what is antibody affinity maturation?

Answers

Answer 1

affinity maturation-

because antibodies can potentially be generated against millions of unique epitopes, the size of an organisim's genome would need to increase exponentially in order to every possible antigen- binding side.

Answer 2

Description
In immunology, affinity maturation is the process by which TFH cell-activated B cells produce antibodies with increased affinity for antigen during the course of an immune response. With repeated exposures to the same antigen, a host will produce antibodies of successively greater affinities.

Related Questions

You are trying to decide what you should do about a problem. You are
thoughtful in trying to come up with a solution. What part of your brain are
you using?
A. Sensory cortex
B. Prefrontal cortex
C. Interneural cortex
D. Motor cortex
SUBMIT

Answers

B. Prefrontal Cortex
B. The Prefrontal cortex is for decision making, and moderating social behavior.

The end of the sun's life will include which event?
A.
a white dwarf cooling into a black dwarf
B.
the core collapsing after a supernova to form a neutron star
C.
a nebula aggregating together to form a protostar
D. a planetary nebula expanding into a red giant

Answers

Answer:A

Explanation: Once all the helium disappears , the forces of gravity will take over , and the sun will shrink into a white dwarf .

What are some advantages and disadvantages of using wind energy to
create electricity?

Answers

Answer:

Advantages: Wind turbines do not actively create green house gases, wind is an indirect solar energy (which means it never runs out), and it has a fairly high net energy

Disadvantages: NIMBY effect (not in my backyard, it means people support it, but they don't want to be near it), transportation and construction of materials cause greenhouse gases, and wind turbines can kill/harm birds and bats

Explanation:

Gathering, constructing and transporting materials to build wind turbines releases green house gases, because of vehicle's combustion and factory emissions. However, wind turbines rely on a renewable resource that a) never runs out, and b) is a clean source of energy. Compared to nonrenewable energy sources, wind is a good energy source.

If you had a genotype of 'tt', what would your phenotype be?


Short


Tall

Answers

Answer: short

Explanation:

tt is recessive. Short is a recessive trait.

Which nutrients play an important part in chemical reactions within cells? carbohydrates proteins fats minerals

Answers

Answer:

proteins

Explanation:

- proteins help the cells grow

-proteins are also considered to serve as a source of energy

HOPE IT HELPS :)

PLEASE MARK IT THE BRAINLIEST!

Answer:

Carbon

Explanation:

What is the best description of chromosomes by the end of anaphase II of meiosis?
O The chromosomes coil and become more compact.
O The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
The chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell, incorporating into two haploid
nuclei.
The chromosomes split apart at the centromere.
Finish

Answers

Answer:

The chromosomes split apart at the centromere.

The chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell, incorporating into two haploid  nuclei.

Explanation:

during anaphase ii the sister chromatids of every chromosome separate and begin to move towards the opposite ends of the cell.

Answer:

The chromosomes split apart at the centromere.

Explanation:

As a group, animals use both sexual and asexual reproduction. Which of the following can reproduce asexually? Amphibians echinoderms mammals cnidarians

Answers

Answer:

cnidarians most commonly reproduce asexually

7. Explore and discuss homeostasis imbalances (issues that cause problems) including gallstones, heartburn, ulcers , dehydration, diarrhea, cirrchosis and cancers of the digestive system. **look up these conditions​

Answers

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) ...

Gallstones. ...

Celiac Disease. ...

Crohn's Disease. ...

Ulcerative Colitis. ...

Irritable Bowel Syndrome. ...

In the late 1800 this thoery lead to a simple practice that saved thousand of lives in hospital

Answers

The answer is the Germ Theory

What is the process of water moving down through the cell call

Answers

Answer:

Osmosis

Explanation:

Water moves across cell membranes by diffusion, in a process known as osmosis.

how could an error during transcrition affect the protein that is produced

Answers

Answer:

The Protein would be made of the wrong amino acids

Explanation:

+ please answer!! , ty (: +

How has polygon A been transformed to polygon B?

Answers

The answer is: translate 5 units right and 4 units down

Hope that helped! :)

Answer: translate 5 units right and 4 units down

Explanation: Just took the quiz

- Select all that apply.
Plant cells differ from animal cells in which ways?
Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.
Plant cells have cell walls, but animal cells do not.
Plant cells have cell membranes, but animal cells do not.
Plant cells have mitochondria, but animal cells do not.
VOUCTION
ASK FOR HELP

Answers

Answer:

I think a,b, and c not positive

Answer:

A and B

Explanation:

Which of the following sequence is correctly describes the path of sperm to formation to ejactulation?

