The specific colors of light that a leaf reflects depend on the pigments present in the leaf. Chlorophyll, which is the pigment primarily responsible for the green color of leaves.
leaf reflects green light and absorbs other colors of the visible spectrum such as blue and red. Carotenoids, which are pigments that give leaves their yellow and orange colors, leaf reflects yellow and orange light. And finally, anthocyanins which are pigments that give leaves their red, purple and blue colors, leaf reflects red, purple and blue light. Additionally to these pigments, other substances on the leaf surface can also affect the light leaf reflects. It's worth noting that while leaves reflect visible light, they also reflect other types of light such as near-infrared and ultraviolet, but these are not visible to the human eye.
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The morphology of this cyst resembles Entamoeba histolytica, but lacks ingested red blood cells in its trophozoite form. What is this organism
The morphology of the cysts caused by Entamoeba hartmanni resembles Entamoeba histolytica, but lacks ingested red blood cells in its trophozoite form.
Amoebas are unicellular organisms which are able to alter their shape. They are usually found in water bodies like slow moving rivers, lakes and ponds. They are also pathogenic to humans and can cause diseases like amoebiasis.
Entamoeba hartmanni is a type of non-pathogenic amoeba. Its life cycle is very similar to the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica but it lacks an invasive stage. When in its trophozoite form, it does not ingests red blood cells. The morphology of its cysts resemble that of Entamoeba histolytica. The motility of their cysts is also comparatively less rapid.
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Identify and disucss TWO diferent factors that would affect whetehr the island's fly population is in Hardy Weinberg equilbrium for thr trails above
Two factors that could affect whether the fly population on the island is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are mutation and selection.
The way in which these two factors would affect, if the population of flies on the island is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium would be:
Mutation is a process by which new alleles are introduced into a population, which can alter the distribution of alleles in the population. If a new allele is introduced that provides a fitness advantage, then it could cause the allele frequencies in the population to move away from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Selection is the process by which certain alleles become more or less common in a population due to their relative fitness advantages or disadvantages. If a particular allele provides a fitness advantage, then the frequency of that allele will increase in the population, causing the population to move away from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. On the other hand, if a particular allele provides a fitness disadvantage, then its frequency will decrease, again causing the population to move away from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Learn more about Hardy Weinberg equilibrium:
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A gene for microtubule proteins is being made in a cell. How can mRNA represent an exact copy of that gene
A gene for microtubule proteins is being made in a cell. The mRNA representing an exact copy of that gene is put together using base pairing rules.
Gene expression is the process by which genetic information carried by DNA is converted from genes via messenger RNA to proteins.
mRNA is the molecule that links genes to proteins. The mRNA is formed through the process of transcription from a gene strand. The mRNA is then translated into protein by the joint action to transfer RNA and the ribosome.
mRNA therefore, serves as a temporary copy of information found in the DNA. Thus, mRNA represents an exact copy of the gene and it is put together using base pairing rules.
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Based on the animation, how many electron carriers are reduced in the Krebs cycle only?
a. Six
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
According to the animation, the Krebs cycle is the only one where six electron carriers are decreased.
What is the final step in the electron transport chain when oxygen is reduced to?The electrons are employed to convert an oxygen molecule into oxygen ions at the system's conclusion. Water is created when hydrogen ions (protons) from the surrounding medium are drawn to the additional electrons on oxygen ions.
What forms at the conclusion of the ETS when oxygen is reduced? What is the final electron acceptor of the ETS?An oxygen molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, or the one with the highest or most positive redox potential, at the end of the ETS (O2). This is diminished.
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This is English can I still get help!
Answer: I believe the order of answers should be 2, 3, 4.
Explanation:
Part A seems like it is describing a strange character. Part B is appearing to depict a mysterious event. Part C describes a positive interaction.
(If this is wrong, I am terribly sorry, but I do hope this helps!)
