KOH reacts with 1-propanol because 1-propanol is a nucleophile and KOH is a strong base; strong bases react with nucleophiles. Hence, a nucleophilic substitution reaction is what causes the reaction to happen.
Strong base KOH may function as a nucleophile in a chemical process and includes the hydroxide ion, OH-. The hydroxyl (-OH) functional group in the alcohol 1-propanol makes it a potent nucleophile. When 1-propanol is combined with KOH, the hydroxide ion of KOH attacks the carbon atom, which causes the 1-propanol hydroxyl group to be replaced by a new OH- ion from KOH. This reaction is referred to as a nucleophilic substitution reaction because the leaving group is replaced by the nucleophile (OH- ion) (the hydroxyl group of 1-propanol). This reaction creates potassium propoxide, a brand-new substance.
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Rank the following elements by electron affinity, from most positive to most negative EA value. Rank from most positive to most negative. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. (sodium, iodine, oxygen, arsenic, neon)
High electron affinity implies more easily accepts electrons because the increase in atomic size decrease the effective nuclear charge.
O < I < Ar < Na < Ne
The term Electron affinity is also designated as EA. It is defined as the change in energy of a neutral atom that is in the gaseous phase when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion. We can say the the neutral atom's likelihood of gaining an electron. It is the amount of energy released when an electron attaches to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form an anion. We can simply say when an electron is added to the isolated gaseous atom energy is released that is more precisely known as the electron affinity. It is the energy required for the isolation of an electron from the singly charged gaseous negative ion.
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What is/are the spectator ion(s) for the reaction of perchloric acid with sodium hydroxide? Select ALL of the spectator ions from the list below.a. Na+b. CO2c. O2d. Cl-
Sodium ion, Na+ and chloride ion, Cl- are the spectator ions of the reaction of perchloric acid with sodium hydroxide. Therefore, options a and d are correct.
What are spectator ions?
Spectator ions are ions that do not undergo a chemical reaction in a chemical equation, and they are in solution in their original form. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of perchloric acid with sodium hydroxide is:
HClO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaClO4(aq) + H2O(l)
In the reaction above, sodium hydroxide reacts with perchloric acid to form sodium perchlorate and water. During the reaction, H+ and OH- ions combine to form water (H2O) and cancel each other out. This makes them spectator ions. Also, sodium and chloride ions are already present in their original form before and after the reaction. They remain the same, which makes them spectator ions. CO2 and O2 are not spectator ions in this reaction; hence, they are incorrect as possible options in this question.
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we expected that the acetylsalicylic acid would be converted to salicylic acid during this experiment. was it? discuss using the measured melting point range as evidence.
The reaction that happens between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride is the synthesis of aspirin. Acetylsalicylic acid is the outcome of this reaction. We expected that acetylsalicylic acid would be transformed into salicylic acid during the experiment.
The measured melting point range is evidence for the transformation. The melting point range of the substance created was 128-132 degrees Celsius. The melting point range of Salicylic acid is 158-161 degrees Celsius. The melting point of the material produced by the experiment is significantly lower than the melting point of salicylic acid.
Therefore, it is evident that acetylsalicylic acid was converted to salicylic acid during this experiment. The results of the experiment are in line with the hypothesis.
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which of the following statements is the correct comparison of the midpoint and equivalence point rates of change of ph ph as a function of volume and its consequence for the careful determination of ph ph: the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the midpoint than it is at the equivalence point leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the midpoint than at the equivalence point. the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the equivalence point than it is at the midpoint leading to greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the equivalence point. the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the midpoint than it is at the equivalence point leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the equivalence point than at the midpoint. the rate of change of ph ph vs. volume is greater at the equivalence point than it is at the midpoint leading to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of ph ph at the midpoint than at the equivalence point.
The statement "the rate of change of pH vs. volume is greater at the equivalence point than it is at the midpoint leading to greater uncertainty in the measurement of pH at the midpoint than at the equivalence point" is correct.
What is pH?
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution, which is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) present in the solution. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with a pH of 7 being neutral. A pH less than 7 indicates acidity, and a pH greater than 7 indicates basicity. The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that a change of one unit represents a tenfold difference in acidity or basicity.
At the equivalence point, there is a rapid change in pH, whereas at the midpoint, the change in pH is not as drastic. This rapid change in pH at the equivalence point can lead to a greater uncertainty in the measurement of pH at the midpoint because it may be difficult to accurately determine the exact midpoint of the titration curve.
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List at least two situations in which electricity flows outside of common electrical wires.
who performed an experiment with a cathode ray tube and discovered the existence of negatively charged particles within the atom?
The scientist who performed an experiment with a cathode ray tube and discovered the existence of negatively charged particles within the atom was J.J. Thomson.
This experiment is commonly known as the cathode ray tube experiment. A cathode ray tube experiment is a scientific experiment that was carried out to show that negatively charged particles exist in atoms. The experiment involves passing an electric current through a gas-filled tube called a cathode ray tube. J.J. Thomson discovered that cathode rays were made up of negatively charged particles called electrons. He discovered that the charge to mass ratio of these particles was much greater than that of the atoms that the cathode ray tube was made of. This led him to conclude that these particles were not part of the atom but were rather a fundamental constituent of all atoms.
This was a groundbreaking discovery and it led to the development of the atomic model. The first "subatomic particles," called electrons by Irish scientist George Johnstone Stoney in 1891, were negatively charged particles smaller than atoms. J. J. Thomson was able to measure the charge-mass ratio of cathode rays in 1897 and demonstrate this. Ferdinand Braun, a German physicist, created the "Braun tube," the first iteration of the CRT, in 1897. A Crookes tube modified with a phosphor-coated screen, it was a cold-cathode diode. It was Braun who originally thought of using a CRT as a display device.
