When (R)-6-bromo-2,6-dimethylnonane is dissolved in CH3OH, nucleophilic substitution yields an optically inactive solution. When the isomeric halide (R)-2-bromo-2,5- dimethylnonane is dissolved in CH3OH under the same conditions, nucleophilic substitution forms an optically active solution. Draw the products formed in each reaction, and explain why the difference in optical activity is observed.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

The nucleophile here is CH3OH. We know that CH3OH is a good nucleophile that promotes SN2 reanction. However, (R)-6-bromo-2,6-dimethylnonane is a tertiary alkyl halide so the reaction proceeds by SN1 mechanism. This means that a racemic mixture is obtained at the end of the reaction because the attack occurs at the stereogenic carbon atom (6R) hence the product is optically inactive.

On the other hand, when (5R)-2-bromo-2,5-dimethylnonane is reacted with CH3OH, an optically active product is obtained because; though a tertiary alkyl halide and reaction occurs by SN1 mechanism, the attack does not occur at the stereogenic carbon atom (5R). Therefore, an optically active product is obtained in this case.


Related Questions

A chemist dissolves 240mg of pure barium hydroxide in enough water to make up of solution. Calculate the pH of the solution. (The temperature of the solution is .)

Answers

Answer:

pH = 12.22

Explanation:

... To make up 170mL of solution... The temperature is 25°C...

The dissolution of Barium Hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂ occurs as follows:

Ba(OH)₂ ⇄ Ba²⁺(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq)

Where 1 mole of barium hydroxide produce 2 moles of hydroxide ion.

To solve this question we need to convert mass of the hydroxide to moles with its molar mass. Twice these moles are moles of hydroxide ion (Based on the chemical equation). With moles of OH⁻ and the volume we can find [OH⁻] and [H⁺] using Kw. As pH = -log[H⁺], we can solve this problem:

Moles Ba(OH)₂ molar mass: 171.34g/mol

0.240g * (1mol / 171.34g) = 1.4x10⁻³ moles * 2 =

2.80x10⁻³ moles of OH⁻

Molarity [OH⁻] and [H⁺]

2.80x10⁻³ moles of OH⁻ / 0.170L = 0.01648M

As Kw at 25°C is 1x10⁻¹⁴:

Kw = 1x10⁻¹⁴ = [OH⁻] [H⁺]

[H⁺] = Kw / [OH⁻] = 1x10⁻¹⁴/0.01648M = 6.068x10⁻¹³M

pH:

pH = -log [H⁺]

pH = -log [6.068x10⁻¹³M]

pH = 12.22

______ is a state function dealing with the disorder of the universe, and therefore the likelihood that a chemical reaction will take place. g

Answers

Answer: Entropy.

Explanation:

If we recall the laws of thermodynamics, there is a state function called entropy, that is related to the disorder in the system.

Such that, for example, in a gas expansion, we will have an increase in the "disorder" then we will have an increase in the entropy, this happens because we have more volume where the particles can be, then we have a larger number of "microstates" (or microscopic states, which refers to the states of the particles that conform the gas)

Particularly, when we go into statistical thermodynamics, there is something called the "Statistical entropy" that is related to the information theory, where the entropy depends on the number of possible outcomes that some event, like a chemical reaction, can have.

For a larger number of possible outcomes, we will have a larger entropy (we can think of this larger number of possible options as a disorder) and this entropy will be related to the statistical probability of each one of those outcomes.

Where the (most general) equation for the entropy is:

S = Kb*Σpₙ*ln(pₙ)

Where pₙ is the probability for the n-th outcome.

Kb is Boltzman's constant.

What is the molar mass of magnesium
nitrate? Round to the nearest 0.01, and
include correct units AND substance
formula.

ANYONE CAN HELP ME WITH QUESTION PLEASE ?

Answers

Answer:148.31 Grams per mol

Explanation: It has been a long time since I took chemistry.

I believe you add up all the elements molar mass.

magnesium nitrate is Mg(NO3)2 so you add

MG  24.30

N 14.01 * 2 = 28.01

O 16.00 * 6 = 96.00

total is 148.31 grams per mol

I hope this helps.  

 

The molar mass of magnesium nitrate is 148.31 grams per mol.

What is molar mass ?

The term molar mass is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance of any sample of the known compound. A mole of any substance is 6.022 × 10²³ molecules.

1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ elementary entities.

