By carbon fixation, 3-PGA molecules are transformed into glucose molecules, which are simple sugar molecules.
It corresponds to the second phase of Calvin's cycle. By carbon fixation, 3-PGA molecules are transformed into glucose molecules, which are simple sugar molecules. Energy for this stage is provided by ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent activities of photosynthesis. Thus, the Calvin cycle is a mechanism through which plants convert solar energy into compounds like sugars that may be stored for a long period. ATP and NADPH provide the sugars with their energy.
This procedure is referred to as reduction because 3-PGA molecules get electron transfers to produce glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate.
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Why are the 5 main food groups important?
The 5 main food groups helps in providing wide array of nutrition to the body, that helps to promotes healthy life style and also minimizes the risk of stoke and life threatening diseases . These food groups can also helps to add flavors and texture that making eating more interesting .
Hence , if we talk about individual functions of food groups they include ,Carbohydrates are body's primary source of energy or preferred energy source. Carbs are generally broken down by the body into glucose which is also a type of sugar. Protein are responsible to work with cells for maintaining proper structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. vegetables and fruits helps lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, prevent cancers. Fats store energy and protect vital organs .
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If a cell has 12 pairs of chromosomes in G1 of interphase, how many chromosomes does it have during each of the following phases of the cell cycle
In G1 he has 12 chromosomes. In his S phase of the cell cycle, the amount of DNA doubles. The chromatids double, but the number of chromosomes remains the same. The number of chromosomes in G2 phase is equal to 12 chromosomes and the number of chromatids is 24.
The cell cycle consists of interphase (G 1 , S, and G 2 phases) followed by mitotic phases (mitosis and cytokinesis) and G 0 phases.
In the G1 phase of the cell cycle, each chromosome is composed of a single chromatid, and each chromatid is composed of a single double-stranded DNA molecule. Therefore, a cell with 12 chromosomes normally has 12 DNA molecules in G1.
Interphase begins in the G1 phase (G stands for Gap). During this stage, the cell makes various proteins required for DNA replication. In the S phase following the G1 phase, all chromosomes are replicated. After replication, each chromosome is made up of her two sister chromatids.
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2. What is the resting phase for cells that are currently not in the process of division or cells that do not intend to divide, such as the nerve
cells in your brain?
Go
G2
Os
G₁
Answer: Go, all the other options are stages that involves changes to the cell during the cell cycle (e.g., G1/G2 = cell growth, and processes involving the organelles, Synthesis = DNA replication)
What to do: 1. Find a partner. Bring out the different materials needed for the activity. 2. Using a marker, label the twigs as E. 3. Label the cans as A. Put a small amount of soil in the cans. 4. Label the bottles as T. Put a small amount of water. 5. Put the water lily in A, mongo seeds in T and orchids in E. 6. Make another two sets to grow the same plant using the guides below. • A-mongo . T- orchids ● • E-mongo • E-water lily 7. Place all the set up for 3 days in a place with enough sunlight and air. Observe after three days. Set Up T(bottles) Plants water lily mongo orchids • A- orchids T - water lily Set Up A(cans) Set Up E (twigs)
Measure out and carefully pour a quarter cup of oil into the Oil+Water container. Watch the water and oil in the bottle while letting it rest on a tabletop or other flat surface.
How long do orchids survive?Orchids can survive up to 20 years in the wild, depending on their species and the environment. While potted orchids don't have quite the same longevity, with proper care, they may survive for 10 to 15 years. According to some reports, orchids have far longer life spans.
What does the orchid represent?The orchid represents love, beauty, refinement, having many offspring, thoughtfulness, and mature appeal in floral symbolism. There is now a sizable market for orchids all around the world.
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Two different Drosophila flies (fruit flies), fly A and fly B. are shown below. Classify each phrase or term as applying to fly A only, fly B only, or both fly A and fly B. The term "Hox genes" applies to clusters of homeotic genes found in many different animals, including fruit flies. After segmentation genes have established the body segments. Hox genes trigger the development of segment-specific body structures in the correct locations.
