The light reactions of plants are a series of photochemical reactions that occur in the chloroplasts of plant cells. These reactions convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
The light reactions are divided into two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane and involve the chloroplasts absorption of light energy by pigments, the transfer of electrons through a series of electron carriers, and the production of ATP and NADPH. The independent light reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle, take place in the stroma of chloroplasts and use the ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide and create glucose and other sugars.
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Island Distance From Mainland (kilometers) Area (hectares)
A 50 1 x 102
B 50 1 x 106
C 500 1 x 102
D 1000 1 x 102
E 1000 1 x 106
Five islands, A, B, C, D, and E, differ only in distance from the mainland, area, and species diversity. Which island would be predicted to have the highest species diversity ?O AO BO CO DO E
Island B is the most likely to have the highest species diversity out of the five islands. The larger area and closer proximity to the mainland provide more opportunities for species to survive and thrive on island B.
This increases the potential for a greater diversity of species, making island B the best candidate for the island with the highest species diversity.The island with the highest species diversity will likely be island B due to its larger area and relatively close distance from the mainland.
Island B is located 50 kilometers from the mainland, while islands A, C, D, and E are located at 50, 500, 1000, and 1000 kilometers away, respectively. Furthermore, island B is 1 x 106 hectares in size, much larger than Islands A, C, and D, which are 1 x 102 hectares in size.
The larger area of island B provides more habitat for species to survive and thrive, while the closer distance from the mainland increases the chances of species dispersing to the island. As species are able to move more freely and find suitable habitat in island B, island B is likely to have a higher species diversity in comparison to Islands A, C, D, and E.
Habitat fragmentation can also impact species diversity, and the distance from the mainland may further influence species diversity by reducing the exchange of individuals between mainland and the island. Thus, island B has the highest potential for species diversity due to its larger area and closer distance from the mainland.
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Please help with this!
The mature germ cell, either sperm (male) or ovum (female) is called a(n):
A. gamete B. zygote C. embryo D. fetus
A gamete is a component of a growing gamete, like an ovum or sperm. Ovulation is the process through which an ovary expels a fully developed ovum.
What does the name of the female gamete mean?Both male and female blastocysts in animals are referred to as sperm and ova, respectively. Because each sperm and ova cell has one set of chromosomes, they are haploid cells. When a sperm as well as an ovum combine during fertilization, a new diploid creature is created.
Which stage of pregnancy is ideal?When an egg leaves the ovaries after ovulation, which typically occurs twelve to fourteen days before the onset of your next period, you are at your most fertile. Your chances of becoming pregnant are all at their highest at this time of year.
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Organisms living in a forest ecosystem rely on the Sun as a source of energy for metabolic processes. The following events occur as energy is captured by a plant
and used in the metabolic processes of an herbivore.
Light
[A] Energy is released from chemical bonds.
[B] Energy is stored in large organic molecules..
[C] Energy is transferred to molecules of ATP.
[D] Energy is absorbed by plant cells.
The most likely order in which these events occur is
A) The bonds between chemicals give off energy. occasions happen as energy is caught by a plant and utilized in the metabolic cycles of a herbivore Light.
How do ecosystem organisms get their energy from the sun?Life on Earth is powered by energy from the Sun. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and cyanobacteria convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds like carbohydrates. The biosphere's primary source of organic material is this process.
Which organisms are capable of producing their own food by utilizing the sun's energy?An autotroph is an organism that can use light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals to make its own food. Autotrophs are sometimes referred to as producers due to the fact that they make their own food. The most well-known autotroph is the plant, but there are many other autotrophic organisms.
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Answer:
D
Explanation:
If the cell's external environment becomes very WATERY (dilute) then the outside of the cell will have a higher water concentration. We say the cell environment is HYPOTONIC. Water will diffuse in this case.
Which way is the water going to diffuse?
The cell's exterior cell will contain higher water percentage if the external environment of the cell becomes particularly watery (dilute). The cell milieu is referred to as hypotonic. In this situation, water will diffuse.
A hypotonic solution is what is it?Any external solution with a low solute content and a high water concentration in comparison to body fluids is referred to as a hypotonic therapeutic solution. There is a net transfer of water first from solution through into body in hypotonic solutions.
Has hypotonic water gained?When a cell is in a concentrated solution, water goes out of the cytoplasm when both solutions equal isotonic because the workaround has a greater moisture content than the cell cytosol. When cells are submerged in a hypotonic solution, their surfaces will absorb water.