Answers

Answer:

the answer is testes, vas deferens, prostate, urethra

23 POINTSSSS! PLZ HELP MEEEE GUYSS! ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO THE PROPER ANSWER PLS!
What are 5 ways carbon dioxide is released into the environment?
What is the role of decomposers in the carbon/oxygen cycle?
How do humans impact the carbon/oxygen cycle

Answers

1) By human exhaling, cow exhaling, burning fires, horse exhaling, and sheep exhaling.

2) Decomposers reintroduce carbon into the environment.

3) Humans add carbon dioxide into the environment by burning fossil fuels.

Soil is a complex mixture of minerals, water, air, organic matter, and countless organisms that are the decaying remains of once-living things.
Soil covers the ground and is an important ingredient for plant growth. However, soil must be formed. The picture shows the soil formation process.

Which statement best describes the process of soil formation?

A) Rain gets into cracks in rocks. When the rain freezes, ice forms. Rocks begin to erode and decay. These processes provide organic and mineral matter for soil.
B) Rain gets into cracks in rocks. When the rain freezes, it fills the cracks with ice. The water dissolves the minerals in the rock, releasing them into the soil.
C) Rain gets into cracks in rocks. When the rain freezes, the cracks expand. The ice preserves dead organic materials. These processes release minerals into the soil.
D) Rain gets into cracks in rocks. When the rain freezes, the cracks expand. The rock begins to break down by the process of weathering, releasing minerals into the soil. Small plants and microorganisms also loosen the rock and when decayed, provide organic material.

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

D, makes the most sense in this case.

The statement that best describes the process of soil formation is D. rain gets into cracks in rocks. When the rain freezes, the cracks expand. The rock begins to break down through the process of weathering, releasing minerals into the soil. Small plants and microorganisms also loosen the rock and, when decayed, provide organic material.

What is soil formation?

The process of the physical weathering responsible for the creation of the soils is dependent on the climate, organisms, terrain characteristics, parent rocks, and time.

To support life and cover the land, the soil is a combination of organic stuff, gases, minerals, inorganic salts, and liquids.

Weathering and erosion processes play a major role in the formation of soil. One of the elements that influence the formation of soil is the climate.

Therefore, the correct option is D) Rain gets into cracks in rocks. When the rain freezes, the cracks expand. The rock begins to break down by the process of weathering, releasing minerals into the soil. Small plants and microorganisms also loosen the rock and, when decayed, provide organic material.

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Who invented the cotton gin?

Answers

Answer:

Eli Whitney

Explanation:

Answer: Eli Whitney

Explanation:..........

As Darwin was developing his ideas about evolution, hr applied ideas from many fields, including geology, economics, and biology. Why was this approach important?

Answers

Answer and explanation:

Darwin's theory of natural selection is important because it enables us to understand the forces driving evolution in living organisms. This evolutionary mechanism may also be used in different research fields ranging from molecular biology to economy.

The evolution theory states that the organisms that are better adapted to the environment have more chances to survive and to reproduce, thereby perpetuating their own genes in future generations. This idea of selection can also be applied to other disciplines. For example, in the economics field, it has been proposed that Darwin's theory may explain why those traits related to morality (such as fairness, honesty and integrity) which are beneficial for one particular group but not for the individual are not selected in real life.

The information regarding the importance of an approach is explained below:

The following information should be considered:

Darwin's theory of natural selection is siginificant since it enables us to understand the forces driving evolution in living organisms. This evolutionary mechanism might also be applied in different kinds of research fields that ranged from molecular biology to economy. The evolution theory represents that the organisms that are better adapted to the environment contains more chances to survive and to reproduce, thereby perpetuating their own genes in future generations.

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how are carnivores and omnivores alike?

Answers

Answer:
They are alike because they both eat meat.
Carnivores only eat meat and omnivores eat both meat and plants.

BRAINLIEST!!!! What are the types and morphs of boa constrictors?

Answers

I know that there’s 40 different species of boa constrictor
Some of the morphs include albino boa, anery boa, Aztec boa, blood boa, boawoman caramel boa, eclipse boa, ghost boa, hypo boa, jungle boa, leopard boa, motley boa, paradigm boa, snow boa, snowglow boa, and sunglow boa.

