Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. The ionization energy generally increases as you move from left to right across a period.
It is a periodic trend, meaning it changes in a predictable way as you move across the periodic table. This is because the nuclear charge increases, which means the electrons are more strongly attracted to the nucleus and more energy is required to remove them.
The ionization energy generally decreases as you move down a group. This is because the atomic radius increases, which means the electrons are further away from the nucleus and less energy is required to remove them.
In summary, the periodic trend of ionization energy is that it increases from left to right across a period and decreases from top to bottom down a group.
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What is the mole fraction of i2 in a solution made by dissolving 83. 4 g of i2 in 245 g of hexane, c6h14?.
The mole fraction of I2 in the solution is 0.218 which is made by dissolving 83. 4 g of i2 in 245 g of hexane, c6h14.
The mole fraction of a solute in a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of the solute by the total number of moles of solute and solvent in the solution. To find the number of moles of I2, we first need to convert the mass of I2 to moles using its molecular weight. The molecular weight of I2 is 253.80 g/mol, so the number of moles of I2 is
83.4 g / 253.80 g/mol = 0.329 moles.To find the number of moles of hexane, we use the same calculation. The molecular weight of hexane is 86.18 g/mol, so the number of moles of hexane is:
245 g / 86.18 g/mol = 2.84 moles.
To find the mole fraction of I2, we divide the number of moles of I2 by the total number of moles, which is 0.329 moles / (0.329 moles + 2.84 moles) = 0.218.
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What are the types of interstellar cloud?
Interstellar clouds belong to four different types: diffuse atomic, diffuse molecular, translucent, and dense molecular. The extent of these clouds varies from a few to hundreds of light-years and is composed of gas and a small fraction of dust particles.
Nearly 99% of the interstellar medium is in a gaseous state, with hydrogen making up 90% of the atoms. About half of the gas is linked up in interstellar gas clouds which have different properties counting on the temperature of the gas. In the coldest and densest regions of the interstellar medium, we see clouds whose cores comprise molecular gases, mainly molecular hydrogen (H₂) gas. If the gas cloud is not relatively cold or dense adequately for hydrogen molecules to survive, we end up with a cloud of neutral hydrogen atoms.
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What is a reagent in a chemical reaction?
Generally a reagent can be defined as a compound or mixture that is basically added to a system to start or test a chemical reaction.
A reagent is generally defined as a compound or mixture which is added to a system in order to start or quality check a chemical reaction. A reagent can basically be used to determine the presence or absence of a specific chemical substance in certain reactions which are triggered by the binding of reagents with the substance and other related substances.
Also a reagent can be defined as an integral part of any chemical reaction. A reagent is basically a substance or compound that can facilitate a reaction tremendously, and they are used in most widely in almost every tests. Let's consider an example of, pregnancy tests, blood glucose tests, and most COVID-19 test kits.
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Identify the calculations possible using only 28.02 g/mol as a conversion factor.
Select one or more:
A. Calculate the grams of N2 in 10.58 liters of nitrogen gas
B. Calculate the grams of N2 in 5.03 x 10^20 moles of nitrogen molecules
C. Calculate the moles of N2 molecules in 3.94 grams of nitrogen
D. Calculate the moles of N2 molecules in 4.73 liters of nitrogen gas
The calculations possible using only 28.02 g/mol as a conversion factor are A and C and calculation of each part is below.
A. Calculate the grams of N2 in 10.58 liters of nitrogen gas can be done using the density of nitrogen gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) which is 1.2506 g/L. Using the given volume of 10.58 L and the density of nitrogen gas, we can calculate the grams of N2 as:
Grams of N2 = (10.58 L) x (1.2506 g/L) = 13.23 g of N2
B. Calculate the grams of N2 in 5.03 x 10^20 moles of nitrogen molecules cannot be directly calculated using the given conversion factor of 28.02 g/mol. We would need the Avogadro's number to convert the number of moles to the number of nitrogen molecules, and the molar mass of nitrogen to convert the number of nitrogen molecules to grams.
