Answer:
1- It's often impossible to repeat trials on the same subjects. 2-Subjects may report an inaccurate medical history. 3-It can be difficult to control all possible variables. 4-It's impossible to come up with testable scientific questions for human subjects.
Explanation:
i hope this helps u
What is evolution? Evolution explains how life on Earth diversified. Evolution explains why Earth can support life. Evolution explains how life on Earth began. Evolution explains how fossils form.
Answer:
S.A for Edmentum and Plato
Like and Rate!!!
Explanation:
The interactions and long-term effects of these interactions between organisms and their environments are what lead to evolution and variety. The variety of settings that exist encourages a diversity of creatures that are adapted to them.
What Evolution explains why Earth can support life?The term "evolution" describes the gradual emergence of new traits within a population. This contributes to the explanation of diversity since novel traits might result in the emergence of totally new species and populations.
Darwin argued that species can evolve through time, that new species develop from older ones, and that all species descended from a single progenitor. Organisms are constantly adapting to their environments.
Therefore, In this theory, each species has its own distinct set of heritable (genetic) differences from the common ancestor, which have been slowly building up over very long periods of time.
Learn more about evolution here:
https://brainly.com/question/13492988
#SPJ2
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category
Inner ear cells detecting head position
Skin receptors detecting clothing
Respond to change
Respond continuously
Sensitivity remains constant
Sensitivity decreases over time
Nociceptors continually detecting pain
Answer:
The cells of the ear detect these the position of the head: proprioceptors are guided in the hydrostative pressure and the movement of the intracochlear fluid with the movement. That is why it complies with the following statements: Sensitivity remains constant, Responds to change (we say that it responds to change because when changing position the intracochlear fluid is where the movement of the head is perceived).
The proprioceptors of the epithelial cells (MERKEL CELLS. THEY ARE THE ONLY SENSORY CELLS TOGETHER WITH THOSE OF LANGERHANS), are proprioceptors that capture different textile textures that contact the skin. But throughout our lives this sensitivity decreases, that is why it complies with the following statements: Responds continuously, Sensitivity decreases over time, nociceptors continuously detect pain (to be able to perceive if the innate protective barrier that is epithelial continuity is damaged, since in the face of damage or discontinuity due to a cut or injury we are unprotected by the innate epithelial defense barrier).
Explanation:
I hope the answer has served you, the body's proprioceptors are everywhere and are receptors specialized in capturing very fine stimuli, that is why they are considered proprioceptors with a very low uptake threshold.
The textural propipceptors that are epithelial, or pain, are different from those found in the ear.
Part 1: Read each question carefully and choose the correct answer.
1. Which statement regarding the peer review process is not correct?
The system of peer review is used to _____.
a. select the research deemed worthy of consideration by others in the field
b. give the authors feedback on the validity of methodologies and reasonableness of conclusions
c. improve the quality of the paper before it is published
d. determine conclusively the conclusions of the paper
2. Compare and contrast the three basic types of experiments. Provide an example of each one to support your statements.
Part 2: Read the passage carefully and then answer the following question.
Researchers at a major university are testing a new drug to lower cholesterol, called Choless. They started the study by testing mice. Once they received the proper FDA clearances, they began trials on humans. They began testing on males, whose ages ranged between 30 and 60 years old. The researchers split the participants into two groups. Group A was given Choless, while Group B was given placebos. A placebo is completely harmless and looks exactly like Choless, but it contains no active medicine. None of the participants knew whether they were taking Choless or the placebo. The participants were to eat a diet low in saturated fats, and high in protein and fiber. Each participant's cholesterol levels were tested and recorded every week.
Based on the passage above, determine each part of the experiment:
subject:
control:
constant:
independent variable:
dependent variable:
Part 3: Identify the independent, dependent, and constant variables for different experiments.
Note: You may have identified constant variables not mentioned in the experiment scenario. So long as these variables are reasonable (such as same weather conditions, same ambient temperature, etc.), they should be accepted as correct.
