Answer:
Human Immunodeficiency viruses
HIV Overview
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
There is currently no effective cure. Once people get HIV, they have it for life.
But with proper medical care, HIV can be controlled. People with HIV who get effective HIV treatment can live long, healthy lives and protect their partners.
History of HIV
HIV infection in humans came from a type of chimpanzee in Central Africa.
The chimpanzee version of the virus (called simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV) was probably passed to humans when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came in contact with their infected blood.
Studies show that HIV may have jumped from chimpanzees to humans as far back as the late 1800s.
Over decades, HIV slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world. We know that the virus has existed in the United States since at least the mid to late 1970s.
To learn more about the history of HIV in the United States and CDC’s response to the epidemic, see CDC’s HIV and AIDS Timeline.
How do I know if I have HIV?
The only way to know for sure whether you have HIV is to get tested. Knowing your HIV status helps you make healthy decisions to prevent getting or transmitting HIV.
Are there symptoms?
Graphic listing symptoms of HIV: Fever,HIV Symptoms and Testing, Chills, Rash, Night sweats, Muscle aches, Sore throat, Fatigue, Swollen lymph nodes, and Mouth ulcers.
Some people have flu-like symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks after infection (called acute HIV infection). These symptoms may last for a few days or several weeks. Possible symptoms include
Fever,
Chills,
Rash,
Night sweats,
Muscle aches,
Sore throat,
Fatigue,
Swollen lymph nodes, and
Mouth ulcers.
But some people may not feel sick during acute HIV infection. These symptoms don’t mean you have HIV. Other illnesses can cause these same symptoms.
See a health care provider if you have these symptoms and think you may have been exposed to HIV. Getting tested for HIV is the only way to know for sure.
What are the stages of HIV?
When people with HIV don’t get treatment, they typically progress through three stages. But HIV medicine can slow or prevent progression of the disease. With the advancements in treatment, progression to Stage 3 is less common today than in the early days of HIV.
Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection
Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection
People have a large amount of HIV in their blood. They are very contagious.
Some people have flu-like symptoms. This is the body’s natural response to infection.
But some people may not feel sick right away or at all.
If you have flu-like symptoms and think you may have been exposed to HIV, seek medical care and ask for a test to diagnose acute infection.
Only antigen/antibody tests or nucleic acid tests (NATs) can diagnose acute infection.
Stage 2: Chronic HIV Infection
Stage 2: Chronic HIV Infection
This stage is also called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical latency.
HIV is still active but reproduces at very low levels.
People may not have any symptoms or get sick during this phase.
Without taking HIV medicine, this period may last a decade or longer, but some may progress faster.
People can transmit HIV in this phase.
At the end of this phase, the amount of HIV in the blood (called viral load) goes up and the CD4 cell count goes down. The person may have symptoms as the virus levels increase in the body, and the person moves into Stage 3.
People who take HIV medicine as prescribed may never move into Stage 3.
Stage 3: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Stage 3: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
People with AIDS have such badly damaged immune systems that they get an increasing number of severe illnesses, called opportunistic infections.
People receive an AIDS diagnosis when their CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells/mm, or if they develop certain opportunistic infections.
People with AIDS can have a high viral load and be very infectious.
Without treatment, people with AIDS typically survive about three years.
Taigas, tundras, and tropical rainforests share what common abiotic component A:nutrient-poor soil B: freezing temperatures C:a lot of sunlight D:little precipitation
Taigas, tundras, and tropical rainforests have a lot of sunlight
TundraIt has low temperatures throughout the year. Winter is quite severe and summer is cold.
TaigaAlso called coniferous forest due to the predominance of pine and spruce.
Tropical forestThe vegetation is dense and forms strata, depending on the canopy cover of the trees, which gives rise to different microclimates. The vegetation also has epiphytes, lianas and lichens.
With this information, we can conclude that the tundra, taiga and tropical forest have in common the good disposition of sunlight. Correct answer C:a lot of sunlight.