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A student is investigating the properties of several different minerals in order to identify them. What will describe the streak test the student will be performing on each mineral
The student will record the color of the streak produced by each mineral and compare it to a reference chart to help identify the mineral.
The streak test is a method used by geologists and mineralogists to identify minerals based on the color of the powder they leave behind when scraped against a rough surface. To perform the streak test, the student will rub each mineral against a porcelain tile, creating a streak of powder. This powder is typically a different color than the mineral itself and can be used to identify the mineral.
The color of the streak is often more consistent across different samples of the same mineral than the color of the mineral itself. For example, a sample of hematite may be black, gray, or reddish-brown, but its streak will always be red-brown. This makes the streak test a useful tool for identifying minerals.
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Directions: Balance the following chemical equations. Descriptions of the equation, physical states, and atoms that are ions (have a
positive or negative charge) have absolutely no effect on balancing. The problems at the very end with a "**" are extremely difficult.
They are far more difficult thaN the problems that will appear on your test of final exam. Give them a try if you like a challenge or have
extra time in class
1) 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g)
2) 2 NaN3(s) 2 Na(s) + 3 N2(g)
3) 6 Na + Fe2O3 3 Na2O + 2 Fe
4) 3 Mg(s) + N2(g) Mg3N2(s)
5) 2 Na + 2 NH3 2 NaNH2 + H2
6) Na2O + 2 CO2 + H2O 2 NaHCO3
7) P4S3(s) + 6 O2(g) P4O6(g) + 3 SO2(g)
8) 2 Na3PO4 + 3 CaCl2 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 NaCl
9) 2 C8H18(l) + 25 O2(g) 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(g)
10) C2H6O(l) + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(g)
11) Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI PbI2 + 2 KNO3
12) 2 N2O5 4 NO2 + O2
13) 2 KClO3(s) 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)
14) 2 CO(g) + O2(g) 2 CO2(g)
15) 2 C57H110O6(s) + 163 O2(g) 114 CO2(g) + 110 H2O(l)
16) 6 Na + 2 O2 2 Na2O + Na2O217) 2 Al + 3 H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
18) 2 C7H10N + 21 O2 14 CO2 + 10 H2O + 2 NO2
19) 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O
20) 3 BaO + 14 Al 3 BaAl4 + Al2O3
21) 2 AgN3(s) 3 N2(g) + 2 Ag(s)
22) Pt + 4 HNO3 + 6 HCl H2PtCl6 + 4 NO2 + 4 H2O
23) 2 LuCl3 + 3 Ca 2 Lu + 3 CaCl2
24) XeF6 + 3 H2O XeO3 + 6 HF
25) Ba2XeO6 + 2 H2SO4 2 BaSO4 + 2 H2O + XeO4
26) P4O6 + 6 H2O 4 H3PO3
27) 2 C6H14(l) + 19 O2(g) 12 CO2(g) + 14 H2O(g)
28) 2 MoS2 + 7 O2 2 MoO3 + 4 SO2
**22) 2 K2MnF6 + 4 SbF5 4 KSbF6 + 2 MnF3 + F2
**23) S + 6 HNO3 H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + H2O
**24) 3 Cu + 8 HNO3 3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O
**25) CuS + 8 HNO3 CuSO4 + 8 NO2 + 4 H2O
**26) Cu2S + 12 HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + CuSO4 + 10 NO2 + 6 H2O
**27) 5 NaBr + NaBrO3 + 3 H2SO4 3 Br2 + 3 Na2SO4 + 3 H2O
**28) 48 KNO3 + 5 C12H22O11 24 N2 + 36 CO2 + 55 H2O + 24 K2CO3
The chemical equations shown in the question are already balanced. It can be said to be balanced if the number of atoms of each element involved in the reaction is equal to the number of atoms of the same element in the product of the reaction.
The Balancing methodThe Balancing method is used to balance chemical equations. Here are the steps involved in balancing chemical equations:
Step 1: First write down the unbalanced chemical equation.Step 2: Next, start balancing the elements that appear in the equation.Step 3: Begin by adding a coefficient to one of the elements on one side of the equation.Step 4: In order to balance the equation, the coefficient will then have to be added to other elements on the same side of the equation.Step 5: Finally, when the elements on the left and right sides of the equation are equal, then the equation is balanced.The equation is now balanced if the number of atoms of each element in the reactants is equal to the number of atoms of the same element in the products after balancing.learn more about balanced chemical equations
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Consider the following equation in answering #45 CH4(g) + 202(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) 5. This reaction is performed under constant temperature and pressure, and 2.75 L of gas are collected when the reaction is complete. How many liters of methane (CH4) were present at the beginning of the reaction? a. 0.917 L b. 1.00L c. 1.83 L d. 2.75 L e. 5.50I
The reaction is performed under constant temperature and pressure, and 2.75 L of gas are collected when the reaction is complete. The volume of methane present at the beginning of the reaction is 2.49 L. Thus, the correct option will be D.
What is the volume of methane?Balanced equation can be written as: CH₄(g) + 2O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(g). From the balanced chemical equation, it is clear that 1 mole of CH₄ reacts with 2 moles of H₂O gas. Hence, the number of moles of CH₄ can be calculated by using the ideal gas equation, that is,
PV = nRT
V/n = RT/P
n = PV/RT
The volume of gas is V = 2.75 L. The temperature and pressure are constant. Hence, PV = nRT
The gas constant R = 0.0821 L atm K⁻¹mol⁻¹
The temperature is not given, hence can be assumed to be 298 K. The pressure is not given, hence can be assumed to be 1 atm.