Experiment 1: A soap manufacturer runs an experiment to compare the foaming action of different dish detergents. Equal amounts of each brand of detergent are placed in identical containers half-filled with water. The water and dish detergent are at a temperature of 20°Celsius. Each container is agitated for 30 seconds, and then the height of the foam is measured.
a. independent variable:
b. dependent variable:
c. constant variable(s):
Experiment 2: A car manufacturer wants to determine the effect of weight on gas mileage for a particular model of car. The gas tanks of ten identical cars are filled with the same type of gas. Each car has a different amount of weight in its trunk. Each car is driven at the same pace around a level track for 200 miles. The amount of gasoline left in each tank is measured.
a. independent variable:
b. dependent variable:
c. constant variable(s):
Experiment 3: A biologist tests different lighting conditions for bacteria. She uses the same number of the same strain of bacteria on each petri dish, with the same type and amount of growing medium on each. Each petri dish is subjected to a different amount of light for a 24-hour period. After this time, the biologist counts the number of bacteria on each petri dish.
a. independent variable:
b. dependent variable:
c. constant variable(s):
Experiment 4: An oceanographer wishes to study the effect of salinity on the growth of a certain type of aquatic plant. Imagine an experiment the oceanographer can conduct and identify the possible variables.
a. independent variable:
b. dependent variable:
c. constant variable(s):
Answer:
1. d
Explanation:
The correct answer would be that the system of peer review is used to determine conclusively the conclusions of the paper.
The system of peer review refers to the process of evaluating a scientific report or paper by one or more independent scientists who have a similar background as the producer of the report or paper.
The reviewers evaluate the methodologies and various claims made by the original researcher and give feedback on their validity as well as make criticism of the paper in order to improve its quality before final publication. However, reviewers do not alter the claims or conclusions of papers, they can only query them.
Hence, options a, b, and c are correct as far as the peer review system is concerned.
The only incorrect option here is d.
2. There are 3 types of experiments, namely:
controlled experimentfield experimentnatural experimentThe controlled experiment involves the comparison of experimental group with control group. The two groups are subjected to the same conditions except for the variable whose effects are being researched.
The field experiment takes place outside the laboratory settings as opposed to other types of experiments. The subjects of the field experiment are studied in their natural environment outside the lab.
The natural experiment involves studying a phenomenon naturally without having control, unlike the controlled experiment. Observations are just recorded and are used to arrive at predictions or hypotheses.
Part 2:
Subject: 30 - 60 years old males
Control: Group B, the placebo group
Constant: Diet.
Independent variable: Administered drugs (choless and placebo)
Dependent variable: cholesterol level.
Part 3
Experiment 1:
a. Independent variable: types of detergent
b. dependent variable: height of foam
c. constant variables: amount of water, container type, temperature, period of agitation.
Experiment 2:
a. independent variable: amount of weight in each car
b. dependent variable: amount of gasoline left in each car
c. constant variable: car, type of gas, speed of car, distance covered by car.
Experiment 3
a. independent variable: amount of light
b. dependent variable: number of remnant bacterial cells after exposure to light
c. constant variable: initial number of bacteria, petri dish, type/amount of growth medium.
Experiment 4
a. independent variable: level of salinity
b. dependent variable: biomass of plant
c. constant variable: type of plant, period of growth, growth conditions.
Rank each of the following uterine changes associated with the menstrual cycle in chronological order using #1 to identify the earliest event.
A. The endometrium thickens due to secretion and fluid accumulation.
B. Menstrual fluid in the uterus accumulates and is discharged.
C. Due to a degeneration of the corpus luteum, the lack of progesterone causes the endometrium to begin to degenerate.
D. The endometrium begins to thicken due to rapid cell division.
Answer:
#1 The endometrium begins to thicken due to rapid cell division.
#2 The endometrium thickens due to secretion and fluid accumulation.
#3 Due to a degeneration of the corpus luteum, the lack of progesterone causes
#4 Menstrual fluid in the uterus accumulates and is discharged.
Explanation:
menstrual cycles is divided into two phases the follicular and luteal phases, each phase takes about 14 days to complete its cycle. At the follicular phase, the lining of the uterus
called the endometrium breaks down and shed as menstrual bleeding. After the follicular phase there is an increase in hormonal level of follicle stimulating hormone and Lutenizing hormone this leads to ovulation and the rupture and release of the egg follicle in the ovary.
luteal phase involves the formation of corpus luteum where the egg ruptures for a new cycle to start.
A trait that is adaptive spreads faster through sexually reproducing organisms.
a) true
b) false
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Because it adapts to the repoducting organism
what is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele?
Answer:
Some alleles are dominant, meaning they ultimately determine the expression of a trait. Other alleles are recessive and are much less likely to be expressed.
Which choice best summarizes the outcome of Reid’s experiment
This question seems to be incomplete because the experiment is not described but it is possible to answer it.
The correct answer is B. Redi disproved spontaneous generation.