C. Calculate the moles of N2 molecules in 3.94 grams of nitrogen can be calculated using the molar mass of nitrogen gas, which is 28.02 g/mol. We can use the formula:
Moles of N2 = (Given mass of N2) / (Molar mass of N2)
= 3.94 g / 28.02 g/mol
= 0.1407 moles of N2
D. Calculate the moles of N2 molecules in 4.73 liters of nitrogen gas can also be done using the density of nitrogen gas at STP and the molar mass of nitrogen gas. Using the given volume of 4.73 L and the density of nitrogen gas, we can calculate the mass of nitrogen gas as:
Mass of N2 = (4.73 L) x (1.2506 g/L) = 5.917 g of N2
Then, we can use the formula:
Moles of N2 = (Given mass of N2) / (Molar mass of N2)
= 5.917 g / 28.02 g/mol
= 0.2112 moles of N2
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how can you determine the approximate atomic mass, in atomic mass units?
Using the periodic chart, you may approximate an element's atomic mass. On the periodic table, the atomic mass of each element is stated in units of atomic mass.
The weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element is represented by this value. Simply look up an element's atomic symbol on the periodic table & read the atomic mass that is stated next to it to get its atomic mass.
The periodic chart typically gives the atomic mass to the closest whole integer, while it occasionally may be presented to one or two decimal places. The atomic mass indicated on the periodic table is an aggregate of the masses, which is a crucial point to remember.
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which two rings have approximately the same bond angle in their favored conformations?
a. Cyclopropane
b. Cyclobutene
c. Cyclohexane
d. Cyclopantane
e. Cycloheptane
Cyclopropane and cyclohexane are the two rings having roughly the same bond angle in their preferred conformations.
What is Cyclopropane?Explosive, colorless gas known as cyclopropane, sometimes known as trimethylene, has been used as a general anesthetic in medicine since 1934. Cyclopropane doesn't irritate mucous membranes and doesn't slow down breathing. A colorless gas or liquid under pressure, cyclopropane has a pleasant, mild aroma that is similar to that of petroleum. Both an anesthetic and the production of other compounds employ it.The first time cyclopropane was made, it was by a Wurtz coupling where sodium was used to cycle 1,3-dibromopropane. By using zinc as the dehalogenating agent and sodium iodide as the catalyst in this reaction, the yield can be increased. Cyclopropanation is a term used to describe the process of creating cyclopropane rings.To learn more about Cyclopropane, refer to:
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What contribution did John Dalton make to atomic theory? a. He discovered that every atom was positively charged. b. He discovered that atoms had nuclei. c. He discovered that every element consisted of one type of atom. d. He discovered that atoms could be divided into smaller parts.
John Dalton's main contribution to atomic theory was the idea that every element consisted of one type of atom. Option C is correct.
In the early 19th century, John Dalton proposed that all matter is made up of small, indivisible particles called atoms. He also suggested that atoms of the same element are identical in their physical and chemical properties, and that atoms of different elements combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
While Dalton's atomic theory was not completely correct (for example, atoms can be divided into smaller parts, as in the case of subatomic particles), it was an important step in the development of modern atomic theory.
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In a neutral stable carbon atom with a mass of 11. Determine the number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
Number of Protons:
Number of Neutrons:
Number of Electrons:
Answer:
A neutral stable carbon atom with a mass of 11 has the atomic number 6, which means it has 6 protons in its nucleus. The number of neutrons in a carbon atom can vary, but the most common isotope of carbon has 6 neutrons.
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Therefore, a neutral carbon atom with 6 protons would also have 6 electrons.
So to summarize, a neutral stable carbon atom with a mass of 11 has:
6 protons
6 neutrons (for the most common isotope)
6 electrons
Explanation:
A neutral stable carbon atom is an atom that has no net electric charge and is not undergoing any chemical reactions. This type of atom is said to be "stable" because it has a balanced number of protons and electrons, which gives it a neutral electric charge.
The number of protons in an atom is known as its atomic number, which is unique to each element and determines the element's identity. The atomic number of carbon is 6, which means that every carbon atom has 6 protons in its nucleus.
