The controversy that was largely ignited by the arguments between the ethologists and comparative behaviorists was the nature vs. nurture debate in the study of animal behavior.
Ethologists focused on innate behaviors that are genetically determined, while comparative behaviorists argued that behaviors are shaped by environmental factors and learning experiences.
Ethologists believed that animal behavior is largely determined by an organism's genetics, with instinctual behavior patterns being passed down from one generation to the next.
They focused on innate behaviors such as mating rituals, territorial displays, and aggression, and argued that these behaviors are universal across all members of a species.
Comparative behaviorists, on the other hand, believed that animal behavior is largely shaped by environmental factors, such as the availability of food, water, and shelter, as well as social interactions with other members of the species.
They argued that behavior is learned through trial and error, and that animals are capable of adapting their behavior based on their experiences.
The controversy between these two schools of thought has been ongoing for decades, with both sides presenting evidence to support their arguments.
While ethologists have demonstrated that many innate behaviors are present in animals from birth, comparative behaviorists have shown that animals are also capable of learning new behaviors and adapting to changing environments.
Overall, the controversy between ethologists and comparative behaviorists has highlighted the complex nature of animal behavior, and the need for a multifaceted approach to studying and understanding it.
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The Brelands used operant conditioning to train animals to perform various types of behaviors. A problem they encountered led them to conclude that sometimes an animal's _____ behavior patterns, even though not reinforced, can _____ the learning of arbitrary responses.
The Brelands observed that sometimes an animal's instinctual behavior patterns, even though not reinforced, can interfere with the learning of arbitrary responses.
This phenomenon is known as instinctual drift. For example, when the Brelands tried to train raccoons to deposit coins into a piggy bank, the raccoons would often revert to their natural behavior of washing and manipulating objects with their hands, which interfered with their ability to learn the desired behavior.
The Brelands concluded that it is important to take into account an animal's natural behavior patterns when designing a training program, and to find ways to work with and incorporate those behaviors rather than trying to suppress them.
By doing so, trainers can better understand an animal's capabilities and limitations, and ultimately achieve more successful outcomes in their training efforts.
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________ is most associated with the suggestion that discovery learning is an important tool supporting effective knowledge acquisition.
The concept of discovery learning is most associated with the suggestion put forth by psychologist Jerome Bruner. He emphasized that discovery learning is an important tool supporting effective knowledge acquisition.
Bruner believed that learners actively construct new knowledge and understanding through their experiences and interactions with the environment. This approach promotes deep understanding, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.
In discovery learning, students are encouraged to explore, experiment, and question various aspects of the subject matter. They make connections between previously learned concepts and new information, leading to a better comprehension of the topic. The teacher acts as a facilitator, providing guidance and support without directly transmitting information.
This method of learning differs from traditional, teacher-centered approaches where the teacher primarily imparts knowledge through lectures, demonstrations, or explicit instruction. Instead, discovery learning fosters autonomy and self-motivation, as students take the lead in their educational journey. It enables them to develop a strong sense of ownership over their learning process, thus increasing their engagement and retention of information.
In summary, Jerome Bruner is most associated with the suggestion that discovery learning is an important tool for effective knowledge acquisition. This approach emphasizes active participation, exploration, and problem-solving skills, ultimately promoting deeper understanding and long-term retention of knowledge.
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Which book gives us the conversion and missionary journeys of Paul as an example of the power of prayer and the Holy Spirit to spread the Christian message
The book of Acts in the New Testament gives us the conversion and missionary journeys of Paul as an example of the power of prayer and the Holy Spirit to spread the Christian message. In Acts 9, we read about the dramatic conversion of Saul (later known as Paul) on his way to Damascus. This encounter with the risen Christ transformed him from a persecutor of Christians to a passionate missionary for the faith.
From there, Paul went on several missionary journeys, traveling throughout the Mediterranean region and establishing Christian communities in places like Philippi, Corinth, and Ephesus.