ONLY Fly A is described as "wild type," "has normal Hox genes," and "displays normal pattern development." ONLY FOR FLY B: "displays aberrant pattern formation," "homeotic mutant," and "carries mutant Hox genes" "Produces transcription factors initiating gene expression for segment-specific structures" is a trait shared by both Fly A and Fly B.
Give instances of homeotic genes.By observing odd alterations in fruit flies, such as those with feet in lieu of mouth parts, additional pairs of wings, or two pairs of balancing organs (called halteres) in place of wings, scientists were able to identify homeotic genes. In other cases, their heads even sprouted legs in place of antennae!
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Which type of rock is marble?
Answer:
Metamorphic rock
Explanation:
Marble is a type of metamorphic rock. These types of rock are made by another rock type - igneous rock/sedimentary rock. Other examples of metamorphic rocks like marble are slate, schist, quartzite, etc.
Treatment of an abscess often requires that it be surgically drained because ______.
O the wall of the abscess prevents proper blood flow into the pus
O the wall of the abscess prevents proper elimination of wastes from the enclosed pus
O the wall of the abscess prevents neutrophils from entering the pus and attacking the pathogens
O the wall of the abscess prevents macrophages from differentiating into monocytes in the pus
Because the abscess wall obstructs adequate blood flow through into pus, management of an abscess frequently necessitates surgical drainage of the abscess.
Which of the below is not an anti-infection chemical barrier?Instead of acting as a barrier, macrophages target pathogens once they have already entered the body. Physical barriers include mucus and epithelial tissue, whereas chemical barriers include saliva and urine.
What type of cell plays the most important role in immunity?The most significant of the three antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells play a crucial role in the beginning of innate and adaptive immunity (see Section 1-6). Macrophages can directly mediate innate immunity and play a critical role in the effector component of the adaptive immunological response.
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What is the same and what is different about the transcription of a prokaryote vs. a eukaryotic gene
Due to the lack of a distinct nucleus, prokaryotic gene expression (both transcription and translation) occurs inside the cytoplasm of a cell; hence, the DNA is freely positioned within the cytoplasm.
Gene expression in Eukaryotes happens in both the nucleus (transcription) and the cytoplasm (translation).
Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus, whereas Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm. Transcriptional factors are proteins that are required in Eukaryotic Transcription but not in Prokaryotic Transcription.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription Have Similarities. The RNA serves as a template for synthesis in both types of transcriptions. In both transcriptions, one strand of DNA duplex serves as the template. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic transcriptions both generate RNA molecules.
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The toxic condition caused by excessive amount of urea and other waste products in the bloodstream is known as
Uremia is a toxic accumulation in the blood. It happens when your kidneys quit filtering poisons out of your urine. Uremia is frequently associated with end-stage renal (kidney) illness.
Azotemia and uremia are two forms of renal diseases. When there is nitrogen in your blood, you have azotemia. Uremia is caused by the presence of urea in the blood. They are, however, both linked to renal illness or damage.
Uremia develops when your kidneys are injured. Toxins, or body waste, that your kidneys ordinarily excrete in urine end up in your circulation. These poisons are referred to as creatinine and urea. Uremia is a dangerous illness that, if left untreated, can be fatal.
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The human brain differs from the brains of most other animals by the relative amount of brain mass devoted to which of the following
The human brain differs from the brains of most other animals by the relative amount of brain mass devoted by the cerebral cortex.
The human brain is uniquely distinguished from the brains of other animals by the size of its cerebral cortex in comparison to the overall mass of the brain.
This part of the brain is responsible for complex cognitive functions, including language processing, conscious thought, and higher-level problem solving.
As a result, the human brain is capable of much more sophisticated processing than other animal brains, allowing us to think abstractly, create art, and develop complex language.
