Answer:
Complement
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The Complement System: Overview
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Major component of Innate Immune System
Consists of over 30 proteins, which participate in a tightly regulated cascade-like activation process.
Protects host from pathogenic microorganims, contributes to immune complex regulation & is an important link between the innate & adaptive immune systems.
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3 Major Outcomes of Complement Activation
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1. Stimulation of inflammatory reactions via release proinflammatory mediators, which induce chemotaxis of leukocytes (leading to microbe destruction) & inflammation
2. Opsonization of pathogens by depositing fragments of complement proteins on the pathogens, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis
3. Complement-Mediated Cytolysis, via formation of a Membrane Attack Complex, which can insert itself into bacterial membrane & cause osmotic lysis
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Alternative Pathway Steps
Lectin Pathway Activation
Classical Pathway Activation
Terms in this set (67)
The Complement System: Overview
Major component of Innate Immune System
Consists of over 30 proteins, which participate in a tightly regulated cascade-like activation process.
Protects host from pathogenic microorganims, contributes to immune complex regulation & is an important link between the innate & adaptive immune systems.
3 Major Outcomes of Complement Activation
1. Stimulation of inflammatory reactions via release proinflammatory mediators, which induce chemotaxis of leukocytes (leading to microbe destruction) & inflammation
2. Opsonization of pathogens by depositing fragments of complement proteins on the pathogens, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis
3. Complement-Mediated Cytolysis, via formation of a Membrane Attack Complex, which can insert itself into bacterial membrane & cause osmotic lysis
Explanation:
i don't know if It helps you...parang Ang layo naman Ng sagot ko sa tanong mo
This mountain slope towers over a town several hundred feet below. Which two weather events present the highest risk to the town
Which stage of interphase do cells enter in order to stop dividing?
A. G2 phase
B. S phase
C. G1 phase
D. Go phase
Please help
Answer:
Cells enter the G0 phase to stop dividing.
which among the following is not a part of pistil option a ovary option B stigama option c vein option d style
Answer:
c vein option
Explanation:
veins are parts of animals, not plants
why it is important that we have an understanding of geologic time
Answer:
Time is a very important variable in geology because the exact timing of spatially separated events allows us to reconstruct the surface and surface conditions of the ancient earth. Geologic time spans are considerably more difficult to comprehend than historical time spans because they are so incredibly long.
One reason is so that we can fully understand how geological processes that seem impossibly slow can produce anything of consequence. For example, we are familiar with the concept of driving from one major city to another: a journey of several hours at around 100 km/h. Continents move toward each other at rates of a fraction of a millimetre per day, or something in the order of 0.00000001 km/h, and yet, at this impossibly slow rate, they can move thousands of kilometres. Sediments typically accumulate at even slower rates — less than a millimetre per year — but still they are thick enough to be thrust up into monumental mountains and carved into breathtaking canyons.
Another reason is that for our survival on this planet, we need to understand issues like extinction of endangered species and anthropogenic (human-caused) climate change. Some people, who don’t understand geological time, are quick to say that the climate has changed in the past, and that what is happening now is no different. And it certainly has changed in the past. For example, from the Eocene (50 Ma) to the present day, Earth’s climate cooled by about 12°C. That’s a huge change that ranks up there with many of the important climate changes of the distant past, and yet the rate of change over that time was only 0.000024°C/century. Anthropogenic climate change has been 1.1°C over the past 100 years, and that is 45,800 times faster than the rate of natural climate change since the Eocene.
A red blood cell has an intracellular concentration of 300 mOsM of nonpenetrating solute. What best describes a solution containing 100 mM NaCl and 150 mM urea relative to the red cell?
The solution is hypertonic to a solution containing 100 mM NaCl and 150 mM urea relative to red blood cell.
The term "hypertonic" refers to a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution. In this case, the solution containing 100 mM NaCl and 150 mM urea has a higher concentration of solutes than the intracellular concentration of the red blood cell, which is 300 mOsM of nonpenetrating solute.
The concept of tonicity is important in understanding how solutions affect cells. When a solution is hypertonic to a cell, it means that there is a greater osmotic pressure outside the cell than inside. In this specific scenario, the hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes (NaCl and urea) than the red blood cell's internal nonpenetrating solute concentration.
As a result, water molecules will tend to move from an area of lower solute concentration (inside the cell) to an area of higher solute concentration (outside the cell) in an attempt to equalize the concentration on both sides of the cell membrane. This movement of water out of the cell can lead to cell shrinkage or crenation, which occurs when the cell's volume decreases due to water loss.
In summary, the solution containing 100 mM NaCl and 150 mM urea is hypertonic to the red blood cell because it has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell's internal nonpenetrating solute concentration, leading to water movement out of the cell and potential cell shrinkage.
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What is the meaning of reality???
