrogen bonding is present present in the compound Propan - 1 - ol.
The hydrogen bond is the stronger intermolecular force. The branching increases, the boiling point decreases. Propan-1-ol has the highest boiling point due to the H-bonding in their structure. Therefore the correct option is that the Propan-1-ol has the highest boiling point.
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rank the compounds according to increasing positive character of the carbon atom.
The compounds can be ranked from least positive to most positive character of the carbon atom as follows:
C < CH3OH < CH3NH2 < CH4 < CH3Li < CH3F.The carbon atom in each of these compounds will have increasing positive character as the molecule moves down the list. The least positive is carbon (C) and the most positive is CH3F.
The carbon atom is the sixth element in the periodic table and has an atomic number of 6. It has four electrons in its outer shell, which can form four covalent bonds. It has four protons in its nucleus, and the most common isotopes are carbon-12 and carbon-14. In nature, carbon can be found in four allotropic forms: diamond, graphite, fullerenes and nanotubes. Carbon is an important element in many organic molecules, including proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, and is essential for life.
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if ka for ha is 8.0×10−5, what is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction between ha and b ?
The value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction between HA (hydrochloric acid) and B (a generic base) can be found using the acid dissociation constant (Ka) of HA.
The reaction between HA and B can be represented as follows:
HA + B ⇌ A- + HB+
where A- represents the conjugate base of HA, and HB+ represents the conjugate acid of B.
The equilibrium constant for this reaction is given by the base dissociation constant (Kb) of B. The relationship between Ka and Kb can be described by the equation:
Kb = Kw / Ka
where Kw is the ion product constant for water (1.0 × 10^-14 at 25°C).
Using this equation, we can calculate the value of Kb if we know the value of Ka:
Kb = Kw / Ka = 1.0 × 10^-14 / 8.0 × 10^-5 = 1.25 × 10^-10
So, the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction between HA and B is 1.25 × 10^-10.
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What is the average atomic mass of
the element in the data table?
Mass (amu)
Abundance (%)
0.3365
0.0632
99.60
[ ? ] amu
35.97
37.96
39.96
ethanol has a heat of vaporization of 40.5 kj/mol, and a vapor pressure of 115 torr at 34.9 oc. at what temperature is the vapor pressure 760 torr? report the temperature to three sig figs in units oc.
Since there is no indication of pressure, we'll presume that it is 1 atm. This indicates that the chemical has a vapour pressure of 760 torr, or 1 atm, when it reaches its boiling point.
What is the temperature is related to vapour pressure?The vapour pressure of a liquid is independent of the volume of the liquid in the container, whether it is one litre or thirty litres; both samples will have the same vapour pressure at the same temperature.
Temperature is the only factor that influences vapour pressure. There is no relationship between vapour pressure and temperature. Temperature and vapour pressure are inversely correlated. This implies that the vapour pressure of a liquid or solid increases along with its temperature.
Therefore, The relationship between vapour pressure and temperature is exponential, and it always rises as the temperature does.
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would you expect the pka of glycine’s carboxyl group to increase or decrease in the presence of an adjacent carboxylate ion?
The pKa of glycine's carboxyl group would decrease in the presence of an adjacent carboxylate ion.
pKa is a measure of the acidity of a molecule and is defined as the negative logarithm of the dissociation constant (Ka) of an acid.
In simpler terms, pKa tells us how easily a molecule will donate a proton (H+) and become a negatively charged ion. The higher the pKa, the less acidic the molecule is, meaning it is less likely to donate a proton.
When an adjacent carboxylate ion is present, it can form a salt bridge with the positively charged nitrogen in the amino group of glycine. This interaction stabilizes the negatively charged form of the carboxyl group, making it less likely to donate a proton. As a result, the pKa of the carboxyl group decreases, meaning it becomes more acidic.
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If two gases with pressures of 2 atm and 3 atm are mixed at a constant temperature, what will the total pressure be?.
Answer: 5 atm
Explanation: The total pressure of a mixture of gases is given by the Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT, where P is the total pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins.
In a constant temperature scenario, where the volume and the number of moles of the gases are kept constant, the total pressure of the mixture is simply the sum of the individual pressures of the gases. So in this case, the total pressure will be 2 atm + 3 atm = 5 atm.
why do researchers think the first self-replicating molecule was rna?
Researchers believe that RNA was the first self-replicating molecule since RNA can both store hereditary data and catalyze synthetic responses, including the development of more RNA through self-replication.
This blend of qualities is remembered to have been basic at the beginning of life, as it gave a way for hereditary data to be passed on and for new duplicates of the hereditary material to be made, prompting the development of early living systems.
Moreover, RNA can exist in various structures, some of which can overlay into complex designs that might have worked with synthetic responses and the development of additional complicated molecules, further supporting that RNA assumed a vital part at the beginning of life.