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In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be which of the following?
a. hydrophilic
b. hydrophobic
c. amphipathic
d. completely covered with phospholipids
e. exposed on only one surface of the membrane
Answer:
amphipathic, with at lest one hydrophobic region
Explanation:
For a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have (C) : amphipathic
Amphipathic is a chemical property of a protein molecule whereby it has both hydrophilic and hydrophobics portions in the its molecule. ( i.e. It contains water soluble and non-water soluble portions ) and for a protein to be an integral membrane it has to posses both water soluble and non-water soluble portions in its molecule.
Hence we can conclude that for a protein to be considered an integral membrane protein it will posses an Amphipathic property.
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Why is carbon a very important element? A Carbon is the central element to all living organisms B. Carbon is key to producing electricity C. The Sun needs carbon to produce energe D. A all of the above
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Carbon is important in biology because without it, life itself would not exist. Carbon is important in everyday life for all living beings in order for them to live, grow, and reproduce. Carbon compounds are also very versatile and they are in many objects we use every day.
Carbon is the central element to all living organisms. It is the basis to all life on earth. By studying carbon and organic compounds, scientists can learn more about life, the human body, and how it works. Organic Molecules Most organic molecules are made up of long rings or chains of carbon atoms with atoms of other elements attached.
The sun takes an integral role in the photosynthesis stage of the Carbon Cycle. Photosynthesis refers to the process by which plants take in carbon dioxide and water (the products of respiration), and convert it to oxygen, powered by the energy of the sun. Photosynthesis occurs in both land plants and ocean dwelling organisms like algae.
Carbon is the central element to all living organisms, it is key to producing electricity, and the sun needs carbon to produce energy. Therefore, option D is correct.
What is the importance of carbon?Because it is present in every biomolecule, carbon is regarded as the element of life. Carbon is a component of all vital biomolecules, including lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The presence of four valence electrons in carbon makes it so distinctive.
The majority of the world's electricity comes from fossil fuels, which also make up the vast majority of the world's transportation fuels like gasoline and diesel. Energy is extracted from fossil fuels through the combustion of hydrocarbons.
Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen processes convert hydrogen into helium but do not exhaust themselves, providing around 1% of the sun's energy. Hence, option D is correct.
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You are a scientist working on characterizing marine microbes that have a major role in the global nitrogen cycle. You finally culture the bacteria you are interested in and find it can grow at twice the rate that you expected, and you suspect it can make proteins more quickly than other bacteria. You want to better characterize genes involved in translation, particularly the enzymatic component of the ribosome. To do that, you must sequence which gene(s) involved in translation
Answer:
The correct answer would be - the 16S rRNA gene.
Explanation:
16S ribosomal RNA is a small subunit of ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells such as microbes. It is coded by the 16S rRNA gene that is used in constructing phylogenies again due to the slow rate of evolution.
This gene is suggested to be used as a molecular clock that is more reliable as it has sequences that show similar functionalities in distantly related bacterial lineages. It is the gene that produces protein more quickly than other bacteria.
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the chromosomes in the nucleusof a cell?
A. To store the genetic instructions needed to specify traits
B. To release energy by breaking down food molecules
C. To transport nutrients into and out of the cell
D. To protect the cell from microorganisms
Answer:
A. To store the genetic instructions needed to specify traits.
A chromosome is made of a strand of DNA that's encoded with genes.
Why where the Galapagos Turtles different from the mainland turtles if they shared a common ancestor?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum Group of answer choices converts sunlight into chemical energy. stores water, nutrients, and enzymes. is the site where lipids destined for other cellular compartments are manufactured. produces the energy needed to run chemical reactions in the cell.
Answer:
is the site where lipids destined for other cellular compartments are manufactured.
Explanation:
This is because smooth endoplasmic recticulum is an organelles found in eukaryotic organisms that lack membrane bound ribosomes and are found in cells that has much lipids like ovaries, testes, oil glands in the skin e.t.c. They are important in the synthesis of lipids is the site where lipids , Phospholipids, steroid hormones.
