What determines the properties of a substance?

In 1897, J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron was revolutionary.

Thomson's concept of the electron showed that the atom was not indivisible, but instead was composed of smaller particles. This discovery provided the first piece of evidence to support the atomic theory, which states that all matter is made up of atoms.

Thomson's concept of the electron also allowed scientists to understand the behaviour of electricity better. Electrons are negatively charged particles, and Thomson's discovery showed that electricity is a flow of electrons. This knowledge allowed scientists to create new technologies based on the understanding of electrons, such as computers and cell phones.

The significance of Thomson's concept of the electron can be summed up in three words: evidence, electricity, and technology. Thomson's discovery provided the first piece of evidence for the atomic theory, allowed for a better understanding of electricity, and paved the way for the creation of many new technologies.

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There would be 4 valence electrons  in an atom with 14 protons

An element is any substance made entirely of one type of atom. For instance, all of the atoms that make up the element carbon are carbon atoms. The atomic number of an element describes how many protons are present in that element's atoms. Inside a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons must be equal.

The atomic number of an element also serves as a guide to its location on the periodic table.

According to the question, an element has 14 electrons. This implies that it must have 14 protons, indicating that its atomic number is 14.

We must first list any possible electrical configurations for the element before we may locate it:

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p²

In the outermost shell, there are four electrons. The element therefore has 4 electrons in its valence shell is 4

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If it takes 75.0mL of a 2.50M HCl solution to neutralize 55.0mL of a base unknown concentration, the concentration of a unknown basic solution is 1.83M.

Molarity in chemistry is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per litre of solution.

The molarity of two solutions in a neutralization reaction can be calculated as follows:

CaVa = CbVb

Where;

According to this question, 75.0mL of a 2.50M HCl solution is required to neutralize 55.0mL of a base unknown concentration. The concentration of the solution can be calculated as follows:

2.5/75 = Cb/55

0.0333333333 × 55 = Cb

Cb = 1.83M

Therefore, 1.83M is the molarity of the unknown basic solution.

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Answer: Filterability Test

Explanation: This involves filtering the liquid through a filter paper to see if the particles pass through or are retained on the paper. If the particles pass through, the liquid is likely a solution. If the particles are retained, the liquid is likely a colloid. The technical name for this test is the separation test.

Answer:

One way to determine whether a transparent liquid is a solution or a colloid is to use the Tyndall effect. The Tyndall effect, also known as the Tyndall scattering, is a phenomenon that occurs when a beam of light passes through a colloidal system (a mixture in which one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another). When this happens, the light is scattered by the particles in the colloidal mixture, causing the mixture to appear hazy or cloudy. In contrast, if the transparent liquid is a true solution (one in which the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent), the light will pass through it without being scattered, and the solution will appear clear.

To perform the Tyndall effect test, you would need a light source (such as a flashlight or a laser pointer) and a dark room or area. Place the transparent liquid in a clear container, and shine the light through it. If the light is scattered by the particles in the mixture, it will be visible as a bright beam or spot on the opposite side of the container. If the light passes through the mixture without being scattered, it will appear as a continuous, unbroken beam.

There are other tests that can be used to distinguish between solutions and colloids, such as the filterability test and the centrifugation test. However, the Tyndall effect test is one of the most straightforward and reliable methods for making this distinction.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

To determine how many moles of KCI are produced at the same time as 9 moles of O2, you can use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. The balanced equation for the reaction of potassium chlorate (KCIO3) with oxygen gas (O2) is:

2KCIO3 = 2KCI + 3O2

This equation tells us that for every 2 moles of potassium chlorate that react, 2 moles of potassium chloride (KCI) are produced, along with 3 moles of oxygen gas.

Since we know that 9 moles of O2 are produced, we can use the balanced equation to determine how many moles of KCI are produced as well. Since the ratio of O2 to KCI in the equation is 3:2, we can divide 9 moles of O2 by 3 and multiply the result by 2 to find the number of moles of KCI that are produced:

9 moles O2 / 3 = 3 moles KCI

So, for 9 moles of O2, 6 moles of KCI are produced.

