If a TLC plate is placed in a jar where the solvent level is above the level of the origin (sample spot), the solvent will reach and dissolve the sample before it has a chance to form a spot. This can cause the sample to spread out and interfere with the accuracy of the results.
If you inadvertently spotted your TLC plate too low, one solution would be to let the solvent front reach the bottom of the plate, let the solvent evaporate, and then re-develop the plate with fresh solvent. This will help to avoid any interference from previous runs and ensure accurate results. Another solution would be to scrape off the low spots and re-spot the sample higher up on the plate. It's also a good practice to make a note of the error in your lab notes so that you can take it into account when interpreting your results
A TLC plate, or Thin Layer Chromatography plate, is a type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry to separate and identify components in a mixture. It consists of a solid substrate, usually made of glass, plastic, or aluminum, coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, such as silica gel or aluminum oxide
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How many atoms are in Ca3 PO4 2?
There are 12 atoms of calcium (Ca), 2 atoms of phosphorus (P), and 8 atoms of oxygen in the formula Ca3(PO4)2 (O).
What is calcium phosphate?The elements calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and oxygen are combined to form the chemical calcium phosphate (O). Dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and octacalcium phosphate are only a few of its many types. Apatite, a common mineral form of calcium phosphate, is a crucial component of bones and teeth.
How can you determine it?The number of atoms in Calcium Phosphate can be determined by multiplying the coefficient of each element with the number of atoms in the empirical formula, which gives the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2. Since calcium phosphate has the empirical formula CaPO4, it has 3 calcium (Ca), 1 phosphorus (P), and 4 oxygen (O) atoms.
The number "3" in front of the empirical formula CaPO4 denotes that there are three times as many Ca, P, and O atoms in Ca3(PO4)2 as in the empirical formula. As a result, the following formula can be used to determine how many Ca, P, and O atoms are present in Ca3(PO4)2:
3 calcium (Ca) atoms plus 1 phosphorus (P) atom plus 4 times 2 oxygen (O) atoms equals 12 calcium (Ca) atoms plus 2 phosphorus (P) atoms plus 8 oxygen atoms (O)
As a result, there are 12 atoms of calcium (Ca), 2 atoms of phosphorus (P), and 8 atoms of oxygen in the formula Ca3(PO4)2 (O).
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Classify each property as intensive or extensive. a. volume b. boiling point c. temperature d. electrical conductivity e. energy
The intensive and extensive properties are classified are mentioned below.
What is intensive property?
Pressure, density, temperature, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, electromagnetic field, chemical potential, and specific surface tension are examples of intense qualities that are independent of the quantity of substance (or substances) present in the system.
What is extensive property?
A physical quantity's value is inversely correlated with the size of the system it describes or the amount of matter present. For instance, a sample's mass, which depends on the substance's amount, is a significant quantity.
Large-scale properties include volume and energy. Intensive qualities are unrelated to substance concentration. Intensive features include temperature, electrical conductivity, and boiling point.
Therefore, intensive and extensive properties are classified are mentioned above.
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The relative atomic mae of element can be calculated by taking the average ma of all the element electron clicked the wrong word
Relative atomic mass (Ar) or atomic weight is defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a particular sample to the atomic mass constant.
What is the parameter for relative atomic mass of elements?One-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 is the atomic mass constant, denoted by the symbol mu. The resulting number, which is dimensionless because the ratio's two components are masses, is referred to as a relative value.
Simply add the relative masses of a molecule's component parts to determine its relative mass. If you know the relative atomic masses of the constituent elements, this is easy.
Therefore, The weighted average of a molecule's mass in relation to one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom is known as the relative molecular mass (Mr or RMM).
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ind a solution to . if necessary, use to denote an arbitrary constant. xy 2x 3y 6
According to the question denote an arbitary constant is xy - xy + 2x - 3y = 6 ,xy - 2x + 3y = 6 .
What is the arbitary ?Arbitrary is a term used to describe something that is based on personal opinion, preference or whim, rather than any reason or system. It is usually used to describe decisions, rules or criteria that are subjective, rather than objective, and cannot be justified. For example, an arbitrary decision might be to select a winner for a competition based on their clothing rather than their skills. It can also refer to a number that is randomly selected, with no link to any existing system or pattern.
Subtract xy from both sides: -2x + 3y = 6 - xy
Divide both sides by -2: y = -(x/2) + (6 - xy)/2
Therefore, y = -(x/2) + (6 - xy)/2, where is an arbitrary constant.