The correct аspect of аn Аmericаn myth:
1. Rip now felt а vаgue аpprehension steаling over him; he looked аnxiously in the sаme direction, аnd perceived а strаnge figure slowly toiling up the rocks, аnd bending under the weight of something he cаrried on his bаck. ⇒ Remarkable, strange, or exaggerated characters (2) and positive message about a nation and its people (4)
2. Her deck once red with heroes’ blood. Where knelt the vаnquished foe. When winds were hurrying o’er the flood. Аnd wаves were white below. ⇒ Set in the past, often remote areas and exiting times (1)
3. Thanks, thаnks to thee, my worthy friend, for the lesson thou hаst tаught! Thus аt the flаming forge of life, our fortunes must be wrought: thus on its sounding ⇒ Incredible, heroic, impressive, magical or mysterious events (3)
The story "Rip Vаn Winkle" is а greаt exаmple of Аmericаn Mythology becаuse of the remаrkаble chаrаcters, the incredible аnd unbelievаble events thаt occur, аnd the fаct thаt it gives hope аnd presents positive messаges аbout Аmericа through the long journey Rip tаkes in the story.
The poem titled 'Old Ironsides' penned by Oliver Wendell Holmes explores the theme of 'pride in bаttle аnd deаth.' The speаker feels proud of receiving аn honorаble deаth. The poem is centered аround а ship thаt served in numerous bаttles but still doomed to be discаrded.
The quote from "Longfellow’s Blacksmith" tells about the Blаcksmith understаnds thаt he cаn forge his own future, by аny method he deems fit. А life worth living will require thousаnds of hаmmer swings, but he is in full control of how thаt hаmmer is swung.
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How do vegetarians get protein without meat?
Vegetarians and vegans who want to gain all the essential amino acids can combine two or more plant proteins.
In order to meet their daily requirements of essential amino acids, vegetarians can eat a variety of meals. Excellent sources of those amino acids are grains, peanut butter, legumes, almonds, pumpkin seeds, and legumes. The amino acids needed by the body include tryptophan, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methionine, threonine, valine, and phenylalanine. One food that has all of these amino acids is quinoa. For those who don't consume meat, fish, or dairy items, pulses are crucial. Eggs and meat substitutes such as tofu, textured vegetable protein, Quorn, and mycoprotein are other non-dairy sources of protein. To receive their protein, vegetarians should eat plant-based foods such grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and soy products. Eggs and dairy products are good sources of protein for lacto-ovo-vegetarians.
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How do events of the rock cycle result in geological features at the surface of Earth’s crust?
The crust of the Earth moves slowly and continuously. Massive pressures drive rocks up, tilt, fold, and break them. The lowest strata become so tightly packed when enough silt has collected and settled in one location that solid rock is created.
What is Earth crust?The term "earth's crust" refers to the planet's thin, rocky outer layer, which makes up less than 1% of both its radius and volume. It is the uppermost section of the lithosphere, which is made up of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. These particles are separated from their source by erosion and carried to a different area by wind, water, ice, or biological activity.
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Permanent hardness of water can be removed by adding
A. chlorine
B. washing soda
C. potassium permanganate
D. bleaching powder
Washing soda can be added to water to dissolve any lingering hardness.
The presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions contributes to the hardness of water. Temporary hardness and permanent hardness are the two different types of water hardness. Boiling the water makes the dissolved calcium carbonate precipitate out as calcium carbonate, which can be used to remove temporary hardness. On the other hand, permanent hardness is brought on by the existence of dissolved calcium and magnesium sulfates and cannot be eliminated by boiling.
Water hardness can be eliminated permanently with washing soda, sometimes referred to as sodium carbonate. By interacting with the dissolved calcium and magnesium ions to create insoluble precipitates, it softens the water.
A,C and D options are not correct. Chlorine is used to disinfect water, but it doesn't remove hardness. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizer and can be used as a disinfectant and treatment for certain water impurities, but it also doesn't change the hardness of water. Bleaching powder is used as a disinfectant and oxidizer, but it doesn't have a role in changing the hardness of water.