Throughout his journeys, Paul relied heavily on prayer and the Holy Spirit to guide him and empower him to spread the Gospel message. He faced many challenges, including persecution and opposition from local authorities, but he remained steadfast in his commitment to Christ and his mission. His example serves as an inspiration to all Christians today who seek to share the Good News with others.
In summary, the book of Acts provides us with a powerful example of the transformative power of prayer and the Holy Spirit, as exemplified by the conversion and missionary journeys of Paul. His unwavering faith and dedication to spreading the Christian message continue to inspire believers around the world today.
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Gang joining typically begins during the transition from elementary school to middle school because:
Gang joining typically begins during the transition from elementary school to middle school for a number of reasons. First and foremost, this transition marks a significant change in a child's life. They are leaving the familiar environment of their elementary school and entering a new, larger school with a new set of peers.
This can be a stressful time for many children, particularly those who may feel insecure or disconnected from their new classmates. For some children, joining a gang may offer a sense of belonging and camaraderie that they feel is lacking in their new school environment.Additionally, middle school is often seen as a time when children start to become more independent and seek out new experiences. For some, this may include experimenting with drugs, alcohol, or other risky behaviors that are often associated with gang activity. Peer pressure can also play a role in a child's decision to join a gang, particularly if they feel pressured to fit in with a particular group of peers.Overall, while not all children who transition from elementary school to middle school will join a gang, this can be a vulnerable time for some. Parents, teachers, and other adults who work with children can play an important role in helping children navigate this transition and avoid risky behaviors. By providing support, guidance, and positive role models, adults can help ensure that children have the tools they need to succeed in middle school and beyond.
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Suppose your roommate is a great student but experiences severe test anxiety right before he takes the exam. This semester, he has decided to try a new method to reduce his test anxiety, and while he is waiting for the exam to start, he visualizes himself in his favorite park, walking along a trail, listening to the birds, and smelling the newly cut grass nearby. Your roommate is using
A great student but experiences severe test anxiety right before he takes the exam jack can do a number of things to reduce his anxiety and do better on the test if he starts to show signs of test anxiety.
He can attempt approaches like deep breathing, encouraging self-talk, visualisation, time management, relaxation techniques, and asking for assistance.An exam serves as a formal assessment of a student's subject-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
It is frequently given in a timed environment and comes in a variety of formats, including essay, and practical assessments. Exams can be stressful, but they also provide students a chance to show what they know and how well they understand a subject. Exams are frequently used to judge a student's progress and subject understanding. They can be used to judge whether a student is prepared to move on to the next level or to gauge their mastery of a specific subject or skill. Exams can have a substantial impact on a student's academic achievement.
Complete question:
Suppose your roommate is a great student but experiences severe test anxiety right before he takes the exam. This semester, he has decided to try a new method to reduce his test anxiety, and while he is waiting for the exam to start, he visualizes himself in his favorite park, walking along a trail, listening to the birds, and smelling the newly cut grass nearby. Your roommate is using?
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In Judges 5, we find out that the Hebrew woman had three major roles that she filled in her life. What were those three roles
In Judges 5, the Hebrew woman is described as having three major roles in her life. These roles include being a mother, a prophetess, and a warrior.
As a mother, the Hebrew woman is responsible for raising and nurturing her children. This role is highlighted in the song of Deborah and Barak, where the mother of Sisera is described as waiting anxiously for her son to return from battle.
The Hebrew woman, on the other hand, is portrayed as a strong and capable mother who raises her children to be warriors themselves.
As a prophetess, the Hebrew woman is able to communicate directly with God and deliver His messages to her people. This role is exemplified by Deborah, who not only prophesies about the upcoming battle with the Canaanites but also leads the Israelites to victory over their enemies.
Finally, as a warrior, the Hebrew woman is able to fight alongside her male counterparts in battle. This is demonstrated by Jael, who kills Sisera with a tent peg and is praised for her bravery in the song of Deborah and Barak.