Answer: 6 mol KCI

Explanation:

Answer: Aufbau Principle

Explanation:

Aufbau Principle - states that lower energy orbits must be completely filled before moving onto a higher energy level

Hund's Rule - pairing rule; all boxes in the level must be given one arrow before adding a second arrow

Pauli Exclusion Principle - each box must contain two arrows pointing in different directions

This question doesn't completely fill the 1s level before moving onto the next 2s level. Therefore, the digram violates the Aufbau Principle.

Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, a amount of 5.4 moles of oxygen are necessary to react completely with 7.2 moles of hydrogen.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

C₃H₈ + 3 O₂  → 3 CO₂ + 4 H₂

By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The following rule of three is used: If by reaction stoichiometry 4 moles of H₂ are produced by 3 moles of O₂, 7.2 moles of H₂ are produced by how many moles of O₂?

moles of O₂= (7.2 moles of H₂×3 moles of O₂)÷ 4 moles of H₂

moles of O₂= 5.4 moles

Finally, 5.4 moles of oxygen are required.

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The percentage strength of the solution is 1%.

According to question,

we are given that the 20mg of cromolyn sodium in 2 ml of normal saline is taken.

Now, to find the percentage strength first know the meaning of percentage strength.

The amount of solute dissolved in gram per liter of the solution is used to determine the solution's strength. It stands for the solution's potency or concentration. It uses gram per liter of expression.

Now here we are given the the mass and volume connection so we have to find the percentage in terms of it.

percentage strength=[tex]\frac{mass}{volume} *100[/tex]

percentage strength=[tex]\frac{0.020*100}{2}[/tex]

on solving we get,

percentage strength=1%

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ΔHrxn∘ = -144 kj / mol is the Standard Enthalpy of the reaction.  It is the sum of the individual enthalpies of the reactants subtracted from the sum of enthalpies of the products.  

2CuO(s)+NO(g) → Cu2O(s)+NO2(g)

[tex]Cu_{2}O[/tex] → 2[tex]Cu[/tex]  +  1/2 [tex]O_{2}[/tex]                                                        eqn 1

ΔH1 =  [tex]Cu_{2}O[/tex]  -  2 Cu - 1/2 [tex]O_{2}[/tex]

ΔH1 = -168.6 kj / mol  

2[tex]NO[/tex] + [tex]O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]2NO_{2}[/tex]                                                              eqn 2

ΔH2 = 2 [tex]NO[/tex]  +  [tex]O_{2}[/tex]   -  [tex]2NO_{2}[/tex]

ΔH2 = -114.1 kj / mol  

[tex]CuO[/tex] → [tex]Cu[/tex]  +  [tex]1/2 O_{2}[/tex]                                                            eqn 3

ΔH3 = Cuo - Cu -  [tex]1/2 O_{2}[/tex]

ΔH3=  157.3 kj / mol  

1/2 eqn 2    +          2  eqn 3    -  eqn 1

Δ H= -57.05 + 78.65 -168.6

ΔH= -144 kj / mol

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All of the elements in group 18 are relatively un-reactive whereas those in group 17 are very reactive because group 18 elements have complete outer shell and group 17 needs only one electron to complete octet.

In the periodic table , the group 18 elements are called as the noble gases. the group 18 elements have the complete octet that mean the complete valence shell and they are stable due to which they are un reactive and also called as inert gases.

In the group 17 , the elements are called as halogens. the group 17 elements have the incomplete outer shell and they only need one electron to complete their octet due to which they are very reactive.

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The equilibrium concentration of B is 0.325 mol/L.

The correct option is B.

The equilibrium concentration of B in the given reaction is calculated below as follows:

The concentration of A at equilibrium, [A]  = 0.246 mol/L

Constructing an ICE table

          A(g)     +      2B (g)   →      C(g)

I         2 mole         3 moles           -

C      0.524            1.048            0.524

E        0.246         (3 - 1.048) / 6

From the equation of the reaction:

(2 - x) / 6L  =  0.246 mol/L

2 - x = 0.246 * 6

2 - x = 1.476

x = 2 - 1.476

x = 0.524 moles

[B] = (3 - 1.048) / 6

[B] = 0.325 mol/L

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Complete question:

For the reaction given below, 2.00 moles of A and 3.00 moles of B are placed in a 6.00-L container.