Explanation:
Francesco Redi was an important scientist during the 17th century known for his experiments about maggots in rotten meat. This is because during Redi's time it was believed rotten meat was the origin of maggots because maggots seemed to emerge from this. Additionally, this perception was related to the spontaneous generation or the idea life can emerge from non-living materials. The results of this experiment show the idea about spontaneous generation was not true in the case of meat and maggots because maggots were simply the result of eggs flies laid on rotten meat. This means this experiment disproved spontaneous generation.
Answer:
The correct answer is B. Redi disproved spontaneous generation.
Explanation:
Hope this helps! Sorry for being rude earlier. I was just mad that I got the answer wrong.
School is a symbol of social organization.
Explain
Answer:
At School, you communicate and work with your peers to get projects and assignments completed. It involves a lot of communication and social interaction.
Explanation:
The periodic table _____.
Answer:
The periodic table _____.
1. is arranged by atomic mass
2. is arranged by number of protons
3. was developed by early alchemists
4. is divided into vertical periods and horizontal groups
Explanation:
Answer:
of elements
Explanation:
Only thing that makes sense, because that's the complete name
What would the rabbit need to stay alive n healthy PLEASE HELP ITS DUE TONIGHT
Answer:
carrots
Explanation:
carrots
Classify each action as belonging to genetics, genomics, or both. Genetics Genomics Both.
a. study individual gene
b. study interactions between many genes
c. study DNA
d. sequence genome of organisms
e. control gene expression
f. observe mutant effects across the genome
1. Genetics
2. Genomics
3. Both study
Answer:
a- 1
b- 2
c- 2
d- 2
e- 2
f- 2
Explanation:
Genetics and Genomics are two terms that are used commonly in molecular biology but mean entirely different things.
Genetics is the study of individual (single) genes and their role in genetic inheritance i.e. heredity while Genomics is the study of all the genetic composition of an individual (genome) and how they interact with one another and their environment.
Based on the explanation above,
- the study of individual gene is classified as GENETICS
- study interactions between many genes is classified as GENOMICS
- study of DNA, which contains all the genes of an individual is classified as GENOMICS
- sequencing the genome of organisms is classified as GENOMICS.
- control of gene expression is classified as GENOMICS because it involves expression of information in the genes, which is a branch of genomics called functional genomics
- observing mutant effects across the genome is classified as GENOMICS
Classify each action as belonging to genetics, genomics, or both.
a. Study individual gene - Genetics
b. Study interactions between many genes - Genomics
c. Study DNA - Both (primarily Genetics)
d. Sequence genome of organisms - Genomics
e. Control gene expression - Genetics
f. Observe mutant effects across the genome - Genomics
Therefore, the correct options for A, B, C, D, E and F are 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 and 2 respectively.
Individual genes are the main subject of genetics, which also looks at how they are transmitted among populations as well as their structure, function, and variations. It involves examining the genetic information and traits that are transferred from one generation to the next. When studying the relationships between multiple genes and their overall effects on an organism, genomics takes a macro approach.
Therefore, the correct options for A, B, C, D, E and F are 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 and 2 respectively.
Learn more about genomics, here:
https://brainly.com/question/32417737
#SPJ6
3. Which of these is NOT helpful with memorization?
Repetition
Stimuli
Connection
Attention
C. Connection is NOT helpful with memorization.
Is memorization a skill?Memorization is an ability that may be useful to humans in a spread of conditions, whether or not for paintings or of their private lifestyles. you can grow to be higher at memorizing data whilst you actively interact with methods to make remembering information easier.
what is memorized example?In case you memorize something, you examine it so properly that you could repeat it from memory. John memorized a mathematical encyclopedia but he still would not recognize arithmetic. she can memorize a whole web page from a newspaper in a single minute.
Learn more about memorization at https://brainly.com/question/9134427
#SPJ2
Kinases and phosphatases are essential in the cell because they directly Kinases and phosphatases are essential in the cell because they directly turn proteins "on and off" through changes in phosphorylation status. destroy IP3, turning off that signaling pathway. bind hydrophobic hormones in the cytoplasm. bind and release calcium ions. activate and repress genes.
Answer:
The correct answers is "turn proteins "on and off" through changes in phosphorylation status".
Explanation:
Kinases and phosphatases are two type of enzymes that catalyze the transference of phosphate groups, where kinases add phosphate groups and phosphatases cleave them. Both are essential because turn proteins "on and off" through changes in the aforementioned phosphorylation status. Most of the phosphorylation are reversible, and they are considered as allosteric regulation
Kinase is an enzyme responsible for attaching phosphate groups to protein while phosphatases remove the attached phosphate group from the protein.