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PLEASEEEEEEE HELP GUYS THIS MY FIRST BTOLOGY CLASS! 3
The equation of line when a line passes through a point (-2, 6) and have slope 4, is y = 4x + 14
What is a slope?In mathematics, a line's slope, also known as its gradient, is a numerical representation of the line's steepness and direction
Given:
Slope m = 4
And point (-2, 6)
If a line passes through a point (x₁ ,y₁) and have slope m
then the equation of line is
y - y₁ = m (x - x₁)
Substituting the values,
y - 6 = 4(x + 2)
Simplifying,
y = 4x + 14
Therefore, the equation is y = 4x + 14.
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using the terms antigens and antibodies, explain why the tumor cells are ignored by the immune system in a Tasmanian devil
Answer:
In the case of a Tasmanian devil, the tumor cells may be ignored by the immune system because they do not have foreign antigens on their surface that are recognized as a threat. Without these foreign antigens, the immune system does not produce antibodies to attack the tumor cells. As a result, the tumor cells are not recognized as a threat and are allowed to grow and multiply without being attacked by the immune system.
It is also possible that the tumor cells in a Tasmanian devil may produce their antigens that mimic the antigens found on normal cells in the body. If this occurs, the immune system may recognize the tumor cells as normal and not produce antibodies to attack them.
Overall, the immune system's ability to recognize and attack foreign substances is a crucial part of its function. However, in some cases, the immune system may not recognize certain cells as a threat, leading to the growth and proliferation of abnormal cells such as tumor cells.
What is the chance in percentage (%) that the child being homozygous for the trait?
A homozygous recessive (AA) kid has a 25% chance of being unaffected, a heterozygous (Aa) carrier child has a 50% probability, and a homozygous homozygous (AA) child has a 25% chance.
A genetic disorder or characteristic can be transferred from parent to kid via autosomal dominant inheritance. The genetic disease can be brought on by one copy of a mutant (changed) gene from one parent. A mutant gene-carrying parent has a 50% chance of passing it on to their kids.
Four of the 16 potential gamete pairings from a SsYy x SsYy cross are viable. When the genes (also known as alleles) that regulate how a feature develops are paired in exactly the same ways, the trait is said to be homozygous. Being heterozygous for a trait means having several alleles for that trait. A homozygous characteristic will always show itself in the same way.
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How is natural selection different from genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering uses a process of insertion of genetic material, which does not occur in nature, by a gene gun or other direct gene introduction methods, or by a specially built bacterial truck.
With the aid of sexual and asexual reproduction that occurs naturally, conventional breeding mostly relies on selection. In order to create the desired crops more quickly than through selective breeding, genetic engineering involves directly changing an organism's DNA.
Any form of selection that results from an organism's capacity for environmental adaptation is known as natural selection. Contrarily, artificial selection is selective breeding that is imposed by a third party, typically humans, in an effort to increase the frequency of desirable traits.
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How can matter be arranged, and how do we model the arrangement of matter?
Answer:
Matter can be arranged in a variety of ways, including as a solid, liquid, or gas.
We can model the arrangement of matter using the kinetic molecular theory
Explanation:
Matter can be arranged in a variety of ways, including as a solid, liquid, or gas. In a solid, the particles that make up the matter are packed closely together and are not able to move around freely.
In a liquid, the particles are more spread out and are able to move around a bit more, but are still close together. In a gas, the particles are very spread out and are able to move around freely.
We can model the arrangement of matter using the kinetic molecular theory, which states that the particles in a substance are in constant motion and that the properties of the substance depend on the average kinetic energy of the particles.
This theory helps us understand how matter behaves and how it changes between different states.
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When you don't consume enough protein, your body will start using your muscles and organs as a source of protein. T/F
It is true when you don't consume enough protein, your body will start using your muscles and organs as a source of protein.
A structure composed of amino acids. The body need proteins to function properly. They serve as the building blocks for several bodily components, including the skin, hair, and enzymes, cytokines, and antibodies.
