Answer:
Second choice:
[tex]\mbox{\large y = \sqrt{wz}}[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
Consider the right triangle ABC
By the Pythagorean theorem,
AB² = BC² + AC²
BC = x, AC = (w + x) and AB = v
Plug in above values
(w + z)² = v² + x² (1)
In right triangle BCD,
BC² = BD² + CD²
Plugging in values we get
x² = w² + y² (2)
In right triangle ABD
AB² = BD² + AD²
v² = y² + z² (3)
Plug in values of x² from eq (2) and v² from eq 3 into equation (1) to get
(w + z)² = y² + z² +w² + y²
Left side (w + z)² = w² + 2wz + z²
==> w² + 2wz + z² = y² + z² +w² + y²
w² and z² cancel out since they are on both sides of the equation with same sign
=> 2wz = y²+y²
2wz = 2y²
Divide by 2:
wz = y²
Switch sides:
y² = wz
[tex]\mbox{\large y = \sqrt{wz}}[/tex]
in the given figure AB || CD PROVE THAT p+q+r = 180
The sum of angles p, q, and r is equal to 180 degrees.
A degree is a unit of measurement used in geometry to represent angles.
To prove this, we will use the concept of alternate interior angles. Alternate interior angles are angles that are formed on the inside of the two lines when they are parallel to each other. Since AB || CD, alternate interior angles p and q are equal.
We know that the sum of angles in a triangle is equal to 180 degrees. In this case, we have a triangle ABC with angles p, q, and r. Hence,
=> p + q + r = 180 degrees.
Next, since p and q are equal, we can represent them as p = q. Now, substituting the value of q into the above equation, we get:
=> p + p + r = 180 degrees.
This can be simplified to 2p + r = 180 degrees. But since p = q, we can replace p with q. Hence,
=> 2q + r = 180 degrees.
Finally, substituting the value of p = q into the above equation, we get:
=> 2p + r = 180 degrees.
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Solve the following Recurrences by iteration method
T(1)= 1 and T(n) = 2T(n/2) + n/logn (Help:- ∑_(i=1)^n▒〖1/i〗 is ϴ(log n) )
The time complexity is O(1) as the recurrence reduces to a constant.
T(n) = 2T(n/2) + n/log n
T(1) = 1
T(2) = 2T(1) + 2/log 2
= 2 + 2/log 2
T(4) = 2T(2) + 4/log 4
= 2(2 + 2/log 2) + 4/log 4
T(8) = 2T(4) + 8/log 8
= 2(2(2 + 2/log 2) + 4/log 4) + 8/log 8
T(n) = 2^k T(1) + (2^k + 2^(k-1) + ... + 2 + 1)*n/log n
= 2^k + (2^k + 2^(k-1) + ... + 2 + 1)*n/log n
= 2^k + n*Σ_(i=1)^k▒2^i/log n
= 2^k + n/log n*(2^(k+1) - 1)
= 2^k + n/log n*(n/2 - 1)
= (2^k + n/2 - n/log n)*n/log n
= (2n - n/log n)*(log n/n)
= 2 - 1/log n
The time complexity is O(1) as the recurrence reduces to a constant.
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a circuit system is given . assume the components fail independently. (a) what is the probability that the entire system works? (b) given that the system works, what is the probability that the component a is not working?
(a) The probability that the entire system works is 0.3136
(b) The probability that the component a is not working is 0.3
What do you mean by probability?Probability is a scale between 0 and 1 that represents the possibility of an event happening. An event with probability 1 is guaranteed to happen, while an event with probability 0 is impossible. The number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of potential outcomes in the sample space yields the probability of an event A, commonly denoted as P(A). The sample space, for a fair six-sided die, is the set of all potential outcomes, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The probability of rolling a 4 is 1/6. Numerous disciplines employ probability to make predictions, deduce conclusions, and make judgments in the face of uncertainty.
(a) To find the probability that the entire system works, we need to find the product of the probabilities of the individual components working.