These two enzymes modulate the activity of a protein in a cell which is very important for cell functioning and communications.
The correct answer is:
Kinases and phosphatases are essential in the cell because they directly turn proteins "on and off" through changes in phosphorylation status.
The reason for the answer is:
Phosphorylase and kinase are the enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups to the proteins.Kinases are responsible for adding phosphate groups while phosphatase cleaves them. They are antagonistic.They take part in the phosphorylation process of protein and are reversible.They regulate the working of protein by switching on and off with the help of these enzymes.Therefore, Kinases and phosphatases are essential in the cell because they directly turn proteins "on and off" through changes in phosphorylation status.
To learn more about kinases and phosphatase follow the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/13050583
A student argues that two species of birds are the same species because they have similar body structures, similar DNA, and similar beaks. Another student argues that the birds are different species because they have different color patterns and have a different mating season. Which piece of evidence supports the second student's argument? The birds have similar body structure. The birds have similar beaks. The birds have different color variations. The birds have different mating seasons
A piece of evidence that supports the second student's argument is: D. The birds have different mating seasons.
What is a species?A species can be defined as a biological classification of related organisms that have similar characteristics and they are capable of breeding (mating) with one another in a cycle or seasons.
Some examples of species of various organisms include the following:
Moose (Alces laces)Black bears (Ursus americans) Giraffa camelopardalisHumansJack pines (Pinus banksiana) BirdsIn conclusion, the second student's argument is supported by the fact that birds have different mating seasons.
Read more on species here: brainly.com/question/15971107
In same species, a piece of evidence that supports the second student's argument is the birds have different mating seasons.
What are the characteristics of species?In biology, a species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
If the offspring cannot breed and produce offspring, then the original two organisms are classified as different species. For example, a donkey and a horse are different species, but they are capable of mating and reproducing an organism.
The classification system commonly used today is based on the Linnean system and has eight levels of taxa; from the most general to the most specific, these are domain, kingdom, phylum (plural, phyla), class, order, family, genus (plural, genera), and species.
Learn more about species:
https://brainly.com/question/13259455
#SPJ5
In sheep, white is due to a dominant gene (W), black to its recessive allele (w). A white ewe mated to a white ram produces a black lamb. If they produce another offspring, could it be white? If so, what are the chances of it being white? List the genotypes of all animals mentioned in this problem.
Answer:
Yes, 75%
Explanation:
Since the first offspring produced between the ram and the ewe was black you can determine that both sheep have a recessive and dominant allele. Both of the parent's genotypes would be Ww, this is because they both have the white phenotype and they were able to produce a black offspring. Since both parents have a genotype of Ww the probability of a black offspring being produced is 25% and 75% for a white lamb.
Which of the following does not describe a ribosome?
A. It is a very large enzyme.
B. It is found in the nucleus
C. It makes polypeptides.
D. It includes a large and a small subunit
Explanation:
option A is ur answer mate. ........
Answer:
A,B
Explanation:
The table below shows the amount of carbohydrates in similar servings of different fruits. Amount of Carbohydrates in Fruit 237 mL of Fruit Carbohydrates (Grams) Apples 17 Bananas 34 Cherries 19 Grapefruit 24 Oranges 21 Peaches 16 Watermelons 12 If this data was placed in a bar graph, which statement would describe the graph? The graph would have only four bars shorter than the bar for grapefruits. The graph would have five bars taller than the bar for apples. The graph would have grapefruits and oranges as the tallest bars. The graph would have only one bar shorter than the bar for peaches.
The fruits with the lowest amount of carbohydrates are peaches and watermelons. Water has a lesser amount of carbohydrates than peaches so, its graph would be shorter than peaches. So the correct option is D.
What is a graph?A graph is a pictorial representation of a given mathematical data.
Here, the given amount of apples had 17g of carbohydrates. The given amount of bananas, cherries and grapefruits had 34g, 19g and 24g of carbohydrates respectively.
The given amount of oranges, peaches and watermelons had 21g, 16g and 12g of carbohydrates respectively.
The fruit that will have the tallest graph is Bananas with 34g of carbohydrates. Below banana, we will have grapefruit and oranges with 24g and 21g of carbohydrates each.