Overall, the Hebrew woman is portrayed as a multifaceted figure who is capable of fulfilling a variety of roles in her life. Whether as a mother, prophetess, or warrior, she is able to use her skills and abilities to help her people and bring glory to God.
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Traffic control devices include: Signal lights. Traffic signs. Pavement markings. All of the above are correct. Traffic control devices such as sings, signals and markings affect: All traffic. Only selected drivers. Only drivers turning on and off the roadway. Neither A nor B is correct.
The answer to the first question is "All of the above is correct."
Traffic control devices include signal lights, traffic signs, and pavement markings. All of these are essential tools for regulating and managing traffic on roadways.
The answer to the second question is "All traffic."
Traffic control devices affect all traffic on the roadway, not just selected drivers or those turning on and off the roadway. These devices are designed to provide guidance and instructions to all drivers, helping to improve safety and reduce the risk of accidents.
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hich of the following statements about the dangers of tobacco use is TRUE? A. Tobacco use is only harmful to those who use it directly. B. Tobacco use
The true statement about the dangers of tobacco use is that tobacco use is harmful not only to those who use it directly but also to those who are exposed to secondhand smoke. The correct answer is B.
You asked which of the following statements about the dangers of tobacco use is TRUE: A. Tobacco use is only harmful to those who use it directly, or B. Tobacco use.
Tobacco use is dangerous not only for those who use it directly but also for those exposed to secondhand smoke. This exposure can lead to various health issues, including respiratory problems and increased risk of heart disease. So, it's important to recognize that tobacco use has harmful effects on both direct users and those around them.
The true statement about the dangers of tobacco use is that tobacco use is harmful not only to those who use it directly but also to those who are exposed to secondhand smoke.
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Ackerman argues that we need to reconceptualize the problems associated with end-of-life decisions based on our duty to ________.
Ackerman argues that we need to reconceptualize the problems associated with end-of-life decisions based on our duty to respect the autonomy of the patient.
The concept of autonomy, which is closely related to the idea of self-determination, implies that patients should have the right to make decisions about their own lives, including their medical treatment. In the context of end-of-life care, this means that patients should be able to make decisions about whether or not to continue life-sustaining treatment, and should be provided with the information and support necessary to make informed decisions.
This duty to respect autonomy is not only a moral obligation, but also a legal one. Patients have the right to refuse medical treatment, even if it may result in their death. By reconceptualizing end-of-life decisions in terms of respecting patient autonomy, we can shift the focus from the interests of the healthcare system or society as a whole, to the interests and values of the individual patient.
This can help to ensure that end-of-life decisions are made in a way that is respectful and compassionate towards the patient, and that reflects their wishes and values.
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Do children show evidence of believing in a cultural life script (the idea that certain events will happen at certain ages)
Yes, research suggests that children do show evidence of believing in a cultural life script.
These life scripts are created by the cultural norms and expectations of a society, and typically involve events such as graduating from high school, getting a job, getting married, and having children.
Children as young as 3 years old have been found to have some understanding of these cultural scripts, and by age 7-8, children typically have a more detailed understanding of the events that are expected to happen at certain ages.
However, it is important to note that not all children may adhere to these cultural expectations and some may have different experiences and timelines for their own lives.
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______________ is a legal process by which individuals who are deemed to be a danger to themselves or to others may be admitted to a treatment program even though they refuse or cannot consent to the treatment
Involuntary commitment is a legal process by which individuals who are deemed to be a danger to themselves or to others may be admitted to a treatment program even though they refuse or cannot consent to the treatment .
Involuntary commitment laws vary by state, but in general, they allow for individuals to be held in a psychiatric hospital or treatment facility for a certain period of time, typically 72 hours, in order to evaluate their mental health and determine whether they require treatment.
