what is the atp yield for one mole of glucose oxidized by the pathway that uses the nonphosphorylating gapdh enzyme?

Answer:1

Explanation:

dna strands its only one since its a double helix it has 2 strands

If you looked at pancreatic cells that produce digestive enzymes with electron microscopy, you would expect to see large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here option C is the correct answer.

The rough ER is a network of flattened membranes that are involved in protein synthesis and transport.

In the case of pancreatic cells, the rough ER is involved in the synthesis of digestive enzymes, which are secreted into the ducts and carried to the small intestine. The digestive enzymes are then used to break down food in the small intestine.

The rough ER is distinguishable from other cellular structures under the electron microscope due to its rough appearance, which is caused by the presence of ribosomes on the membrane surface. These ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis and are the site of the translation of messenger RNA into proteins.

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According to the most parsimonious evolutionary history, the similarity of fins between fishes and orcas can be explained by shared ancestry, convergent evolution, parallel evolution, or a combination of these terms. Here option D is the correct answer.

The fins of fishes and orcas are often used as an example to illustrate different evolutionary mechanisms.

Shared ancestry refers to the idea that two organisms have a common ancestor and have inherited similar traits from that ancestor. If the fins of fishes and orcas are similar because they both descended from a common ancestor that had similar fins, then the explanation for the similarity is shared ancestry.

Convergent evolution refers to the independent evolution of similar traits in separate species as a result of similar environmental pressures or adaptations to similar ecological niches. If the fins of fishes and orcas are similar because they both evolved fins as adaptations to similar environments or to perform similar functions, such as swimming, then the explanation for the similarity is convergent evolution.

Complete question:

What best explains the similarity of fins between fishes and orcas according to the most parsimonious evolutionary history?

A. Shared ancestry

B. Convergent evolution

C. Parallel evolution

D. All of these

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Answer:

The Nucleus

Explanation:

DNA is the genetic information of the cell, and it is stored in the nucleus.

In living organisms, the genome is stored in long molecules of DNA called chromosomes. Small sections of DNA, called genes, code for the RNA and protein molecules required by the organism. In eukaryotes, each cell's genome is contained within a membrane-bound structure called the nucleus.

Phospholipids are placed in water, and they spontaneously form a bilayer because they are amphipathic molecules, which means they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

When phospholipids are placed in water, the hydrophilic head groups are attracted to the water molecules, while the hydrophobic tails are repelled by the water molecules, as a result, they form the structure that protects the hydrophobic area from the water, and this arrangement results in the formation of a bilayer, where two layers of phospholipid molecules are arranged tail-to-tail.

Hence, they spontaneously form a bilayer because they are amphipathic molecules, which means they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

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Plastids are organelles found in plant cells, but not in animal cells. Here option A is the correct answer.

Plastids are membrane-bound structures that play a crucial role in the storage and synthesis of food in plant cells. There are several types of plastids, including chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, and leucoplasts, which are involved in the synthesis and storage of starch, fats, and oils.

Centrioles, on the other hand, are present in animal cells but not in plant cells. Centrioles are cylindrical structures that are involved in cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is found in both plant and animal cells and plays a key role in the synthesis and folding of proteins and lipids. The ER is an extensive network of flattened sacs and tubules that is interconnected with the Golgi apparatus and the nucleus.

Complete question:

which organelles are found in plant cells but are not found in animal cells?

A - plastids.

B - centrioles.

C - endoplasmic reticula.

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The sequence of events starting from the moment ACh A C h is released from axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction and ending when Ca2+ C a 2 + enters the sarcoplasm is as follows : Ach released in synaptic cleft/space. Ach molecules bind to Ach-gated ion channels present on the sarcolemma.

The connection or communication between a muscle fiber's sarcolemma and axon terminal is known as a neuromuscular junction. This junction is in charge of transmitting potential from the axon terminal to the muscle fibre in order to cause the muscle to contract. It is comparable to the synapses found between two neurons.

Beginning at the neuromuscular junction when ACh is released from axon terminals and ending when C a 2 + enters the sarcoplasm, the following series of events occurs:

Synaptic cleft or gap where Ach was released To the Ach-gated ion channels found on the sarcolemma, Ach molecules bind. One channel is occupied by 2 Ach molecules. A channel leading to its opening undergoes conformational modifications. Entering the muscle fibre are positive charges (N a +). either the creation of an end plate potential or a local positive potential.

launch of the action potential and its propagation across the muscle fibre. Action potential is detected by DHP (dihydropyridine) receptors.