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For each atom in the table below, write down the subshell from which an electron would have to be removed to make a +1 cation, and the subshell to which an electron would have to be added to make a -1 anion. The first row has been completed for you. atom subshell from which electron removed to form +1 cation subshell to which electron added to form -1 anion H 1s 1s Hg Ne K Х $
The subshell to which an electron would have to be added to make a -1 anion.Hg 4f 5d H 1s 1s X 5s 4p Ne 3s 2p K 4s 3p.
The charge of an electron, which is commonly thought to be negative, is equal to and the opposite of the charge of a proton, which is typically thought to be positive. Because there are more electrons than protons in an ion's total charge, the net charge is not zero. An anion is a negatively charged ion that has more electrons than protons compared to a positively charged ion called a cation. Because they have opposing electric charges, cations and anions are drawn to one another by electrostatic force, which makes it easy to create ionic compounds. Atomic ions are distinct from molecular ions, which are composed of two or more atoms and are also known as multi-atom ions.
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a student wishes to determine the concentration of ag in a solution of agno3. the student combines 10 ml of agno3 with excess na2so4
The student's plan to determine the concentration of Ag in a solution of AgNO3 by combining 10 ml of AgNO3 with excess Na2SO4 is an example of a precipitation reaction.
In a precipitation reaction, two solutions are mixed together and an insoluble solid (precipitate) is formed, which can then be filtered and weighed to determine the amount of the precipitated species.
The reaction between AgNO3 and Na2SO4 can be written as follows:
AgNO3 + Na2SO4 → Ag2SO4 (precipitate) + 2 NaNO3 (dissolved)
The student would then filter the mixture to remove the precipitate, and weigh the precipitate to determine the amount of Ag2SO4 that was formed. The concentration of Ag in the solution can then be calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction.
It is important to note that this method assumes that the precipitation reaction goes to completion, and that the Ag2SO4 precipitate does not dissolve in the solution. In practice, this may not always be the case, and it may be necessary to perform additional steps, such as adjusting the pH of the solution or adding a soluble salt, to ensure that the precipitation reaction goes to completion.
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what part of body birds use to attack
Answer:beek
Explanation:
which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in carbon tetrachloride, ccl4? hexane (c6h14) or calcium chloride (cacl2): calcium chloride ethanol (ch3ch2oh) or carbon tetrabromide (cbr4): ethanol
Hexane (C6H14) or calcium chloride (CaCl2) are more soluble in carbon tetrachloride, CCl4. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is solubility ?The maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature is defined as solubility. Solubility is a property of a specific solute-solvent combination, and the solubilities of different substances vary greatly.
Because hexane and carbon tetrachloride have similar attractive intermolecular forces, their molecules can mix readily, calcium chloride and hexane dissolves in carbon tetrachloride.
Thus, Hexane (C6H14) or calcium chloride (CaCl2) are more soluble in carbon tetrachloride, CCl4 because it can form London forces, option A is correct.
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What is the empirical and molecular formula for sucralose? The percent composition is 36.25% C, 4.82% H, 26.75% Cl and 32.19% O. The molar mass is 397.63 g/mole.
let's imagine you have 100 g of sucralose
C: 36.25 g No of moles = 36.25/12 = 3.02
H : 4.82 g No of moles = 4.82/1 = 4.82
Cl: 26.75 g No of moles = 26.75/35.5 = 0.75
O: 32.19 g No of moles = 32.19/16 = 2.01
divide all the four mole numbers by the smallest one (0.75)
Empirical formula = C4H6ClO3
Let the molecular formula be (C4H6ClO3)n.
(4x12+6x1+35.5+3x16) x n = 397.63
n = 3
Molecular formula = C12H18Cl3O9
the molecular formula I've searched online is C12H19Cl3O8 so I am also not very sure
which of the following statements correctly describe a net ionic equation? select all that apply. a.The positive and negative ions dissociate from each other.
b.The positive ions are attracted to the partially negative O atom of the H2O.
c.The attraction between the H2O molecules and the ions is stronger than the attraction of the ions for each other.
The following statements correctly describe a net ionic equation:
a. The positive and negative ions dissociate from each other.
c. The attraction between the H2O molecules and the ions is stronger than the attraction of the ions for each other.
define ionic equation ?
An ionic equation is a chemical equation that shows the species in a chemical reaction as ions, rather than as neutral molecules. It is a balanced equation that only includes species that undergo a chemical change during the reaction, and it ignores the species that are present in the reaction but remain unchanged. Ionic equations are used to describe reactions that occur in aqueous solution, where ions are dissolved in water. The ionic equation shows the formation of positive and negative ions from neutral species, the transfer of electrons between ions, and the precipitation or dissolution of ions. It provides a more detailed representation of the reaction than a molecular equation, which only shows the reactants and products as neutral molecules.