A(g) + 2B(g) C(g)

At equilibrium, the concentration of A is 0.246 mol/L. What is the concentration of B at equilibrium? A) 0.246 mol/L B) 0.325 mol/L C) 0.500 mol/L D) 0.492 mol/L E) none of these

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and it directly affects the properties of an element. The atomic number also determines the element's place in the periodic table, which allows us to predict the properties of an element based on its atomic number.

As the atomic number increases, the number of protons in the nucleus increases and so does the atomic number. This increase in protons also increases the number of electrons in the atom. The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom directly affect its chemical behavior and thus the properties of the element.

The atomic number also determines the element's position on the periodic table, and elements with similar atomic numbers have similar chemical and physical properties. For example, elements in the same vertical row (group) have similar chemical properties, and elements in the same horizontal row (period) have similar electronic configurations of their atoms.

The atomic number also affects the reactivity of an element. Elements with lower atomic numbers tend to be more reactive than elements with higher atomic numbers.

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Molarity is a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given amount of solution.

What exactly is Molarity?

Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solution, defined as the number of moles of a solute per liter of solution. It is typically expressed as moles per liter, or M. Molarity is an important concept in many chemistry and biology applications, as it can be used to determine the amount of a certain element or compound that is present in a solution.

Moles of H2SO4 required to neutralize LiOH = (15.5 mL x 0.112 M H2SO4) / 1000 mL = 0.01728 moles

Moles of LiOH used = 0.01728 moles

Moles of LiOH in 25.0 mL sample = (25.0 mL x Molarity of LiOH) / 1000 mL

Molarity of LiOH = (0.01728 moles x 1000 mL) / 25.0 mL = 0.6912 M LiOH

Hence, the molarity of a LiOH solution is 0.6912 M.

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a). Convection is a mode or process of heat transfer for solids and liquids.

Convection is a process of heat transfer that occurs through the movement of fluids. It is the main mode of heat transfer in liquids and gases and is commonly used to transfer heat between two solid objects.

During convection, heat is transferred by the movement of particles or molecules in the fluid. The heat is transferred by the interaction of the particles or molecules with each other and the objects they come into contact with.

The particles or molecules that are hotter will transfer energy to the particles or molecules that are cooler. This causes the cooler particles or molecules to become hotter, resulting in heat transfer from one object to the other.

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Answer:

wavelengths

Explanation:

hope it helps

thanks

Wavelengths are being recorded by the machine by using IR spectrography. Therefore, option B is correct.

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is also known as infrared spectrometry. It is a technique that is used to analyze and identify chemical compounds based on their absorption or emission of infrared radiation.

Infrared radiation lies in the electromagnetic spectrum between visible light and microwave radiation. It has longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than visible light. When infrared radiation passes through a sample, certain chemical bonds in the sample absorb specific frequencies of infrared light.

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The type of reaction is a double replacement reaction. In a double replacement reaction, the positive ions of two compounds switch places to form two new compounds.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and lead(II) nitrate is:

Mg(s) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) -> Mg(NO3)2(aq) + Pb(s)

In this equation, the magnesium and lead ions switch places to form the new compounds magnesium nitrate and lead. The coefficients in front of the compounds indicate the number of moles of that substance that are involved in the reaction. The subscripts indicate the number of atoms of each element in each compound.

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There are 50% chances of the offspring being heterozygous for tall plant.

Crossing homozygous short tt plants with heterozygous tall Tt plants yields short to tall plants in a 1:1 ratio. So the seed has a 50% chance of growing into a large plant.

Under such conditions, the dominant allele is always expressed and the recessive allele is masked. In this example, the size allele is dominant, so the plant grows.

About 80% of an individual's height is determined by differences in their inherited DNA sequences.

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the amount of bromoethane (in milli- liters) that are used in this reaction is 74.13ml.

Mol wt of P-Acetamido phenol = 151.16. Mol wt of  Bromoethane  = 108.97. Mol wt of  Acetophenetidin (product) = 179.22. Paraacetamido phenol, mol wt=151.16. Bromoethane= 108.97. By the law of mass action, 151.16 g P-Acetamido phenol will react 108.97g Bromoethane to get 179.22 g Acetophenetidin (product) and 80.91 g Hydrobromic acid as a bye product. Since the density of Bromoethane = 1.47g/cc, the quantity of Bromoethane in milliliters = 108.97/1.47 = 74.13 ml. Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, is a form of carbon that has been processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions.  Activated carbon is used for a wide range of industrial and environmental applications, including purifying air and water, removing impurities from liquids and gases, and recovering valuable chemicals. In the laboratory, activated carbon is commonly used to purify organic compounds, remove dissolved gases from liquids, and purify water.

