Physical defenses:
Plant structural traits such as leaf surface wax, thorns or trichomes, and cell wall thickness/ and lignification form the first physical barrier to feeding by the herbivores.
Chemical defenses:
Secondary metabolites such act as toxins affect growth, development, and digestibility reducers form the next barriers that defend the plant from subsequent attack.
Answer: leaf surface wax, thorns or trichomes and cell wall thickness/ and lignification
Explanation:
The first line of defense in plants is an intact and impenetrable barrier composed of bark and a waxy cuticle. Both protect plants against herbivores. other includes hard shells, thorns{modified branches} and spines {modified leaves}
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what is cell and its environment
Answer:
Cell and it's Environment refers to the activities of the cell in a given environment or the functions of the cell in a particular condition
in the cross mmnn x mmnn, what proportion of the resulting offspring would be homozygous dominant for both genes? group of answer choices 3/16
In the cross MMnn x mmNN, the proportion of the resulting offspring that would be homozygous dominant for both genes is 3/16. The correct answer C.
This is because there are four possible genotypes that can result from the cross: MMNN, MMNn, MmNN, and MmNn.
Since the probability of getting each of these genotypes is the same (1/4), the proportion of offspring that would be homozygous dominant for both genes is 3/16.
This is because the probability of any given genotype is 1/4, and there are 3 homozygous dominant genotypes out of 4 possible genotypes.
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Intthe cross MMnn mmNN; what proportion of the resulting F1 would be homozygous dominant for both genes?
Select one:
a.none
b.1/16
c.3/16
d.9/16 16/16
the thymus gland a. is typically larger in children. b. is an endocrine gland. c. is seen posterior to the manubrium on axial ct images. d. all of the above
The thyroid is the body's biggest endocrine gland. It is located in the neck and is in charge of producing hormones like thyroxine, which regulate the body's metabolic rate.
What is the purpose of the thymus gland and where is it located?In the chest, between the lungs, is the thymus gland. It produces T lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that are a part of our immune system or aid in preventing infection. The thymus gland was located in the chest, behind the sternum or breastbone, between the lungs.
Where does the parotid gland reside?The parotid glands are located just in front of and beneath each ear. The sublingual and submandibular pairs of large salivary glands are two more pairs that you possess (under your jaw). The Stensen's duct, which your parotid gland joins, is a tube that brings saliva into your mouth and releases it close to your top molar teeth.
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what guidelines can help you get the nutrients you need?
Here are some guidelines that can help you get the nutrients you need:
Eat a variety of foods: To get all the essential nutrients, it is important to eat a variety of foods from different food groups. This includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats.
Focus on nutrient-dense foods: Nutrient-dense foods are foods that are high in vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients relative to their calorie content. These foods can help you get the nutrients you need without overeating. Examples include leafy greens, berries, and lean protein sources like chicken or fish.
Limit processed foods: Processed foods are often high in added sugars, unhealthy fats, and sodium, and low in important nutrients. Limiting these foods can help you get the nutrients you need and maintain a healthy weight.
Hydrate: Drinking enough water is important for overall health, and it can also help you feel full and satisfied, which can prevent overeating.
Consult a healthcare professional: If you have specific nutrient needs, such as during pregnancy or with a medical condition, a healthcare professional can help you develop a personalized eating plan that meets your needs.
Remember that everyone's nutrient needs are different and can change based on age, gender, weight, activity level, and other factors. So it is always a good idea to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.
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Where do differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from?
The differentiated cells of the developing embryo are basically derived from the germinal layers.
Differentiation is basically the process by which a particular unspecialized cell, like a fertilized egg cell, divides a number of times in order to produce specialized cells. The differentiated cells of the developing embryo are derived basically from the germinal layers.
During the third week of fertilization, the process of gastrulation takes place. During gastrulation, the developing embryo or the inner cell gets differentiated into three germinal layers which are the ectoderm, endoderm as well as the mesoderm. All the parts and organs of the body are derived from these structures.
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which type of protein is responsible for transporting sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membranes?
Answer:
The Sodium-Potassium Pump
In active transport, as carrier proteins are used t o move mater ials against their concentration gradient, these proteins are k nown as pumps
Explanation:
Hopefully this is the answer you are looking for.
amylose differs from amylopectin in that amylose ________.
Amylose differs from amylopectin in that amylose forms a helix and no branch points
Amylose as well as amylopectin have been two polysaccharide utilise throughout starch granules. They differ structurally and chemically, but they also share similarities. The primary distinction between amylose as well as amylopectin has been that amylose is already a such a long chain polymer as well as amylopectin has been such a branched chain polymer.
A polysaccharide called amylose is constructed from several D-glucose units. The presence of amylose in the starch causes the color to shift to dark blue or black when iodine is introduced. Amylase is an enzyme that can hydrolyze amylose into glucose units because it is soluble in water.