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Tropical rainforests on the equator receive 12 hours of sunlight every day and the temperature
rarely goes about 34°C. Based on what you know about photosynthesis and the information in the graphs above,
explain how this relates to the high biodiversity (lots of plants and animals) found in tropical rainforests.
Due to its proximity to the equator, the tropical region enjoys a hot climate. In this area, the low temperature is 15 °C. The temperature can rise above 40°C in the summertime.
What is rainfall biodiversity?Rainfall is the total volume of water as falls as showers over the period of a week or a month. Rainfall is gathered from a variety of places and periods to estimate it since quantities might differ across sites and times.
What is biodiversity?Including the animals, plants, fungi, and even bacteria—that make up our natural world. These many creatures and species work together in intricate ecosystems resembling webs to maintain equilibrium and sustain life. Biodiversity is necessary for the survival of everything in nature that we depend on, including food, clean water, medicines, and shelter.
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State one way the two molecules could differ that would explain the difference in their ability to pass through the artificial plant cell membrane.
The two molecules could differ which would explain the difference in their ability to pass through the artificial plant cell membrane because molecule A is smaller than molecule B.
There аre multiple fаcts thаt cаn justify thаt two molecules show the difference in their аbility to pаss through а membrаne:
Size аnd moleculаr weight Receptors on the membrаne аnd the moleculesStructure of the membrаneMembrаne аffinityDifferent molecules hаve different solubility depending upon the type of molecule аnd membrаne. So, the two molecules could differ which would explain the difference in their ability to pass through the artificial plant cell membrane because of the size of the molecules.
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When trees lose leaves in the fall, they begin to regrow them again in the spring. Would you say this is an example of a process running in reverse or something else. Explain your reasoning.
Answer using at least 2 complete sentences.
Answer:
The process of trees losing their leaves in the fall and regrowing them in the spring is not an example of a process running in reverse. Rather, it is an example of a cyclical process, in which the tree goes through a period of dormancy during the winter and then becomes active again in the spring. This process is driven by changes in the length of daylight and temperature, as well as other factors such as the availability of water and nutrients.
During the fall, trees begin to prepare for winter by shedding their leaves, which helps them conserve energy and resources. In the spring, as the weather warms up and the days become longer, the trees begin to produce new leaves, which allow them to photosynthesize and produce the energy they need to grow and thrive.
So while it may seem like the process of leaf growth is running in reverse, it is actually a natural part of the tree's life cycle that happens every year.
The tree has a period of dormancy over the winter and then becomes active once again in the spring, which is an illustration of a cyclical process.
How do tree leaves regrow?It is not a case of a process going backward when leaves fall off trees in the fall and grow again in the spring.
Trees lose their leaves in the fall to start preparing for the winter, which helps them save energy and resources.
The trees start to develop new leaves in the spring when the temperature increases and the days lengthen, allowing them to photosynthesize and generate the energy they require to grow and survive.
Therefore, the tree has a period of dormancy, when trees lose leaves in the fall, they begin to regrow them again in the spring is an illustration of a cyclical process.
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Drag the organelle labels to the appropriate pink targets. Then identify the function of each organelle on the blue target
Please help meeee I really need help i need to turn it in
A. the nucleus stores genetic information B. the plasma membrane controls transport
C. the cytoskeleton provides support
D. the golgi processes proteins
E. lysosome: disintegration and recycling
f. flagellum - motion
g. The mitochondrion, which produces energy.
Cell organelles are the collective name for the cellular building blocks. These cell organelles, which are present in the cells and differ in their forms and functions, comprise both membrane-bound organelles and organelles that are not membrane-bound.
For the cell to function normally, they efficiently coordinate and work together. Some of them work by giving shape and support, while others help a cell move and reproduce. The cell has a variety of organelles, which are divided into three groups based on whether or not they have a membrane.
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explain the cause of imperialism. make sure to discuss all 3 of the c and describe why they were cause of imperialism
Among industrialized nations, economic competitiveness. Competition on the political and military fronts, especially the development of a powerful navy.
What is imperialism?A conviction that those of Anglo-Saxon ancestry are better on both a genetic and cultural level.
The rise of imperial authority and patriotism were the political causes of imperialism. They sought to exert as much power over the world as they could. The size of the country increased with the number of colonies.
Therefore, they searched for key areas where their ships and armies could have access from anywhere in the world.
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Imagine you are stranded on a deserted island with 400 individuals. Once you and the others have built some shelters and taken stock of the island, how would you move forward
The question above seeks to assess your perception of government and your ability to manage a population. In that case, it's not correct for me to write an answer for you, but I'll show you how to create that answer.