Answer:
life is nothing
Explanation:
i want to die
Answer:
reality means real real things or the real nature of things rather than imagined, invented,
Which part of cellular respiration involves using acetyl CoA to produce energy carriers? A. Glycolysis B. Pyruvate processing C. The electron transport chain O D. The Krebs cycle
Answer: The Krebs cycle
Explanation:
What are the characteristics of a healthy ecosystem? Why is biodiversity
important in a healthy ecosystem?
Plz help ^_^
Answer:
A healthy ecosystem consists of native plant and animal populations interacting in balance with each other and nonliving things (for example, water and rocks). Healthy ecosystems have an energy source, usually the sun. The sun provides radiant energy for producer (plant) growth.
Explanation:
Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play. ... A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops. Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.
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in both mitosis and meiosis, sister chromatids separate during anaphase, but there are four haploid daughter cells in meiosis and two haploid daughter cells in mitosis
true or false and explain why
Answer:
flase
Explanation:
because mitosis produce diploid cells and meiosis produce 4 haploid cells
Which of the following regulate stress response, mechanical lode, hormonal signals, and new bone deposits?
a. Mechanoreceptors
b. Osteoclasts
c. Osteoblasts
Answer:
The correct answer is - a. Mechanoreceptors.
Explanation:
Mechanoreceptors are protein receptors that are responsible for chemical and hormonal signals, regulating the stress response, mechanical lode, and new bone deposits in osteocytes during bone remodeling.
Osteo blasts and osteoclasts are also play role in bone remodeling. The mechanoreceptor is s a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion.
2. What does it mean for a species to have high biological fitness? Explain in terms of survival and reproduction
Answer:
FITNESS IS THE ABILITY TO REPRODUCE FOR ANY ORGANISM
IF THEY CAN'T REPRODUCE THEY WON'T EXIST
Explanation:
Identify and describe the protist that was responsible for the Irish potato famine of the 1840s.
A.) brown algae
B.) water mold
C.) Protoza
D.) slime mold
Answer:
B.) water mold
Explanation:
The water mold is a filamentous fungus like organisms that lives in brackish water, fresh water or wet soils. They are saprophytic, that is, they live on dead organisms. Their reproduction is usually by motile asexual spores (zoospores).The zoospores are of two types namely pear-shaped with apical flagella and kidney-shaped with two flagella on the concave side. Water mold are usually identified by their zoospores.
What does it mean to say science is a systematic process
What processes found at a divergent boundary will help form the following rocks?
Answer:
B
Explanation:
What is a divergent boundary:
In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary is a linear feature that exists between 2 tectonic plates moving away from each other.
They can produce rifts, which become rift valleys.
Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands, which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps that magma rises to fill.
Sedimentary rocks form due to deposition, and accumulation
Metamorphic rocks form in a transformation of existing rock to new rock in a process called metamorphism.
Igneous rocks form through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
When the filled gaps of magma cool off, it will produce igneous rocks.
olecular diagnostic techniques that can help diagnose hemoglobin disorders such as hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias include a) biochemical separation, identification, and quantification of mixture components b) separation of macromolecules and their fragments, based on their size and charge c) DNA amplification, hybridization, and nucleotide sequencing d) The use of specific monoclonal antibodies
Answer:
The correct answer is - a) biochemical separation, identification, and quantification of mixture components.
Explanation:
Most hemoglobin disorders can be diagnosed by molecular diagnostic techniques such as protein-based techniques like electrophoresis and chromatography. Protein-based methods can diagnose early thalassemia disorders and hemoglobinopathies but in the case of α-thalassemia may be masked in the presence of β-thalassemia.
Molecular genetic testing plays a very important role in the biochemical separation of molecules or components, identification, and quantification of individuals carrying thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies traits and other hemoglobin disorders.
All of the following are examples of the functions of connective tissues except
Answer:
can you please show the options
Q.#23.Lymph nodes are soft, small, round- or bean-shaped structures. They usually cannot be seen
or easily felt. They are located in clusters in various parts of the body, such as the: Neck, Armpit, Groin
and Inside the center of the chest and abdomen. At times these areas used to be swollen up for few days and are
gone. Explain why these swollen experiences are important.
Answer:
Lymph nodes swell to protect us from illness if they do not swell non fatal illnesses could spell out death
Explanation:
This organelle is considered the location for genetic material.
Answer:
The nucleus contains most of the genetic material (DNA) of the cell. ... Also located in the nucleus is the nucleolus or nucleoli, organelles in which ribosomes are assembled.
write paragraph about digestion of food in brief
Answer:
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream.
Explanation:
according to wikipedia!
Digestion is nothing but breaking down of substances into simpler forms, which the body can use. We eat many things and they have very complex compounds, our body cannot use these compounds. So, different parts of our digestive system breaks down different compounds to simpler forms, so that our body can use it for different functions.
halamang ornamental na di namumulaklak
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Mga Halamang Ornamental na di namumulaklak;
OreganoBambooSan FransiscoPalmeraCactusAloe VeraFortune PlantSong of IndiaAnahawMga Halamang Ornamental na namumulaklak;
RoseGumamelaCamiaSantanMarigoldOrchidCalachuchi[tex]{\large{————————————————————————}}[/tex]
#Hope it helps⸙
✍Zenitsu2
What is the form of lipids, protein and carbohydrate that can be absorbed through small intestine?