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a diver has a compressed air tank that is initially at . the tank is connected to a regulator such that the diver is breathing in air at 760 mmhg. the diver breathes in 0.50 l of air each breath, and takes about 12 breaths per minute. the diver will need to surface when the tank pressure reaches . the tank is made of thick metal and does not change from initial volume of 11 l. calculate the amount of time the diver can stay under water, and enter your answer in hours.
The diver can stay underwater for approximately 0.55 hours.
First, we need to convert the initial pressure and the final pressure to atmospheres (atm).
1 atm = 14.696 psi
So,
initial pressure = 3.0 * 10^3 psi = (3.0 * 10^3) / 14.696 atm = 205 atm
final pressure = 1.0 * 10^3 psi = (1.0 * 10^3) / 14.696 atm = 68 atm
Next, we need to find the volume of air the diver breathes in per minute.
Volume per breath = 0.5 L
Breaths per minute = 12 breaths
Volume per minute = Volume per breath * Breaths per minute = 0.5 L * 12 breaths = 6 L
Finally, we can calculate the time the diver can stay underwater using the ideal gas law.
P1V1 = P2V2
(205 atm) * 11 L = (68 atm) * (11 L + 6 L)
205 atm * 11 L = 68 atm * 17 L
205 * 11 = 68 * 17
2255 = 1176
Dividing both sides by 68, we get:
33 = 17.3
So, the number of minutes the diver can stay underwater is 33 minutes. To convert this to hours, we divide by 60:
Time = 33 minutes / 60 minutes/hour = 0.55 hours
Therefore, the diver can stay underwater for approximately 0.55 hours.
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Complete Question:
A diver has a compressed air tank that is initially at 3.0 * 10^3 psi. The tank is connected to a regulator such that the diver is breathing in air at 760 mmHg. The diver breathes in 0.50 L of air each breath and takes about 12 breaths per minute. The diver will need to surface when the tank pressure reaches 1.0 * 10^3 psi. The tank is made of thick metal and does not change from the initial volume of 11 L. Calculate the amount of time the diver can stay under water, and enter your answer in hours.
. analyze your ionized gas emission objects. do your objects display different colors - if so why?
Ionized gas emission objects, also known as nebulae, are clouds of ionized gas and dust in space that emit light due to the presence of highly excited atoms. The colors of nebulae can vary due to the different types of atoms and ions present, as well as the physical processes that are occurring within the nebula.
In a nebula, electrons can be excited by various means, such as ultraviolet radiation from a nearby star or shock waves from a supernova explosion. When these electrons recombine with ions, they emit light at specific wavelengths that correspond to different colors. For example, hydrogen gas emits light at red wavelengths, while oxygen gas emits light at green and blue wavelengths. The resulting color of a nebula is a combination of these individual colors, and can range from pink or red to blue or green, depending on the types and amounts of atoms present.
In addition, the physical processes that are occurring within a nebula can also impact its color. For example, a nebula that is undergoing gravitational collapse to form new stars will often appear blue due to the high levels of ultraviolet radiation being emitted by the forming stars. Conversely, a nebula that is being lit by a hot, young star may appear green due to the strong emissions from doubly-ionized oxygen.
In conclusion, the colors of ionized gas emission objects can vary greatly depending on the types of atoms and ions present, as well as the physical processes that are occurring within the nebula. This rich variety of colors provides insight into the complex astrophysical processes that are occurring in these objects and helps us to better understand the evolution of the universe.
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The observation that different neurons function as dot, edge, and movement detectors suggests that
Select one:
a. different neurons have different receptive fields.
b. lateral inhibition is essential in visual processing.
c. neurons have similar preferences.
d. rods and cones are more complex than initially understood
The observation that different neurons function as dot, edge, and movement detectors suggests that different neurons have different receptive fields.
This means that each neuron is sensitive to different types of input, and is specialized to respond to certain types of stimuli. This allows the visual system to process complex visual information, such as the direction of movement or the boundaries of objects. Lateral inhibition is also essential in visual processing, as it helps to sharpen edges and enhance contrast. Neurons also have similar preferences in terms of the types of input they respond to, though they may respond differently depending on the context. Finally, rods and cones are more complex than initially understood, and can respond to a wide range of stimuli, including light and color.
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is volume conserved? ""the sneaky ethanol molecules"" ( lab 2)
No, volume is not conserved in general. It can change due to various factors such as temperature, pressure, and composition.
In general, volume is conserved in a closed system. However, in the context of "sneaky ethanol molecules" in a lab experiment, it is possible that the volume may not be conserved due to the behavior of the ethanol molecules.
Ethanol can evaporate or escape through leaks in the system, leading to a decrease in the overall volume. Additionally, if the ethanol reacts with other substances, it may contribute to a change in volume as well. Therefore, in specific situations involving "sneaky" ethanol molecules, volume conservation may not hold true.