For the components connected in series, A and B, the probability that both work is equal to the product of their individual probabilities:
P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B) = 0.7 * 0.8 = 0.56
For the components connected in series-parallel, C, D, and E, the probability that all three work is equal to the product of their individual probabilities:
P(C and D and E) = P(C) * P(D) * P(E) = 0.8 * 0.8 * 0.9 = 0.576
To find the probability of the entire system working, we need to find the product of the probability of A and B working and the probability of C, D, and E working:
P(system works) = P(A and B) * P(C and D and E) = 0.56 * 0.576 = 0.3136
(b) Given that the system works, the probability that component A is not working would be equal to 1 minus the probability that component A is working:
P(A not working | system works) = 1 - P(A working | system works) = 1 - 0.7 = 0.3
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The complete question is
when determining the approximate width of the bins for a frequency distribution of quantitative data, the difference of what two values is divided by the number of bins?
The difference of the maximum and minimum values is divided by the number of bins.
1. Identify the maximum and minimum values of the quantitative data
2. Subtract the minimum value from the maximum value to get the difference
3. Divide the difference by the number of bins to get the approximate width of each bin
The width of the bins in a frequency distribution of quantitative data can be estimated by dividing the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the data by the desired number of bins. This will provide an approximate size for each bin, which can then be used to construct the frequency distribution.
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Draw a dilation of the figure around the origin using the given scale factor.
k=1/4
After dilation with the scale factor 1/4 is A'(0, 1), B'(1, 1) and C'(-1, -1).
What is scale factor?A scale factor is defined as the ratio between the scale of a given original object and a new object, which is its representation but of a different size (bigger or smaller).
The basic formula to find the scale factor of a figure is expressed as,
Scale factor = Dimensions of the new shape ÷ Dimensions of the original shape.
Given that, the scale factor is k= 1/4.
From the given figure, vertices of triangle ABC are
A(0, 4), B(4, 4) and C(-4, -4)
After dilation with the scale factor 1/4, we get
A(0, 4)→1/4 (0, 4) =A'(0, 1)
B(4, 4)→1/4 (4, 4) =B'(1, 1)
C(-4, -4)→1/4 (-4, -4) =C'(-1, -1)
Therefore, after dilation with the scale factor 1/4 is A'(0, 1), B'(1, 1) and C'(-1, -1).
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Mrs. Klein went to Target in search of a good deal on laundry detergent (Owen is one messy boy!). She found Tide was $15.99 with 20% off. Gain was $17.55 with 25% off. She has a target red card and gets 5% off her total purchase.
The product which cost less is Tide which has a cost value of $15.99 with 20% off.
What is Cost?This is referred to as the expenditure required to create and sell products and services, or to acquire assets.
Tide was $15.99 with 20% off which when calculated = 20/100 × $15.99 = $3.198.
Gain was $17.55 with 25% off which when calculated = 25/100 × $17.55 = $4.388.
Therefore the cheaper alternative will be Tide detergent.
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The full question:
Mrs. Klein went to Target in search of a good deal on laundry detergent (Owen is one messy boy!). She found Tide was $15.99 with 20% off. Gain was $17.55 with 25% off. She has a target red card and gets 5% off her total purchase. which one of the products costs less?
Q. Factorise completely:-
a.) 3a2 + 10a + 7
Please I need it quickly!
The expression 3a² + 10a + 7 can be completely factored as (a + 7)(3a + 1).
The expression 3a² + 10a + 7 can be factored as a product of two binomials.
To factor this expression, we can find two numbers that multiply to 7 and add up to 10. The only pair of numbers that have this property is 1 and 7. So, we can write:
3a² + 10a + 7 = 3a² + 7a + a + 7
= a(3a + 1) + 7(1 + 3a)
= (a + 7)(3a + 1)
Factorization is the process of breaking down a mathematical expression into simpler, more manageable parts. There are various methods to factorize an expression, including:
Grouping: This method involves grouping terms in pairs and then factoring out a common factor.
Difference of Squares: This method involves factoring the expression into the difference of two squares.
Sum or Difference of Cubes: This method involves factoring the expression into the sum or difference of two cubes.
Using Factor Trees: This method involves finding the prime factorization of the expression and then grouping the factors to find the final answer.
Using Identities: This method involves using various mathematical identities to simplify the expression.
It's best to determine the method to use based on the specific expression you're trying to factorize.
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(i) Are there values of k such that the curve y = (k + 3)x² - 3x lies completely above the line y = x + k? Justify your answer. (ii) Explain the relationship between the curve and the line in part (i).
Answer:
(i) No
(ii) The line and curve always intersect in two places
Step-by-step explanation:
You want to know if there are values of k such that the curve y = (k+3)x²-3x lies completely above the line y = x+k. And you want to know the relationship between the line and the curve.