Not sure if that’s the answer you’re looking for but I tried

What do many ecologists feel is necessary for an area to be classified as a forest?

a.) several species of trees

b.) enough trees to create a close canopy

c.) consistent warm weather

Answers

Answer:

B. Enough trees to create a close canopy.

Explanation:

Forests may have several tree species but one very important feature of forests is their close canopy of dense trees, often arranged in several strata (or layers).

The reason why in forests shorter trees do not survive as well as trees that reach the top of the canopy, would be light distribution and access to sunlight.

What is the use of sunlight?

Sunlight must be remembered that sunlight has the vital element for the plant survival without it the photosynthesis that cannot take place, or it will not be as the efficient as it would be if there was the full access to the sunlight. Sunlight activates the electrons on the chlorophyll and with that a plant has able to produce the ATP, which has the basic energy-producing unit in any living cell.

As such in the dense forests where we have tall and the shorter, trees, those that reach the highest point of the canopy have the access to most of the sunlight, while the shorter ones have to make do with whatever filters through the branches of the others.

Thus by not having as much access to sunlight, their photosynthetic processes are not as efficient. Those that adapt to lesser amounts of light, will survive, but the others would not.

Therefore, The reason why in forests shorter trees do not survive as well as trees that reach the top of the canopy, would be light distribution and access to sunlight.

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Nonnative species are not always a negative factor, they become invasive species __________.

a.
as soon as they are introduced in an ecosystem
b.
as soon as they leave their original ecosystem
c.
when they start consuming the food meant for the native species
d.
when their presence become economically or environmentally damaging
e.
when they control other species

Answers

Answer:

its d

Explanation:

The correct option is D.

What is a nonnative species and how does it disrupt an ecosystem?

Invasive species are capable of causing extinctions of native plants and animals, reducing biodiversity, competing with native organisms for limited resources, and altering habitats. This can result in huge economic impacts and fundamental disruptions of coastal and Great Lakes ecosystems.

What is an example of nonnative species?

The Gypsy Moth, Nutria, Zebra Mussel, Hydrilla, Sea Lamprey, and Kudzu are examples of non-natives that have caused massive economic and ecological losses in new locations because the natural controls of their native ecosystems were not there.

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Animal A and Animal B each have 95% of their DNAin common. Animal A and Animal C each have 50% of their DNA in common.

What does this suggest about the relationship of these animals?

A is probably much more closely related to B than to C.

C is probably much more closely related to B than to A.

B is probably much more closely related to C than to A.

A is probably much more closely related to C than to B.

Answers

i would say A is more closely related to B than to C.

if A and B share 95% of their DNA then thats more than 50%, which is what A and C share.

Help ASAP. Took a picture of the question and answer choices.​

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

D pretty much sums up most of the paragraph

Its your best option.

Answer:

D because it explains how desert plants keep and store the water

Explanation:

How are sponges and the coral in coral reefs similar?

Both are a source of chemicals that may be used to fight human diseases, such as cancer.
Both release large amounts of oxygen into ocean waters, and the oxygen is eventually used by humans to breathe.
Both are widely found in deep, cold oceans as well as in warm, shallow waters.
Both are small ecosystems that do not have a heavy impact on other organisms.

Answers

Answer:

c I think

Explanation:

coral and sponges can live in a variety of places

Answer:

Both are a source of chemicals that may be used to fight human diseases, such as cancer.  

Explanation:

Got it correct on Edg. 2021

Which of the following best describes what happens during a cross-over event?

Answers

Answer:

Chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments.

Explanation:

The crossover of chromosomes is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are present in the meiosis I, but not in meiosis the II. After pairing up of in the prophase I, homologous chromosomes are able to exchange some corresponding segments and a cross-over occurs. Thanks to the cross-over event, each chromosome will have a new combination of genes. Without this, parents will produce gametes with only two different gene combinations.

Answer:

Chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments.

Carrying capacity relates to a population of organisms in an ecosystem. What do you think the term carrying capacity
means? What factors could influence it?

Answers

Answer: The meaning is how many organisms an ecosystem can support at most during a given time. Factors would include population and resources

Explanation:

Zebra mussels can move from one lake to another by which method?

Answers

Answer:

Zebra mussels are spread from one body of water to another by natural flow, carried on the feathers or feet of birds, or by humans in bait buckets or on boats.

What term refers to the lifestyle of a woman who slows her career advancement by choosing a career path that allows a mother flexible or reduced work hours?

Answers

Answer:

Mommy Track

Explanation:

the "Mommy Track" is a common term for a career path for women that can allow for greater work-life balance, thanks to reduced hours or flexible schedule, but often at the cost of career advancement.