If the individual is found to be a danger to themselves or others, they may be committed to the facility for a longer period of time, often with regular reviews to ensure that they continue to require treatment. Involuntary commitment is typically used in cases where an individual's mental health has deteriorated to the point where they pose a danger to themselves or others, but they are unable or unwilling to seek treatment on their own.
This can include individuals who are experiencing severe symptoms of a mental illness, such as psychosis or mania, or who are struggling with substance abuse and addiction. Involuntary commitment is a controversial issue, as it involves limiting an individual's freedom and autonomy. However, proponents of involuntary commitment argue that it is necessary in cases where an individual's mental health poses a significant risk to themselves or others, and that it can help to prevent tragedies such as violence.
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___________________ is basically the right of individuals to decide how much of their thoughts, feelings or personal data should be shared with others
Privacy is basically the right of individuals to decide how much of their thoughts, feelings, or personal data should be shared with others. It is an essential aspect of personal autonomy, allowing individuals to exercise control over their RIGHTS and THOUGHTS.
In a world where information is constantly being exchanged, privacy has become increasingly important, enabling people to maintain boundaries and protect their personal lives from unwanted intrusion. In a digital age, privacy is crucial for safeguarding one's personal information, as well as preserving dignity and fostering trust among individuals. Respecting and upholding the right to privacy allows people to freely express their THOUGHTS and opinions without fear of reprisal, contributing to a diverse and open society. However, balancing privacy with other societal needs, such as security and the flow of information, can be challenging. In some instances, the need for public safety or law enforcement may require limited access to personal data, making it essential to establish clear boundaries to protect individual RIGHTS. In conclusion, privacy is a fundamental right that empowers individuals to control the disclosure of their thoughts, feelings, and personal data. It is an essential component of a free and open society, allowing people to maintain their autonomy and participate in social interactions without fear of unwanted intrusion.
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Which carative factor is involved in creating a healing environment at all levels, physical and nonphysical, according to Watson's theory of transpersonal caring
The environment carative factor is a critical component of Watson's theory of transpersonal caring, as it recognizes the importance of creating a healing space that promotes holistic health and wellbeing for patients.
According to Jean Watson's theory of transpersonal caring, the carative factor involved in creating a healing environment at all levels, physical and nonphysical, is the factor of "environment." Watson's theory emphasizes the importance of creating a caring, healing environment in which individuals can feel safe, nurtured, and supported.
The environment factor includes both physical and nonphysical aspects of the environment, such as the physical layout of a healthcare facility, the quality of the lighting, the comfort of the furnishings, and the overall ambiance. It also includes the interpersonal interactions between healthcare providers and patients, as well as the emotional and spiritual dimensions of care.
Creating a healing environment involves promoting a sense of calm, safety, and comfort for patients, as well as fostering trust and respect between healthcare providers and patients. This can involve providing education, emotional support, and spiritual guidance, as well as addressing the physical needs of patients.
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Partially due to a study done by Harvard Medical School's Lisa N. Geller, there are now laws in place to prevent:
Partially due to a study done by Harvard Medical School's Lisa N. Geller, there are now laws in place to prevent genetic discrimination.
In recent years, there has been growing concern over genetic discrimination, which refers to discrimination based on an individual's genetic information. This can include things like denial of health insurance or employment opportunities due to a person's genetic predisposition to certain conditions. Harvard Medical School's Lisa N. Geller conducted a study that helped to shed light on this issue and bring it to the forefront of public attention.
The study showed that many people were afraid to undergo genetic testing for fear of negative consequences, such as being denied health insurance or employment. In response to this study, laws have been put in place to protect individuals from genetic discrimination. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) was signed into law in 2008 and prohibits health insurers and employers from discriminating against individuals based on their genetic information.
These laws are important because they help to ensure that individuals can make informed decisions about their health without fear of negative consequences. Genetic testing can provide valuable information that can help people make important decisions about their health, and it is crucial that people feel comfortable accessing this information without fear of discrimination.
