This reaction forms things. The following equation is therefore a combination or synthesis reaction. FeS, a dark substance made up of the chemical combination iron sulfide.
It is formed of sulfide ions and iron. Iron in FeS is at the +2 oxidation state.
Is the balance of 2 Fe o2 fe2o3 off?In this imbalanced reaction equation, the reactant side contains one iron atom and two oxygen atoms, whereas the product side contains two iron atoms and three oxygen atoms. The number of atoms of each element must be present in equal amounts on both sides of a reaction for it to be balanced.
What undergoes oxidation in FeS FeS?iron The positively charged iron cation and the negatively charged sulphide ion become attracted to one another, resulting in the formation of ferrous sulphide. As you can see from the processes listed above, Fe is going through an oxidation process in which it loses electrons.
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Given the reaction: o3(g) + no(g) --> o2(g) + no2(g) if you start with 0. 05 m o3 and 0. 01 m no and the reaction reaches completion in 16 seconds, what is the initial rate of this reaction with respect to o3?.
Since we are basing the rate with respect to O3, therefore the rate would simply be the concentration divided by the total reaction time. That is:
The order with regard to O3 is the rate law power of [O3], which is 2. The total of the powers in the rate law yields the overall order of reaction, which is 2 + (1 = 1).
NO2 is formed when NO(g) and O2(g) react (g). The reaction's rate law is rate=k[NO]2[O2]. Which of the following is the equation for the elementary step if the reaction occurs in a single elementary step that is a three-body molecular collision? 2NO+O2→2NO2.
Time = 16 seconds
[O3] = 0.05 M
[NO] = 0.01 M
The rate of the reaction with respect to O3 is
Rate = Concentration / time
= 0.05 M / 16 s
= 0.00312 M / s
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Expt. 6.2: To determine the molar concentration of a basic solution Procedure: 1. A is a solution of acid containing 1.3 g of H₂SO4 in 250 cm³ of the solution. 2. Titrate 25 cm³ of portion of solution B [NaOH solution] against the acid solution. 3. Using methyl orange as indicator: the average volume of acid used is 18.75 cm³. Determine: 4. a. Molar concentration of the base solution. b. Concentration of hydroxyl ion in g per 250 cm³ of the solution. c. Mass of sodium tetraoxosulphate [VI] formed, if 250 cm³ of the base is completely neutralized. (Given H = 1, 0 = 16, S = 32, Na = 23.) 12 |
a) The molarity of base is 0.0795 Mol/dm^3
b) The Concentration of hydroxyl ion in g per 250 cm³ of the solution is 19.9 g
c) Mass of sodium tetraoxosulphate [VI] formed is 0.21 g
What is the molar concentration?If we have that;
1.3 g of the acid is contained in the 250 cm³ solution
x is contained in the 1000 cm³ solution
x = 5.2 g/dm^3
Molar concentration of the acid = 5.2 g/dm^3/ 98 g/mol
= 0053 mol/dm^3
Then we have that;
CAVA/CBVB = NA/NB
Thus;
CAVANB = CBVBNA
CB = CAVANB/VBNA
CB = 0053 * 18.75 * 2/25 * 1
CB = 0.0795 Mol/dm^3
b) Concentration in gg per 250 cm³ of the solution = 0.0795 Mol/dm^3 * 1 dm^3 * 250cm^3
= 19.9 g
Number of moles of the acid = 0.0795 Mol/dm^3 * 18.75 /1000 L
= 1.49 * 10^-3 moles
c) If 1 mole of the acid yields 1 mole of the salt 1.49 * 10^-3 moles
Then the mass of the salt = 1.49 * 10^-3 moles * 142 g/mol
= 0.21 g
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True or False: Write T if the statement is correct, and F if the statement
is false on the blank provided.
1. The motion of the electrons in the Rutherford model was stable.
2. The energy of an electron depends on the size of the orbit and is
lower for smaller orbits.
3. The magnitude of the wavefunction at a particular point in space is
inversely proportional to the amplitude of the wave at that point.