The number of neutrons in an atom can vary, but the most common isotope of carbon has 6 neutrons. Atoms of the same element known as isotopes differ in the number of neutrons they contain in their nuclei. The number of neutrons in an atom affects its mass, but not its atomic number.
The quantity of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons. Electrons occupy the electron shells surrounding the nucleus, and the number of electrons determines the element's chemical properties and behavior. In a neutral carbon atom, there are 6 electrons to balance the 6 protons in the nucleus.
In conclusion, a neutral stable carbon atom with a mass of 11 has 6 protons, 6 neutrons (for the most common isotope), and 6 electrons. This gives the atom a neutral electric charge and is representative of the atomic structure of the element carbon.
how to find number of protons
The number of protons is equal to atomic number; the number of neutrons = mass number – the atomic number.
Protons are the kind of subatomic particles that, together with neutrons, are prominently found in the nucleus of an atom.
An element's atomic number may be thought of as the number of a chemical element in the periodic system, where the elements are grouped in ascending order of the number of protons in the nucleus.
The difference between the atomic number and the mass number of the atom may be used to compute the number of neutrons.
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Consider the directing effects of the substiuents on salicylamide and predict the possible structures of hte iodination products. Whichdo you think will be the major products?
The amide is the meta directing group. The possible structures of the iodination products are 2-hydroxy-5-iodobenzamide and 2-hydroxy-3-iodobenzamide The major product is 2-hydroxy-5-iodobenzamide.
The hydroxyl group is present on the ring is an activating ring which directs the electrophile to ortho position and the para position. The amide group is the electron withdrawing group which will shows the meta directing effect.
The iodination of the salicylamide generates the two products according to the directing effects that are the 2-hydroxy-5-iodobenzamide and the 2-hydroxy-3-iodobenzamide. From the two products , the 2-hydroxy-5-iodobenzamide is the major product. The reason is because of the steric hindrance.
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A patient's urine sample has a density of 1. 02 g/ml. If 1250 ml of urine was excreted by the patient in one day, what mass of urine was eliminated?.
If 1250 ml of urine was excreted by the patient in one day, then the mass of urine was eliminated is equal to 1275 grams.
Mass per unit of volume is referred to as density. Although the letter D can also be used, the ρ sign most frequently used for density is.
To calculate the substance mass , we use the equation:-
[tex]Density= \frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
we are given:-
density of patients urine (d)= 1.02g/ml.
mass of liquid (m)= ?
volume of the patients urine (v)= 1250ml.
Put the given values in the equation to get the answer:-
[tex]\frac{m}{1250}=1.02[/tex]
⇒ [tex]m= 1.02l*1250= 1275g.[/tex]
Hence, 1275 grams of urine was eliminated.
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Sediments can be used to study the Earth's past climates.
False
True
Answer:True
Sediments are layers and inside of each layer of rock, you can find past animals and plants that lived that wil allow you to know more about the life on Earth centuries before humans began to study it. So B. True is our correct answer.
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Select all the attractive forces associated with solid NaCl salt. Ion-dipole H-bonding London Disperson Dipole-dipole lonic bonding
The attractive forces associated with the solid NaCl salt is the Dipole-dipole force and the ionic bonding.
The NaCl is the sodium chloride , the NaCl is formed by the ionic bond and called as the ionic compound. The ionic bond is the attractive force that is formed in between the positively charged atom and the negatively charge atom. The ionic bond is formed between the atom by the complete transfer of the electrons.
The NaCl compound is the polar in nature because of the difference in the electronegativity between the sodium and the chlorine atoms, create a permanent dipole. Therefore, the dipole dipole interaction is present in the sodium chloride.
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A System Containing 1 Atm Of An Ideal Gas Is Doubled In Temperature And Halved In Volume. What Is The New Pressure?
a. 2 Atm b.1 Atm c.0.5 Atm d.4 Atm
The new pressure of the gas after doubling the temperature and halving the volume is 4 atm. The correct answer is (d).