The human brain is vastly different from most other animals' brains, primarily due to the sheer amount of mass devoted to the cerebral cortex. This area of the brain is responsible for many of our most complex cognitive processes, such as decision-making, problem-solving, and creative thinking.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
The human brain differs from the brains of most other animals by the relative amount of brain mass devoted to which of the following:
a) cerebral cortex
b) cerebellum
c) brainstem
d) cerebrum
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Compare and contrast the difference between the Upper mantle and the lower mantle.
The Upper Mantle is the uppermost portion of the Earth's mantle. It is composed of relatively cool rocks such as peridotite and basalt. The temperature is typically between 500 and 1000 degrees Celsius. It is mainly composed of minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and garnet. It is relatively rigid and is the main source of orogeny.
The Lower Mantle is the portion of the Earth's mantle located below the upper mantle. It is composed of hot, dense rocks such as eclogite and dunite. The temperature is typically between 1000 and 2000 degrees Celsius. It is mainly composed of minerals such as bridgmanite, ferropericlase, and magnesiowüstite. It is ductile and is the main source of convection, which drives plate tectonics.
The electrical stimulation of the cardiac muscle cells is called depolarization; the mechanical contraction is called .
The electrical stimulation of the cardiac muscle cells is called depolarization; the mechanical contraction is called Systole.
During systole, the 2 ventricles broaden strain and eject blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta. At this time the atrioventricular valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open. The semilunar valves are closed and the atrioventriular valves are open at some point of diastole. The cardiac cycle is basically cut up into phases, systole (the contraction phase) and diastole (the rest phase). Each of those is then similarly divided into an atrial and ventricular component. Systole happens while the coronary heart contracts to pump blood out, and diastole happens while the coronary heart relaxes after contraction.
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What do clams need to survive?
Clams need aquarium pH: 7.0 – 8.0 and water temperature: 70 – 80 degrees Fahrenheit to survive.
With aquarium pH, some potterers suggest that lower terrarium pH in the upper 6’s may also be respectable to Freshwater Bones. Others try to keep terrarium pH above 7. Water on the acidic side may not be stylish for the bone ’s shell over the long term. Water of the aquarium should be well oxygenated.
Calms care issue relates to terrarium size and the quantum of water it holds. There needs to be enough water in the tank to hold sufficient comestible matter to support the calm ’s nutritive requirements.
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Many scientists claim that the synthesis of the first organic molecules from inorganic precursors was possible because of the highly reducing atmosphere found on primitive Earth.
Which of the following is an appropriate null hypothesis that could be used when investigating the claim?
answer choices
The synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is possible under current atmospheric oxygen levels as well as those found on primitive Earth.
Organic molecules were transported to primitive Earth by a meteorite or other celestial event.
The absence of a significant quantity of atmospheric oxygen is required for the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic precursors.
The level of atmospheric oxygen on modern Earth is significantly higher than on primitive Earth.
The synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules is possible under current atmospheric oxygen levels as well as those found on primitive Earth is an appropriate null hypothesis that could be used when investigating the claim.
The hypothesis that organic molecules can be synthesized from inorganic molecules under current atmospheric oxygen levels, as well as those found on primitive Earth, is an important one to consider when researching the claim that life could have originated on the planet.
This null hypothesis provides evidence that organic molecules can form without the presence of life, allowing us to explore the possibility of life's origin on Earth in a more comprehensive manner.
By studying the various chemical reactions and processes involved in the synthesis of organic molecules, we can gain a better understanding of the conditions that were necessary for the emergence of life.
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The students recorded the actual sizes of the sun and planets
The students used a solar system model calculator to determine the scaled sizes of the sun and planets and recorded this information in the students worksheet
Copernicus's Heliocentric Model
How did we know the size of the Sun?Copernicus’s Heliocentric Model, This is known as the Heliocentric model where the Sun is placed at the centre of the universe (hence, the Solar System) and the Earth is, like all the other planets, orbiting it.The measurements were taken using the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) onboard NASA’s Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). They calculated the radius of the Sun to be 696,342 km (432,687 miles) with a margin of error of only 65 km (40 miles).