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Draw the structural formulas for the organic products of hydrolysis of this acetal in aqueous HCl.
The structural formula for acetal hydrolysis in water HCl. (View image)
This problem is based on the concept of hydrolysis. Addition of aqueous acids to acetals results in the formation of aldehydes and ketones. Acetals are derivatives of aldehydes and ketones. When a hemiacetal is subjected to nucleophilic attack by an alcohol molecule, acetal formation occurs.
When the cyclic acetal undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of an aqueous acid i.e. HCl, the formation of a ketone occurs. In this case, methanol (CH₃OH) is a by-product. The stereochemistry of the products will be the same as the reactants. If the binding is drawn on the plane of the paper, the binding that is off the page is a wedge bond. On the other hand, ties that are at the back of the page are dotted bonds.
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an empty container weighs 19.278 g. when the container is filled with water, it weighs 29.107 g including the weight of the container. when the same container is filled with an unknown liquid instead of water, it weighs 32.075 g including the weight of the container. what is the density (in g/ml) of the unknown liquid? assume that the density of water is 0.997 g/ml. round your answer to three significant figures.
The density of the unknown liquid is 2.984 g/ml. It can be calculated by calculate the volume and mass of water first.
To calculate the density of the unknown liquid, we can use the formula:
density = mass / volume
First, we need to find the volume of the container. We can do that by subtracting the weight of the empty container from the weight of the container filled with water:
Volume = (weight of container + water) - (weight of empty container)
= 29.107 g - 19.278 g
= 9.829 g
Next, we need to find the mass of the water in the container:
mass of water = density of water * volume of container
= 0.997 g/ml * 9.829 ml
= 9.813 g
So, the volume of the unknown liquid can be found by subtracting the mass of water from the weight of the container filled with the unknown liquid:
Volume of unknown liquid = (weight of container + unknown liquid) - (weight of empty container)
= 32.075 g - 19.278 g
= 12.797 g
Finally, the density of the unknown liquid can be found by dividing the mass of the unknown liquid by its volume:
density of unknown liquid = mass of unknown liquid / volume of unknown liquid
= (12.797 g - 9.813 g) / (12.797 ml - 9.829 ml)
= 2.984 g/ml
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in part a what must be done before pb and pw can be added together
Im part A what must be done before Pb and Pw can be added together is that they must be expressed as the same unit of measurement of pressure.
What are units of measurements?Units of measurements are universally accepeted values by which quantities of substances xan be measured.
There are two types of units of measurements:
fundamental units - units for measuring the fundamental quantities of mass, length, time, etc.derived units - these are units for measuring the derived quantities such as area, pressure, volume, etc.Pb and Pw are values that express pressure in different units.
In order to add them together, Pb and Pw must be expressed in similar units.
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How can you make an item that is made of magnetic material become a permanent magnet instead of a temporary magnet
You can put it in a very strong magnetic field to make an item that is made of magnetic material become a permanent magnet instead of a temporary magnet. Therefore, option 1 is correct.
What are three ways to make a permanent magnet?Magnets are produced by subjecting ferromagnetic metals such as iron and nickel to magnetic fields. Magnets can be made in three ways: (1) One-touch method (2) Method of two touches (3) Making use of electric current.
A magnetic field is created, and the metal piece is transformed into a magnet by passing electricity through it. Controlling the electric supply changes the strength of the magnetic field.
Thus, option 1 is correct.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably your question was
How can you make an item that is made of magnetic material become a permanent magnet instead of a temporary magnet? *
1.You can put it in a very strong magnetic field. 2.You can heat it while it is being influenced by a magnetic field. 3. You can leave it in the magnetic field of an actual magnet for a long time. 4. You can do any of the above.
Under constant pressure, a system of gases is sealed in a cylinder and then allowed to expand. What can you conclude about the work associated with this change?
A. Work is negative and is done to the system.
B. Work is negative and is done by the system.
C. Work is positive and is done to the system.
D. Work is positive and is done by the system.
Option D is correct.
In this scenario, work is positive and is done by the system. This is because the expansion of the gas results in an increase in its internal energy, which is equivalent to the work done by the system.
The increase in internal energy can be thought of as the transfer of energy from the system to its surroundings. When the gas expands, its volume increases, which results in a decrease in the pressure of the gas and an increase in its internal energy.
Work refers to the transfer of energy that occurs when a force acts on an object, causing it to move. In this scenario, we will examine work in a system of gases that is sealed in a cylinder and allowed to expand under constant pressure.
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Which of the following is(are) NOT a type of crystalline solid?A) covalent solidb) molecular solidc) amorphous solidd) ionic solide) metallic solid
Amorphous solid are not a type of crystalline solid.