The ideal gas law is expressed as:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is its volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
If we double the temperature and halve the volume of the gas while keeping the number of moles constant, then the new pressure can be calculated as follows:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Since the initial pressure (P1) is 1 atm, and the final volume (V2) is half the initial volume, the initial volume (V1) is 2 times V2, and the initial temperature (T1) is half of the final temperature (2T1 = T2), we can substitute these values into the equation above and solve for the final pressure (P2):
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
1 atm x (2V2) / (T1/2) = P2 x V2 / T1
2 atm / (T1/2) = P2 / T1
P2 = 4 atm
Therefore, the new pressure of the gas after doubling the temperature and halving the volume is 4 atm. The correct answer is (d).
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What is the atomic mass of NH3?
Azane (NH3) atomic mass of NH3 is 17.03 atomic mass units.
NH3 is the chemical formula for ammonia, which consists of one nitrogen atom (N) and three hydrogen atoms (H). To calculate the atomic mass of NH3, we can add up the atomic masses of each of its constituent atoms.
The atomic mass of nitrogen (N) is approximately 14.01 atomic mass units (amu), and the atomic mass of hydrogen (H) is approximately 1.008 amu. the atomic mass of one molecule of NH3 is:
= (1 x 14.01 amu) + (3 x 1.008 amu)
= 17.03 amu
So, the atomic mass of NH3 is approximately 17.03 atomic mass units.
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what is the relationship between temperature and molecular motion
Temperature and molecular motion is a)directly proportional to each other. On increasing temperature,molecular motion also increases. So, correct option is a.
Molecular motion is characterized as the development of constituent particles or particles in a specific heading. The Molecular motion are impacted by intensity and temperature. This is on the grounds that temperature is the estimation of the typical dynamic energy of the atoms and addresses the movement of particles.
Essentially, heat moves energy among constituent particles that increment the motor energy of atoms. The numerical connection between active energy and temperature can be displayed underneath;
E = kT
where, E=Energy, k=boltzmann steady, T=temperature
The various kinds of molecular motion are
Translational movement: In such sort of movement, particles can move starting with one spot then onto the next in the equivalent or different bearing yet consistently stays on a similar hub.
Rotational movement: In this sort of movement, the particle can turn in and around the pivot.
Vibrational movement: In this kind of movement, particles can vibrate at their mean position. These movements are extremely normal in strong state.
Electronic movement: In this kind of movement, electrons can move from one spot to another and orbital to orbital. Electronic movements cause an adjustment of the shade of substances.
Hence,correct option is a.
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(Complete question) is:
what is the relationship between temperature and molecular motion?
a)directly proportional to each other
b)inversely proportional to each other
c)both directly and indirectly to each other
d)exponential proportional to each other
What is the formula of 2 methyl 1 butene?
The molecular formula for 2-methyl 1-butene is C₅H₁₀.
Generally, the molecular formula is defined as an expression which defines the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound. Molecular formula often shows the actual number of each atom present in a molecule. Let's see an example, the molecular formula of propane is C₄H₁₀. In this molecular formula, basically there are 4 carbon atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms in the given compound.
2-Methyl-1-butene is an organic compound that is used as a solvent in organic synthesis. 2-Methyl-1-butene is basically used in the preparation of pinacolone, flavor enhancer, spice, crop protectants and tertiary amyl phenol.
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write the following molar ratio for H2 to NH3
Can you guys help me with this science question
Answer:
its the third one
What process is the source of the CO2 that root hairs release into the soil?
A. O2 is a by-product of respiration.
B. He is a by-product of respiration.
C. Li is a by-product of respiration.
D. Be is a by-product of respiration.
The process where the source of the CO₂ in which the root hairs release into the soil, is O₂ is a by-product of respiration. The correct answer is A.
During respiration, plants and other organisms break down sugar molecules and use the energy generated to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a metabolic by-product. This CO₂ is then released into the soil by the root hairs.
Respiration is a complex process that occurs in the cells of all living organisms. During respiration, cells break down glucose molecules and convert the chemical energy stored in the molecules into energy that can be used to power the organism’s metabolic processes. This energy is released in the form of ATP molecules, which are used to fuel cellular activities.
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Multiple Select Question
Select all that apply
Select all the statements that correctly describe organometallic reagents.