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Discuss the demographic characteristics and political efficacy or engagement are used to predict the likelihood of whether an individual will vote.
Demographic characteristics such as age, education, income, and race are often used to predict the likelihood of whether an individual will vote.
For example, older individuals and those with higher levels of education and income are more likely to vote than younger individuals and those with lower levels of education and income.
Additionally, race can also play a role, with White individuals historically having higher voter turnout rates than Black and Hispanic individuals. Political efficacy or engagement, or an individual's belief in their ability to participate effectively in the political process, can also be a predictor of voter turnout. Those with higher levels of political efficacy or engagement are more likely to vote.
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In collectivist cultures that stress interdependence, such as Asian cultures, people are more likely to attribute another person's behavior to that person's __________.
In collectivist cultures that stress interdependence, such as Asian cultures, people are more likely to attribute another person's behavior to that person's "situation or context".
Collectivist cultures prioritize group harmony and interdependence, where individuals are expected to prioritize the needs of the group over their own individual needs. As a result, people in these cultures tend to be more sensitive to situational factors that influence behavior, such as cultural norms, social roles, and the environment. In contrast, individualistic cultures, such as Western cultures, tend to attribute behavior to individual personality traits and internal dispositions.
In summary, people in collectivist cultures tend to attribute behavior to situational factors rather than individual personality traits or dispositions. This reflects the cultural emphasis on group harmony and interdependence, and the belief that individuals are shaped by their social context and the expectations of their roles within the group.
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A breakdown at any point in the interpersonal communication process can affect the accuracy of information being communicated. What is the sequence for communicating a message from the sender to the receiver
A breakdown at any point in this process can affect the accuracy of information being communicated, leading to miscommunication or misunderstandings.
The sequence for communicating a message from the sender to the receiver in the interpersonal communication process is as follows:
1. Sender formulates the message: The sender develops the idea or information they want to convey.
2. Encoding: The sender translates the message into words, gestures, or other forms suitable for communication.
3. Channel selection: The sender chooses the appropriate medium (e.g., face-to-face conversation, text message, email) to communicate the message.
4. Transmission: The message is sent through the selected channel.
5. Reception: The receiver perceives the message through their senses (e.g., hearing, seeing).
6. Decoding: The receiver interprets the message, attempting to understand the sender's intended meaning.
7. Feedback: The receiver responds to the message, signaling their understanding or requesting clarification.
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A toddler wearing a diaper is impatient with the wet diaper and shows a desire to have it changed. Which toilet training readiness does this behavior indicate
The toilet training readiness does this behavior indicate physiological readiness.
Physiological readiness: is one of the fundamental necessities of marriage. It calls for people to gather absolutely matured reproductive organs and system, be potent, virile / fertile and unfastened from congenital and venereal diseases. Physiological elements are techniques that arise internal of the body, usually under the sphere of aware perception. For example, stimulation because of caffeine, hemorrhages, or in reality stubbing one's toe may want to all be taken into consideration physiological elements.
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Kelvin is 71 years old and is taking an adult-education Italian class. In class, he often finds himself having difficulty paying attention, daydreaming, and experiencing intrusive memories from his past. Kelvin did not have these issues when he was a college student in his 20s. Kelvin's experience could be explained by:
Kelvin's experience could be explained by age-related changes in cognitive functioning, such as decreased attention span and memory capacity.
These changes are a normal part of aging and can affect individuals differently. Additionally, Kelvin may be experiencing increased stress or anxiety related to learning a new language later in life, which can also contribute to difficulty focusing and intrusive memories. Kelvin needs to speak with his instructor or a healthcare professional if these difficulties persist or significantly impact his ability to participate in class.
Observing something in the environment, learning something new, making decisions, processing language, detecting and interpreting environmental cues, solving problems, and using memory are a few examples of cognition.
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Many ethnic minorities do not distinguish between mental and physical functioning, and as a result may expect therapists to provide immediate solutions as a minister or medical doctor would.