They also play a major role in detoxification of harmful metabolic by products and metabolic processes of calcium ions within the cell
Why is the regulation of a cell important?
Explanation:
The cell cycle is the most important process in the growth of an organism.
Explanation:
Cell cycle is the fundamental process by which a cell matures, synthesises DNA and divides to form daughter cells. Somatic cells divide regularly.
All multicellular organisms use cell division for growth, maintenance and repair of cells and tissues. Unicellular organisms use this process to reproduce.
Cell cycle affects our daily lives. Most cancers are a result of inappropriate cell division arising due to aberrations in normal cell cycle regulation. Stem cell biology and regulation in growth of organs also involves extensive study of cell cycle.
I hope this can help u !!
Carry on learning
Evaluate the examples and select those that do not show artificial selection.
A. White rabbits have a low survival rate in nature, because it is easy for predators to spot them.
B. Penguins with higher body fat tend to survive nesting in the Antarctic winter, while leaner penguins often die.
C. A gene for disease resistance in fir trees is transferred to pine trees using modern DNA technology, allowing farmers to maximize pine tree growth.
D. Because big game hunters sought elephants for ivory, often poaching those with the biggest tusks, more African elephants today naturally lack tusks compared to the elephant populations 100 years ago.
E. In subsaharan Africa, genetically modified grass varieties that carry genes for disease and drought resistance are now available to farmers, providing more sustainable food sources for their livestock.
change to indirect speech
1, he said,"what a wonderful event it is!"
Answer:
he said that the event was wonderful
1. Given the following DNA sequence, determine the correct order of amino acids.
GGCATGAGGTAA
2. For this mutated sequence:
• Determine the correct order of amino acids,
• How the two strings of amino acids will differ.
• also circle the mutation
GGAATGAGGTAA
Which of these is the change.
No Change-
1 Amino acid changed-
Premature stop signal -
No stop signal-
1 amino acid added/deleted -
All the amino acids changed after the point of mutation-
Answer: 1- CCGT ACT CCATT
2- CCTTACTCCATT
Explanation:
A-----T
C-----G
G-----C
T-----A
1. At which type of boundary does new oceanic crust form?
2. Why is this type of boundary also known as a constructive boundary?
Answer:
1. the boundary that the ocean crust forms is the Divergent Boundary.
2. both these plates move apart and cause earthquakes.
Explanation:
1. these boundaries are known to crash against each other causing earthquakes, but these boundaries are also form the oceanic crust.
2. when they move apart they cause earthquakes and volcano's. an example of this is the Mid- Atlantic ridge.
A molecule of DNA was analyzed and found to contain 18% guanine. What is the amount of: (Cytosine: Adenine:
Your answer
Answer:
Cytosine: 32%
Adenine: 32%
Thymine: 18%
Explanation:
% purines= % pyrimidines
Therefore, the percent of guanine and adenine should add up to 50%, where the percent of cytosine and thymine should also add up to 50%
when was Nigeria amalgamated?
Answer:
January 1, 1914,
Explanation:
The typical human adult uses about 160 g of glucose per day, 120 g of which is used by the brain. The available reserve of glucose (~20 g of circulating glucose and ~190 g of glycogen) is adequate for about one day. After the reserve has been depleted during starvation, what other sources can be used to produce glucose
Answer:
Fats and proteins that are present in liver, kidneys, and muscles.
Explanation:
When the reserve of glucose is used by the body during starvation, our body uses fats and proteins that are present in liver, kidneys, muscles etc and convert these fats and proteins into glucose. There is high amount of fats and proteins present in our body which can be used when the glucose reserves depleted from the body during starvation so we can conclude that the fats and proteins are the sources that can be used to produce glucose for the body.
answer this question.......asap
The relative locations of each known gene can be shown on a ____________________ map.
Answer:
genetic
Explanation:
Which of the following is true regarding cell type and cytoplasm?
A.
Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm and eukaryotic cells do not.
B.
Eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm and prokaryotic cells do not.
C.
Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm.
D.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm.