2.75 × 1 = n × 0.0821 × 298
n = (2.75 × 1) / (0.0821 × 298) = 0.111 mole
From the balanced chemical equation, it is known that 1 mole of CH₄ occupies 22.4 L at STP. Hence, the number of liters of CH₄ present at the beginning of the reaction can be calculated by using the following formula.
Volume of CH₄ = n(CH₄) × 22.4 = 0.111 × 22.4 = 2.4864 L
Approximately, the number of liters of CH₄ present at the beginning of the reaction is 2.49 L.
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which example is an exothermic reaction? responses dissolving sugar in water dissolving sugar in water melting ice melting ice dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to cool the water dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to cool the water condensation
The correct option is dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to cool the water.
Among the given options, the example of an exothermic reaction is dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to cool the water.
Exothermic reactions are chemical reactions that release heat energy into the surroundings. As a result, the products have less energy than the reactants. Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to cool the water is a good example of an exothermic reaction because it releases heat energy and cools down the surrounding water.
When ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, it releases heat, causing the temperature of the water to decrease. The reaction is exothermic because it releases heat to the surroundings. Dissolving sugar in water and melting ice are examples of endothermic reactions because they absorb heat energy from the surroundings.
Therefore, the correct answer is the option of dissolving ammonium nitrate in water to cool the water.
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give the numerical value of n corresponding to the 3p orbital.
The orbitals that electrons occupy in the quantum mechanical model of the atom have particular energy levels. The size of the electron's orbital is determined by the primary quantum number (n).
an integer that represents the energy level of an electron. The third energy level or shell of the atom contains a subshell called the 3p orbital. As a result, the 3p orbital's numerical value of n equals 3. The third energy level's p subshell, which comes in two different varieties, has three orbitals: 3px, 3py, and 3pz. These orbitals each have a different spatial orientation within the atom and have the capacity to accommodate up to two electrons.The primary quantum number, n=3, and the 3p orbital are equivalent. The energy level of an electron in an atom is described by the fundamental quantum number, n. The "p" in 3p stands for the orbital shape or subshell, and the "3" refers to the value of n.
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"¿CÓMO ENVIAR SUMINISTROS A ZONAS INACCESIBLES?"
Una empresa dedicada a la fabricación y distribución de insumos médicos está ensayando distintos diseños de paracaídas para atender su reparto de vacunas a lugares inaccesibles como pequeñas poblaciones asentadas en quebradas o en selva virgen donde no existen carreteras de acceso o pistas de aterrizaje. En este momento sus paracaídas se encuentran en la etapa de investigación y ensayos que permitan asegurar que una caja con las vacunas en frascos de vidrio no se dañe en el momento de llegar al suelo. Dentro de los parámetros de eficiencia que maneja la empresa fabricante de estos paracaídas para suministros, este debe ser pequeño, económico, ligero, resistente; pero en especial, debe reducir significativamente la velocidad de caída de una caja de tetrapak de 1 litro cuyo peso oscila entre los 45 g y 50 g, es decir, el tiempo de descenso con el paracaídas debe ser por lo menos el triple del tiempo de caída libre de la caja.
Para tu pregunta de indagación y su respectiva hipótesis de trabajo, distribuye tus variables en el siguiente cuadro:
Variable Independiente (V. I): Causa
Variable Dependiente (V. D): Efecto
Variables intervinientes (Por controlar para que no afecte a la variable dependiente)
Ayuda porfa doy corona!!!!!
The independent variable is the design of the parachute, the dependent variable is the descent time of the box, and the intervening variables to control are air resistance, wind direction, and altitude.
Based on the hypothesis that using a parachute design that reduces the falling speed of a box with vaccines will prevent damage upon landing in not accessible areas, the experiment will test the effectiveness of various parachute designs in reducing the falling speed of a 1-liter box weighing between 45g and 50g.
The independent variable is the parachute design, while the dependent variable is the falling speed of the box. The intervening variables that will be controlled to ensure accuracy in the experiment include wind speed, altitude, and weight of the box. The results of the experiment will provide insight into the most effective parachute design for safely delivering vaccines to not accessible areas.
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--The complete question is, "HOW TO SEND SUPPLIES TO INACCESSIBLE AREAS?"
A company dedicated to the manufacture and distribution of medical supplies is testing different parachute designs to handle the distribution of vaccines to inaccessible areas such as small populations settled in gorges or vir-gin jungle where there are no access roads or runways. At present, their parachutes are in the research and testing stage to ensure that a box with vaccines in glass vials is not damaged when it reaches the ground. Within the efficiency parameters that the manufacturer of these supply parachutes handles, it should be small, economical, lightweight, resistant; but especially, it must significantly reduce the falling speed of a 1-liter tetrapak box weighing between 45g and 50g, that is, the descent time with the parachute must be at least triple the free fall time of the box.
For your inquiry question and its respective working hypothesis, distribute your variables in the following table:
Independent Variable (IV): Cause
Dependent Variable (DV): Effect
Intervening Variables (To control so they do not affect the dependent variable)--
Consider the reaction NH4HS(s) ? NH3(g) + H2S(g)At a certain temperature, Kc = 8.5x10-3. A reaction mixture at this temperature containing solid NH4HS has [NH3] = 0.166 M and [H2S] 0.166 M. Will more of the solid form or will some of the existing solid decompose as equilibrium is reached?
The given equilibrium reaction is: NH4HS(s) ⇌ NH3(g) + H2S(g)
What is equilibrium reaction?