Channels for the release of C a 2 are opened. The sarcoplasm of the muscle is invaded by C a 2 + ions, which aid in muscular contraction.

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Prostate cancer can only affects bodies with male reproductive organs.

In general , Prostate cancer genetically affect and runs in many families, That indicates that in some cases there may be an inherited or genetic factor . Main factor for this type of cancer is hpc1 gene in males. on the other hand they can be found in most in males without any family history . While studies says that having a father or brother with prostate cancer generally doubles the chance of developing this disease.

If a father is having  Prostate cancer their sons and grandsons are at higher risk of getting prostate cancer. While in females the daughters and granddaughters have chances of developing colon, breast, ovarian, other cancer.

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Urbanization began to grow especially quickly after the Industrial revolution.

The population transfer from rural to urban regions, the concomitant decline in the number of people living in rural areas, and the methods by which societies adjust to this transition are all referred to as urbanization. It is primarily the process by which towns and cities are created and enlarged as more people move into urban centers to live and work.

Although the terms are occasionally used interchangeably, urbanization and urban expansion should be separated. Urbanization is the percentage of the entire country's population that resides in urban areas, whereas urban growth is the precise number of people who live there.

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The statement "in type 2 diabetes, the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them" is true because the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin.

The cells can't obtain enough energy from meals without this hormone. This type of diabetes is brought on by the immune system of the body targeting the pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin. Over time, the pancreas quits manufacturing enough insulin to satisfy the body's needs as the beta cells deteriorate.

A disorder in the body's ability to control and utilize sugar (glucose) as fuel is type 2 diabetes. This chronic (long-term) disorder causes the bloodstream to circulate with an excessive amount of sugar. Over time, cardiovascular, neurological, and immune system issues might result from excessive blood sugar levels.

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punctuated equilibrium. Any cumulative, net change in an organism's or population's features over a long period of time is considered to constitute evolution, or "descent with modification," in biology.  

Alleles, variations, trait values, and character states are expressly included, as well as their emergence and propagation. James Hutton, a Scottish geologist, first proposed the idea that the laws governing geologic processes have not changed over the course of Earth's history in 1785 at meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.  His ideas, which were later published in two volumes as Theory of the Earth (1795), were subsequently formulated as a theory. Simply put, a time gap in a continuous rock record is referred to as an unconformity.

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The correct option is B ; Reduced, dependent gametophytes , When compared to nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants (lycophytes, ferns, and horsetails) have two major adaptations: true roots and vascular tissue.

These adaptations allowed seedless vascular plants to outcompete nonvascular plants during the early stages of land life's colonization. Because spores can only germinate in the right environmental conditions, producing a large number increases the likelihood that at least one will end up in an area with those conditions. Endosymbiotic organelles in eukaryotic organisms include mitochondria (found in most eukaryotes) and chloroplasts (found only in plants and algae), as well as a few less obvious examples.

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Carbon dioxide (CO₂) plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy.

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken in from the air by the plant through small pores called stomata. The CO₂ is then used as a source of carbon for the synthesis of organic compounds, such as sugars, through a series of chemical reactions. The main reaction that uses CO₂ is the Calvin cycle, which occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

In the Calvin cycle, the CO₂ molecule is combined with a 5-carbon molecule called ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to form a 6-carbon molecule. This 6-carbon molecule is then split into two 3-carbon molecules, which are used to build glucose and other organic compounds. This process effectively "fixes" the carbon from the CO₂ into organic compounds, which can be stored and used as a source of energy by the plant.

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Damage to the cerebral aqueduct would prevent the flow of CSF from the spinal cord and brain. option c)

A column of nerve fibres that extends from the skull base to the middle of the back. It has three thin membrane-like layers of protecting tissue covering it. The vertebrae encircle the spinal cord and its surrounding membranes (back bones). The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord (CNS).

The spinal cord's three main functions are to coordinate reflexes, transmit sensory data from the body to the brain, and transmit motor orders from the brain to the body.

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Answer:

The wavelength of wave B will be greater than wavelength of wave A which has greater frequency.

What is wavelength?

The wavelength of a wave is the distance traveled by the wave.

The relationship between wavelength and frequency of a wave is given as;

v = fλ

λ = v/f

At a constant speed of sound, increase in frequency causes a decrease in the wavelength of a given wave.