Divide the 400 survivors into groups. Determine that each group is responsible for determining representatives, who will form the legislative body. Determine the number of representatives in each group according to the number of legislators you wish to have. You can assign 3-5 representatives for each group. You must divide these legislators into two chambers to maintain greater control of the laws that will be introduced. You can follow the example of the National Congress and research how it is established, to have a basis for the Congress you will form on the island.
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Complete question:
Imagine you are stranded on a deserted island with 400 individuals. Once you and the others have built some shelters and taken stock of the island, how would you move forward? Based on what you know about government, describe how you would set up the law-making body of government for the island’s survivors. Make sure to include the number of members in your legislature, how many houses it will have, how long members can be law makers, how they are chosen, and their responsibilities.
during early development all cells in the embry o of a mutlcielluar organim are indeitcal, Later on in development the cells wil become pseiczlied thorugh a process called
The cells in multicellular organisms are of various types, every kind plays precise functions. These cells can not stay independently.
They characteristic as agencies known as tissues and distinctive kinds of tissues shape organs. Organs collectively shape organ systems The 4 important approaches via way of means of which a multicellular organism is made: cell proliferation, cell specialization, cell interaction, and cell movement. In a growing embryo, some of these approaches are going on at once, in a kaleidoscopic range of various approaches in distinctive elements of the organism. In unicellular organisms, cell department is the approach of reproduction; in multicellular organisms, it's miles the approach of tissue increase and maintenance.
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Which statement best describes the chemical relationship between glucose and cysteine?
(A.) Some of the carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms in cysteine were once part of a glucose molecule.
(B.) All of the carbon-oxygen bonds in glucose become carbon-oxygen bonds in cysteine.
(C.) One of the oxygen atoms in glucose was transformed into a sulfur atom during the synthesis of cysteine.
Answer: Choice A
Explanation:
explain how the relationship between light and pigment production might serve as a protective mechanism
The relationship between light and pigment production can serve as a protective mechanism for plants and other organisms. Pigments absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy, which is then used to drive metabolic processes such as photosynthesis.
This allows plants to absorb light and use it to create energy. Pigment production can also help protect organisms from dangerous ultraviolet radiation. Pigments absorb ultraviolet light and prevent it from reaching the cells beneath. This can help protect them from damage caused by exposure to UV radiation.
In addition, the pigments can act as natural sunscreen, reducing the amount of harmful radiation that reaches the organism’s skin. Pigments can also provide camouflage and protection from predators. By changing the colour of their skin, organisms can blend into their environment, making them less visible to predators. Overall, the relationship between light and pigment production can provide an effective form of protection for plants and other organisms.
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you may have noticed that water sticks to surfaces such as glass,which property of water is responsible for this phenomena.
Answer: Adhesion
Explanation:
Compare and contrast the difference between the Upper mantle and the lower mantle.
The Upper Mantle is the uppermost portion of the Earth's mantle. It is composed of relatively cool rocks such as peridotite and basalt. The temperature is typically between 500 and 1000 degrees Celsius. It is mainly composed of minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and garnet. It is relatively rigid and is the main source of orogeny.
The Lower Mantle is the portion of the Earth's mantle located below the upper mantle. It is composed of hot, dense rocks such as eclogite and dunite. The temperature is typically between 1000 and 2000 degrees Celsius. It is mainly composed of minerals such as bridgmanite, ferropericlase, and magnesiowüstite. It is ductile and is the main source of convection, which drives plate tectonics.
How will the positive and negative transcription factor help maintain the homeostasis of the body system. Explain with an example
The positive transcription factor will help in maintaining the stimulus for homeostasis or even accelerate it. Whereas the negative transcription factor will oppose the effect of the stimulus, it can either increase it or decrease it.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a steady and equilibrated physical, chemical and internal state of the body. The example of positive transcription factor is: activation of one clotting factor in the body initiates a cascade for the activation of all the other clotting factors.
Negative transcription factor has the example of blood glucose levels of the body. If the level increase transcription factors cause the release of insulin from the pancreatic cells to maintain the homeostasis.
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What are the 3 types of adaptations that enable an organism to survive?
Behavioral adaptations, physiological adaptations and structural adaptations are the three types of adaptations which enable an organism to survive.
All living organisms need to adapt in order to survive. There are three types of adaptations which can enable a particular organism to survive and they include the behavioral, physiological and structural adaptations.
Structural adaptations are basically the unique features present in an organism's body which help it to survive in a particular condition. For example, ducks have webbed feet which help them to swim. The changes in different processes that occur inside an organism's body include the physiological adaptations. For example, some spiders change the physiological processes in their body to weave webs using different spider silks. Behavioral adaptations are changes in the actions which allow the organism to survive. For example, coyotes communicate by howling at night.