An equilibrium reaction is a reversible chemical reaction in which the forward and backward reactions occur at equal rates. At equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant, and the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction. In other words, the system is in a state of dynamic balance, where the concentrations of the reactants and products do not change over time.
The equilibrium constant, Kc, is given as 8.5 x 10^-3 at a certain temperature. At equilibrium, the concentrations of NH3 and H2S are given as [NH3] = 0.166 M and [H2S] = 0.166 M. We are asked to determine whether more of the solid NH4HS will form or whether some of the existing solid will decompose to reach equilibrium.
To solve this problem, we can first use the equilibrium constant expression to calculate the equilibrium concentration of NH4HS:
Kc = ([NH3] x [H2S]) / [NH4HS]
8.5 x 10^-3 = (0.166 M x 0.166 M) / [NH4HS]
[NH4HS] = (0.166 M x 0.166 M) / 8.5 x 10^-3
[NH4HS] = 3.25 M
The calculated concentration of NH4HS at equilibrium is 3.25 M, which is greater than the initial concentration of NH4HS. This indicates that more of the solid NH4HS will dissolve to form NH3 and H2S, rather than some of the existing solid decomposing. Therefore, the system will shift towards the product side to consume more NH4HS and form additional NH3 and H2S.
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if a reaction mixture initially contains 5 mol of a and 6 mol of b, how much heat (in kj) will have evolved once the reaction has occurred to the greatest extent possible?
If a reaction mixture initially contains 5 mol of a and 6 mol of b, then the heat which will have evolved once the reaction has occurred to the greatest extent possible will be -4102.5KJ.
What is heat of reaction?The given reaction mixture initially contains 5 mol of A and 6 mol of B. We have to find the amount of heat (in kJ) evolved once the reaction has occurred to the greatest extent possible. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2A + 3B → 4C + 5D
The given reaction is an exothermic reaction. Hence, when the reaction occurs, heat will be evolved. The heat evolved is equal to the product of the number of moles of reactants and the standard enthalpy change of the reaction. The heat evolved can be calculated as follows: Moles of A = 5, Moles of B = 6, Moles of limiting reagent = 5/2 = 2.5
From the balanced chemical equation, it can be seen that 2 moles of A react with 3 moles of B. Hence, 2.5 moles of A will react completely with 2.5 × 3/2 = 3.75 moles of B. The number of moles of A remaining unreacted = 5 - 2.5 = 2.5. The number of moles of B remaining unreacted = 6 - 3.75 = 2.25. The heat evolved during the reaction = (2.5 + 3.75) × (-426) = -4102.5 kJ.
Hence, the amount of heat evolved once the reaction has occurred to the greatest extent possible is -4102.5 kJ.
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Structure of -a-D-maltose. Can someone help?
Answer:
-a-D-Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together by a glycosidic bond. The two glucose molecules are linked together in an alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond, meaning that the anomeric carbon of the first glucose molecule is linked to the fourth carbon of the second glucose molecule. The two glucose molecules are also in the D-configuration, meaning that the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon of the first glucose molecule is on the right side when viewed from the bottom of the molecule.
Explanation:
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A chemist adds a strip of magnesium metal to a basic solution. Which of the following best describes the reaction that would occur when the magnesium metal is added to the basic solution? Hint: Will Hor OH be more prevalent in an acidic solution? In a basic solution? You might also find it helpful to reference Tables E.1 and E.2 in the back of your lab manual. A) No reaction. The overall moles of all species stays the same. Reaction producing a white precipitate of Mg(OH)2. B) This causes the overall moles of Mg2+ has decreased. C) Reaction producing aqueous Mg2cations. This causes the overall moles of Mg2to increase.
Answer:
When a chemist adds a strip of magnesium metal to a basic solution, the reaction that occurs is the reaction producing a white precipitate of Mg(OH)2. The best answer option is A. No reaction.
Explanation:
The overall moles of all species stay the same. The chemical reaction that occurs when magnesium is added to a basic solution is represented as follows:
Mg + 2OH- → Mg(OH)2↓ + H2↑
Where Mg is magnesium metal and OH- is hydroxide ion. In this reaction, magnesium reacts with hydroxide ions to produce magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Magnesium hydroxide is a white precipitate and will form immediately as soon as magnesium is added to the basic solution.
It is insoluble in water and thus, separates from the solution in the form of a white precipitate. Therefore, the correct answer is option A. No reaction. The overall moles of all species stay the same.
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A neutralization reaction produces H2O and SrBr2. Select the acid-base reactants for this neutralization reaction.
a. SrOH
b. HSr
c. Br(OH)2
d. HBr
e. Sr(OH)2
The neutralization reaction produces H₂O and SrBr₂. The acid-base reactants for this neutralization reaction are HBr and Sr(OH)₂. Hence, correct option are b) and e).
What is a neutralization reaction?A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that creates salt and water. Acids donate hydrogen ions, while bases accept them.
When the two react, they neutralize each other and form water (H₂O) and salt. The salt formed is a combination of the anion (from the acid) and the cation (from the base).
In this reaction, acid-base reactants are mixed and neutralized to form water (H₂O) and SrBr₂.
The chemical equation for the reaction:
HBr + Sr(OH)₂ → H₂O + SrBr2
Acid-base reactants for this neutralization reaction are HBr and Sr(OH)₂, and the product produced is water (H₂O) and SrBr₂. Option are b) and e) are correct .
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2-Bromobutane is optically active but 1-Bromobutane is optically inactive. Why?2-bromobutane is a chiral molecule as it contains an asymmetric carbon atom therefore, it is optically active whereas 1-bromobutane is an achiral molecule as it does not contain an asymmetric carbon atom therefore it is optically inactive.