It is important to recognize that different cultures have varying beliefs and values surrounding mental health and wellness. In many ethnic minority communities, mental health is not separated from physical health and may be viewed as interconnected aspects of overall well-being.
As a result, individuals from these communities may not differentiate between mental and physical functioning and may expect therapists to provide immediate solutions similar to those provided by ministers or medical doctors.
Therapists working with ethnic minority clients must be sensitive to these cultural beliefs and expectations.
It is essential to acknowledge and respect these beliefs while also educating clients on the differences between mental and physical health. By doing so, therapists can help clients understand the importance of mental health and the potential benefits of therapy.
It is also important for therapists to recognize that immediate solutions may not always be possible in therapy.
While ministers and medical doctors may provide quick fixes for physical ailments or spiritual concerns, therapy often involves a longer process of exploration and self-discovery. Therapists can help clients understand this process and provide support as they work towards their goals.
In conclusion, therapists working with ethnic minority clients must be aware of cultural beliefs surrounding mental health and wellness.
By acknowledging and respecting these beliefs while also educating clients on the differences between mental and physical health, therapists can provide effective support and guidance towards achieving long-term mental wellness.
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n the case of the1966 Robbers' Cave study, how long did it take to increase competition for resources and subsequent prejudice between the groups
What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online
The type of integration strategy that the teacher is using is called community integration.
This strategy involves integrating the local community into the classroom learning experience. By linking up with local writers and having them critique the students' stories and provide feedback, the teacher is helping to connect the students with professionals in their field of interest. This not only provides valuable feedback for the students, but also helps them to establish relationships with people who can provide guidance and support in their future endeavors.
Additionally, by having the students post their work online, the teacher is further integrating technology into the learning process. This type of integration strategy can help to create a more dynamic and engaging learning experience for the students, as well as prepare them for the real-world challenges they will face in their chosen careers.
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Some strengths of people scoring high on the Big Five dimension of ______ are critical thinking, preparation, and strong emotions.
The Big Five dimension of Conscientiousness is known for its association with critical thinking, preparation, and strong emotions.
People scoring high on this dimension tend to be organized, reliable, and diligent, taking their commitments seriously and working hard to achieve their goals. They are often seen as responsible and dependable, with a strong sense of duty and a desire to do things well. In addition, they are often able to think critically and solve problems effectively, using logic and reasoning to come up with solutions. This combination of traits can make individuals high in conscientiousness well-suited to a range of professions, from healthcare and education to business and finance. Overall, the strengths of this dimension can help individuals achieve success in their personal and professional lives.
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______% of participants shocked up to the 300-V level in the Milgram obedience experiments, although no shocks were actually administered.
Approximately 65% of participants shocked up to the 300-V level in the Milgram obedience experiments, despite the fact that no actual shocks were administered.
These experiments were conducted by Stanley Milgram in the 1960s to understand how far individuals would go in obeying an authority figure, even if it meant causing harm to another person. Milgram's experiments involved a participant who acted as a "teacher" and an actor who acted as a "learner." The "teacher" was instructed to administer electric shocks to the "learner" whenever they gave a wrong answer to a question. In reality, the "learner" was an actor who did not receive any shocks. However, the "teacher" was led to believe that they were administering increasingly powerful shocks to the "learner." Despite the fact that the "learner" appeared to be in pain and begged the "teacher" to stop, many participants continued to administer shocks up to the maximum voltage of 450-V. Milgram's experiments were controversial, as they raised ethical concerns about the use of deception and potential harm to participants. However, they also provided insight into the power of authority and obedience, and how easily individuals can be influenced to engage in harmful behavior under certain conditions.
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According to expectancy theory, instrumentality isMultiple Choicethe perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome.the value that expected outcomes hold for the person contemplating them.any consequence resulting from performance.the likelihood that a person would repeat an action after receiving negative reinforcement.
According to expectancy theory, instrumentality is the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome.