A polymer of multiple D-glucose molecules makes up amylopectin. Starch contains 80% of the amylopectin in nature. It is insoluble in water. Because the starch granules swell when heated with water, a colloidal solution results. In hot water, it dissolves easily. It turns into a starch paste or gel when it cools.
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hereditary traits are transmitted from generation to generation by means of
Hereditary characteristics are traits that can be handed on from parents to their offspring. DNA, which is found in all living organisms, contains all the instructions required for them to survive, grow, and reproduce.
option A
During reproduction, the parents' DNA, which contains all of the information in the reproductive cells, is passed from generation to generation. Thus, all characteristics are passed down from one generation to the next via genetic material or DNA. A fundamental biological concept called heredity explains why children resemble their parents yet differ from them in some ways. The specific mechanisms through which genes are used to transmit traits or characteristics from one generation to the next are referred to as heredity.
Numerous genes can be found on each chromosome a cell. Every cell of every individual creature contains exactly the same amount of chromosomes. An organism's genetic makeup is passed down from generation to generation.
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The complete question follows
hereditary traits are transmitted from generation to generation by means of A) specific sequences of bases in DNA in reproductive cells B) protein in body cell C) carbohydrates in body cells D) specific starches making up DNA in reproductive cells
Let’s determine the gametes that would be formed by nondisjunction in meiosis I.
Drag the correct daughter cells that would result from nondisjunction in meiosis I.
During nondisjunction, two gametes contain two sets of chromosome and two gametes does not contain any chromosome. Hence, options A and B are correct.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of four gamete cells and a 50% reduction in the number of chromosomes in the parent cell. To develop egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction, this process is necessary.
Cells move through prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase with each round of division.
During nondisjunction, two gametes contain two sets of chromosome and two gametes does not contain any chromosome. Hence, options A and B are correct.
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what is the name given to the strand of dna that contains the information to make the new strand of dna during dna replication?
Which other geographical region or continent is most likely to be affected by industrial air pollution originating in Europe? Use your knowledge of atmospheric circulation to support your answer.
Asia would be most affected by industrial air pollution from Europe since Asia is to Europe's right and the westerlies deflect the air to the right.
What is the biggest environmental issue in Europe?The top environmental concern in Europe, according to the European Environment Agency (EEA), is air pollution, which it calls the "single largest environmental health risk" on the continent.
Both the environment and your health may be negatively impacted. Even if the quality of the air in Europe has improved recently, the levels of air pollutants still exceed both EU criteria and the strictest recommendations from the World Health Organization.
Therefore, Asia is most likely to be affected by industrial air pollution originating in Europe.
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what do experimental results indicate if a bacterial colony grows on eosin methyl blue media and appears as a dark, metallic colony?
The experimental results of a bacterial colony growing on eosin methyl blue media and appearing as a dark, metallic colony will be: The growth of gram-negative bacteria having the ability to ferment lactose.
The eosin methyl blue staining is performed to differentiate between the gram-negative bacteria that are able to ferment lactose and those who are not. The stain prevents the growth of gram-positive bacteria hence it also helps in identifying the gram-negative strains.
Lactose is a disaccharide sugar which can be naturally found in milk and milk products like cheese. A galactose and glucose unit combine together to form the lactose.
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true / false: aldosterone, adh and glucagon all play critical roles in the preservation of total body water (e.g., fluid volume) (select one word answer only please).
Aldosterone, adh and glucagon all play critical roles in the preservation of total body water (e.g., fluid volume). False. Only aldosterone and ADH regulate water in the body, while glucagon regulates sugar levels.
Hormones are chemical substances that are produced and secreted by the endocrine glands and then enter the blood circulation. Hormones are released in response to nerve stimulation directly to the appropriate glands.
Hormones that also play a role in reproduction, growth, and internal balance such as the preservation of water in the body are the hormones aldosterone and ADH. Aldosterone is the hormone that regulates extracellular fluid volume and ADH is a hormone that decreases urine volume. While glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates sugar levels, this hormone will break down glycogen into sugar. Therefore the statement above is false, because glucagon does not play a role in regulating the water balance in the body.
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what happens to the hydrogen atoms once their energy is harvested (in cellular respiration electron transport chain)?
As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water.
all organisms at a given trophic level a. are members of the same species b. interact only with other organisms at that same level c. are the same number of transfer steps away from an energy input into the ecosystem d. interact only with other organisms at that same level
All species at a specific trophic level interact solely with other organisms at that level. Here options B and D are the correct answer.
Trophic levels refer to the hierarchical classification of organisms based on their role in the food chain or food web. Each trophic level represents a group of organisms that share a similar source of energy or nutrition.
Not all organisms at a given trophic level are members of the same species. Trophic levels can contain a diversity of species, each with its own unique adaptations and behaviors.