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To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to  potassium level. Therefore, the correct option is option A that is Obtain an ECG.

This condition is known as hyperkalemia, or excessive potassium. The Mayo Clinic states that the potassium level in blood should be between 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles a liter (mmol/L).

Critically high potassium levels are those over 5.5 mmol/L, while levels above 6 mmol/L could be lethal. A nurse is caring for a client who has a serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. She should Obtain an ECG.

Therefore, the correct option is option A that is Obtain an ECG.

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2K + [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] = 2KCl is the balanced net ionic equation for a redox reaction that results in the formation of potassium chloride.

Chlorine gas, Cl 2, will cause potassium metal, K, to burn, forming potassium chloride, KCl, an ionic molecule. This synthesis reaction is described by the following balanced chemical equation.

2K + [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] = 2KCl

Consider this reaction to be a redox reaction as an alternative mental image. Here, chlorine gas is oxidizing potassium metal to produce potassium cations. Chlorine gas is converted into chloride anions during the process. The subsequent reaction between the potassium actions and the chloride anions will result in potassium chloride.

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To find a proton number, we can use the Periodic Table of the Elements.

The Periodic Table of the Elements is a table that organizes all discovered chemical elements in rows and columns according to the increasing atomic number.

To find the numbers of protons using this periodic table, first, we have to find the element on the periodic table. Using the columns (group) or rows (period) can make the element easier to find on the table.

Second, find the element’s atomic number, which is located above the element symbol, in the upper left-hand corner of the square. This atomic number will tell us how many protons make up a single atom of that element. For example, Boron (B) has an atomic number of 5, consequently it has 5 protons.

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a) The change in concentration of each reactant and product as a function of reaction rate is − Δ[H₂]/Δt = -Δ[I₂]/Δt = +1/2Δ[HI]/Δt.

b) The rate as to how fast is [HI] decreasing is 4 mol/[tex]L^{-s}[/tex].

A chemical reaction is the process by which a single or more reactants change into a single or more new products. Chemical building blocks or compounds make up substances.

Given balance chemical reaction,

H₂(g) + I₂(g) → 2HI(g)

a) The rate of reaction in terms of the change in concentration of each reactants & products is

Rate = − Δ[H₂]/Δt = -Δ[I₂]/Δt = +1/2Δ[HI]/Δt

b)  where 2, 1, 1 and stoichiometric coefficients of HI, H₂ and I₂ respectively.

where - sign indicates consumption and + ve sign indicates formation

given d[I₂]/dt =2

-d[HI]/2dt= 2

-d[HI]/dt = 4 mol/[tex]L^{-s}[/tex].

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The element box contains name and symbol of the element, number of protons and electrons, atomic mass, and electron configuration.

Each key incorporates an detail's name, precise symbol, atomic weight and atomic variety. Oxygen, for example, has an atomic variety of 8, an atomic weight of 15.996 and a completely unique symbol, O.  Each container represents an detail and incorporates its atomic size, symbol, common atomic mass, and (sometimes) name. The factors are organized in seven horizontal rows, referred to as intervals or series, and 18 vertical columns, referred to as groups. The container containing every detail's records is called the detail key. The table is split into 4 more or less square regions referred to as blocks. The rows of the desk are referred to as intervals, and the columns are referred to as groups. Elements from the equal institution of the periodic table display comparable chemical characteristics.

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The molarity when .772 moles are dissolved in .500 Liters of water is 0.0015M. The molarity when .453 moles are dissolved in .450 Liters of water is 0.001M.

The term molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in per litre of solution. The unit of molarity is mole, which is denoted by the symbol "M".

M = Number of moles of solute / litre in solution

1. Number of moles of solute = .772 moles

so, 0.772 / 500

= 0.0015 M

2. Number of moles of solute =  .453 moles

so, .453 / 450

= 0.001 M

Thus, The molarity when .772 moles are dissolved in .500 Liters of water is 0.0015M. The molarity when .453 moles are dissolved in .450 Liters of water is 0.001M.