The molar mass of a substance is calculated by adding the quality atomic masses in g/mol of the constituent atoms. Molar mass is represented by the symbol "M".

For calculating molar mass of magnesium nitrate is Mg(NO3)2

Mg =  24.30

Nitrogen = 14.01 × 2

= 28.01

Oxygen = 16.00 × 6

= 96.00

Therefore, molar mass of magnesium nitrate is Mg(NO3)2

=  24.30 + 28.01 + 96.00

=  148.31 grams per mol.

Thus, The molar mass of magnesium nitrate is 148.31 grams per mol.

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which if the following is not an example of chemical change

A.iron crusting

B.cutting paper

C. apple ripening

D.a piece of wood burning

Answers

I’ve taken this before, cutting paper is not an example of chemical change, it’s supposed to be a physical change.
The answer is B because you have to physically cut paper and that would be physical change instead of chemical

An aqueous solution of 6.70 M ammonia, NH3, has a density of 0.950 g/mL. The percent by mass of NH3 in the solution is %.

Answers

Answer:

12.01% by mass

Explanation:

Percent by mass is 100 times the mass of solute (ammonia) over the mass of the solution. In molarity, we have the moles of ammonia per liter of solution. There are 6.70moles of NH3 in 1L. Thus, we need to convert the moles of ammonia to grams and the liters of solution to grams:

Mass ammonia - Molar mass: 17.031g/mol-

6.70moles * (17.031g / mol) = 114.1g NH₃

Mass solution:

1L * (1000mL / 1L) = 1000mL * (0.950g/mL) = 950g

Percent by mass:

114.1g NH₃ / 950g * 100 =

12.01% by mass

What is the most effective long-term solution to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions
Drive less
Find alternatives to fossil fuels
Increase gas mileage on cars
Recycle the gas

Answers

Answer:

Find alternatives to fossil fuels

Explanation:

The most effective long - term solution to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emission is to find alternatives to fossil fuels.

Fossil fuels consumption and use in most industrial processes are some of the leading causes of huge carbon signatures in the atmosphere.

When fossil fuels are broken down, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Fossil fuels have become the main stay energy sources in the world today. An alternative to them will serve the ecosystem well.

which of the following is NOT a clue that a chemical reaction has taken place?

A:release of gas
B:color change
C:mixing of the reactants
D:formation of a precipitate

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

My reason is color change is an example

Mixing reactants is a chemical change clue

formation of precipitate is a clue

so that leaves A

When an alkene is subjected to treatment with Hg(OAc)2 in alcohol followed by reaction with NaBH4, what new class of compound is formed

Answers

Answer:

The new class of compound formed is an alcohol.

Explanation:

The treatment of an alkene with Hg(OAc)₂ in alcohol followed by reaction with NaBH₄ gives an alcohol. This reaction is known as oxymercuration-demercuration reaction. It is a two-step pathway which proceeds in the Markovnikov manner. In this reaction, the alkene react with the Mercury salt (Hg(OAc)₂) and a nucleophile (alcohol) to form an organomercury intermediate. The intermediate's carbon-mercury bond is then converted to carbon-hydrogen bond by the reaction with NaBH₄. An alcohol is then produced.

Chrysocolla is a copper mineral that contains .016 % silicon. What is the mass of silicon present in 1.5kg of this mineral

Answers

Answer:

 .24 mg

Explanation:

The mineral contains .016 % silicon

mass of the mineral = 1.5 kg

mass of silicon = 1.5 x .016 %

= 1.5 x .016 / 100

= 24 x 10⁻⁵ kg

= 24 x 10⁻² mg

= .24 mg .

Many reactions double their rates with every ten degrees rise in temperature. Assume that such a reaction takes place at 301 K and 311 K. What must its activation energy be for this statement to hold

Answers

Answer:

57.6 KJ/mol

Explanation:

We have that;

T1 = 301 K

T2= 311 K

k1 = k1

k2= 2k1

R = 8.314 JK-1

Ea= ?