Thus, the wavelength of wave B will be greater than wavelength of wave A which has greater frequency.

Explanation:

The wavelength of wave B will be greater than wavelength of wave A which has greater frequency. It means λA=1/3 λB. The correct option is c.

The distance over which a periodic wave's shape repeats is known as the wavelength in physics. The distance a wave travels is measured by its wavelength.

The following is the formula for a wave's relationship between wavelength and frequency:

v = fλ

λ = v/f

A given wave's wavelength decreases as its frequency rises with a constant speed of sound.

Thus, the correct option is c.

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This substance might be brittle, which is a common property of non-conductors of heat and electricity.

Brittle substances are characterized by their low resistance to fracture and breaking easily under stress. Other common properties of brittle substances include low toughness and low ductility, which means that they have little ability to absorb energy or deform under stress before breaking.

Examples of brittle substances include glass and ceramics. These materials are often used in applications where heat and electrical conductivity are not required and where high mechanical strength is not a concern, such as in the production of glassware or ceramic tiles.

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Answer:

The pituitary gland

Explanation:

The pituitary gland makes many hormones, such as: growth hormone, which stimulates the growth of bone and other body tissues and plays a role in the body's handling of nutrients and minerals.

Answer:

Explanation:

When a spatula of potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4, is added to water, several chemical reactions occur.

Initially, potassium manganate(VII) dissolves in water, forming a purple-colored solution due to the oxidation of water molecules by the highly reactive manganese(VII) ion:

2KMnO4 + 3H2O → 2MnO2 + K2O + 6OH-

The hydroxide ions (OH-) produced in this reaction can cause the pH of the solution to become basic.

Next, the dissolved potassium manganate(VII) can act as an oxidizing agent and oxidize any reducing agents present in the solution. For example, if the solution contains any reducing sugars, such as glucose, they will be oxidized to form carboxylic acids:

C6H12O6 + 6KMnO4 + 8H+ → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 6K+ + 2MnO2

The MnO2 produced in these reactions can cause the color of the solution to change from purple to brown. The extent of the color change depends on the amount of reducing agents present in the solution and the reaction conditions.

The structures contacted by a light stimulus when it enters the eye are the cornea, pupil, and iris.

Light first goes through the cornea. The cornea is a dome-shaped structure that bends light so help the eye focus. A portion of this light reaches the eye through a hole known as the pupil. The iris (the colorful component of the eye) regulates how much light enters the pupil. The iris, or coloured component of your eye, regulates the quantity of light that enters. It then passes through the lens. This is the transparent structure within the eye that directs light rays to the retina.

The light then travels through the vitreous humour. This is the transparent, jelly-like fluid that fills the eye's centre. It aids in keeping the eye circular in form. The light eventually reaches the retina. This is the nerve layer that lines on back of the eye and is sensitive to light. The picture is reversed in this case. The optic nerve is then in charge of conveying the impulses to the brain's visual cortex. The impulses are converted into pictures by the visual brain.

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The primary lipid found in foods and the body; it is made up of three fatty acids linked to the glycerol backbone. The three-carbon structure of triglycerides.

Lipids are compounds that are fatty, waxy, or oily. They dissolve in organic solvents but not in polar solvents such as water. Lipids are made up of: Fats and oils (triglycerides) Phospholipids. Waxes. These organic compounds are nonpolar molecules that can only dissolve in nonpolar solvents because water is a polar molecule. These molecules, which are found in foods such as oil, butter, whole milk, cheese, fried foods, and some red meats, can be produced in the human body by the liver.

Lipids are a class of organic substances that include fats and oils. These molecules generate a lot of energy and control a variety of bodily processes.

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The pleasurable effects of food, sex, and narcotics are significantly influenced by the ventral tegmental region structures.

The ventral tegmental area's (VTA) dopamine-releasing neurons play crucial roles in behavior that is goal- and reward-directed. The afferent and efferent connectivity of VTA dopamine-releasing neurons varies, and in certain situations, these neurons release GABA or glutamate in addition to dopamine.

Recent studies have demonstrated that non-dopamine-releasing projection neurons, which have their own unique connections, can also transmit motivational signals originating from the VTA. To produce specific output firing patterns, both dopamine-releasing and non-dopamine-releasing VTA neurons combine afferent impulses with regional inhibitory or excitatory inputs.

It has been demonstrated that a variety of individual inputs, outputs, and local connections are sufficient to produce reward- or aversion-related behavior, demonstrating the remarkable contribution of this small population of neurons to behavior.