After that, we would have cherries and apples with 19g and 17g carbohydrates each and then we would have peaches and watermelons with 16g carbohydrates and 12g carbohydrates respectively.
Watermelons have the lowest amount of carbohydrates among the given fruits. Therefore, it will have the shortest graph.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
Read more about bar graphs, here
https://brainly.com/question/8644324
#SPJ6
what is a solvent? a substance that can dissolve other substances, a substance that is more dense than its solid form
Answer:
a substance that can dissolve other substances
Explanation:
i just know this stuff. hope this helps and please mark as brainiest
Nails are formed by which layer?
a. epidermal.
b. dermal.
c. hypodermal.
d. subcutaneous.
Answer:
a. epidermal.
Explanation:
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. The skin is made up of three layers.
The epidermis acts as a barrier to infection and regulates the amount of water released from the body
If a mother is affected by an X-linked dominant condition and the father is not, which children can inherit the condition? A. only females B. both males and females C. neither males nor females D. only males
Answer:
C
Neither males nor females
What do the lichens and mosses produce to break down rocks to begin the formation of soil?
A. acids
B. nutrients
C. roots
D. soil
Answer:
Explanation:
What do the lichens and mosses produce to break down rocks to begin the formation of soil?
In the chemical weathering, lichens secrete organic acids, specifically oxalic acid, which efficiently break down minerals and chelate the metallic cations (Chen et al. 2000) . In addition, lichens stimulate secondary mineral formation through turgor pressure and production of exopolysaccharide. ...
Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience? A. Horoscopes B. Radiometric dating C. Electromagnetism D. Biology
Answer:
Horoscopes
Explanation:
pseudo means not genuine and the others have science backing them
You water three sunflower plant with salt water. Each plant receives a different concentration of salt solutions . A fourth receives pure water. After a two -week period, the height is measured . What is the independent, dependent and controlled variable.
Answer:
Independent - Water/Type of water (salt and pure)
Dependent - Height of plant
Controlled - Amount of water
Explanation:
Independent is what the experimenter manipulates (in this case being the type of water.)
Dependent is what the experimenter measures and is a result of the independent (in this case being the height of plant)
Controlled is what you are trying to keep the same (in this case the amount of water you give each plant.)
In the experiment given, the independent variable is the salt water, the dependent variable is the height of each plant, and the sunflowers are the control variable.
Variables in an experiment can be one of three kinds:
Control Dependent IndependentThe dependent variable is the variable that will change based on the other variables, this is often what the experiment seeks to measure. In the case given, the variable that will be measured is the height of the plants, therefore this is the dependent variable.
The independent variable is one that will not depend on the other variables in the experiment. Since the salt water used for each plant does not depend on the kind of plant or on its height, we can infer that the salt water is the independent variable of this experiment.
The control variable is the variable that remains constant in an experiment in order to not affect the outcome. Since for each case in this experiment there is no difference in the kind of plant that is used, we can say that the sunflower plant is the control variable.
To learn more visit:
https://brainly.com/question/12692979
Science is based on
Answer:
[tex]\Large \boxed{\mathrm{facts}}[/tex]
Explanation:
Science is based on facts.
Science has testable explanations, proofs, theories, and predictions. All are based on facts.
Answer:
sceince is based on facts
Explanation:
Select two items that biologists agree are necessary in order to consider an organism “alive.” For each, give an example of a nonliving object that otherwise fits the definition of “alive.”
Answer:
Cellular organization and metabolism are two items necessary to consider an organism alive.
Explanation:
There are certain characteristics that belong to living beings and that they all have in common. These are distinctive characteristics that do not include any non-living object. Among others, we can name the followings:
1) Precise cellular organization. The cellular theory states that every living being is conformed of basic units named cells and their products that result from the cellular activity. Although organisms vary in size and shape, all of them are formed by cells. A cell is the simplest part of the living matter which is capable of performing every necessary activity needed for life. Some of the simplest organisms, such as bacterias or some algae, are unicellular. This unique cell must be polyfunctional, as it has to perform many activities. On the other hand, many other organisms are highly complex pluricellular. All the processes of the entire organism depend on the correct and coordinated functioning of every constituting cell. The more complex the organism is, the more specialized are the cells, differentiating from each other, and acquiring certain specific functions. These are, for example, the epidermic cells, muscular cells, nervous cells, reproductive cells, among others.