2-Bromobutane is optically active because it is a chiral molecule, which contains an asymmetric carbon atom. On the other hand, 1-Bromobutane is optically inactive because it is an achiral molecule, which does not contain an asymmetric carbon atom.
Optically active molecule- A chiral molecule that is capable of rotating light is an optically active molecule.
Chiral molecule- A molecule is called a chiral molecule if it cannot be superimposed with its mirror image. This molecule has no plane of symmetry.
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When drawing the Lewis structure of the H,CO molecule, the structure should represent a total of 12 valence electrons. Based on the elements present, a total of electrons are needed for a stable structure. Thus, there should be bonds in the structure, The ____... - atom should be in the center with ____... and _____.
When drawing the Lewis structure of the H, CO molecule, the structure should represent a total of 12 valence electrons. The carbon atom should be in the center with one hydrogen and one oxygen.
What is Lewis structure?A Lewis structure is a diagram that shows the lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons in a molecule or ion. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom that take part in chemical reactions. They are placed on the Lewis structure's outermost orbitals.
The Lewis dot structure of CO and H are given below: Carbon has four valence electrons, and oxygen has six valence electrons. Hydrogen has one valence electron. The total valence electrons for CO and H can be calculated as follows:
Valence electrons for CO: Valence electrons for C = 4
Valence electrons for O = 6
Total valence electrons for CO = 4 + 6 = 10
Valence electrons for H : Valence electrons for H = 1
Total valence electrons for H₂O = 1 × 2 = 2
Total valence electrons for H, CO = 10 + 2 = 12
In the Lewis structure of H, CO, the carbon atom should be in the center with one hydrogen and one oxygen. The carbon atom, which is the least electronegative element, should be in the center since it has to make the most bonds. One oxygen and one hydrogen atom should be bonded to the carbon atom. There should be one double bond between carbon and oxygen.
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The ability of an atom during bond formation to attract electrons from its bonding partner
-The higher it is, the stronger the atom's electron attracting ability
-Nonmetals are higher (gain electrons while metals lose them)
-Electronegativities increase from left to right across periodic table rows and decrease as you move down a column
-Fluorine is the most electronegative element, Francium is the least
The ability of an atom during bond formation to attract electrons from its bonding partner is called electronegativity. The higher the electronegativity of an atom, the stronger its electron-attracting ability.
Let's understand this in detail:
Electronegativity is the power of an atom or molecule to attract electrons to itself in a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity is influenced by its atomic number, the number of protons in the atom's nucleus.
The electronegativity of an atom is higher when its valence shell is nearly empty or nearly full.
Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period because of the increasing effective nuclear charge, which is the force of attraction between the positively charged atomic nucleus and the negatively charged electrons.
Electronegativity decreases down a group due to the increasing distance between the valence electrons and the positively charged nucleus.
Francium has the lowest electronegativity, while fluorine has the highest electronegativity.
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which of the following could be added to a solution of sodium acetate to produce a buffer?group of answer choiceshydrochloric acid onlypotassium acetate onlyacetic acid or hydrochloric acidacetic acid only
Adding either hydrochloric acid or acetic acid to a solution of sodium acetate can produce a buffer. The chemical equation for the reaction between sodium acetate and hydrochloric acid is NaAc + HCl → NaCl + HAc, and for the reaction between sodium acetate and acetic acid is NaAc + HAc → NaCl + AcOH.
Sodium acetate can be used to make buffer solutions. A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added. The two most important components of a buffer are a weak acid and its corresponding conjugate base. Acetic acid and sodium acetate are two such components that can be used to create a buffer. As a result, the answer to the question is acetic acid. Hence, option (c) acetic acid or hydrochloric acid is correct. Therefore, adding acetic acid to a sodium acetate solution would produce a buffer. The buffer solution can withstand pH changes when hydrochloric acid is added. Since hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, it ionizes completely in the solution and lowers the pH significantly. Acetic acid is a weak acid, on the other hand. It ionizes partially in solution, resulting in a small decrease in pH. When hydrochloric acid is added to the acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer, the additional hydrogen ions react with the buffer's acetate ion to form more acetic acid, which consumes the hydrogen ions and prevents a drastic decrease in pH. This is how a buffer works.
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What is the most flammable element in the periodic table?
A. fluoride
B. sulfur
C. uranium
D. hydrogen
Which of the following molecules would have the highest boiling point?
A. hexane
B. 2-methylhexane
C. 2-propylpentane
D. octane
The molecule with the highest boiling point among the given options is 2-propylpentane. This is because the boiling point increases with the size of the molecule and branching lowers the boiling point. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is meant by boiling point?The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas state at normal atmospheric pressure. The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure, which is generally measured in kilopascals. When a liquid's vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure, the pressure acting on the surface of the liquid becomes equal to the pressure pushing down on the surface of the liquid.
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the external or atmospheric pressure, resulting in the formation of a vapor bubble inside the liquid. When the vapor bubble leaves the liquid's surface, the boiling process is complete. The boiling point of a pure liquid changes with the external pressure, which influences the liquid's vapor pressure.
The reason for the difference in boiling points is the size of the molecule. The greater the size of the molecule, the greater the dispersion forces between molecules, the higher the boiling point. Also, branching lowers the boiling point, as branching reduces the surface area of the molecule, lowering the ability of the molecule to interact with one another.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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GIVING BRAINLIEST AND THANKS!
Can anyone help with this worksheet?
There are three mole equalities. They are: 1 mol = 6.02 x 1023 particles 1 mol = molar mass in g (periodic table) 1 mol = 22.4 L for a gas at STP
How many moles are there in 2750 ml of Hydrogen?