4. The azimuthal quantum number (l)tells the average relative distance
of an electron from the nucleus
5. The Magnetic quantum number (ml
) describes the orientation of the
region in space occupied by an electron with respect to an applied
magnetic field.
1. The motion of the electrons in the Rutherford model was stable. F
2. The energy of an electron depends on the size of the orbit and is lower for smaller orbits. T
What is the Rutherford model ?The model depicted the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, and around which the light, negative constituents known as electrons circulate at some distance, similar to planets revolving around the Sun.
3. The magnitude of the wave function at a particular point in space is inversely proportional to the amplitude of the wave at that point. F
4. The azimuthal quantum number (l)tells the average relative distance of an electron from the nucleus. T
5. The Magnetic quantum number (ml) describes the orientation of the region in space occupied by an electron with respect to an applied magnetic field. F
Thus, The motion of the electrons in the Rutherford model was not stable.
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An object is being loweredon a cord at a speed which isdecreasing.There are two forces on the object, the weight,magnitude mg, and the tension, magnitude T, in the cord.speed decreasingWhich equation is true:TmgA.T = mgB.T > mgC.T < mg
When An object is being loweredon a cord at a speed which is decreasing then T < mg is required true true condition. (C)
The tension in the cord is always less than the weight of the object being lowered because some of the weight is being used to overcome friction in the pulley or other mechanism that is slowing down the object.
The tension provides the force to support the weight of the object and counteract the friction, but it cannot be greater than the weight because that would mean the object is accelerating upwards, which is not the case.
The tension and the weight are equal only when the object is not accelerating, either upwards or downwards.
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what should you do with chemicals leftover after an experiment?
Never put used chemicals back in their original containers. You will contaminate it if you do so. Dispose of the remainder in the suitable "waste container".
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates chemical waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). It cannot be discarded in conventional trash or sewage systems. The EHS Hazardous Waste Program must be used to dispose of the majority of chemical wastes.
Never put unused chemicals back into the reagent bottles. This is a potential source of contamination for the whole contents of the stock bottle. Dispose of unwanted chemicals in accordance with the waste disposal recommendations for that material, as noted by throughout each experiment.
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a metallic compound can be made from combining magnesium and nickel. four samples of this compound were decomposed into their elements. which of the data sets from the decomposition experiments are inconsistent with the law of definite proportions?
The law of definite proportions asserts that the constituents of a chemical compound are often present in a fixed and definite mass ratio. This indicates that regardless of the quantity or source of a chemical compound, the ratio of its different components will always be the same.
According to the law of definite proportions, the ratio of the components in a chemical compound is always the same, regardless of the compound's source or quantity. As a result, if the results of the decomposition experiments demonstrate that the magnesium-to-nickel ratio in the metallic complex is not the same in each sample, then those data sets are inconsistent with the law of definite proportions. For example, if a metallic compound comprises magnesium and nickel, the ratio of magnesium to nickel in the compound will always be the same, regardless of how much of the compound is made or where it is obtained.
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in solid matter, atoms or molecules are in
In the solid matter , atoms or the molecules are in the definite shape and the fixed volume.
In the solid state of the matter the particles are very close to each other. There is a very tiny gap between the particle, they are very tough to compress. The force of the attraction between the particles are very strong. The rate of diffusion in the solid matter is very low. The examples of the soli matter is sugar , wood, rock, solid ice.
Thus, in the solid state of the matter the molecules or the atoms have the fixed volume and have definite shape.
This question is incomplete , the complete question is :
In solid matter, atoms or molecules are in ----------- shape and -------- volume.
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The ions formed when Mglz dissociates in water are Mg?* and |? B) Mg?* and C) Mg" and D) Mg" and |? E) Mgt and Iz
When MgCl2 dissociates in water, it splits into two ions: Mg2+ and Cl-. The Mg2+ ions are positively charged, while the Cl- ions are negatively charged.