So;

ln(k1/k2) = (-Ea/R) (1/T1 - 1/T2)

ln (k1/2k1) = -(Ea/8.314) (1/301 - 1/311)

ln(1/2) = -(Ea/8.314) (3.3 * 10^-3 - 3.2 * 10^-3)

-0.693 = -(Ea/8.314) 0.1 * 10^-3

-0.693/ 0.1  * 10^-3 = -(Ea/8.314)

-6930 =  -(Ea/8.314)

Ea = 6930 * 8.314

Ea = 57.6 KJ/mol

7. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a solution?
a. It is a uniform mixture
b. It will scatter a beam of light
c. The solute and solvent cannot be distinguished by the naked eye
d. The solute particles cannot be separated by filtering

Answers

Answer: b. It will scatter a beam of light

Hopeful it help

what is a benefit of the artificial selection for the environment and explain it. please help!! ​

Answers

1x+cb=23

thios  is right because math

1 If 5.80 L of gas is collected at a pressure of 92.0 kPa, what volume will the same gas occupy at 101.3 kPa if the temperature stays constant

Answers

Answer:

The volume that the same gas will occupy at 101.3 kPa if the temperature is kept constant is 5.27 L.

Explanation:

As the volume increases, the particles (atoms or molecules) of the gas take longer to reach the walls of the container and therefore collide with them less times per unit of time. This means that the pressure will be lower because it represents the frequency of collisions of the gas against the walls. In this way pressure and volume are related, determining Boyle's law that says:

"The volume occupied by a given gaseous mass at constant temperature is inversely proportional to pressure"

Boyle's law is expressed mathematically as:

P * V = k

Now it is possible to assume that you have a certain volume of gas V1 that is at a pressure P1 at the beginning of the experiment. If you vary the volume of gas to a new value V2, then the pressure will change to P2, and it will be fulfilled:

P1 * V1 = P2 * V2

In this case, you have:

P1= 92 kPaV1= 5.80 LP2= 101.3 kPaV2= ?

Replacing:

92 kPa* 5.80 L= 101.3 kPa* V2

and solving, you get:

[tex]V2=\frac{92 kPa* 5.80 L}{101.3 kPa}[/tex]

V2= 5.27 L

The volume that the same gas will occupy at 101.3 kPa if the temperature is kept constant is 5.27 L.

Observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. Assuming that the inner rings are full of electrons, how many electrons are there total in each atom

Answers

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Chlorine has three shells. We know that the first shell contains two electrons, the other shell has eight electrons while the last shell has seven electrons. This means that chlorine has seventeen electrons.

For sodium, there are also three shells. The first shell has two electrons as usual. The next shell has eight electrons while the last shell has only one electron. This makes a total of eleven electrons for sodium.

Answer: sodium-11

chlorine-17

Explanation: meow

I’ll mark brainliest!!!
What are the products of a fission reaction? Check all that apply.

-lighter atoms

-energy

-heavier atoms

-neutrons

-protons

Answers

Answer: lighter atoms

energy

neutrons

Explanation:

A nuclear fission is simply defined as a nuclear reaction whereby the nucleus of an atom is being divided into smaller nuclei which are also lighter. An energy is also released when this occurs.

Therefore, the products of a fission include lighter atoms, energy and neutrons.

Answer:

lighter atoms

energy

neutrons

Explanation: took test

How many moles are in 6.21x1025 atoms of magnesium oxide?

Answers

Answer: 55.56 moles of MgO

Explanation:

1 mole = avogadro number

if 6.21x10^25 atoms then molecules of MgO (equal numbers of Mg and O atoms)

= 0.5*6.21x10^25 = 3.105 molecules of MgO

So moles of MgO = 0.5*6.21*10^25/avogadro number = 55.56

Choose ALL of the factors that influence climate
Lesson 1.03
closeness to bodies of water
Altitude ( height above sea level)
latitude
geographic location
ocean currents

Answers

Answer: Its all of them

Explanation: I just took the test

A piece of silver metal weighting 194.3 g is placed in a graduated cylinder containg 242.0 ml of water.the volume of water now reads 260.5 ml. calculate the denstyof the metal​

Answers

Answer:

10.50 g/mL

Explanation:

The density of a substance can be found by using the formula

[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\[/tex]

volume = final volume of water - initial volume of water

volume = 260.5 - 242 = 18.5 mL

We have

[tex]density = \frac{194.3}{18.5} \\ = 10.5027[/tex]

We have the final answer as

10.50 g/mL

Hope this helps you

When warm air is forced upward along a cold front what might happen?

Answers

Answer: With the cold front, warm air is rapidly forced upward (like the shavings) in advance of the actual front (the “cutter”), creating towering cumulus clouds, some hard showers and quite possibly a few gusty thunderstorms followed by a push of cooler and drier air in its wake.