(i) DiscriminantThe number of points of intersection between the line and the curve can be found by considering the discriminant of the quadratic equation for the difference of the y-values.
The line and curve will intersect when their y-values are equal:
(k +3)x² -3x = x +k
(k +3)x² -4x -k = 0 . . . . . compare to ax²+bx+c=0
The discriminant is the value of b²-4ac, so is ...
d = (-4)² -4(k+3)(-k) = 16 +4k(k -3)
Writing this in vertex form, we have ...
4(k² -3k) +16 = d
4(k² -3k +2.25) +16 -4(2.25) = d . . . . . "complete the square"
4(k -1.5)² +7 = d
The square is always positive, and it is added to a positive value (7), so the discriminant d is always positive. This means there are always two points of intersection between the curve and the line.
(ii) RelationshipAs we saw above, the line and curve will always intersect at two points. This means there are always parts of the curve both above and below the line.
__
Additional comment
For the value k=-3, the "curve" becomes a line with slope -3 through the origin. It will intersect the line y=x-3 at one point. It seems reasonable to exclude that case from consideration.
The function f is defined by f (x) = 50.3%. The function g is defined by g(x) = a. b
Here are graphs of f and g.
g
X
1. How does a compare to 50? Explain how you know.
2. How does b compare to 3? Explain how you know.
On solving the provided question, we can say that Point (1,1) must be on the graph of f if point (x,1) is on the graph of f. (x).
What is graphs?Mathematicians use graphs to logically convey facts or values using visual representations or charts. A graph point will typically reflect a relationship between two or more things. Nodes, or vertices, and edges make form a graph, a non-linear data structure. Glue together the nodes, often referred to as vertices. This graph has vertices V=1, 2, 3, 5, and edges E=1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, and (2.5), (3.5). (4.5). Statistical charts (bar charts, pie charts, line charts, etc.) graphical representations of exponential growth. a logarithmic graph in the shape of a triangle
Given that y=f(x) and g(x)=f (x)
Flipping the graph of y=f(x) across the y axis, as shown in the image, will give you the graph of g(x)=f(x).
For instance, the point (2,2) must be on the graph of f if point (2,2) is on the graph of f(x) (x).
Point (3,1) must be on the graph of f if point (3,1) is on the graph of f(x) (x).
Point (1,1) must be on the graph of f if point (1,1) is on the graph of f(x) (x).
Point (1,1) must be on the graph of f if point (x,1) is on the graph of f. (x).
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I need someone to explain
Answer:
x= 26/5= 5 1/5= 5.2y= 17/5= 3 2/5= 3.4Step-by-step explanation:
explain what ? what is the question here ?
to find the intersecting point of both lines ?
if that is the case, then please consider that an intersection point is a point, where both equations deliver the same coordinates. it is the same point for both of them.
in other words, the question is for what pair of (x, y) are both equations true (their left and right sides are equal).
we do this by finding a way to express one variable by an expression in the other variable, and then use that identity in one of the equations to solve for the remaining variable. and then we use that in the other equation to solve for the first variable.
line b gives us such an identity right away.
y = (-1/2)x + 6
we can use that in the line a equation :
2x - ((-1/2)x + 6) = 7
2x + (1/2)x - 6 = 7
2x + (1/2)x = 13
(4/2 + 1/2)x = 13
(5/2)x = 13
5x = 26
x = 26/5 = 5.2
y = (-1/2)×5.2 + 6 = -2.6 + 6 = 3.4
If 58% of the people surveyed said YES to a YES or NO question, how many people said NO if 6700 people were surveyed?
Answer:
If 58% of the people surveyed said YES to a YES or NO question, the number of people who said YES is
58/100 * 6700 = 3886.
The number of people who said NO is
6700 - 3886 = 2814.
What is the measure of angle R?
Enter your answer as a decimal in the box. Round only your final answer to the nearest hundredth.
m∠R =
The measure of the angles of the triangles are 90° , 67.380° and 22.620°
What is the law of sines?The relationship between a triangle's sides and angles is provided by the Law of Sines. Trigonometry's law of sines can be expressed as a/sinA = b/sinB = c/sinC, where a, b, and c are the lengths of the triangle's sides, and A, B, and C are the triangle's respective opposite angles.