This process of splitting into ions is known as ionization and the product is called an ionic solution. The dissociation of MgCl2 in water is a typical example of an ionic compound dissociating into its constituent ions. The ions are surrounded by water molecules and are free to move independently, making the solution an electrically conductive one. In an ionic solution, the concentration of ions remains constant at a given temperature and pressure, which is known as the equilibrium concentration. The ions Mg2+ and Cl- can also combine to form the original compound MgCl2, which is in balance with its dissociated ions in the solution.
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what does the term amino acid signify about the structure of the molecule? it consists of an amino group and a carboxyl group. it consists of an amino group and a carbonyl group. it consists of an amino group only. it consists of a carboxyl group only.\
An amino acid consists of both an amino group and a carboxyl group (Option A).
The term "amino acid" refers to the basic building blocks of proteins. An amino acid is a molecule consisting of a central carbon atom (alpha carbon) bonded to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a unique side chain (R group) attached to the alpha carbon. Amino acids can be classified into two categories: essential and non-essential. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from dietary sources, while non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body. In protein synthesis, amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides, which then fold into three-dimensional structures known as proteins. The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its unique structure and function. Different proteins can have different numbers of amino acids, ranging from a few to thousands. In summary, the term "amino acid" signifies that the molecule is a building block of proteins and is characterized by the presence of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain. The specific arrangement of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function.
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Consider the solutions: 0. 04 m acetone [(ch3)2c=o)], 0. 04 m agno3 and 0. 04 m cacl2, which has (i) the highest osmotic pressure, (ii) the lowest vapor pressure, (iii) the highest boiling point?.
Considering the solutions: 0. 04 m acetone [(ch3)2c=o)], 0. 04 m agno3 and 0. 04 m cacl2,
The highest osmotic pressure is 0.04m acetoneThe lowest vapor pressure is 0.04m acetoneThe highest boiling point 0.04 CaCl₂The osmotic pressure is the least amount of pressure that must be applied to a solution in order to block the passage of the solution's pure solvent through a semipermeable membrane.
Reducing the amount of solvent molecules that escape into the vapour phase also reduces the pressure that the vapour phase exerts. This is referred to as a relative decrease in vapor pressure.
Any material's boiling point is the temperature at which it changes from the liquid phase into the gas phase. For water, this occurs at 100 degrees Celsius.
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2 NH3 + 3 CuO g 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O
In the above equation how many grams of N2 can be made when 141 grams of CuO are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
According to the stoichiometry of the chemical equation, 16.54 grams of nitrogen can be made when 141 grams of CuO are consumed.
What is chemical equation?Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.
A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .
According to the stoichiometry, 238.62 g of CuO gives 28 g nitrogen thus 141 g of CuO will give 141×28/238.62=16.54 g nitrogen.
Thus, 16.54 grams of nitrogen can be made when 141 grams of CuO are consumed.
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which is the percent composition of carbon in glucose, c6h12o6?
40% of the weight of glucose (C 6 H 12 O) is made up of carbon.
Based on a scale where the atomic masses of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are 1, 12, 14, and 16, respectively, the total atomic mass of all the atoms that make up a molecule. For instance, water has a molecular weight of 18 (2 + 16), which is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Likewise known as molecular mass.
For carbon in glucose (c6h12o6), the calculation is as follows:
[tex]Percentagebyweight = (\frac{CarbonWeight}{GlucoseWeight} * 100) percent\\ = (\frac{72}{180} * 100) percent\\= 40 percent[/tex]
In conclusion, 40% of the weight of glucose (C 6 H 12 O) is made up of carbon.
In addition, the characterisation of supramolecular polymers depends heavily on the estimation of molecular weight. They are crucial for determining the level of polymerization, which can significantly affect the polymer's characteristics.
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The formula for barium chloride is bacl2. The chemical formula for barium chloride shows the number of of each element in the representative unit of the substance.
Yes, that's correct. The chemical formula "[tex]BaCl_2[/tex]" represents the ratio of the elements in the compound barium chloride. In this case, it means there is one barium (Ba) atom and two chlorine (Cl) atoms in each representative unit of the compound.
What is the chemical formula?
The term chemical formula has to do with the way that the atoms that compose the substance are arranged. The arrangement of the atoms in the chemical substance would help us to have an idea of how the compound appears.