Answer:
Eukaryotic Cells have cytoplasm , prokaryotic cells do not.
Explanation:
is the vascular system in plants an actual organ system?
Answer:
Explanation:
Answer:
NO!
Explanation:
"A plant has two organ systems: 1) the shoot system, and 2) the root system."
Which of the following is true about the color of a substance?
1. it is the only information needed to identify a substance
2. it helps to identify a substance but by itself is not a significant indicator of what the substance is
3.it is a chemical property of a substance
4.it never changes
Answer:
1
Explanation:
It identifies the substance.eg a milk is a creamy liquid substance so the creamy color make us identify the milk
Help melee please...
Answer:
25%
Explanation:
The image is the punnet square. :)
2
Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?
A) Oak tree
Mushroom
C) Dead, broken branch
D Sand particle
11. The following graph shows the results of an experiment done by four different
groups. Each group took a rubber band and recorded how far it stretched as
they added weights to it. What is the independent (test) variable in this
experiment?
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3 Group 4
stretch
weight
I
A) The distance the rubber band stretched
B) The number of weights added to the rubber band
C) The different types of rubber bands
D) The same type of rubber bands
Which circulation ensures proper levels of nutrients in the blood for newborns through adults?
а a
cardiac circulation
b
fetal circulation
С
hepatic portal circulation
d
pulmonic circulation
Consider the following story:
“During the summers when Xavier was a young boy (around 8 years old), his grandfather would take him to northern Ontario to go fishing on weekends. Shortly after his grandfather died his family left Ontario. He was never able to clearly remember the fishing trips. When he was 30 years old he moved back to Ontario with his wife. One weekend they decided to take a trip to northern Ontario to spend the weekend at a resort on one of Ontario’s many lakes. When they got out of the car, they were overwhelmed by the aromatic smell of the trees in the heavily wooded area by the lake. Suddenly, memories of the wonderful weekend fishing trips with his grandfather came flooding back to the him.”
Discuss the following questions:
Is this an example of a repressed memory? If not, why not?
If it’s not a repressed memory, then what is it? What accounts for the sudden re-emergence of this buried memory?
Could this account for other, more traumatic, kinds of “repression” as well?
Answer:
No.
Explanation:
This is not an example of a repressed memory because these are the good memories whereas the repressed memory are bad memories of childhood. It may be infantile amnesia due to the inability of adults to bring episodic memories memories of situations or events that occurs in their childhood. The sudden re-emergence of this buried memory is the experience of the same situation or place or event that occurs in the childhood. If a person visit to a same place which he gone in their childhood so the person remember the buried memory.
* Apply Concepts A particular plants diploid number of chromosomes is 50. Describe the number of chromosomes in one of the plant's cells during its sporophyte phase and during its gametophyte phase,
Chromosomes have hereditary function that are capable of self-duplication and they have thread-like structures seen inside the nucleus of plant and animal. In plants, they go through a cycle called alteration of generation that has multicellular stages. One is sporophyte that is a diploid, and the other is gametophyte with a haploid.
Moreover, spores are produce through meiosis so it go through a process of chromosome reduction in order to create a haploid spores. While, gametes undergo mitosis and the structure is already a haploid, which means that the number of chromosomes will not change in order to produce haploid. In this case, the plant have both spores and gametes and the similarities is that, they are both singles celled and a haploid. Therefore, the number of the chromosome in the gametophyte generation is also 32.
the correct sequence of events in meiosis
What are the bonds of dna
Answer:
The bonds are covalent and hydrogen.
~Hoped this helped~
Which of the following does NOT affects the type of severe weather a location gets? *
latitude
normal weather patterns
high pressure
geography
Answer:
high pressure
I think it is option C
hope it helps
Which statement best describes the relationship between an allele and a gene?
A.) An allele is a version of a gene that can be expressed as a phenotype.
B.) An allele is the primary protein made by a gene found in a developing embryo.
C.) An allele is the part of a gene that attaches to messenger RNA molecules.
D.) An allele is a segment of a DNA molecule that controls replication of a gene.