A severe protein deficiency can hinder children's growth, contribute to fatty liver and skin, induce edema, and worsen infections. True deficiency is uncommon in affluent nations, although a low intake can lead to muscular atrophy and an increased risk of fractures.
Additionally, a lack of protein over time might cause you to lose muscle mass, which will reduce your strength, make it more difficult for you to maintain your balance, and slow down your metabolism.
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Assume that a new species of fish has been discovered deep in the ocean. It has a complete vertebral column made of cartilage. Which class should the new species be placed in? Name one other trait you would expect to find in the new species of fish. Explain your answers.
Assume that a new species of fish has been discovered deep in the ocean. It has a complete vertebral column made of cartilage therefore the class which the new species will be placed in is Chondrichthyes and also have cartilaginous endoskeleton.
They are referred to as a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes that have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage and examples include sharks, whales etc.
They usually have a pair of jaws and are found in marine environment. the presence of calcium salts in this type of environment is what gives rise to them having cartilages as their vertebral column and endoskeleton which are the features present in fishes under this class and is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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What 3 features do all mollusks share?
The three common feature of all molluscs are: presence of mantle, muscular foot and unsegmented body.
Molluscs is the name that refers to the organisms of the phylum Mollusca. These are the animals that are invertebrates. The phylum constitutes the second largest phylum of the animal kingdom. The examples include: snails, oysters, clams, etc.
Mantle is the outer body wall of the molluscs. It is soft and fleshy in appearance. It may sometimes be covered by calcifies plates for strengthening. It covers the visceral mass of the Molluscs. This mantle secretes the calcium carbonate for the formation of shell of molluscs.
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In corn, seeds can be either yellow (D) or purple (d). Seed texture can be either smooth (S) or
wrinkled (s). Perform a cross between two pea plants that are each heterozygous for both
In a diploid organism, two alleles for a particular gene are expressed and interact to produce physical traits. A species' observable characteristics are referred to as its phenotype.
The genotype is the genetic composition of an organism, which includes both the alleles that are physically expressed and those that are not. Mendel's hybridization studies show how phenotype and genotype differ from one another. For instance, the diploid genotypes of the plants in the P, F1, and F2 generations are related to the phenotypes that Mendel observed in his crosses between pea plants with different features. We shall utilize seed color as an example, which was Mendel's second feature of study. Two alleles of a single gene control the color of seeds.
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the genetic map distance between two markers?
a) Is inversely related to the frequency of chiasma
b) Is directly related to the frequency of crossing-over.
c) Increases in accuracy as the distance between loci increases.
d) Can be estimated by multiplying the recombination frequencies of subinterverals.
e) Adding the subinterverals is less accurate than a direct measure by a two point cross.
The correct option (B) Is directly related to the frequency of crossing-over.
The procedures used to establish the location of a gene and the distances between genes are referred to as gene mapping. Gene mapping may also describe the distances between various locations within a gene.
The purpose of all genome mapping is to place a set of molecular markers on the genome in their proper locations. Molecular markers exist in many different forms and sizes. Genes may be viewed as a type of genetic marker and mapped in the same way as any other marker when creating genome maps. Gene mapping aids in the creation of unique recombinants inside an organism in a variety of fields of study.
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How do you rule a X-linked recessive pedigree?
Ruling a X-linked recessive pedigree involves analyzing the family history and pattern of inheritance of a trait or disorder to determine if it is likely to be inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.