Now we are looking at the compound barium chloride of which we know that it is an ionic subsnace and since the substance is ionic in nature, we would talk about a formula unit of the compound as beings its representative unit in the crystal lattice of the substance.
The question above is incomplete, the complete question is:
The formula for barium chloride is BaCl2. The chemical formula for barium chloride shows the number of ___________ of each element in the ___________ representative unit of the substance.
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Which molecule is believed to have been the most important to the early protobionts?
The molecule believed to have been the most important to the early protobionts is RNA.
RNA is believed to be the first functional macromolecule in protobionts because it is easier to synthesize than other macromolecules, has the ability to act as a catalyst, and can store genetic information. It is believed that RNA was the first molecule to form the basis for the earliest forms of life on Earth.
Protobionts are systems that are considered to have possibly been the precursors to prokaryotic cells. A protobiont is an aggregate of abiotically produced organic molecules surrounded by a non-unit membrane. This membrane provides a compartment for the molecules to interact and form more complex structures.
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Which one of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment?
A) CO B) CH2Cl2 C) SO3 D) SO2
E) the NH3
(C) SO3. The SO3 molecule has a zero dipole moment. The sulfur trioxide (SO3) molecule is very symmetric and has a trigonal planar shape.
Is SO3 dispersion or dipole-dipole?Because SO3 is symmetrical, there aren't any strong dispersion forces between the molecules. Due to the asymmetry of the molecule, dispersion forces as well as dipole-dipole bonding exist in SO2.
What does a molecule's dipole moment mean?Dipole moment (): The vector sum of all the bond dipoles, used to determine the overall polarity of a molecule. The Debye unit of dipole moment (D). An arrow with a barbed end that points to the electron-rich end of the molecular dipole moment vector may be shown adjacent to a molecular structure.
Why is there no dipole moment in SO3?The individual S-O dipole moments cancel each other out in the gaseous state of States SO3, which has a planar triangle structure with an O-S-O bond angle of 120 degrees. The resultant dipole moment is zero.
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is rusting an irreversible or reversible change explain you're answer
Answer:rusting is irreversible because the oxygen in the air reacts with the material and causes a chemical reaction
Explanation:
its not reversible because nothing you can do will make it bring back the material besides like rust treatment which a body shop does and they have to add material back to the spot
what is teh ph of .5 m solution of sidiumbisulfate
The pH of a 0.5 M solution of sodium bisulfate ([tex]NAHSO_{4}[/tex]) is approximately 1.
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, with a pH of 7 considered neutral, a pH less than 7 considered acidic, and a pH greater than 7 considered basic. The pH is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution.
Sodium bisulfate ([tex]NAHSO_{4}[/tex]) is a strong acid, meaning that it dissociates completely in water to form hydrogen ions (H+) and sulfate ions ([tex]SO_{4} ^{2-}[/tex]). The concentration of hydrogen ions in a 0.5 M solution of sodium bisulfate is equal to the concentration of the bisulfate ions, meaning that the pH of the solution would be around 1.
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For a generic reaction 2A + 3B → products, we can write the following generic rate law: Rate = k[A]*[B]'. For this rate law and reaction, does x = 2 and y = 3? Briefly explain your reasoning.
For the generic reaction 2A + 3B → products and the rate law Rate = k[A]^x[B]^y, the values of x and y are indeed 2 and 3, respectively.
The rate law is an expression that describes how the rate of a reaction depends on the concentrations of the reactants. The generic rate law for the reaction 2A + 3B → products is Rate = k[A]^x[B]^y, where k is the rate constant, [A] and [B] are the concentrations of A and B, and x and y are the reaction orders with respect to A and B, respectively. The reaction order of a reactant is the power to which its concentration appears in the rate law and it reflects the effect of a change in the concentration of that reactant on the rate of the reaction. In the case of the reaction 2A + 3B → products, the coefficients of the reactants in the balanced chemical equation indicate that the reaction is second order with respect to A and third order with respect to B. This means that the values of x and y in the rate law are 2 and 3, respectively.