Organisms at a given trophic level interact primarily with other organisms at the same level. For example, primary consumers, which occupy the second trophic level, typically feed on primary producers, which occupy the first trophic level. This type of interaction is called "trophic cascading."
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predict how antarctic icefish can transport enough oxygen in their blood to meet their needs even though they lack hemoglobin
The Antarctic fish can transport enough oxygen in their blood just by simply dissolving the oxygen into their blood without the requirement of hemoglobin. The cold water has abundant oxygen dissolved in it which is available or the fishes.
Blood is the main transporting tissue of the body the mediates the transport of various nutrient, gases and other molecules to the whole body. Some organisms like human also have a pigment in their blood. The blood is pumped into the body the heart.
Hemoglobin is the red colored pigment present in the blood oh humans inside the red blood cells. This pigment is responsible for the transport of oxygen into the whole body.
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describe the events that lead to the generation of a nerve impulse and its conduction along a neuron
An action potential, another name for a nerve impulse, is produced and carried along a neuron through a number of intricate processes involving ion channels, pumps, and neurotransmitter molecules.
Stimulus: A stimulus, such as a shift in temperature or pressure or the presence of a chemical neurotransmitter, causes the development of a nerve impulse.
Depolarization: When an external stimulus enters a neuron's dendrites, it opens ion channels that let positively charged ions like sodium (Na+) into the cell. The membrane potential of the neuron changes abruptly to a more positive state, a process known as depolarization.
Threshold: When the membrane's depolarization reaches a specific point, or the threshold, additional ion channels begin to open and the membrane depolarizes quickly and completely. This is when the nerve impulse starts.
Depolarization of the membrane produces an electrical charge wave that propagates along the axon, the portion of the neuron that carries the nerve impulse. Action potential describes this depolarization wave. The next location along the axon is where the action potential causes the opening of ion channels, which causes depolarization to quickly spread along the axon.
Repolarization occurs when the ion channels close and the positively charged ions are expelled from the cell after the action potential has passed. Repolarization is the process by which the membrane potential shifts from positive to negative as a result. The cycle then resumes, enabling the nerve impulse to go further along the axon.
Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the synaptic cleft—the tiny area between one neuron's axon and another's dendrite—when a nerve impulse reaches the terminal ends of the axon. The following neuron sends off a new nerve impulse as a result of the neurotransmitter molecules attaching to receptors on the dendrite.
In conclusion, the creation and conduction of a nerve impulse is a complicated process that includes modifications to membrane potential, ion flow, and neurotransmitter release, enabling prompt and effective information transfer from one neuron to the next.
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describe and explain the difference in the aftermath of an electron-hole-pair recombination process in silicon and compound semiconductors ?
Semicodur compounds mainly use GaAs - Gallium Assanaide. The main difference between these two selections - hole pair recombination is that the minority carries life. This is a material property. So it is different for different materials silicon and GaAs will have different recombination rates.
This combination of free electrons and holes is called electron-hole recombination. When recombination occurs, the hole doesn't go anywhere, it just disappears.
This recombination process occurs continuously inside the semiconductor and fills every hole. However, the incoming heat energy continues to create new holes by lifting valence electrons until the conduction band forms electron-hole pairs. The formation of electron-hole pairs and their recombination occurs continuously.
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would it be better to compare your height to that of one or two students in the class or to use the class average as a comparison?
class average
because you have more measurements to go by. so you would rather get an answer that has more numbers that you can go by than an answer that is only based on one other individual.
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the:_________
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is a function of the Golgi apparatus.
In general , the Proteins are rebuilt from the coordinated secretory pathway in the trans Golgi network, there they get packaged to form specialized secretory vesicles. These vesicles, often are larger than other transport vesicles, Hence, they store their contents other till the time any specific signals direct their fusion to the plasma membrane.
Also, many other cellular functions, that includes the taking and transforming the nutrients, the synthesis of new molecules, also the production of energy, occurs in the membranous organelles.
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A contraceptive pill that continuously inhibits the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus will
Contraceptive pills that continuously inhibit the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus will restrict the hormones released by the pituitary that causes ovulation to occur.
Effects of the Contraceptive PillThe progesterone and estrogen in contraceptive pills block luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, respectively. Due to the ovulation suppression caused by combined oral contraceptives, there won't be any fertilization if there isn't an egg.
By a stalk comprised of blood arteries and neurons, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are joined (the pituitary stalk). Hormones and nerve impulses, respectively, go through that stalk from the anterior pituitary lobe and posterior pituitary lobe to the hypothalamus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary's ability to produce adrenocorticotropic hormone. Somatostatin inhibits several intestinal hormones as well as growth hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormones.
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Which of the following is a global sustainability issue that was NOT
identified by the Brundtland Report in 1987?