Late the locations of the planets and stars: the ancient Greek geocentric model proposed by Ptolemy, Copernicus’ complete heliocentric model, and Brahe’s hybrid of these.
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Imagine you are stranded on a deserted island with 400 individuals. Once you and the others have built some shelters and taken stock of the island, how would you move forward
The question above seeks to assess your perception of government and your ability to manage a population. In that case, it's not correct for me to write an answer for you, but I'll show you how to create that answer.
Divide the 400 survivors into groups. Determine that each group is responsible for determining representatives, who will form the legislative body. Determine the number of representatives in each group according to the number of legislators you wish to have. You can assign 3-5 representatives for each group. You must divide these legislators into two chambers to maintain greater control of the laws that will be introduced. You can follow the example of the National Congress and research how it is established, to have a basis for the Congress you will form on the island.
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Complete question:
Imagine you are stranded on a deserted island with 400 individuals. Once you and the others have built some shelters and taken stock of the island, how would you move forward? Based on what you know about government, describe how you would set up the law-making body of government for the island’s survivors. Make sure to include the number of members in your legislature, how many houses it will have, how long members can be law makers, how they are chosen, and their responsibilities.
Production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas which is proposed to be banned in India, is used in which of the following domestic products?
A. Television
B. Refrigerator
C. Tube light
D. Cooking gas
Production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas which is proposed to be banned in India, is used in refrigerators.
The correct option is B
What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?Chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are formed as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane. They are fully or partially halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. Freon, a brand name owned by DuPont, is another frequent name for them.
They were used formerly as refrigerants in refrigerators. However, it was discovered that the ozone layer in Earth's atmosphere, which shields the planet from the sun's harmful UV rays, might be destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs were widely utilized as refrigerant gases and as propellants in aerosol sprays when the scientists published their findings in 1974.
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Which species does Lucy belong to ?
One of the most well-known fossilised human ancestor species is known as "Lucy," thus the nickname.
A "funny bone narrative" could be used to describe Lucy's discovery. Johanson found the first piece of Lucy's skeleton at the area of her ulna closest to the elbow when you bump your ulnar nerve in your elbow, it presses against your humerus and gives you that tingly, "funny bone" feeling. Johanson was able to determine from Lucy's shattered ulna's size and shape that it definitely belonged to a primate and might very well be the fossilised remains of a hominin. When Johanson and Gray carefully searched the earth, they were happy to find a great deal more fossilised bone fragments, including pieces of a skull, mandible, ribs, pelvis, thighs, and feet.
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A scientist genetically engineered a grain cereal. The genetically engineered variety can produce its own vitamins and is drought resistant. What is the likely impact of growing such a cereal crop on the society
The correct response is (C) since it would help the hungry people. Cereal grains that have been genetically engineered offer several benefits for civilisation.
Both farmers and the poor would gain from a GM grain variety that can produce its own vitamins and is drought tolerant.
The multiple environmental challenges affecting agricultural output have been further exacerbated by drought. Even in the absence of much rain or water, crop varieties that are resistant to drought provide a high yield. In areas that are prone to drought, these kinds have generated a significant yield.
Vitamins are necessary for a healthy diet. They are necessary for many different bodily metabolic activities. Thus, including genes that code for the synthesis of vitamins in cereal grains such as rice aids in feeding the population that is undernourished.
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Full Question ;
A scientist genetically engineered a grain cereal. The genetically engineered variety can produce its own vitamins and is drought resistant. What is the likely impact of growing such a cereal crop on the society?
a. May trigger an adverse climate change
b. May worsen the water crisis around the world
c.Would be beneficial for the malnourished population
d. Would increase the shortage of food around the world
How long can killer whales go without air?
Killer whales can't even come close to holding their breath for as long. Their maximum duration is approximately 15 minutes, but we typically observe them surfacing for air every 3-5 minutes when traveling or every minute when moving quickly.