Mommy track refers to the lifestyle of a woman who slows her career advancement by choosing a career path that allows a mother flexible or reduced work hours.

What is Mommy track?

The mommy track is the way in which a woman's life prioritizes being a mother and can refer to work arrangements specifically for women in the workforce that facilitate motherhood, like flexible hours.

It also offers lesser opportunities for career advancement at the same time.

This is the general term for women who may allow for greater work-life balance thanks to shorter hours or flexible schedules but also at the cost of career advancement.

Thus, mommy track refers to the lifestyle of a woman who slows her career advancement by choosing a career path that allows a mother flexible or reduced work hours.

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I need help ASAP pls SOLVE THIS PLSS
I will give BRAINLIEST

Answers

Answer:

18ft

Explanation:

because there are 18 blocks total 9 blocks at the bottom 6 in the middle and 3 at the top.

Answer:

18 ft3

Explanation:

Please see more detailed explanation in the picture attached below.

Hope this answer can help you. Have a nice day!

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Not all of it fits but if someone could please help me with what they can I would really appreciate it!! Which conflicting motivates is Carmody most likely to be struggling with when he delivers speech 29 "Eat For 10 Hours. Fast For 14. This Daily Habit Prompts Weight Loss, Study Finds" This is the title of an NPR article about a 2019 study that recruited 19 overweight adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (elevated blood sugar, elevated cholesterol levels, high blood pressure). Participants were asked to restrict any eating to a period of just 10 hours each day. The study found a statistically significant reduction in body weight after 12 weeks of this eating pattern.1. To be able to conclude that a time-restricted eating pattern causes a weight loss in this population on average, we would need to ___________.O use a much larger sample than what this study used O collect weight-loss data on all adults, not just adults with metabolic syndrome O find a significant weight-loss difference for participants that would be randomly assigned to time-restricted eating or regular eating O collect weight-loss data on the entire population of adults with metabolic syndrome O make sure that the study found a very small P-value and check that the conditions for inference were all met Carlo buys $14.40 worth of grapefruit. Each grapefruit costs 0.80. (PLz help and yeett) with steps plz Read the following lines from the poem:Slipped by the terrace, made a sudden leapAnd seeing that it was a soft October nightCurled once about the house and fell asleepWhich is most clearly used in these lines?O A. Trochaic meterO B. Slant rhymeO C. End rhymeO D. Word repetition The first British colony in west Africa to gain independence was HELPIf the radius of a circle is 17 cm, then the diameter of the circle is 34 cm. If the diameter is 34 cm, then circumference of the circle is approximately 107 cm. Determine if both statements are TRUE or FALSE. The ages of Rohit and James are in the ratio 2 : 5. In 9 years, the ratio of their ages will be 5 : 8. Find their present ages. What two habitats lack trees shrubs and liquid water f(x) = 2x-1What is f13)? Consider a triangle ABC like the one below. Suppose that C equals 97 a equals 40 and b equals 17 sold the triangle carry your intermediate computations and to at least four decimal places around your house or to the nearest 10th if there are more than one solution use the button labeled or Write a division word problem for 31 divided by 4 that requires to round up if 3 kg of flour needs 4 1/2 cups of sugar how much is 4 kg Of flour Look at the image below and write what each exponent means, But dont determine the value. Which set of numbers can represent the side lengths, in centimeters, of a right triangle?O 8, 12, 15O 10, 24, 26O 12, 20, 25O 15, 18, 20 Describe two factors that have led to the greater interconnectedness of countries. A construction company is bidding on a project comprising five high-rise buildings to be erected one after the other. The company considers the purchase of a set of advanced, hydraulically operated tunnel forming systems for $20/sf. The forms are to be used 200 times for the forming of 1,000 sf of walls and 1,000 sf of slabs per use on a series of residential buildings over a period of 4 yr, and then they will be sold. Salvage value is expected to be 10% of original purchase price. No maintenance costs are expected. Labor productivity is estimated at 0.025 labor hr/sf. Hourly wages are $22. Consider 5% annual interest rate. What is the average formwork cost (material In Prof. Smith's class, the 11 students had the following scores on the last midterm.73, 77, 78, 82, 83, 85, 86, 89, 95, 95, 188Identify all values that are outliers.If there is more than one outlier, separate them with commas.If there are no outliers, click on "None". Simplify (5^3)^6 leaving your answer in index form Commercials for a toy bouncy ball advertise that it will bounce to a height that is greater than theheight from which it was dropped. Why is this impossible?