Law of Sines :
a / sin A = b / sin B = c / sin C
Given data ,
Let the triangle be represented as ΔPQR
Now , the measure of ∠PQR = 90°
The measure of side PR = 13 cm
The measure of side PQ = 5 cm
The measure of side QR = 12 cm
From the law of sines , we get
a / sin A = b / sin B = c / sin C
Substituting the value sin the equation , we get
12 / sin P = 13 / sin 90°
From the trigonometric relations , sin 90° = 1
So , Multiply by sin P on both sides of the equation , we get
sin P = 12/13
Taking inverse on both sides of the equation , we get
sin⁻¹ ( 12/13 ) = 67.380°
Therefore , the measure of ∠QPR = 67.380°
And , the measure of ∠PRQ = 180 - ( 90° + 67.380° )
The measure of ∠PRQ = 22.620°
Hence , the angles of triangles is solved
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list the elements of the Sets (1) (AnB)' UC (ii) (AUC) 'n B (iii) (AUBUC)'
Answer:
(i) The complement of the intersection of Sets A and B, denoted by (A∩B)', is the set of all elements that are not in the intersection of Sets A and B. It can be found by taking the union of the complements of Sets A and B, denoted by A' and B'. Hence, (AnB)' = A' U B'.
(ii) The complement of the union of Sets A and C, denoted by (A U C)', is the set of all elements that are not in the union of Sets A and C. It can be found by taking the intersection of the complements of Sets A and C. Hence, (A U C)' = A' ∩ C'.
(iii) The complement of the union of Sets A, B, and C, denoted by (A U B U C)', is the set of all elements that are not in the union of Sets A, B, and C. It can be found by taking the intersection of the complements of Sets A, B, and C. Hence, (A U B U C)' = A' ∩ B' ∩ C'.
The diagonals of parallelogram WXYZ intersect at D. Select all the statements that must be true.
Group of answer choices
XD≅YD
∠WXZ≅∠YZX
XD≅ZD
∠XDY≅∠WDZ
XZ≅WY
The statements that are true about parallelogram WXYZ:
XD ≅ ZD
∠WXZ ≅ ∠YZX
Consider the following diagram.
The diagonals of parallelogram WXYZ intersect at D.
We know that the property of parallelogram that the diagonals bisect each other.
From this property we get,
XD ≅ ZD
Also, from the definition of parallelogram the opposite sides are equal and parallel.
So, we have
WX and YZ are parallel lines with XY transversal.
So, ∠WXZ ≅ ∠YZX as they are alternate interior angles
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Two apple trees are going next to each other the oldest tree has a 36 ft Shadow the smaller Creek has a 12-in shadow and there is 8 ft tall how tall is the older tree
The old tree in 54 feet height.
What is Ratio?A ratio is an ordered pair of numbers a and b, written a / b where b does not equal 0.
Given that Two apple trees are going next to each other
the oldest tree has a 36 ft Shadow
the smaller Creek has a 12-in shadow and the tree is 8 ft tall.
We need to find the height of the older tree.
Let x be the height of older tree.
36/x=8/12
36×12=8x
432=8x
Divide both sides by 8
54=x
Hence, the old tree in 54 feet height.
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Tyrice put 4 cookies in each of 7 bags.how many cookies in all did he put in the bags.
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
4 cookies times 7 bags
4x7=28
PLEASEEE HELP PLLLZZZZ
Answer:
Clockwise 90°, enlargement
Step-by-step explanation:
Rotation:
Rotation means turning around a center and from the center to any point on the shape stays same.
Here, the ΔABC is rotated clockwise 90°with it center O.
Dilation:
This means resizing either by compression, enlargement or contraction.
Here, the ΔABC is enlarged to ΔA'B'C'
The population of India was 1,324,671,354 in 2016. Round the population to the nearest million people.
Answer:
1,325,000,000 people
Step-by-step explanation:
Million = 1,000,000
Number = 1,324,671,354
The 1st 4 is in the millionth place. 6 > 4 so round 4 up to 5.