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How long can killer whales go without air?
Killer whales can't even come close to holding their breath for as long. Their maximum duration is approximately 15 minutes, but we typically observe them surfacing for air every 3-5 minutes when traveling or every minute when moving quickly.
The largest member of the Dolphin family, the orca, also known as the "killer whale," is a whale with teeth. The black-and-white coloration, large dorsal fin, and streamlined body of these large marine mammals make them easy to spot. Bright white dominates on the fluke undersides, ventral surface, and lower jaw. When they are looking for food, the distinctive patterns serve as a form of camouflage to conceal their presence.
Like humans, whales use their lungs to get the oxygen they need from air. However, instead of breathing through their mouths, they breathe through the blowholes on top of their heads, which are their nostrils. Without having to lift their entire head out of the water, they can easily breathe through the blowhole.
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What is the same and what is different about the transcription of a prokaryote vs. a eukaryotic gene
Due to the lack of a distinct nucleus, prokaryotic gene expression (both transcription and translation) occurs inside the cytoplasm of a cell; hence, the DNA is freely positioned within the cytoplasm.
Gene expression in Eukaryotes happens in both the nucleus (transcription) and the cytoplasm (translation).
Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus, whereas Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm. Transcriptional factors are proteins that are required in Eukaryotic Transcription but not in Prokaryotic Transcription.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription Have Similarities. The RNA serves as a template for synthesis in both types of transcriptions. In both transcriptions, one strand of DNA duplex serves as the template. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic transcriptions both generate RNA molecules.
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Treatment of an abscess often requires that it be surgically drained because ______.
O the wall of the abscess prevents proper blood flow into the pus
O the wall of the abscess prevents proper elimination of wastes from the enclosed pus
O the wall of the abscess prevents neutrophils from entering the pus and attacking the pathogens
O the wall of the abscess prevents macrophages from differentiating into monocytes in the pus
Because the abscess wall obstructs adequate blood flow through into pus, management of an abscess frequently necessitates surgical drainage of the abscess.
Which of the below is not an anti-infection chemical barrier?Instead of acting as a barrier, macrophages target pathogens once they have already entered the body. Physical barriers include mucus and epithelial tissue, whereas chemical barriers include saliva and urine.
What type of cell plays the most important role in immunity?The most significant of the three antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells play a crucial role in the beginning of innate and adaptive immunity (see Section 1-6). Macrophages can directly mediate innate immunity and play a critical role in the effector component of the adaptive immunological response.
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This chart presents data on greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activity from 1990 to 2012 .which question would help clarify this evidence
Increased demand for electricity and transportation have led to increased emission of greenhouse gases.
What are green house gases?Green house gases has been defined as those gases that are able to trap and re-radiate infrared radiation back to the earth thereby gradually causing a rise in the temperature of the earth. This phenomenon is known as global warming.
The chart from which the question should be answered is not shown but it must be known that as demand for electricity and transportation increased in the 20th and 21st century, the rate of emission of greenhouse gases increased likewise.
Therefore, Increased demand for electricity and transportation have led to increased emission of greenhouse gases.
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What is an irony definition?
Definition of irony as a narrative character is a scenario in which there is a contradiction between expectations and reality.
A scenario in which there is a contradiction between expectation and realities is what literary irony is defined as. For instance, the contradiction between what something seems to signify and what it actually means. Tragic and comic events are both connected to irony.
The word "irony," which first appeared in the English language in the sixteenth century, is derived from the Latin word "ironia" and the French word "ironie." All of these expressions have their roots in Eiron, a stereotypical figure from ancient Greece. An Eiron figure defeats his adversary by exaggerating his weaknesses, partaking in a form of irony by expressing less than what he really means.
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The best way for a person to get all the essential nutrients and keep energy intake low is to:
A) limit consumption of foods from the grains group.
B) follow the principle of adequacy in dietary intake.
C) follow the principle of variety in dietary intake.
D) choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.
E) eat only natural,unprocessed foods.
The best way for a person to get all the essential nutrients and keep energy intake low is to choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group and follow the principle of variety in dietary intake. So the correct option is d.
Nutrient density refers to the amount of essential vitamins and minerals that a food provides in relation to the number of calories it contains. Foods that are high in nutrient density, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains, are more nutrient-rich and energy-dense than foods that are high in calories but low in nutrients, such as processed foods and sweets.