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Both tests, one using heated copper sulfate pentahydrate with iron filings and sulfur, and the other using copper sulfate pentahydrate, produced gas production and color changes.

Iron sulfide, which is black in color, is created when iron (gray) and sulfur (yellow) mix chemically.

Fe(s) + S(s) -> FeS(s)

The water molecules in the crystal of copper sulfate-pentahydrate (blue) evaporate when heated, transforming it into anhydrous copper sulfate, which is white in color.

CuSO4.5H2O -> CuSO4 + 5H2O

As a result, both reactions have changed in color and chemical organization. It is considered a chemical change to heat crystals of hydrated copper sulphate. An aqueous solution of copper sulphate loses copper ions to iron. It is an isolated displacement reaction between two metals. In the activity series, iron comes after copper.

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Answer: Both resulted in color change, One involved chemical change while the other involved physical change.

Explanation:

B and E on edge.

Answer: I belive it is HH to h-c-n

Explanation: yea

An exceptionally potent type of dipole-dipole interaction is hydrogen bonding. Oil and water are examples of the effects of hydrogen bonding.

Hydrogen bonding are a type of dipole-dipole interaction that occur between the hydrogen atoms of one molecule and the nitrogen or oxygen atoms of another molecule. They are relatively strong interactions, about 5-10% as strong as a covalent bond, and are responsible for the unique properties of many biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins. Oil and water are examples of substances that demonstrate the effects of hydrogen bonding. Water molecules are polar, meaning that they have a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atoms. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with one another, giving water its high surface tension and making it a good solvent for polar substances. Oil, on the other hand, is composed of non-polar molecules such as alkanes and alkenes, which do not form hydrogen bonds with one another. As a result, oil is immiscible with water and will float on top of it, because it does not have the same kind of attractive forces between its molecules as water does, and also the oil molecules have a low polarity. In summary, hydrogen bonds are a type of dipole-dipole interaction that are relatively strong, and oil and water are examples of substances that demonstrate the effects of hydrogen bonding. Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with one another, giving it the properties of high surface tension and making it a good solvent for polar substances, while oil is composed of non-polar molecules and it is immiscible with water, having low polarity.

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A measuring stick called meterstick or yardstick.

A meterstick or yardstick is either a foldable ruler or straightedge which is used to measure the length and it is specially common in the construction industry. Meterstick are made up of plastic or A measuring stick called meterstick or yardstick.  

A meterstick or yardstick is either a foldable ruler or straightedge which is used to measure the length and it is specially common in the construction industry. Meterstick are made up of plastic or wood and they often have a metal or plastic joints so that they can be folded together. Metersticks are often rectangular and thin. Metersticks are divided with lines for each millimeter and numerical markings per centimeter. Whereas, yardsticks are often marked with a scale in inches. Measuring stick is also known as ruler. For example: We measure the diameter of a circle with a ruler, and also draw a perfectly straight line using its edge.

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To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to atom and its discoveries. Therefore, electron was discovered by J.J Thomson.

Atom is the smallest particle of any element, molecule or compound. Atom can not be further divided. Atoms contains nucleus in its center and electron that revolve around the atom in fixed orbit.

In the nucleus, proton and neutron are present. Electron has -1 charge while proton has +1 charge. Neutron is neutral that is it has no charge. So overall the charge of nucleus is due to only proton, not by neutron. Electron was discovered by J.J Thomson.

Therefore, electron was discovered by J.J Thomson.

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To reduce the risk when working with concentrated acids and bases, it is important to never work with them directly, work with large volumes, neutralize them, and dilute them.

a) Never work with it - Concentrated acids and bases can be extremely dangerous and should never be handled directly.

b) Work with large volumes - In order to reduce the risk, it is important to always work with large volumes of the acid or base so that the concentration is lower.

c) Neutralize it - It is important to neutralize both acids and bases before disposing of them in order to reduce the risk of harm to people or the environment.

d) Dilute them - Diluting acids and bases by adding water can reduce their concentration, making them safer to work with.

To reduce the risk when working with concentrated acids and bases, it is important to never work with them directly, work with large volumes, neutralize them, and dilute them.

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