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Using the conversation factor of 12 eggs=1 doz, how many doz eggs are in 456 eggs
Draw a Lewis structure for a compound with molecular formula C_4H_11N in which three of the carbon atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom. What is the geometry of the nitrogen atom in this compound? Does this compound exhibit a molecular dipole moment? If so, indicate the direction of the dipole moment.
Three single bonds and one lonely pair of electrons connect the central nitrogen atom in C4H11N to the three carbon atoms. As a result, the nitrogen atom is in the sp3 hybridization state.
The nitrogen atom has a trigonal pyramidal shape as a result. The positioning of the molecule's bond dipoles affects the molecular dipole moment. One lone pair of electrons and three single bonds between the core nitrogen atom and the three carbon atoms make up C4H11N. The nitrogen atom ends up in the sp3 hybridization state as a result. The molecule has a non-zero dipole moment with the positive end facing the bond pairs and the negative end facing the lone pair when it has a lone pair and three bond pairs in a trigonal pyramidal shape. The lone pair repels the bond pairs more than the bond pairs repel one another.
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how to determine percentage ligands
To determine the percentage of ligands in a coordination compound, you calculate the ratio of the number of ligands to the total number of atoms in the complex and convert that to a percentage.
Ligands are atoms or molecules that bond to a central metal ion in a coordination compound to form a coordination complex.
To determine the percentage of ligands in a coordination compound, you need to first calculate the ratio of the number of ligands to the total number of atoms in the complex.
To do this, you simply count the number of ligands in the compound and divide that number by the total number of atoms in the complex. The resulting ratio is then multiplied by 100 to convert it to a percentage.
For example, if a coordination compound has 4 ligands and 6 total atoms, the percentage of ligands would be calculated as:
(4 ligands / 6 total atoms) x 100 = 67% ligands
So in this case, 67% of the atoms in the compound are ligands.
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Do you use parentheses on a polyatomic ion when you only have one of them?
Responses
A nono
B yesyes
C sometimessometimes
What are 3 characteristics of a scientific theory?
The three characteristics of a scientific theory are : testable, the falsifiable predictions, theories are supported by the observation.
The scientific Theory is the model that can explains the facts about the nature on the basis of the observations, the experimentation and reasoning. The scientific theories have the characteristics as follows :
1) It is testable
2) The falsifiable predictions,
3) The theories are based on facts
4) The theories are based on observation.
5) The theories are modify according to the new observation.
The scientific theory is the theory based on the evolution that holds all the present life descended.
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A gaseous compound has a density of 1. 21g / L at 71. 1 C 1. 6. Assuming ideal behaviorcalculate the molar mass of the gas
Assuming ideal gas behavior, the molar mass of the gas can be calculated using the equation: molar mass = density * volume * molar mass of air.
For this calculation, the density is 1.21 g/L, the volume is 1 L, and the molar mass of air is 28.9 g/mol. This gives a molar mass of 30467922 g/mol for the gas.
The molar mass of a gas can be used to determine its molecular weight and the number of moles of the gas present in a sample. This can be useful for a variety of calculations, such as determining the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when a gas undergoes a chemical reaction.
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Why is there a decrease in electron affinity going from lithium to sodium?A. There is a stronger nuclear charge, with no additional shielding electrons or number of shells.B. There are fewer spaces in the valence shell in which to place the added electron.C. The nucleus has fewer protons, thus can't attract an extra electron as well.D. Despite the stronger nuclear charge, there are additional shielding electrons and an increase in the number of shells.E. This is the only electron affinity decrease noted on the table and it is just an unexplained anomaly.
Decrease in electron affinity going from lithium to sodium is due to despite the stronger nuclear charge, there are additional shielding electrons and an increase in the number of shells.
Electron affinity is termed as the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of the neutral atom (in the gaseous phase) when an electron will be added to the atom to form a negative ion.
Electron affinity will decreases from down the groups and from right to left across the periods on the modern periodic table because the electrons were placed in a higher energy level which is far from the nucleus, thus a decrease from its pull.
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place the steps required to determine whether or not a precipitate forms when two solutions are mixed in the correct order. start with the first step at the top of the list.
The steps in the right order to determine whether or not a precipitate form when two solutions are mixed are given below:
1.) note the ions present in the reactants2.) consider possible cation-anion combinations3.) use the solubility rules to determine whether or not either of the combinations gives an insoluble saltWhat are Solubility Rules?There are three outcomes that can happen depending on a solute's solubility:
1) A solution is said to be diluted if the amount of solute in it is less than its solubility, or
2. maximum amount at which it can dissolve, and saturated if the solute content exactly equals its solubility.