Following the principle of variety in dietary intake means eating a variety of foods from different food groups to ensure that you get all the essential nutrients your body needs. Eating a variety of foods from the grains group, fruits, vegetables, dairy, proteins and healthy fats will provide the body with all the necessary nutrients.
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If an athlete were using illegal growth hormones to increase his or her muscle growth, he or she would be trying to make changes to his or her:
If an athlete were using illegal growth hormones to increase his or her muscle growth, he or she would be trying to make changes to his or her endocrine system.
A intricate system of glands and organs makes up the endocrine system. Your body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood are all regulated and coordinated by hormones. The following elements make up the endocrine system: Hypothalamus. An growth organ that produces hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream and travel to tissues and organs throughout the body.endocrine system regulate many bodily functions, including growth and development, metabolism, and fertility.
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Production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas which is proposed to be banned in India, is used in which of the following domestic products?
A. Television
B. Refrigerator
C. Tube light
D. Cooking gas
Production of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gas which is proposed to be banned in India, is used in refrigerators.
The correct option is B
What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?Chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are formed as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane. They are fully or partially halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. Freon, a brand name owned by DuPont, is another frequent name for them.
They were used formerly as refrigerants in refrigerators. However, it was discovered that the ozone layer in Earth's atmosphere, which shields the planet from the sun's harmful UV rays, might be destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs were widely utilized as refrigerant gases and as propellants in aerosol sprays when the scientists published their findings in 1974.
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A common feature of starch and glycogen is that molecules of both
a
are important structural components of plant cell walls
b
contain repeated monomers of glucose and galactose
c
form microfibrils that give support to connective tissue fibers
d
store energy for use by living organisms
The ability of starch and glycogen molecules to store energy for usage by living things is a shared characteristic. As a result, option (d) is the best one.
What does the body's glycogen do?Glycogen is a branching polymer of glucose that is mostly stored in the liver and skeletal muscle in the human body. During fasting times and while muscles are contracting, glycogen provides glucose to the bloodstream.
What is glycogen's primary purpose?To assist control your blood glucose (sugar) levels, your body mostly uses the glycogen reserve in your liver. The hormones glucagon and insulin play a major role in your body's normal careful control of blood glucose. Your pancreas releases extra glucagon (glucagon excess) when your blood glucose levels drop too low (hypoglycemia).
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Tropical rain forests are not good for clearing to grow crops or animals, primarily because they are low in which of the following?
a. rainfall
b. soil nutrients
c. wind
d. temperature
e. light
Tropical rain forests are not good for clearing to grow crops or animals, primarily because they are low in soil nutrients.
Tropical rainforests are those that have a climate similar to that of a tropical rainforest, meaning there is never a dry season and there is always at least 60 mm of precipitation per month on average.
The tropics include a wide range of soil types that are influenced by a number of factors, including climate, vegetation, topography, parent material, and soil age.
Although most tropical soils exhibit severe leaching and have few nutrients, some regions have productive soils. Ultisols and oxisols are two categories into which soils in tropical rainforests can be divided. Ultisols are well-weathered, acidic red clay soils that are lacking in important elements like calcium and potassium. Similar to oxisols, which are acidic, ancient, frequently reddish, severely weathered, and leached.
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What will be the result offspring of plants with homozygous tall and heterozygous tall?
When a heterozygous tall (Tt) crosses with a homozygous tall (TT), 50% of the offspring are homozygous tall and 50% are heterozygous tall.
When the same alleles of a gene are found on both homologous chromosomes, a cell is said to be homozygous for that gene.
A person who has two copies of the allele that codes for the dominant characteristic is said to be homozygous-dominant for that trait. This allele, which is sometimes referred to as the "dominant allele," is typically denoted by the uppercase version of the letter used for the associated recessive characteristic (such as "P" for the dominant allele producing purple flowers in pea plants). An organism's genotype is symbolized by a doubling of the trait's symbol, such as "PP," when it is homozygously dominant for that trait.
When a diploid organism's cells have two distinct alleles of a gene—one wild-type allele and one mutant allele—they are said to be heterozygous at that gene locus.
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What gene(s) would be transcribed in a cell in which the green, blue, and yellow activators are present
Gene 4 , Constitutive genes are those that are active at all times. Ribosome genes are one example. They are continually translated because ribosomes are required for protein synthesis.
Promoters are DNA regions that can be identified by the transcription factor protein family. To coordinate transcription, these proteins interact with the DNA (or block them from getting started). To put it another way, transcription factors help direct attention to or away from specific genes.
feedback: A gene's expression can be controlled by cis-regulatory regions and transcription regulators that work in trans.
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