Rounded = 1,325,000,000 people
help please i’m tired and i just want to finish this and go to bed
Answer: 112i + 85.8j
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
[tex]\vec{H}=-32.1\:\hat{i}+79.6\:\hat{j}[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
VectorsThe magnitude of a vector gives the length of the line segment.The direction of a vector gives the angle the line forms with the positive x-axis.To find the components of a vector given its magnitude and direction, use the following formula:
[tex]\large\boxed{\vec{u}=\left(||\vec{u}|| \cos(\theta),|| \vec{u}|| \sin(\theta)\right)}[/tex]
where:
[tex]||\vec{u}||[/tex] is the magnitudeθ is the angle (in degrees)Given:
[tex]||\vec{H}||=85.8[/tex][tex]\theta=112^{\circ}[/tex]Substitute the given values into the formula:
[tex]\vec{H}=\left(85.8 \cos(112^{\circ}),85.8 \sin(112^{\circ})\right)[/tex]
[tex]\vec{H}=\left(-32.1, 79.6\right)[/tex]
Therefore:
[tex]\vec{H}=-32.1\:\hat{i}+79.6\:\hat{j}[/tex]
The notation "f(x)" (f of x) is another way of representing y-values in a function
True
False
need help is it true or false
3. A cube has volume 9261 cubic centimetres. Determine the area of one face of the cube.
Show your work. (2 marks)
volume =
3
9261cm
find
surface
area
of this
alde
If the volume of cube is 9261 cubic centimeters, then the surface area of the cube is 2646 square centimeters.
It is given that a cube has volume 9261 cubic centimeters. Let the length of the side of cube is 'a' centimeters.
The formula of volume of a cube is [tex]a^{3}[/tex]
9261 cubic centimeters = [tex]a^{3}[/tex]
a = [tex]\sqrt{9261}[/tex]
a = [tex]\sqrt{21\times21\times21}[/tex]
a = 21 cm
The surface area of cube = [tex]6a^{2}[/tex]
The surface area of cube = [tex]6\times21^{2}[/tex]
The surface area of cube = 2646 square centimeters.
Also the area of one face of the cube = [tex]a^{2}[/tex]
The area of one face of the cube is 441 square centimeters.
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Fill in the blanks below..
(a) A car corporation produced 1980 more cars this month than last.
Write a signed number to represent this month's change in production.
(b) The temperature fell by 18 degrees Fahrenheit today.
Write a signed number to represent this temperature change
Abdoulaye spots an airplane on radar that is currently approaching in a straight line, and that will fly directly overhead. The plane maintains a constant altitude of 5925 feet. Abdoulaye initially measures an angle of elevation of 16
∘
∘
to the plane at point
�
A. At some later time, he measures an angle of elevation of 31
∘
∘
to the plane at point
�
B. Find the distance the plane traveled from point
�
A to point
�
B. Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a foot if necessary.
The distance the plane traveled from point A to point B is 10,802.1 feet.
What are trigonometric functions?Simply put, trigonometric functions—also referred to as circular functions—are the functions of a triangle's angle. This means that these trig functions provide the relationship between the angles and sides of a triangle. Sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant are the fundamental trigonometric functions.
Given the height of the plane = 5925 feet
let the distance between A to B be x and distance from B to the position of the plane is y as shown in the image,
angle of elevation from point A = 16°
the angle of elevation from point B = 31°
using trigonometric functions,
tanα = perpendicular/base
base = x + y
perpendicular = 5925 feet
tan(16) = 5925/(x + y)
x + y = 5925/tan(16)
y = 5925/tan(16) - x.........(1)
and tan(32) = 5925/y
y = 5925/tan(32)
substitute the value of y from equation 1
5925/tan(16) - x = 5925/tan(32)
5925/tan(16) - 5925/tan(32) = x
x = 10,802.1 feet
Hence the distance covered by points A to B is 10,802.1 feet.
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What is the longest line segment that can be drawn in a right rectangular prism that is 14 cm long, 13 cm wide, and 9 cm tall?
The longest line segment that can be drawn in a right rectangular prism is 21.1 cm.
Let us assume the right rectangular prism be labelled as shown in figure. Now the longest possible line here is the diagonal between two most far points like A and G. So, finding the length of AG from triangle AGC.
But, prior to this calculation, we need to find AC. It will be calculated from the traingle ABC.
So, AC² = AB² + BC²
AC² = 14² + 13²
AC² = 196 + 169
AC² = 365
AC = 19.1 cm
Now, finding length of AG.
AG² = AC² + GC²
AG² = 365 + 9²
AG² = 365 + 81
AG² = 446 cm
AG = ✓446
AG = 21.1 cm
Thus, the diagonal AG is 21.1 cm.