How many atoms are there in 27.8 L of Oxygen.?
How many atoms are in 0.62 mole of water?
Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen are in 1.7 x 1022atoms
Calculate the number of atoms in 2500 L of water
Calculate the mass of 2.5mol 2NH3
Given the following balanced chemical equation:
C5H12+8O2→5CO2+6H2O
How many moles of H2O can be formed if 0.0652 mol of C5H12 were to react?
Balance the following unbalanced equation and determine how many moles of H2O are produced when 1.65 mol of NH3 react:
NH3+O2→N2+H2O
8. How many moles of oxygen react with hydrogen to produce 27.6 mol of H2O
? Unbalanced: H2 + O2 → H2O balanced equation and solve.
9. If we have 3.59 mol of Fe2O3 , how many grams of SO3 can react with it?
Fe2O3 + 3SO3 —------> Fe2(SO4)3
1. How many moles of magnesium is 3.01 x 1022 atoms of magnesium?
2. How many molecules are there in 4.00 moles of glucose, C6H12O6
?
3. How many moles are 1.20 x 1025 atoms of phosphorous?
4. How many atoms are in 0.750 moles of zinc?
5. How many molecules are in 0.400 moles of N2O5?
Mole-Mass Conversions
1. How many moles in 28 grams of CO2?
2. What is the mass of 5 moles of Fe2O3 ?
3. Find the number of moles of argon in 452 g of argon.
4. Find the grams in 1.26 x 10-4 mol of HC2H3O2.
5. Find the mass in 2.6 mol of lithium bromide.
Mole-Volume Conversions
1. Determine the volume, in liters, occupied by 0.030 moles of a gas at STP.
2. How many moles of argon atoms are present in 11.2 L of argon gas at STP?
3. What is the volume of 0.05 mol of neon gas at STP?
There are 0.123 moles of Hydrogen in 2750 mL of Hydrogen; There are 1.51 x 10²⁴ Oxygen atoms in 27.8 L of Oxygen ; There are 1.11 x 10²⁴ atoms in 0.62 mole of water; There are 0.282 moles of hydrogen in 1.7 x 10²² atoms : There are approximately 2.02 x 10²⁶ atoms in 2500 L water. mass of 2.5 mol of NH3 is 42.57 g.
What is a chemical equation?Symbolic representation of chemical reaction in form of symbols and chemical formulas is called balanced chemical equation.
1 mol H2 = 22.4 L H2
x mol H2 = 2.75 L H2
x = 2.75 L H2 / 22.4 L H2
x = 0.123 mol H2
Therefore, there are 0.123 moles of Hydrogen in 2750 mL of Hydrogen.
1 mol O2 = 22.4 L O2
x mol O2 = 27.8 L O2
x = 27.8 L O2 / 22.4 L O2
x = 1.24 mol O2
1 mol O2 = 6.02 x 10²³ O2 molecules
1.24 mol O2 = 1.24 x 6.02 x 10²³ O2 molecules
1.24 mol O2 = 7.53 x 10²³ O2 molecules
7.53 x 10²³ O2 molecules x 2 atoms O per molecule = 1.51 x 10²⁴ Oxygen atoms
Therefore, there are 1.51 x 10²⁴ Oxygen atoms in 27.8 L of Oxygen.
As 1 mole H2O is 6.02 x 10²³ H2O molecules
and 1 H2O molecule=2 H atoms+1 O atom= 3 atoms
0.62 mol H2O x 6.02 x 10²³ H2O molecules/mol x 3 atoms/H2O molecule = 1.11 x 10²⁴ atoms
Therefore, there are 1.11 x 10²⁴ atoms in 0.62 mole of water.
1 mol H2= 6.02 x 10²³ H2 molecules
1.7 x 10²² H2 molecules / 6.02 x 10²³ H2 molecules per mole = x moles H2
x =0.282 mol H2
Therefore, there are 0.282 moles of hydrogen in 1.7 x 10²² atoms.
2500 L of water / 22.4 L/mol = 111.6 mol of water
111.6 mol of water x 6.02 x 10²³ molecules/mol = 6.72 x 10²⁵ molecules of water
6.72 x 10²⁵ molecules of water x 3 atoms/molecule = 2.02 x 10²⁶ atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in 2500 L water.
Therefore, there are approximately 2.02 x 10²⁶ atoms in 2500 L water.
As, mass is number of moles x molar mass
= 2.5 mol NH3 x 17.03 g/mol NH3
mass = 42.57 g
Therefore, mass of 2.5 mol of NH3 is 42.57 g.
C5H12 + 8O2 → 5CO2 + 6H2O
0.0652 mol C5H12 x 6 mol H2O/1 mol C5H12 = 0.3912 mol H2O
And therefore, 0.3912 mol H2O is formed if 0.0652 mol of C5H12 react.
Balance equation: NH3 + 2O2 → N2 + 3H2O
1.65 mol NH3 x 3 mol H2O/1 mol NH3 = 4.95 mol H2O
Therefore, 4.95 mol of H2O are produced when 1.65 mol of NH3 reacts.
From balanced equation: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
So, 27.6 mol H2Ox 1 mol O2/2 mol H2O=13.8 mol O2
Therefore, 13.8 mol of O2 react with hydrogen to produce 27.6 mol of H2O.
Using balanced equation: Fe2O3 + 3SO3 → Fe2(SO4)3
3.59 mol Fe2O3 x 3 mol SO3/1 mol Fe2O3 = 10.77 mol SO3
10.77 mol SO3 x 80.06 g/mol = 862.6 g SO3
Therefore, 862.6 g of SO3 can react with 3.59 mol of Fe2O3.