A. Organometallic reagents are good nucleophiles and strong bases.
B. Organometallic reagents are ionic since they contain a bond between a metal and a nonmetal.
C. Organometallic reagents are a source of electrophilic carbon.
D. These reagents contain a polar carbon-metal bond.
Good nucleophiles and powerful bases are organometallic reagents. Since they contain a link between a metal and a nonmetal, organometallic reagents are ionic.
What is meant by organometallic reagents?Chemicals with carbon-metal linkages are called organometallic reagents. Only compounds where M = Li or Mg will be taken into consideration for the sake of the discussion that follows. A substance is referred to be an organolithium reagent when M=Li. Grignard reagents are what you get when M = Mg.
An organic molecule's carbon atom is bonded to at least one metallic element through an organometallic complex, which is a type of chemical compound. In some industrial chemical reactions, organometallic compounds made of metalloid elements including silicon, tin, and boron are employed.
Traditional definitions of organometallic compounds include those with bonds between one or more metal atoms and one or more carbon atoms of an organyl group. By prefixing the metal with "organo-," organometallic compounds are categorised (e.g., organopalladium compounds).
Therefore, the correct answer is option
A. Organometallic reagents are good nucleophiles and strong bases.
B. Organometallic reagents are ionic since they contain a bond between a metal and a nonmetal.
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JUST 43 PLEASE
Consider a solution contains both c5h5n and c5h5nhno3. Calculate the ratio [c5h5n]/[c5h5nhno3+] if the solution has the following pH values
The ratio for [C[tex]_5[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]N]/[C[tex]_5[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]NH⁺] if the solution has the following pH values 4.50 is 6.30.
What is buffer?A buffer is indeed a solution that resists pH fluctuations and contains either a weak acid as well as its salt or perhaps a weak base as well as its salt. To put it another way, a buffer is indeed an aqueous solution that includes a weak base as well as its conjugate acid, or a weak acid as well as its conjugate base.
A buffer may also be referred to as a buffer solution, hydrogen ion buffer, and pH buffer.
pOH =PKb+log[salt]/[base]
pOH =14-pH= 14-4.50=9.5
pKb= -logKb
=-log(1.7×10⁻⁷)
=8.7
9.5 =8.7+log[salt]/[base]
9.5 -8.7=log[salt]/[base]
0.8=log[salt]/[base]
[salt]/[base] =10^0.8=6.30
[C[tex]_5[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]N]/[C[tex]_5[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]NH⁺]=6.30
Therefore, 6.30 is the value for [C[tex]_5[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]N]/[C[tex]_5[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]NH⁺].
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Slip is an acid-resistant resin used to make aquatints. true or false
Slip is an acid-resistant resin used to make aquatints is a false statement.
Slip is an acid-resistant resin used to make aquatints. Tempera, gouache, and watercolor are all water-based paint media. Because oil paints dry quickly, it is difficult for artists to make changes to their paintings.
The process of making aquatints involves, fine particles of acid-resistant material, such as powdered resin, are attached to a printing plate by heating. The plate is then immersed in an acid bath, just like etching. The acid eats into the metal around the particles to produce a granular pattern of tiny indented rings.
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How nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides
The [tex]$$C_6[/tex] carboxylate group is the nucleophile that reacts with alginate the fastest.
What is nucleophilic substitution reaction of halides?When an electron-rich nucleophile contacts a positively charged electrophile to replace a leaving group, the reaction is classified as a nucleophilic substitution process.
Substitution and/or elimination are the two main sorts of reactions that alkyl halides can go through. Because of the new bond that develops between the electrophilic alkyl halide and the nucleophile, which replaces the halogen at the alpha-carbon, the substitution reaction is known as a Nucleophilic Substitution reaction.
When an electron-rich nucleophile interacts with or assaults an electron-poor electrophile, a group or atom known as the leaving group is displaced, resulting in a nucleophilic substitution process. Two reactions can be used to define haloalkane nucleophilic substitution.
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What is the meaning of theoretical yield?
Generally, Theoretical yield is defined as the amount of product predicted by stoichiometry.