The largest member of the Dolphin family, the orca, also known as the "killer whale," is a whale with teeth. The black-and-white coloration, large dorsal fin, and streamlined body of these large marine mammals make them easy to spot. Bright white dominates on the fluke undersides, ventral surface, and lower jaw. When they are looking for food, the distinctive patterns serve as a form of camouflage to conceal their presence.
Like humans, whales use their lungs to get the oxygen they need from air. However, instead of breathing through their mouths, they breathe through the blowholes on top of their heads, which are their nostrils. Without having to lift their entire head out of the water, they can easily breathe through the blowhole.
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Island Distance From Mainland (kilometers) Area (hectares)
A 50 1 x 102
B 50 1 x 106
C 500 1 x 102
D 1000 1 x 102
E 1000 1 x 106
Five islands, A, B, C, D, and E, differ only in distance from the mainland, area, and species diversity. Which island would be predicted to have the highest species diversity ?O AO BO CO DO E
Island B is the most likely to have the highest species diversity out of the five islands. The larger area and closer proximity to the mainland provide more opportunities for species to survive and thrive on island B.
This increases the potential for a greater diversity of species, making island B the best candidate for the island with the highest species diversity.The island with the highest species diversity will likely be island B due to its larger area and relatively close distance from the mainland.
Island B is located 50 kilometers from the mainland, while islands A, C, D, and E are located at 50, 500, 1000, and 1000 kilometers away, respectively. Furthermore, island B is 1 x 106 hectares in size, much larger than Islands A, C, and D, which are 1 x 102 hectares in size.
The larger area of island B provides more habitat for species to survive and thrive, while the closer distance from the mainland increases the chances of species dispersing to the island. As species are able to move more freely and find suitable habitat in island B, island B is likely to have a higher species diversity in comparison to Islands A, C, D, and E.
Habitat fragmentation can also impact species diversity, and the distance from the mainland may further influence species diversity by reducing the exchange of individuals between mainland and the island. Thus, island B has the highest potential for species diversity due to its larger area and closer distance from the mainland.
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Pls help full explination best answer gets brainliest
Answer:
Volume of large cube: 64 mm square
Small: 0.001 mm square
Explanation:
Multiply the 3 side lengths of both cubes
Now answer the 2 questions
What are the 3 main species that make up the mollusk group?
The three main groups of mollusks are bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. Out of which Gastropod is the largest class.
In general, gastropods include snails and slugs. Bivalves are having hin.ged shells also called val.ves examples include clams, mussels, and oysters. Cephalopods include the octopus and squid.
The phylum Mollusca has many distinctive features and special characteristics, which include a mantle cavity, visceral mass, foot, and radula. Gastropods have a special characteristics that includes spirally-coiled external shell while others mollusks usually have a flattened shell, and many of them doesn't possess any shell as outer structure.
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What are 3 ways a mutation can occur in the DNA?
The three ways a mutation can occur in the DNA are, (1). Insertion
(2). Deletion (3). Translocation.
1. Insertion: The DNA strand receives more DNA nucleotides.
2. Deletion: The DNA sequence is altered as a result of the deletion of DNA nucleotides.
3. Translocation: The exchange of chromosomal segments.
Point mutations, or defects introduced in a single spot on a DNA molecule, include substitutions, insertions, and deletions. Sometimes errors can be significantly larger. Errors that relocate entire regions of a DNA molecule are known as chromosomal mutations, also known as gross or gene-level mutations. When cells divide and make duplicates of themselves, changes to the DNA sequence are called gene or genetic mutations. The human body is programmed with instructions from the DNA.
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This chart presents data on greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activity from 1990 to 2012 .which question would help clarify this evidence
Increased demand for electricity and transportation have led to increased emission of greenhouse gases.
What are green house gases?Green house gases has been defined as those gases that are able to trap and re-radiate infrared radiation back to the earth thereby gradually causing a rise in the temperature of the earth. This phenomenon is known as global warming.
The chart from which the question should be answered is not shown but it must be known that as demand for electricity and transportation increased in the 20th and 21st century, the rate of emission of greenhouse gases increased likewise.