Explanation:

3. Which compound has the greatest molar mass?

A. H2O B. C6H12O6 C. HNO3 D. C2H6

Answers

C₆H₁₂O₆ has the greatest molar mass (180 g/mol)

Further explanation

Given

Compounds of A. H2O B. C6H12O6 C. HNO3 D. C2H6

Required

The greatest molar mass

Solution

The molar mass(molecular mass-formula mass) of a compound is the sum of the relative atomic mass (Ar) of the constituent elements of the compound

A. H₂O : 2.1+16 = 18 g/mol

B. C₆H₁₂O₆ : 6.12+12.1+6.16=180 g/mol

C. HNO₃ : 1.1+1.14+3.16=63 g/mol

D. C₂H₆ : 2.12+6.1 = 30 g/mol

Which causes genetic variations and can result in different alleles?

predation rate
random mutations
competition
environmental changes

Answers

Answer:

Environmental Changes

Explanation:

Answer:

d

Explanation:

Please help me thanks so much....I’ll mark you?!?!:))))(11 points)

Answers

Answer:

the first one

Explanation:

what is the correct meaning of the word justify?

he was not sure how he would be able to justify. his actions to his family.

a. change for the better
b. prove to be right
c. claim to understand
d. describe in detail

Answers

The answer is B.prove to be right
the answer is B .prove to be right


Which substance can not be broken down by a chemical change?
A)
magnesium
B)
water
C)
methane
D)
ammonia

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

its too much of a solid to be broken down

The substance can not be broken down by a chemical change is A)magnesium.

What is a substance?

substance can be regarded as a  particular kind of matter which posses a uniform properties.

Therefore, during a chemical change all the given substance can be broken down because they are compounds, but magnesium is an element which cannot be broken down.

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What is the mass of 0.5 moles of ammonia, NH3?

Answers

Answer:

Mass = 8.5 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of ammonia = ?

Number of moles = 0.5 mol

Solution:

Formula:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Molar mass of ammonia = 17 g/mol

By putting values,

Mass = 0.5 mol × 17 g/mol

Mass = 8.5 g

Coach Ramirez made a cup of tea and stirred it with a spoon. The spoon became warm, How was the heat from the tea transferred to the spoon? *
Convection
Conduction
Radiation
Evaporation

Answers

Conduction conduction is when things heat up when they are touching

Circle the letter of cach sentence that is true about silica.
a. It is formed from oxygen and nitrogen. b. It makes magma thicker, .
C. It is rarcly found in the crust,
d. It produces light-colored lava.​

Answers

The answer is either A or B I’m not sure

Answer:

The correct answer choices are B and D.

Explanation:

A volcanic eruption happens when magma reaches the surface of the earth.  Depending on the amount of gas and the silica content of the magma, the lava and the type of eruption can vary.  Silica, which forms from the elements silicon and oxygen, makes the lava thicker and less runny. When lava is thick, the volcanic eruption tends to be more explosive.  The amount of silica also changes the color and density of the lava, which then makes different kinds of igneous rocks.  As the gas content of the lava goes up, the eruption becomes more explosive.  

Could someone help as soon as possible PLEASEEEEEEEEE...

Answers

Answer:

A, D, E

Explanation:

a. "A dog panting to stay cool on a hot day" is a mechanism the dog employs to maintain it's body temperature. This is homeostasis.

d. "A bear hibernates in order to reduce their metabolism and conserve energy during the winter" is also all about keeping the internal condition of the bear's body constant. So this is also an example of homeostasis.

e. The lizard trying to keep regulate it's body temperature is also part of homeostasis.

An isotope has 15 protons, 16 neutrons, and 15 electrons. What is the isotopic notation of the isotope

Answers

Answer:

[tex]^{31}_{15}P[/tex] is the isotopic notation of the atom

Explanation:

The isotope notation is:

[tex]^a_bX[/tex]

Where a is the mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons

b is atomic number = Number of protons

The atomic number define the nature of the atom, the element with atomic number = 15 is phosphorus, P:

[tex]^a_bP[/tex]

a = 15 protons + 16 neutrons = 31

b = 15

[tex]^{31}_{15}P[/tex] is the isotopic notation of the atom.

Please help me thanks so much....I’ll mark you?!?!:)))) ( 15 points)

Answers

Answer:

the first one

Explanation:

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