The disorder can be identified by:
Construct a pedigree by gathering information about the family history of the trait or disorder. Identify the pattern of inheritance by analyzing the transmission of the trait or disorder within the family. X-linked recessive disorders typically show a pattern of transmission in which affected males are only found in the direct line of descent from a female carrier. If the disorder is only found in males and not females, or if it is found mostly in males, it could be X-linked recessive.Exclude other possible modes of inheritance. Confirm the mode of inheritance by performing genetic testing. Genetic tests such as DNA sequencing or linkage analysis can be used to identify the specific genetic mutation causing the disorder in affected family members. Identify the specific gene mutation. With the help of genetic testing and linkage mapping it's possible to identify the specific gene and the mutation that causes the disorder.To know more about Pedigree analysis, click here,
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A couple has a daughter with Turner syndrome, a condition in which only a single copy of the X chromosome is present. This results from nondisjunction, the failure of the X chromosome to segregate properly during meiosis. During which meiotic division, and in which parent, could nondisjunction have occurred to produce a child with this condition
Turner syndrome (XO) in women have to give up end result from non-disjunction for the duration of Meiosis II.
Meiosis II withinside the mother, wherein she may be capable of produce 50% eggs having 2X chromosomes at the same time as the rest 50% will now now not have any X chromosome. When the latter type (O) of eggs fuse with the X chromosome containing sperms paperwork the father, it will be a XO genotype female with Turners syndrome Another possibility is non-disjunction for the duration of Meiosis II withinside the father. In meiosis II, the sister chromatids separate, making haploid cells with non-duplicated chromosomes. There are divisions in meiosis; the primary department is meiosis I: the quantity of cells is doubled however the quantity of chromosomes is not. This consequences in half of of as many chromosomes in line with cell. The 2d department is meiosis II: this department is like mitosis; the quantity of chromosomes does not get reduced.
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The non-poisonous ____ butterfly gains protection by looking like the bad-tasting ____ butterfly, which is a protective device known as ____.
The non-poisonous viceroy butterfly gains protection by looking like the bad tasting monarch butterfly, which is a protective device known as Mimicry.
Mimicry is a biological phenomenon that occurs by superficial resemblance of two or more organisms that are not closely related taxonomically. The resemblance gives an advantage such as protection from predation upon one or both organisms by which the organism deceive the animate agents of natural selection.The predator interacts with the similar organisms and gets deceived by their similarity.
The discovery of Mimicry in butterflies was in the mid 19th century by Victorian naturalist H.W.Bates. Mimicry in butterflies are of two types- Batesian mimicry and Mullerian mimicry.
The Batesian mimicry is when a non-poisonous animal mimics the pattern or coloration of a poisonous or unpalatable animal without actually producing any toxins themselves.
The Mullerian mimicry is when two poisonous or unpalatable animals have the same coloration and patterns.
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The average speed of a dung beetle is 0.50 m/s. A piece of dung is located 10 m from thebeetle. How long will it take for the beetle to reach its hearty meal?
Answer:
20
Explanation:
time-= distance / speed
10m/ 0.50m/s= 20
Which viral life cycle would result in a quicker death for an infected cell? a. Retroviral cycle b. Prophage cycle c. Lysogenic cycle d. Lytic cycle
While the lysogenic cycle results in the integration of the phage into to the host genome, the lytic cycle produces the death of such host.
How does the lytic cycle work?In a lytic cycle, the virus transfers its genome it in to a host cell and starts replication by seizing control of the host's cellular machinery. When the infection is finished, the host cell is lysed, releasing the freshly duplicated and assembled viral proteins into the coastal waters.
Why is the lytic cycle named that?The lysis phase, which takes place after a virus has invaded a cell, produced new viral particles, and ruptured the cell membrane, is what gives the lytic cycle its name. In order to infect other cells, this causes the new vesicles, or viral complexes, to be released.
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What do the numbers on a pedigree mean?
The number on a pedigree mean the number at which the offspring is produced.
The numbers on a pedigree are used to represent the birth order of individuals within the family. Within each generation, people are numbered from left to right with Arabic numerals. Siblings are usually listed by age, with the oldest on the left. Additionally, Roman numerals are used to denote each generation in the family.
The pedigree is used extensively in genetics to track family history of disease in the offspring that are expected. The pedigree analysis serve as a tool in genetics for preparing genetic models to study disease transmission in families. And thus is a vital tool in classical genetics.