Hence, the proper steps are given above,
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place the steps required to determine whether or not a precipitate forms when two solutions are mixed in the correct order.
-consider possible cation-anion combinations
-note the ions present in the reactions
-use the solubility rules to determine whether or not either of the combinations gives an insoluble salt
A 32. 4 L gas sample at STP is compressed to a volume of 28. 4 L, and the temperature is increased to 352 K.
What is the new pressure of the gas in atmospheres? Answer: 1. 47atm
How do I solve this?
The Ideal Gas Law (PV = nRT) can be used to address this issue, where P is for pressure, V is for volume, n is for moles, R is for the ideal gas constant, and T is for temperature.
We must maintain a constant number of gas moles in order to determine the new pressure following compression and a temperature change. The equation (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2 can be used to show the relationship between the initial and final pressure and volume. Calculate P2, the new pressure, by plugging in the provided numbers. Keep in mind to change the temperature and volume units to Kelvin.
P2 × V2 = n × R × T2
P2 = (n × R × T2) / V2 = (n × R × 352) / 28.4
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An aqueous kno3 solution is made using 60. 1 g of kno3 diluted to a total solution volume of 1. 96 l. (assume a density of 1. 05 g/ml for the solution. ).
The molar concentration of the aqueous KNO3 solution is 0.304 M.
To find the molar concentration of the aqueous KNO3 solution, we have to find the no. of moles of KNO3 in the given solution.
The number of moles of KNO3 can be calculated by using the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
where the molar mass of KNO3 = 101.1 g/mol. So,
moles = 60.1 g / 101.1 g/mol = 0.595 mol
Now, we can use the no. of moles of KNO3 and the volume of the solution to calculate the molar concentration of the solution.
The molar concentration, or molarity, is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. We can use the formula:
molarity = moles/liters
So,
molarity = 0.595 mol / 1.96 L = 0.304 M
The molar concentration of the aqueous KNO3 solution is 0.304 M.
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WHOEVER ANSWERS FIRST GETS BRANLIST
Answer:
flashlight I think I'm sorry if I'm wrong
The speed of light is about 3.0 x 10^8 m/s. Red light has a wavelength of about 6.5 × 10^-7 m. What is its frequency?
The frequency of the red wave with a wavelength of 6.5 × 10-⁷m is 4.62 × 10¹⁴ Hz.
How to calculate frequency?Wavelength refers the length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next.
The wavelength is often designated in physics as λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency.
According to this question, the speed of light is about 3.0 x 10⁸ m/s. Red light has a wavelength of about 6.5 × 10-⁷ m.
6.5 × 10-⁷ = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ f
f = 3 × 10⁸ ÷ 6.5 × 10-⁷
f = 4.62 × 10¹⁴ Hz
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how many electrons would have to be removed from a coin to leave it with a charge of
[tex]6.3*10^{11}[/tex] electrons would have to be removed from a coin to leave it with charge of [tex]+1*10^{-7}[/tex] C
The molecules are typically ionized by either removing an electron or by adding a proton once they are in the gas phase and enter the mass spectrometer. The removal of an electron is accomplished by blasting the molecules with a high-energy electron beam, typically made up of electrons with a 70 eV energy. Compared to the ionization energy of the molecules being assaulted, this electron beam has a much higher energy. The method is referred to as electron ionization (EI). Since the resultant ion has one unpaired electron, it is a radical ion.
According to the question,
∣q∣ = [tex]1*10^{-7}[/tex] C, we know charge of an electron is [tex]1.6*10^{-19}[/tex] C
∴ number of electrons (n) = [tex]\frac{q}{e}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{1*10^{-7}}{1.6*10^{-19}}[/tex] = [tex]6.3*10^{11}[/tex] (Ans)
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The complete question is:
How many electrons would have to be removed from a coin to leave it with a charge of [tex]+1*10^{-7}[/tex] C ?
A 2. 45 g sample of calcium completely reacts with oxygen to form 3. 43 g of calcium oxide. What is the mass percent composition of calcium in calcium oxide
The mass percent composition of 2.45 g of calcium in 3.43 g of calcium oxide is 28.54%.
To determine the mass percent composition of calcium in calcium oxide, we can calculate the mass of calcium in the calcium oxide sample and express it as a percentage of the total mass of the sample.