3.01 x 10²² atoms of Mg / 6.02 x 10^23 atoms/mol = 0.050 mol of Mg
Therefore, 3.01 x 10^22 atoms of Mg is equal to 0.050 mol of Mg.
1 mol of glucose (C6H12O6) = 6.02 x 10²³ molecules
Therefore: 4.00 mol of glucose x 6.02 x 10²³ molecules/mol = 2.41 x 10²⁴ molecules of glucose
Therefore, there are 2.41 x 10²⁴ molecules in 4.00 moles of glucose.
1 mol of phosphorous = 6.02 x 10²³ atoms
Therefore: 1.20 x 10²⁵ atoms of phosphorous / 6.02 x 10²³ atoms/mol = 19.9 mol of phosphorous
Therefore, 1.20 x 10²⁵ atoms of phosphorous is equal to 19.9 mol of phosphorous.
1 mol of zinc = 6.02 x 10²³ atoms
Therefore: 0.750 mol of zinc x 6.02 x 10²³ atoms/mol = 4.52 x 10²³ atoms of zinc
Therefore, there are 4.52 x 10²³ atoms in 0.750 moles of zinc.
1 mol of N2O5 = 6.02 x 10²³ molecules
Therefore: 0.400 mol of N2O5 x 6.02 x 10²³ molecules/mol = 2.41 x 10²³ molecules of N2O5
Therefore, there are 2.41 x 10²³ molecules in 0.400 moles of N2O5.
Molar mass of CO2 is 12.01 + 2(16.00) = 44.01 g/mol.
moles = mass/molar mass = 28 g/44.01 g/mol = 0.636 mol
Therefore, there are 0.636 moles in 28 grams of CO2.
Molar mass of Fe2O3 is 2(55.85) + 3(16.00) = 159.69 g/mol.
mass = moles x molar mass = 5 mol x 159.69 g/mol = 798.45 g
Therefore, mass of 5 moles of Fe2O3 is 798.45 grams.
Molar mass of Ar is 39.95 g/mol.
moles = mass/molar mass = 452 g/39.95 g/mol = 11.3 mol
Therefore, there are 11.3 moles of Ar in 452 grams of Ar.
Molar mass of HC2H3O2 is 1(1.01) + 2(12.01) + 2(1.01) + 2(16.00) = 60.05 g/mol.
mass = moles x molar mass = 1.26 x 10⁻⁴ mol x 60.05 g/mol = 0.00756 g
Therefore, there are 0.00756 grams in 1.26 x 10⁻⁴ mol of HC2H3O2.
Molar mass of LiBr is 6.94 + 79.90 = 86.84 g/mol.
mass = moles x molar mass = 2.6 mol x 86.84 g/mol = 225.784 g
Therefore, mass in 2.6 mol of LiBr is 225.784 grams.
volume = moles x 22.4 L/mol = 0.030 mol x 22.4 L/mol = 0.672 L
Therefore, 0.030 moles of a gas at STP occupies volume of 0.672 liters.
moles = volume/22.4 L/mol = 11.2 L/22.4 L/mol = 0.5 mol
Therefore, 0.5 moles of argon atoms present in 11.2 L of argon gas at STP.
Therefore, to find volume of 0.05 mol of neon gas at STP:
volume = moles x 22.4 L/mol = 0.05 mol x 22.4 L/mol = 1.12 L
Therefore, 0.05 mol of neon gas at STP occupies volume of 1.12 liters.
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Calculate the mass of sodium chloride required to prepare a 100cm^3 of 1.00 mol dm^-3 sodium chloride solution.( The molar mass of sodium Chloride is 58.5gmol^-1)
Answer:
To prepare a 1.00 mol dm^-3 sodium chloride solution, we need to dissolve one mole of sodium chloride in one liter of solution (1000 cm^3).
However, we only need to prepare 100 cm^3 of the solution, which is 1/10 of a liter. So we need to dissolve:
1/10 * 1.00 mol = 0.100 mol
of sodium chloride in 100 cm^3 of solution.
The molar mass of sodium chloride is 58.5 g/mol. So to calculate the mass of sodium chloride required, we can use:
mass = number of moles x molar mass
mass = 0.100 mol x 58.5 g/mol
mass = 5.85 g
Therefore, we need 5.85 g of sodium chloride to prepare 100 cm^3 of 1.00 mol dm^-3 sodium chloride solution.
for 280.0 ml of a buffer solution that is 0.225 m in hcho2 and 0.300 m in kcho2, calculate the initial ph and the final ph after adding 0.028 mol of n
The amount of salt in the buffer solution will rise by 0.028 mol since the added Na is a salt. The amount of acid present won't alter. Consequently, the finished pH of the As a result, the buffer solution's final pH may be determined as follows: pH = 4.74 + log((0.300 + 0.028)/0.225) = 5.11.
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which asserts that pH = pKa + log([salt]/[acid]), may be used to determine the initial pH of a buffer solution. HCHO2 and KCHO2 have pKas of 4.74 and 9.31, respectively. Consequently, the following formula may be used to determine the buffer solution's starting pH: pH = 4.74 + log(0.300/0.225) = 4.98.
The buffer solution will become more basic as a result of the addition of hydroxide ions after adding 0.028 mol of Na. With the revised salt and acid concentrations, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation may still be used to determine the buffer solution's ultimate pH.
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Which of the following molecules would have the highest boiling point?
a) hexane
b) octane
c) 2-propylpentane
d) 2-methylhexane
The molecule which would have the highest boiling point is 2-methylhexane. Thus, the correct option will be D.