Generally the quantity of a product obtained from a reaction is always expressed in terms of the yield of the reaction. Basically the amount of product predicted by stoichiometry is known as the theoretical yield, whereas the amount obtained actually is called the actual yield.
Theoretical yield is defined as the amount of product resulting from a perfect (theoretical) chemical reaction, and thus not the same as the amount we'll actually get from a reaction in the chemistry lab. Theoretical yield is basically expressed in terms of grams or moles.
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An unknown compound with a molar mass of 60. 05 g/mol consists of 40. 0% c, 6. 71% h, and 53. 29% o by mass. Find the molecular formula for the compound.
With a molar mass of 60.05 g/mol and a mass composition of 40. 0% c, 6. 71% h, and 53. 29% o, the compound has the molecular formula C3H6O2.
The percentage of each element's composition must first be converted into moles before the molecular formula can be determined. Divide the molar mass by the molecular mass to get the total number of moles in the compound. The compound's molecular mass is determined by combining the atomic masses of each element.
By dividing the moles of each element by the total moles in the compound, the relative numbers of each element can be determined after the moles of each element have been determined. After that, the compound's molecular formula is determined by multiplying the relative number of each element by the smallest integer that will produce whole numbers.
The molecular formula for this substance is C3H6O2 because the smallest integer for C, H, and O is 3, while the smallest integer for O is 2.
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How do you know if protic and aprotic solvents are polar?
Protic and aprotic solvents are polar due to the presence of hydrogen bonding and presence of polar bond that is carbonyl group, C = O, respectively.
A solvent is a substance that forms a solution by dissolving a solute in it. Two main categories of solvents are : polar and nonpolar. A polar aprotic solvent is a type of solvent that leave an acidic proton. Such solvents lack Hydrogen ion in form of hydroxyl and amine groups. . They are polar because of presence of polar bonds like carbonyl group, C=O. Examples of polar aprotic solvents are chloroform, acetone, etc. On the other hand, the polar protic solvents do not serve as proton donors in hydrogen bonding, although they can be proton acceptors. Polar protic solvents have highly polar nature due to hydrogen bonding in form of OH or NH group. Examples are of polar protic solvents like Water, ethanol, methanol, ammonia, acetic acid, etc.
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1.80 g of an oxide contained 1.40 g of the metal, and 4.50 g of another sample of the oxide contained 3.50 g of the metal. Show that these figures agree with the law of constant composition.
1.80 g of an oxide contained 1.40 g of the metal, and 4.50 g of another sample of the oxide contained 3.50 g of the metal. The Percentage of oxygen is the same in both the above cases. So the law of constant composition is illustrated.
What is the law of constant composition ?The law of definite proportions, also known as Proust's law or the rule of constant composition, states that a chemical compound's components are always contained in a fixed ratio regardless of the source or method of formation (by mass).
Given :
First sample
Oxide = 1.80 g
Oxide contained = 1.40 g
Oxide present = 1.80 - 1.40 = 0.4
Percentage of oxygen in oxide = (0.4)(100%) / 1.80 = 22.22%
Second sample
Oxide = 4.50 g
Oxide contained = 3.50 g
Oxide present = 4.50 - 3.50 = 1
Percentage of oxygen in oxide = (1)(100%) / 4.50 = 22.22%
Thus, the Percentage of oxygen is the same in both the above cases. So the law of constant composition is illustrated.
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Does brass have a high density?
Answer: density of brass is 8.4 to 8.73 g/cm3 (0.303 to 0.315 lb/cu in).
what is the mole ratio between ammonia and nitrogen in the above reaction?
The chemical equation of the production of ammonia is shown in figure 1 and it shows that the mole ratio for ammonia and nitrogen gas is 2:1.
What is mole ratio?
A mole ratio in chemistry is the ratio of the mole quantities of any two chemicals that are involved in a chemical reaction. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction, which displays the proportional numbers of molecules or moles of each reactant and result, is where it is generated. Stoichiometry, or the computation of the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical process, makes use of mole ratios. They can be used to forecast how much of a product will be formed from a given amount of reactant or to figure out how much of one material is required to react completely with a given amount of another substance.To know more about mole ratio, click the link given below:
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