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why does solubility increase with high temperature
Many chemicals that dissolve in liquid water become more soluble as the temperature rises.
Due to the gaseous solute's higher kinetic energy as temperature rises, the solute's solubility decreases. Because of this, its molecules have a higher chance of avoiding the solvent's molecule's attraction and returning to the gas phase. The kinetic energy of the solvent particles increases with temperature, allowing for efficient disintegration. The solubility is raised as a result of the efficient holding of the solute particles between the solvent molecules. The average kinetic energy of the molecules in the solution increases together with the rise in temperature. Because of this, the molecules can't keep together as well, which makes them more easily disintegrate. Because of this, solid states become more soluble as temperature rises.
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perform the following calculation by rounding the final answer to the correct number of significant figures. 7.0 ml 8.45 ml 233 ml
The sum of 7.0 ml, 8.45 ml, and 233 ml is 248.45 ml.
When rounded to the correct number of significant figures, the answer is 248 ml, which is rounded to the nearest whole number, since all of the values given have only one significant figure. Significant figures are the meaningful digits in a measurement, taking into account the precision of the measurement instrument used. In this case, all three values given have only one significant figure, so the final answer should be rounded to the nearest whole number, which is 248 ml. This rounded answer is the most appropriate representation of the sum of the three values, given the precision of the original measurements.
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Using dash–wedge notation to designate stereochemistry, draw (R)-pentane-1,2-diol.
Draw the structure of (2R,5S)-2-chloro-5-methylheptanal. Be sure to add all bonds to the stereocenters (including bonds to hydrogen).Using dash–wedge notation to designate stereochemistry.
Please explain the answers and I will rate accordingly.
The stereoisomers of 2-chloro-5-methyl heptane Iis in the 2 chloro 5 methyl hectare.
In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism wherein molecules have an equal molecular method and series of bonded atoms, however, fluctuate inside the 3-dimensional orientations in their atoms in area.
Stereoisomers are isomers that fluctuate inside the spatial arrangement of atoms, in preference to the order of atomic connectivity. one in every of their most exciting sort of isomers is the replicate-image stereoisomer, a non-superimposable set of molecules that are a replicate image of one another. Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules with identical chemical formulas but exceptional atomic arrangements. for this reason, they own similar chemical and physical homes.
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the following reaction: so2＋o2—> 2so3 follows the mechanism: step 1. 2no o2——>2no2(slow) step 2. 2no2＋ 2so2——2no 2so3(fast) what is/are the catalyst(s)?
The catalyzed reaction: 2SO₂ + O₂ → 2SO₃, the catalyst in the reaction is the NO.
The catalyzed reaction is as :
2SO₂ + O₂ → 2SO₃,
Thought the following mechanism is as follows :
Step 1 : 2NO + O₂ → 2NO₂ slow
Step 2 : 2NO₂ + 2SO₂ → 2NO + 2SO₃ fast
Therefore, The catalyst is the NO.
The intermediate in the mechanism is NO₂.
The rate of the reaction = Rate = k[NO]²[O₂] .
The substance that is increases the rate of the chemical reaction without undergoing any of the permanent chemical change is called as catalyst.
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Atomic mass of chlorine atom is _______.a. 35.5 b. 16 c.32 d.24
A chlorine atom has an atomic mass of 35.5.
What is atom?The building block of matter and the essential component of all elements is the atom. The word "atom," which means "indivisible," is derived from the Greek.
How do you determine it?The weighted average mass of all an element's isotopes, taking into account their individual natural abundances, is what is referred to as the element's atomic mass. There are two stable isotopes of the element chlorine, 35Cl and 37Cl, which are both used to calculate the atomic mass of chlorine.
Of the two isotopes, 35Cl is more prevalent and makes up about 75% of naturally occurring chlorine, with 37Cl making up the remaining 25%. 35Cl has an atomic mass of 34.96885 u, while 37Cl has an atomic mass of 36.96590 u. Taking into consideration the natural abundances of each isotope, the weighted average atomic mass of chlorine is 35.5 u.