2) Metabolism. In any living being there happen many essential chemical reactions needed for appropriate nutrition, growth, cellular repairing, energy conversion, among others. All of these chemical reactions in the organisms are known as metabolism. These cellular activities begin when the organism takes life, and continue through its whole life. When chemical reactions stop, the organisms might be considered to be dead. Every specific cell in the organisms take substances that chemically modify, in many different ways, to integrate new cellular components. Some of these nutrients are used in cellular respiration. During this process, part of the energy stored is taken by the cell for its own use. This energy is also needed for synthesis and other cellular activities. In most organisms, cellular respiration requires oxygen provided by the gas interchange. Cellular wastes, such as carbon dioxide and water must be eliminated from the organism. Every chemical reaction is regulated by specific enzymes.
1. Simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium both are considered simple epithelium that consist of column-shaped cells.
A. True
B. False
B. Simple columnar cells line up next to each other whereas there is an irregular arrangement with cells varying in height and shape in pseudostratified columnar epithelium, giving the impression of stratification.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
Both options are true.
Explanation:
The cylindrical epithelium is a simple epithelium, which is characterized by having a cell layer, where all the cells are supported on the basement membrane, and its nucleus has reverse polarization in relation to the rest of the cells of our body, that is, they are found in a not very common position.
Simple cylindrical epithelia are found in areas of absorption or assimilation and exchange of gases or nutrients, since this shape is what allows them optimal diffusion through the epithelium, an example of the tissues in which this cellular architecture is found. They are the intestinal tract and the respiratory tract.
In the case of pseudostratified epithelium, it is very similar in function to the cylindrical one, with the difference that it gives a multilayered appearance, that is, its cells are stacked one from the other, giving the appearance of more than one epithelial layer as the stratified epithelium of our epithelial organ, but nevertheless it is not like that, there are many cells of irregular shape with a support in the basal one, that is why it is a single layer.
This last epithelium is also found in the airways in large numbers.
A student designed an experiment to test
the effects of light and water on plant growth
How could this experiment be improved?
A. Add temperature as a variable
B. Add pH (acidity level) as a variable
C. Remove water or light as a variable,
so only one variable is tested at a time
D. All of the above
Answer:
D. All of above
Explanation:
This is because we can add temperature as a variable to improve the light, pH as a variable to improve the water, and remove water or light as a variable to make the experiment on light or water even obvious.
The main focus of conservation is to _____.
Answer:
Conservation seeks the sustainable use of nature by humans, for activities such as hunting, logging, or mining, while preservation means protecting nature from human use.
Answer:
Conservation is similar to preservation, but while both relate to the protection of nature, they strive to accomplish this task in different ways. Conservation seeks the sustainable use of nature by humans, for activities such as hunting, logging, or mining, while preservation means protecting nature from human use
What effect do valence electrons have on the reactivity of elements?
Two elements can react with each other when the electrons in their outermost shells have become positively
Elements become able to react with other elements when their innermost shell has acquired two electrons.
The way elements react with each other is determined by the number of electrons in their outermost shells.
Any element can react with other elements if it has a complete set of electrons in its outermost shell.
Answer:
More Valence electrons add mass to the atom, making it less reactive
What accounts for the difference in the functions and properties of molecules like starches, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin?
Answer:
The difference in function and properties of polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen, celluose and chitin is due to the differences in their recurring monosaccharide units, the types of bonds linking these units and the degree of branching in the molecules.
Explanation:
Polysaccharides are large molecules of carbohydrates which are made up of recurring monosaccharide units. Examples of polysaccharides are starch, cellulose, glycogen and chitin. Each of these polysacccharides show differences in structure, properties and function. The difference in function and properties of polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen, celluose and chitin is due to the differences in their recurring monosaccharide units, the types of bonds linking these units and the degree of branching in the molecules.
Starch is the storage carbohydrate in plants and is composed of two types of glucose polymers, amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is composed of unbranched chains of D-glucose units linked to each other by (α1→4) glycosidic bonds. Amylopectin is a branched glucose polymer linked to each other by (α1→4) glycosidic bonds and (α1→6) at the branching points.
Glycogen is the storage polysaccharide in animals which is highly branched and compact. It is composed of (α1→4) linked glucose subunits with (α1→6) at the branching points.
Cellulose is a fibrous, tough and water-insoluble substance found in plant cellwalls. It is is a linear unbranched polysaccharide made up of D-glucose units linked together by (β1→4) glycosidic bonds.
Chitin is is the main component of the exoskeletons of athropods. It is a linear molecule composed of N-acetylglucosamine units linked together by (β1→4) glycosidic bonds.