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Based on current evidence, which of the following statements about gamma ray bursts is true? A. All those that we have detected occurred in distant galaxies.
B. They come primarily from the Milky Way's central black hole.
C. All gamma ray bursts are produced by supernovae.
D. They occur in the same types of close binary systems that produce X-ray bursts.
Based on the most recent data, gamma ray bursts are real. All of them occurred in far-off galaxies that we have found. There doesn't appear to be any other illumination that we can expect to detect from the sources of gamma ray bursts; they solely appear to emit gamma rays.
What produces gamma ray bursts?Now, scientists are aware that "long bursts"—those lasting longer than two seconds—make up the great bulk of gamma-ray bursts. They are supposed to happen when a large star has run out of fuel. The star's core disintegrates into the a black hole when there is nothing to stop it from being crushed by its own gravity.
What takes place during a gamma-ray burst?Directly directed gamma-rays would cause the ozone layer and a sizeable section of Earth's atmosphere to be destroyed. Photochemical haze would result from the chemical reactions that the burst's photons would trigger. This would significantly reduce the amount of cosmic ray protection we have.
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Calculate the discharge of a stream that has a velocity of 300 m/s and is 25 m wide and 3 m deep.
Answer:
Discharge (Q) = Velocity (V) x Area (A)
Q = V x A
Q = 300 m/s x (25 m x 3 m)
Q = 22,500 m³/s
What is the ratio of purple flowers to white flowers 3 1?
The "masked" (recessive) genes from the F1 generation were allowed to mate, but only once, allowing the other three times to emerge with purple flowers. In generation F2, this led to a 3:1 ratio of purple: white flowers.
A ratio is a mathematical relationship between two numbers that, by definition, illustrates how frequently something has occurred or been present.
669 purple flowers equals
221 white flowers equals
The following procedures should be followed in order to calculate the ratio: Decide which values need to be expressed as a ratio. Make the formula, for instance, by dividing the ratio of two integers. If the percentage is required, multiply the result by 100 to make the computation simpler.
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The complete question is as follows
There are 669 purple flowers and 221 white flowers. What is the ratio of purple flowers to white flowers?
Can muscle tightness cause back pain?
Spasticity, cramps, stiffness, and discomfort are just a few of the symptoms that can result from tight lower back muscles and back pain. These sensations might be constant, modest aches or intense, crippling misery.
What is spasticity?Spasticity is a disorder characterized by an unnatural rise in muscular tone or stiffness, which may impair speech or movement and be accompanied by discomfort or pain. Damage to the nerve pathways in the brain or spinal cord that regulate muscle action is the usual cause of spasticity.
What is pain?Uncomfortable bodily feelings are generally referred to as pain. It results from nervous system stimulation. Pain can be bothersome or incapacitating. It could feel like mild pain or a violent stabbing. Also, possible adjectives for it are throbbing, pinching, stinging, scorching, or sore.
What are muscles?Soft tissue like a muscle can be found in both humans and animals. Actin and myosin protein filaments make up the muscle cells, which glide past one another to cause contraction and alter the cell's length and form.
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The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that cnssits of folded membraes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes
The correct option is B The inner membrane is folded to generate cristae to improve the mitochondrion's capacity to manufacture ATP.
These folds allow substantially more electron transport chain enzymes and ATP synthase to be packed inside the mitochondrion.
he membrane. The more the folds the more the surface area to which more ribosomes can attach. The ribosomes are organelles responsible for the manufacture of protein in cells. Thereafter, the proteins are properly folded by the mediation of chaperones in the lumen of the RER.
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Full Question ;
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?
A) decreases surface area in order to produce more Proteins
B) increases surface area in order to produce more proteins
C) increases volume of endoplasmic reticulum in order to produce more energy
D) decreases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to make more energy
2. Baldness is a dominant trait. Tom's genotype for baldness is Hh. What describes Tom's genotype and phenotype?
homozygous; not bald
heterozygous; not bald
homozygous; bald
heterozygous; bald