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The sit & reach test measures the flexibility of the hamstring muscles.

Muscles are a type of soft tissue found in most animals. They are specialized for movement, providing support and protection for organs, and generating heat. Muscles are composed of cells called fibers, each fiber containing many smaller muscle cells. These muscle cells contract, producing movement in the body. Muscles are connected to bones and other structures by tendons, which allow them to move the body, providing power and strength. Muscles also help to maintain posture and balance. Muscles have the ability to stretch and contract, allowing them to generate force and move the body in different directions. Muscles can also be used to hold objects in place, helping us to grip and manipulate objects.

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The inner mitochondrial membrane is a critical component of the mitochondria, a cellular organelle that produces energy. It's major role is to transport proteins that are required for numerous cellular processes such as energy production, metabolism, and cell signalling.

Proteins traverse the inner mitochondrial membrane in a highly regulated process involving specialised transporters and chaperones. When these proteins enter the mitochondria, they are sorted and directed to their eventual destination within the organelle.

The inner mitochondrial membrane contains a number of specialised transporters, including the inner mitochondrial membrane translocase (TIM) and the outer mitochondrial membrane translocase (TOM). These transporters collaborate to facilitate protein import into the mitochondria. Protein transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane begins with specialised chaperones recognising targeting signals on the protein.

These chaperones subsequently interact with the TIM and TOM transporters, allowing the protein to pass through the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. Once inside the mitochondria, the protein is sorted and directed to its final destination using its unique targeting signals. Some proteins are sent to the matrix, the mitochondria's innermost compartment, where they participate in energy production via the oxidative phosphorylation process. Other proteins are directed to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where they help in transport and metabolism.

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In rare circumstances, inherited variations in mitochondrial DNA can interfere with system growth, development, and operation. These variations, sometimes referred to as mutations, impair the mitochondria's capacity to produce energy for cells effectively.

In addition, mitochondrial mutations frequently result in more obvious phenotypes in tissues with high energy needs, such as brain, retinal, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle tissues. This is because mitochondria serve as the powerhouses of our cells.

Since most patients' DNA extracted from blood cannot identify deletions, single or multiple deletions in mtDNA are often discovered by Southern blot analysis and are best proved by examining DNA isolated from muscle.

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The pancreas is vital for the endocrine system and the digestive system. That is on the feet that it secretes hormones into the bloodstream and pushes and secretes catalysts into the gastrointestinal system. The correct answer is true.

The pancreas plays double parts - it is an organ of the stomach-related framework and of the endocrine framework. The exocrine pancreas produces catalysts that assist to process food, especially protein. The endocrine pancreas makes the hormones insulin, which assists with controlling glucose levels.

The pancreas has stomach-related and hormonal capabilities: The catalysts discharged by the exocrine organ in the pancreas assist with separating starches, fats, proteins, and acids in the duodenum. These catalysts travel down the pancreatic conduit into the bile channel in a dormant structure.

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The pair that correctly matched about electron transport carriers in the etc of eukaryotes is Complex III- cytochrome bc1 complex (option 4)

The inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic organisms houses the electron transport chain and the location of oxidative phosphorylation. The electron transport chain uses the energy generated by the interactions between oxygen and reduced substances such cytochrome c and (indirectly) NADH and FADH2 to pump protons into the intermembrane space, creating the electrochemical gradient over the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, also known as complex III or the cytochrome bc 1 complex, is a multifunctional oligomeric membrane protein complex that is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic organisms or the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells.

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1) The mRNA sequence would be AUG AAU GUU UGG UAU UAA.

2) The sequence of the tRNA would be UAC UUA CAA ACC AUA AUU.

3) The amino acid sequence of the protein being made would be the Methionine Asparagine Valine Tryptophan Tyrosine STOP.

A three-nucleotide sequence in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a particular amino acid. Certain codons indicate the beginning or finish of translation. These are known as start (or termination) codons. A three-nucleotide sequence present on tRNA that binds to the equivalent mRNA sequence is known as an anticodon. The anticodon sequence determines which amino acid is delivered by the tRNA molecule.

The molecule found inside cells holds the genetic information necessary for an organism's growth and function. DNA molecules enable this information to be handed along from generation to generation. A double-stranded helix of DNA is kept together by weak hydrogen bonds among purine-pyrimidine nucleotide base pairs.

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Answer: chemical messengers

Explanation: yes