First, let's find the mass of calcium that reacted:
mass of calcium = 3.43 g - mass of oxygen = 3.43 g - (2.45 g - mass of calcium) = 0.98 g
Next, let's find the percent of calcium in the calcium oxide:
mass percent of calcium = (mass of calcium / mass of calcium oxide) x 100%
mass percent of calcium = (0.98 g / 3.43 g) x 100%
mass percent of calcium = 28.54%
So the mass percent composition of calcium in calcium oxide is 28.54%.
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What is the reaction of Cu Oh 2?
In this reaction, copper sulfate (CuSO4) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4).
What is an example of a chemical reaction?In a chemical reaction, reactants undergo a chemical reaction and transform into products through a chemical process. For instance, when humans breathe in oxygen, it combines with glucose to create carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
How does a chemical reaction start?When atoms establish or break chemical bonds, chemical processes take place. Reactants are the substances that begin a chemical reaction, while products are the compounds that are created as a result of the reaction.
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What is the Number of Sigma and Pi bonds in a Benzene Molecule?
In a benzene molecule, there are three sigma bonds and six pi bonds.
What is benzene molecule?
Benzene has the molecular formula C6H6 and is an organic chemical compound. It is a highly aromatic, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used as a solvent and as a starting material for the production of many industrial chemicals.
Its molecule consists of a planar hexagonal arrangement of six carbon atoms, each bonded to one hydrogen atom and to two neighboring carbon atoms via a double bond. These double bonds are called pi bonds, while the single bonds between the carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms are called sigma bonds.
The stability of the molecule is due to the delocalization of electrons in the six pi bonds, which gives rise to its characteristic aromatic fragrance and stability.
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a polypeptide with a net positive charge at physiologic ph (7.4) most likely contains amino acids with r groups of what typ
A polypeptide with the net positive charge at the physiologic pH of 7.4 most likely contains the amino acids with R groups of the type id Basic R type.
The Basic amino acids possess the net positive charge at the physiological pH of 7.4. The Basic amino acids have the extra amino group in the side of the chain that can release the H⁺ ions into the solution results in the formation of ion of NH₃⁺
The acidic amino acids have the extra amino group in the side of the chain that can release the H⁺ ions into the solution resulting in the formation of COO⁻ ion.
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what volume of 0.150 molar hcl is required to neutralize 25.0ml of 0.120 ba(oh)2
Answer: 40 mL
Explanation:
(25/1000) * 120 (2) = 0.0060 Mol of OH- so it needs .0060 mol of H+
.0060 mol/(.150 mol/liter) = .040 Liters
.040 * 100 = 40 mL
The volume of 0.150 molar HCl is required to neutralize 25.0ml of 0.120 Ba(OB)₂ is 0.04 M.
The balanced chemical equation is as :
2 HCl + Ba(OH)₂ → BaCl₂ + 2 H₂O
The molarity of the Ba(OH)₂ = 0.120 M
The volume of Ba(OH)₂ = 25 mL
The moles of the Ba(OH)₂ = 0.120 × 0.025
= 0.003 mol
The 1 mole of the Ba(OH)₂ reacts with the 2 mole of the HCl
The moles of the HCl = 2 × 0.003
= 0.006 mol
The volume of the HCl = moles / molarity
The volume of the HCl = 0.006 / 0.150
= 0.04 M
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the pka of ascorbic acid is 4.2. at what ph is the ratio of the unprotonated to protonated forms of ascorbic
The pH at which the ratio of unprotonated to protonated forms of ascorbic acid is equal is at a pH of approximately 4.2. At this pH, half of the ascorbic acid molecules are in their unprotonated form (ascorbate,[tex]C_6H_8O_6[/tex]), while the other half are in their protonated form (ascorbic acid, [tex]C_6H_7O_6H[/tex]).
What is pH
pH stands for "potential of hydrogen." It is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution and is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, less than 7 being acidic, and greater than 7 being basic or alkaline.
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What is the relationship between the vapor pressure of a liquid and how well it cools by evaporation?
Answer:Transcript A liquid’s vapor pressure is directly related to the intermolecular forces present between its molecules. The stronger these forces, the lower the rate of evaporation and the lower the vapor pressure.
Explanation:
As vapors are produced more from a liquid there will be more cooling effect as vapors are inversely proportional to the boiling point that means lesser the boiling point better will be the evaporation.
Intermolecular forces are the forces present between the molecules and liquid’s vapor pressure is directly related to the intermolecular forces as well . The stronger these forces, the lower the rate of evaporation and the lower the vapor pressure.
Therefore, the relationship between the vapor pressure of a liquid and how well it cools by evaporation is having direct proportionality.
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