3. Identify the natural cycle that is shown in the diagram. Then, for each box in the diagram, write one or two sentences explaining the labeled process as it relates to this cycle.
Answer:
the oxygen/carbondioxide cycle
Explanation:
decay creates carbon-dioxide, and plants does both cellular respiration and photosynthesis since plants are still alive. and there is oxygen and carbon-dioxide in rocks. basically the living mostly use cellular respiration and photosynthesis and non-living (the ocean and factory) produce oxygen and carbon-dioxide
A key difference between primary cell cultures and secondary cell lines is that:____.a. primary cell cultures tend to stay alive and divide longer than secondary cell lines. b. secondary cell lines are generally cancerously transformed and will divide indefintely. c. secondary cell lines grow slower than primary cell cultures.d. the cells in primary cell cultures do not divide.
Answer:
d. the cells in primary cell cultures do not divide.
A key difference between primary cell cultures and secondary cell lines is that the cells in primary cell cultures do not divide.
hope it helped you
Explanation:
The main difference between primary and secondary cell culture is that the primary cell culture contains the cells directly obtained from host tissue, whereas the secondary cell culture contains sub-cultured cells from primary cell culture.
Receptors trigger one of two effector pathways resulting in changes in neuronal activity. These changes will, ultimately, effect gene expression. Which effector pathway is characterized by ion flux through transmitter-activated channels resulting in an altered membrane potential and neuronal activity
Complete question:
Receptors trigger one of two effector pathways resulting in changes in neuronal activity. These changes will, ultimately, effect gene expression. Which effector pathway is characterized by ion flux through transmitter-activated channels resulting in an altered membrane potential and neuronal activity?
A. Slow effector pathways
B. Modulated effector pathways
C. Rapid effector pathways
D. NMDA glutamate receptor pathways
Answer:
D. NMDA glutamate receptor pathways
Explanation:
The NMDA glutamatergic receptor is a cationic channel receptor modulated by a ligand that allows the transport of Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Under certain situations, it exhibits particular permeability to Ca2+. The receptor has different regions that are susceptible to modulation by endogenous and exogenous agents. The receptor can be found at most excitatory synapses, where it responds to the neurotransmitter glutamate. During synapsis, the presynaptic membrane releases L-glutamate, which is received by NMDA glutamatergic receptor. The receptor plays a regulatory role because activates signaling cascades that depend on calcium.
These receptors are involved in normal synaptic transmission, in a diverse physiological phenomenon, and might be responsible for neurodegenerative processes.
The NMDA glutamergic receptor is characterized by ion flux through transmitter-activated channels resulting in membrane potential.
What are transmitter-activated channels?Transmitter-activated channels are channels through cell membranes which are activated by binding of transmitters.
An example of a transmitter-activated channels is the NMDA glutamergic receptor.
The NMDA glutamergic receptor is a ligand-gated cationic channel that allows calcium, potassium and sodium ions through it.
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what are the three functions if cnidarians gastrovascular cavity?
Answer:
Digestion, distribution of nutrients throughout the body, and it can serve as a hydrostatic skeleton.
plz explain in your own words
what are conjugated molecules????
Can science exist without human beings?
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
science can exist with/without human
Answer:
Yeah I think so.........
Coffee trees grown in the shade of taller forest trees produce fewer coffee beans than trees grown on cleared forestland. However, unlike coffee grown in full sun, shade-grown coffee preserves some habitat for forest birds and other organisms. What is one advantage of growing coffee in the shade?
A. It harms the environment.
B. It provides farmers with greater profits.
C. It costs more than other growing methods.
D. It helps maintain forest biodiversity.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
provides animals with homes letting them breed
It helps maintain forest biodiversity. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
One advantage of growing coffee in the shade is that it helps maintain forest biodiversity. By growing coffee trees in the shade of taller forest trees, farmers preserve some habitat for forest birds and other organisms, which can help to maintain the overall biodiversity of the forest ecosystem.
This is particularly important in regions where forests are being cleared for agricultural purposes, as it can help to mitigate the negative impact on the environment.
While shade-grown coffee may produce fewer coffee beans than trees grown on cleared forestland or in full sun, it provides important ecological benefits that are not captured by purely economic considerations
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Acylation occurs on which type of proteins?
1.cytosolic lipid anchored proteins
2.extracellular lipid anchored proteins
3.transmembrane proteins
4.non-membrane associated proteins
Answer:
answer: 2. extracellular lipid anchored protiens
Explanation:
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Which feature or later is the oldest rock layer diagram
1. G
2. A
3. B
4. M