Expectancy theory suggests that individuals are motivated by the belief that their effort will lead to high performance, which in turn will result in desirable outcomes. Instrumentality refers to the perceived link between performance and outcomes. In other words, it is the belief that if one performs well, they will receive a desired outcome. Instrumentality can be influenced by factors such as the clarity of the link between performance and outcomes, the level of control an individual has over the outcome, and the reliability of the system that delivers the outcome. Therefore, the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome is the main answer to the question of what instrumentality is in expectancy theory.
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Children socialize best if their parents enforce clear standards consistently without harsh punishment and _____.
Children socialize best if their parents enforce clear standards consistently without harsh punishment and with warmth and affection.
Research suggests that warmth and affection from parents is a crucial factor in the socialization of children. When parents provide love and support, children are more likely to develop healthy relationships with others and to exhibit positive social behaviors.
However, it is also important for parents to enforce clear standards consistently, as this helps children to understand what behaviors are expected of them and to develop a sense of responsibility and self-discipline. Consistency is key, as parents who are inconsistent in their enforcement of rules may confuse their children and lead to behavioral problems.
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Valeria is a Hispanic, thirty-five-year-old woman. She cast a vote for the very first time in the 2018 midterm elections. What amendments gave Valeria the right to vote
Valeria's right to vote is protected under the 15th and 19th Amendments to the United States Constitution. The 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, states that "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
This amendment was intended to grant African American men the right to vote, but it also applies to women of all races. The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, states that "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." This amendment granted women the right to vote.
Valeria's ability to vote in the 2018 midterm elections is a result of the efforts of suffragettes and civil rights activists who fought tirelessly for voting rights for all. While progress has been made, there are still ongoing battles to ensure that all citizens have equal access to voting, particularly those from marginalized communities.
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After watching a political debate, William decides he supports the candidate who spoke last. William's candidate preference may have been influenced by the:
As William has watched a political debate, and decides to supports the last candidate, his candidate preference may have been influenced by the recency effect.
The recency effect is a cognitive bias that refers to the tendency for people to remember and prioritize the most recent information they received. In this case, since the candidate who spoke last was the most recent speaker, William's preference may have been influenced by the recency effect.
However, it's important to note that there could be other factors that influenced William's preference, such as the candidate's charisma, their ability to connect with the audience, or the strength of their arguments. Additionally, William's prior beliefs and values may have also played a role in shaping his preference.
Overall, it's difficult to pinpoint one specific factor that influenced William's preference without more information. But it's likely that a combination of factors, including the recency effect, contributed to his decision to support the candidate who spoke last.
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When reporters uncover which party elites and major donors support which presidential candidates, they are reporting on:_________
In the United States, federal election law requires presidential candidates and their campaigns to disclose information about their fundraising and spending activities
When reporters uncover which party elites and major donors support which presidential candidates, they are reporting on campaign finance and the role of money in politics. This information can be important in understanding the political landscape, as it can shed light on the interests and priorities of different candidates, as well as the sources of their funding. It can also be important in assessing the influence of money on the political process, and the potential for corruption or undue influence.
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Howard sets extremely high standards for both himself and others. He tends to be rigid and inflexible and rarely allows himself to enjoy life. Freud would probably conclude that Howard is dominated by
According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Howard's tendency to set extremely high standards for himself and others, and his rigidity and inflexibility could be a manifestation of his strong superego.
The superego is the part of the psyche that internalizes societal and cultural norms and values, as well as moral and ethical standards. It serves as a person's conscience, regulating their behavior and enforcing moral standards. Individuals with an overactive superego may experience feelings of guilt, shame, and self-criticism when they do not meet their high standards or when they perceive themselves to have violated moral or ethical codes. They may also be prone to perfectionism, rigidity, and inflexibility.
Therefore, Freud may conclude that Howard's behavior and personality traits are dominated by his superego, which is excessively strict and harsh.
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