Crystalline solids: Particles are arranged in a three dimensional order. The particles having an equal intermolecular forces. They have sharp melting point as well as they are anisotropic. They are also called true solids. Example: Benzoic acid, Diamond.
Amorphous solid: Amorphous has an irregular arrangement of solid particles. The intermolecular forces are not an equal. Also, the distance between the particles varies. They have an undefined geometric shape. They are also known as supercooled liquids. Example: Naphthalene, glass
Amorphous solids, lacking the three-dimensional long-range order of a crystalline material, which possess a more random arrangement of molecules, and exhibit short-range order over a few molecular dimensions, and have physical properties are quite different from those of their corresponding crystalline states.
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What are the examples of linkage isomerism?
An example of linkage isomerism is [CO(NH₃)₅(ONO)]Cl₂ (pentaamminenitro-O-cobalt(III)chloride) and [CO(NH₃)₅NO₂]Cl₂ (pentaamminenitro-N-cobalt (III) chloride).
Coordination compounds which have the same chemical composition but they have different properties as a result of their different modes of attachment of the ligand to the central atom through the different sites are known as linkage isomers and this process involving linkage is known as linkage isomerism.
In [CO(NH₃)₅(ONO)]Cl₂, is a red colored compound which is linked to the central atom through an oxygen (O) atom whereas in the case of [CO(NH₃)₅NO₂]Cl₂, which is a yellow-colored compound, the linkage to the central atom is through a nitrogen (N) atom.
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A compound is 40% carbon, 6. 7% hydrogen, and 53. 3% oxygen. What is the empirical formula? ch2o2 ch2o c2h4o c2h4o2.
The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest whole-number ratio of its atoms. Based on the percent composition of the compound, the empirical formula can be calculated as follows:
C: 40% = 4 atoms
H: 6.7% = 0.67 atoms (rounded to 1 atom)
O: 53.3% = 5.33 atoms (rounded to 6 atoms)
The empirical formula is therefore C2H4O2.
How is the empirical formula calculated from the elemental composition of a compound?The empirical formula of a compound can be calculated from its elemental composition by dividing the number of atoms of each element by the greatest common factor. The resulting formula represents the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound. For example, if a compound is 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen, the number of atoms can be calculated as follows: 40 g of carbon corresponds to 10 moles, 6.7 g of hydrogen corresponds to 1 mole, and 53.3 g of oxygen corresponds to 6.5 moles. The empirical formula is then C2H4O, which represents the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound.
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g a sample of chloroform is found to contain g of carbon, g of chlorine, and g of hydrogen. if a second sample of chloroform is found to contain g of carbon, what is the total mass of chloroform in the second sample?
To calculate the total mass of chloroform in the second sample, you need to use the molecular formula for chloroform, which is CHCl3.
This means that for every 1 gram of carbon in the sample, there will be 1.5 grams of chlorine and 3 grams of hydrogen, for a total of 5.5 grams of chloroform. So if the second sample contains 1 gram of carbon, then the total mass of chloroform in the sample will be 5.5 grams.
For example, if a reaction produces 1 mole of chloroform, then 3 moles of hydrogen and 1.5 moles of chlorine should be used. Knowing the molar ratios of the reactants and products in a reaction can help you determine the mass of chloroform produced or consumed.
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an aluminum nail has an excess charge of 3.2 µc. how many electrons must be added to the nail to make it electrically neutral?
An aluminum nail has an excess charge of 3.2 µc. The number of the electrons must be added to the nail to make it electrically neutral is 2 × 10¹³.
The Excess charge in the nail = 3.2 × 10^-6 C
Let the charge required to the electrically neutral = x
3.2 × 10⁻⁶ + x = 0
x = - 3.2 × 10⁻⁶ C
The expression is as follows :
q = n e
where
q = the magnitude of charge,
e = charge of electron
n = number of electrons.
q = n e
- 3.2 × 10⁻⁶ = n × (- 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹)
n = 2 × 10¹³
Thus, the number of electrons to be added to the nail to make it electrically neutral is 2 × 10¹³.
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we use the henderson-hasselbalch equation to determine how much strong base to add to a certain quantity of weak acid to make up a buffer at a given ph. why do we use the henderson-hasselbalch equation? why do we not just subtract or add molar amounts of acid and base
what is the main intramolecular force between two molecules of propanoic acid?
The main intramolecular force between two molecules of propanoic acid is the hydrogen bonding.
The intermolecular forces is the attractive force that occurs between the positive and the negative components of the molecules. The main intramolecular force between the two molecules of the propanoic acid is the hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen atom bonded with the high electronegative atom and the another more electronegative atom.
The hydrogen bonding are of the two types :
Intermolecular hydrogen bondingIntramolecular hydrogen bondingThus, the two molecules of the propanoic acid are held together by the intermolecular force of attraction that is hydrogen bonding.
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