Therefore, Increased demand for electricity and transportation have led to increased emission of greenhouse gases.
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thousands of genes make up a single _______________, a double helix dna molecule wrapped around proteins.
Thousands of genes make up a single chromosome ,a double helix DNA molecule wrapped around proteins.
Chromosome is a structure found inside the nucleus of a cell . It is made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes. Each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, of which 22 pairs of chromosomes are called the autosomes and the last pair of chromosomes is called the sex chromosome and are individually called the X and Y chromosome.
In most of the chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins, in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are the histones.
Chromosomes allow the DNA to be accurately copied during these cell divisions.This ensures that our inner mechanisms proceed smoothly and efficiently.
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The inheritance of short wings in Drosophila fruit flies is an X-linked, recessive trait. Which would most likely result it a short-winged female mates with a long-winged male? SC. 912. L. 16. 1
оооо
All offspring will be short-winged
All females will be long-winged, and all males will be short-winged
All females will be short-winged, and all males will be long-winged
o Half of the males and females will be short-winged, and half will be long-winged
The result of a short-winged female mate with a long-winged male is all females will be long-winged, and all males will be short-winged.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
What is X-linked recessive inheritance?X-linked recessive inheritаnce is а wаy а genetic trаit or condition cаn be pаssed down from pаrent to child through mutаtions (chаnges) in а gene on the X chromosome. In mаles (who only hаve one X chromosome), а mutаtion in the copy of the gene on the single X chromosome cаuses the condition. Femаles (who hаve two X chromosomes) must hаve а mutаtion on both X chromosomes in order to be аffected with the condition.
If only the male or the female hаs the mutаted X-linked gene, the children аre usuаlly not аffected аnd аre cаlled cаrriers becаuse one of their X chromosomes hаs the mutаtion but the other one is normаl. Sons will be аffected if they inherit the mutаted X-linked gene from their females. Males cаnnot pаss X-linked recessive conditions to their sons.
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What is Mendel's second conclusion?
Mendel's second law, also known as the Law of Segregation, states that during the formation of gametes, two copies of each gene (alleles) separate from each other and are passed on to different gametes independently of one another.
This means that for each inherited trait, an organism receives one allele from each parent, and the allele that is expressed (determines the phenotype) is determined by its dominance. This means that the dominant allele will mask the effect of the recessive allele. This law explains the phenomenon of Mendel's first law, the law of dominance, which states that certain traits are dominant over others. Mendel's second law also explains the phenomenon of Mendel's third law, the law of independent assortment, which states that the inheritance of one trait is independent of the inheritance of another trait.
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Some breeds of dogs, e.g., Labrador Retrievers, function better as guide or helper dogs than do other breeds of dogs. The most likely reason for this is that
Some breeds have a higher social disposition than others. Dog breeds do have unique personalities, which are anchored in DNA.
Disruption of a gene producing a protein known as GTF21, which affects the action of other genes, was linked to the most sociable dogs. VonHoldt believes that a lack of modifications in that gene leads to aloof, wolflike behavior. Changes in particular gene in mice result in hypersocial behavior.
Environmental and genetic factors both impact aggression. Some dog breeds have been developed to have a more aggressive propensity for fighting, guarding, or hunting. Aggression may have been mistakenly selectively bred into the genetics of other breeds.
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Summarize the function of water during chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis is the passage of ions down their electrochemical gradient over a structure bound to a semipermeable membrane.
Protons, also known as hydrogen ions, will diffuse from an area with a high proton concentration to a site with a low proton concentration. Using an electrochemical gradient of protons across a membrane, ATP can be produced.
The oxidation of water, which is "divided" into protons and oxygen by the oxygen-evolving complex, replaces the electrons lost from Photosystem II (OEC, also known as WOC, or the water-oxidizing complex). Ten photons must be absorbed by Photosystems I and II, four electrons must pass through the two photosystems, and two NADPH must be produced in order to create one molecule of diatomic oxygen (later used for carbon dioxide fixation in the Calvin Cycle).
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