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What is the degree 6y^6-4y^3
The degree of expression will be the highest level of each of the aforementioned individuals' expression, or 6.
What is expression?It is necessary to multiply, dividing, add, or subtract as mathematics. The following is how an assertion is put together: Number, expression, and mathematical operator The components of a mathematical form include numbers, variable, and functions (such as addition, subtraction, multiplication or division etc.)
It is possible that contrast statements and phrases. An expression, often known like an algebraic expression, is there any mathematical statement that abstract, numbers, and a numerical operation between them. For illustration, the word m in the balanced formula is separated from the parts 4m and 5 by the arithmetic symbol +, as is the variable m in the phrase 4m + 5.
given:
6y⁶-4y³ is the given expression.
6 y⁶ has a degree of 6.
3 is the degree of - 4y³.
However, the level of expression will be the greatest level of the individual expression of the aforementioned, i.e. 6.
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if you were to construct a pareto chart (using the rule suggested in the book), how would the second bar in the graph be labeled?
When constructing a Pareto chart, the second bar would be labeled with the name of the item that has the second highest frequency or impact, as determined by the data being analyzed.
In a Pareto chart, the bars are typically labeled with the names of the items being analyzed, and the height of each bar represents the frequency or the impact of each item. The bars are typically ordered from largest to smallest, with the largest bar appearing on the left and the smallest bar on the right.
It is worth noting that the "rule" you referred to in the book might refer to the 80-20 rule, also known as the Pareto principle. This rule states that roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. In the context of a Pareto chart, this means that you might expect the first few bars to represent a large portion of the total frequency or impact, while the later bars represent a much smaller portion.
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Find the area of the circle shown.
Use 3.14 as an approximation of pi.Round your answer to the nearest tenth
Answer: A = 19.6^2 ( 19.6 to the 2nd power )
Step-by-step explanation:
Area of a circle = 3.14 * r^2
A = 3.14 * 2.5^2
A = 19.625
19.625 rounded to the nearest tenth is 19.6
According to the information we can infer that the area of the circle with a radius of 2.5 is approximately 19.63 square units.
How to calculate the area of the circle?The area of a circle is given by the formula A = πr², where A represents the area and r represents the radius.
In this case, the radius is given as 2.5 units. Substituting this value into the formula, we have:
A = π(2.5)²A = π(6.25)Using an approximate value of π as 3.14159, we can calculate the area:
A ≈ 3.14159 × 6.25A ≈ 19.63So we can conclude that the area of the circle with a radius of 2.5 units is approximately 19.63 square units.
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Jared budges 860 each month for this expenses what percent of his net monthly income is that if his annual net income is 24,348
i need the slope of (5, -3) and (8,-3)
first off, let's notice that the y-coordinates are the same for both points, meaning is really just a horizontal line, and its slope is 0, however, let's go through the rigamarole
[tex](\stackrel{x_1}{5}~,~\stackrel{y_1}{-3})\qquad (\stackrel{x_2}{8}~,~\stackrel{y_2}{-3}) \\\\\\ \stackrel{slope}{m}\implies \cfrac{\stackrel{\textit{\large rise}} {\stackrel{y_2}{-3}-\stackrel{y1}{(-3)}}}{\underset{\textit{\large run}} {\underset{x_2}{8}-\underset{x_1}{5}}} \implies \cfrac{-3 +3}{3} \implies \cfrac{ 0 }{ 3 } \implies \text{\LARGE 0}[/tex]
suppose that a is orthogonal to b in rn. what is projab? why? give a geometric interpretation in r2 or r3
Projab is the projection of vector a onto vector b. It is a vector that is perpendicular to b and has the same magnitude as a, and it is the vector that is closest to a in the direction of b.
In R2, the geometric interpretation is that projab is the vector that is obtained by dropping a perpendicular line from the tip of a onto the line containing b.
In R3, the geometric interpretation is that projab is the vector that is obtained by dropping a perpendicular line from the tip of a onto the plane containing b.
The equation for projab is projab = (a.b/|b|^2)b, where a.b is the dot product of a and b, and |b| is the magnitude of b.
The best estimator's error vector, when seen in terms of mean square errors, is orthogonal to all other feasible estimators, according to the orthogonality principle. The orthogonality principle can be expressed in a variety of ways, but it is most frequently used to describe linear estimators.
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