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the density of osmium is reported by one source to be 22,610 . what is this density in ?
The density of osmium is reported by one source to be 22610 kg/m3.
What is density ?The mass of a solid substance in relation to its volume is its density. The equation for density is D = M/V, where M represents mass and V is volume. A common unit of measurement for density is grammes per cubic centimetre.
Its density determines how much "stuff" can fit into a given amount of space. An example is that a block of the harder, lighter element gold (Au) will have a higher density than a block of the heavier element lead (Pb) (Au). Compared to bricks, Styrofoam blocks are less dense. It is defined as mass per unit of volume.
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write an equation for the formation of hcl(g)hcl(g) from its elements in their standard states.
Due to the fact that it describes how one mole of hydrogen chloride is created from its component parts in their initial state. H2(g)+Cl2(g)→2HCl(g)
This is a particular formulation of the balanced chemical equation that explains how hydrogen chloride is created.
The enthalpy change of reaction must be divided by 2 in order for it to be equal to the standard enthalpy change of formation. Get 1/2H2(g)+1/2Cl2(g)HCl by doing this (g).
What are the 5 different types of elements?Some cultures hold that the five elements—wood, fire, earth, water, and metal—are the source of all that exists in the cosmos. Everything is claimed to be made of a combination of these elements, from the smallest atom to a gigantic whale to the solar system itself.
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What causes the gas particles to change direction in the model?
what volume of 0.1379 m hcl is required to neutralize 10.0 ml of 0.2789 m naoh soluation
20.22 volume of 0.1379 M HCl is required to neutralize 10.0 ml of 0.2789 M NaOH solution.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) react in a 1:1 mole ratio to produce an aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) and water.
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l)
Molarity is termed as the number of moles of the solute present in 1 L of solution.
The sodium hydroxide solution, which has a molarity of 0.2789 M is
0.2789 / 0.1379 = 2.022
times more concentrated than the hydrochloric acid solution, which has a molarity of 0.1379 M. In other words, for the same volume of both solutions, the sodium hydroxide solution contains 2.022 times more moles of solute than the hydrochloric acid solution.
Since the sodium hydroxide solution has a volume of 10.0mL, it follows that the volume of hydrochloric acid needed will be
[tex]V_{HCl}[/tex] = 2.022 × 10.0
= 20.22 mL
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Chemical substances that carry messages directly from one neuron to the next are called:
(a) agonists. (b) neurotransmitters. (c) enzymes. (d) hormones.
Chemical substances that carry messages directly from one neuron to the next are called "Neurotransmitters." These chemical substances are important to our body.
What are Neurotransmitters?Neurotransmitters are one of the body’s chemical substances. Neurotransmitters directly transmit messages from one nerve cell to the following neuron, muscle, or gland cell across a distance. The axon terminal, a component of the neuron, is where neurotransmitters are located. They are kept inside synaptic vesicles, which have thin walls. Numerous thousands of neurotransmitter molecules can fit inside each vesicle.
As a message or signal moves along a nerve cell, the electrical charge of the signal provokes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the nerve cell membrane at the cell's very edge. The axon terminal is then distributed into a liquid area between one nerve cell and the next target cell.
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Worms are the simplest organisms that have a Nervous system , which is made up of a knot of nerve tissue found in the Brain. Worms also have organs that provide information about the environment, such as light, touch, or vibration
Yes, the given statements are true. Worms are the simplest organisms that have a Nervous system, which is made up of a knot of nerve tissue found in the Brain.
Worms, like roundworms (Caenorhabditis elegans) and earthworms, have a basic sensory system comprising of an incorporated ganglion or bunch of nerve tissue, which fills in as a cerebrum, and an organization of nerve strands that run all through the body.
These nerve filaments answer various boosts, like touch, light, or vibrations, permitting the worm to recognize and answer changes in its current circumstance.
The presence of a sensory system in these straightforward organic entities upholds the possibility that the advancement of sensory systems was a significant stage in the improvement of mind-boggling living things.
Did you mean the given statements are True or False?
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which type of property can be measured without changing the substance into a new substance?