What is boiling point?The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the external pressure. The boiling point of a liquid is a measure of its vapor pressure. The higher the boiling point, the higher the vapor pressure of the liquid, and the more heat is required to vaporize it.
The boiling point of a substance is affected by the strength and types of intermolecular forces. The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point. 2-methylhexane has highest boiling point because it has the highest number of carbons and branches, which contribute to its strong intermolecular forces that lead to a higher boiling point.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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While the composition of oxygen and nitrogen in air does not change with altitude, the decreasing temperature at high altitude does change the percent of air that is composed of H2O. Assuming constant relative humidity, which of the following can be asserted about the total grams of H2O in a given volume of air at 3000 m above sea level versus at sea level?
A. Assuming constant relative humidity means that air has roughly the same mass of H2O per unit volume at 3000 m above sea level.
B. Whether air at very high altitude has more or less mass of H2O per unit volume than it does at sea level depends on the temperature at high altitude.
C. Air has significantly more mass of H2O per unit volume at 3000 m above sea level.
D. Air has significantly less mass of H2O per unit volume at 3000 m above sea level.
The correct assertion is that whether air at very high altitude has more or less mass of H2O per unit volume than it does at sea level depends on the temperature at high altitude and the correct option is option B.
As the altitude increases, the temperature decreases. The amount of water vapor that air can hold is dependent on its temperature, with colder air being able to hold less moisture.
Therefore, at higher altitudes with lower temperatures, the air has a reduced capacity to hold water vapor. This means that the amount of water vapor in a given volume of air at high altitude will be less than at sea level, assuming constant relative humidity.
Thus, the ideal selection is option B.
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6.carbon 14 (14c) is unstable and has a half-life of 5730 years. an organic material buried in sedimentary rocks shows the parent-daughter ratio at 1:15 (meaning 1/16 parent, 15/16 daughter). assuming there was no daughter element at the time of burial, how old is this organic material?
The time of burial, the organic material will be about 34,880 years old.
What is the half-life of an element?Half-life (t½) is the time which is required for a quantity of the substance to reduce to the half of its initial value. The term is commonly used in the nuclear physics to describe how quickly the unstable atoms or chemical elements undergo the radioactive decay or how long the stable atoms survive.
The amount of carbon 14 (14C) which can be found in the organic matter decreases due to the radiocarbon process. This process is also called as the radioactive decay. The half-life of carbon-14 (14C) is 5730 years. An organic material which was buried in the sedimentary rocks is examined, and it is the parent-daughter ratio is equal to about 1:15, indicating that there will be 1/16 of the parent element and 15/16 of the daughter element.
The organic material is supposed to have no daughter element at the time of burial. The age of this organic material is to be calculated. As given, the ratio of parent-daughter elements is 1:15 (1/16 parent, 15/16 daughter). After one half-life (i.e., 5730 years), half of the parent atoms will have decayed to the daughter atoms. Therefore, the parent-to-daughter ratio would be 1/32 parent, 31/32 daughter.
After the two half-lives (5730 + 5730 = 11460 years), 1/4 of the original parent atoms will remain, and the ratio will be 1/4 parent, 3/4 daughter. 1/4 is equal to 4/16. 4/16 + 12/16 = 16/16 = 1. This implies that the original amount of carbon 14 (14C) was about 4/16 of what it would have been if there were no daughter material present. To determine the age of the organic material, we may set up the following equation:
Parent to daughter ratio = 1:15 after 2 half-lives,
which is 5730 × 2 = 11,460.15/16 = (1/2)² × (1/16) = 1/64 (15 daughter atoms)
Therefore, there were originally 4 × 15 = 60 carbon 14 (14C) atoms.
1/64 = 1/60 × (1/2)n where n is the number of half-lives which have occurred.
Multiplying both sides by 60 × 64 gives: 1 = 64 × (1/2)n
Subtracting 64 from both sides gives: 63 = (1/2)n
Taking the natural logarithm of both sides gives: ln(-63) = n ln(1/2)
The value of ln(1/2) is -0.69315, so:
n = ln(-63)/ln(1/2)n = 6.0 half-lives have passed (rounded up).
Therefore, the organic material is 6 × 5730 = 34,380 years old.
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When the following molecular equation is balanced using the smallest possible integer coefficients, the values of these coefficients are: H2S (g) + O2 (g) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)
The balanced molecular equation for
H₂S (g) + O₂ (g) ⟶ H₂O (l) + SO₂ (g) is given by:
2H₂S (g) + 3O₂ (g) ⟶ 2H₂O (l) + 2SO₂ (g).
The equation is to be balanced, and it must obey the law of conservation of mass, which states that the number of atoms on the reactants' side must be equal to the number of atoms on the products' side.
To balance the equation for H₂S (g) + O₂ (g) ⟶ H₂O (l) + SO₂ (g), let us consider sulfur first. On the reactant side, there is one sulfur atom, but there are two sulfur atoms on the product side. To equalize the number of sulfur atoms, a coefficient of two must be placed in front of H₂S:H₂S (g) + O₂ (g) ⟶ 2H₂O (l) + SO₂ (g)
Now we'll count oxygen atoms. There are two oxygen atoms in H₂S and three oxygen atoms in O₂, bringing the total to five. There are four oxygen atoms in H₂O and two in SO₂, for a total of six. The oxygen atoms are not balanced. We must add one more O₂ to the reactant side to equalize the number of oxygen atoms:
2H₂S (g) + 3O₂ (g) ⟶ 2H₂O (l) + 2SO₂ (g)
The molecular equation is now balanced with
2H₂S (g) + 3O₂ (g) ⟶ 2H₂O (l) + 2SO₂ (g)
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