O Loss of biodiversity
O Climate change
OHuman land use
Industrial pollution
Answer: it’s C
Explanation:
an experiment in which part of a rat's hypothalamus is destroyed to examine the effects on eating behavior utilizes a technique known as a(n): please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices hemispherectomy. lobotomy. lesion. fmri.
An experiment in which part of a rat's hypothalamus is destroyed to examine the effects on eating behavior utilizes a technique known as a Lesion
A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.
The hypothalamus regulates circadian rhythms, appetite, thirst, and body temperature. The study of disorders and diseases related to the neuroendocrine system can benefit from using rat hypothalamus neurons.
For controlling metabolism and food intake, the lateral hypothalamus is well-known. This was learned from studies examining how lesions in the lateral hypothalamus affect obese rats' ability to maintain their newly achieved weight loss and reduce food intake.
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Select the findings of Erwin Chargaff regarding DNA composition. A =T
C= T G=C G=A pyrimidines = purines
In the question given the the statement pyrimidines = purines is incorrect as pyrimidines (C and T) are not equal to purines (A and G) with respect to their molecular structure.
The Erwin Chargaff rule with respect to DNA composition state that The amount of adenine (A) is equal to the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of cytosine (C) is equal to the amount of guanine (G). This is general rule of Chargaff's. Also , the base composition of DNA varies between different species, the base composition is relatively constant is similar species.
Hence , the statement A=T, C=T, G=C, G=A, pyrimidines = purines is not correct. The correct statement will be "A=T and C=G", that indicates about the equal amounts of these base pairs in DNA as per Chargaff's rule.
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in a system where two enzymes are required to produce melanin in the eyes, what is not a way that two parents with blue eyes could possibly have a brown-eyed child? a -- enzyme 1 --> b -- enzyme 2 --> melanin
Both parents have a mutation in enzyme 1 preventing melanin to be produced.
The iris contains melanin pigment, which gives the appearance of human eyes' coloration. This tissue also contains intricate patterns including Fuchs' crypts, nevi, Wolfflin nodules, and contraction furrows. Since the first quantitative trait studies in humans, the genetic underpinnings of the determination and inheritance of these traits have been the focus of discussion and investigation.
Although segregation of blue-brown eye colour has been described using a straightforward Mendelian dominant-recessive gene model, this is too simplistic, and a novel molecular genetic perspective is required to fully appreciate the biological intricacies of this process as a polygenic feature. However, it has been determined that a region on chromosome 15 that contains the OCA2 gene can account for 74% of the variation in the colour of human eyes.
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What is a good example of an effector for blood sugar regulation ? I need a quick sentence.
Answer:
Explanation:
to control levels of regulated variable (glucose) -- usually have one or more effectors that respond in opposing ways. In this case, effectors for uptake of glucose are liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle; effector for release of glucose is liver
Answer: Liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.
Explanation:
What are the 4 fields of anthropology?
The 4 fields of anthropology are: Archaeology, Bioanthropology, Linguistic Anthropology, and Social-Cultural Anthropology.
Anthropology is the field of science that deals with the study of humanity, human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, of the past as well as present. The goal of studying anthropology is to understand the evolutionary history of the humans.
Archaeology is the field of anthropology where human history is studied by the extraction, recovery and analysis of remains from the past. Thus, it is a study of the past cultures. The record for archaeology may consist of artifacts, architecture, biofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology further has 3 sub-divisions: medieval, post-medieval and modern.
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most rna molecules have three phosphate groups at the 5 end, but dna molecules never do. explain this difference.
RNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides joined together in a double helix, while DNA is composed of a single strand.
What is the difference between RNA and DNA?DNA is a double-stranded molecule shaped like a double helix that stores genetic information. RNA is a single-stranded molecule that converts the genetic information encoded in DNA into proteins.
The structural variations between DNA and RNA are to blame for this. DNA is made up of two strands of nucleotides linked together in a double helix, whereas RNA is made up of a single strand. Phosphate groups in DNA are connected to the sidewalls of base pairs, whereas phosphate groups in RNA are associated to the 5' end of the molecule. This enables the RNA molecule to connect with other molecules in the cell more easily and engage in a range of biological functions.
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anatomy which nervous system are the cranial nerves a part of myelencephalon from which brain vesicle does the medulla oblongata develop? drexel
The cranial nerves are a part of the peripheral nervous system and are comprised of twelve pairs of nerves that originate from the brainstem.
The brainstem is the lower part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord, and it consists of three regions: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.
The medulla oblongata, also known as the medulla, is part of the myelencephalon, which is the most caudal part of the brainstem. It is responsible for several critical functions, including regulation of heart rate and breathing.
The medulla oblongata develops from the hindbrain vesicles, which are part of the embryonic nervous system. The hindbrain is the most caudal part of the brain, and it is responsible for several vital functions, including controlling movement and coordination, regulating autonomic functions, and processing sensory information.
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Comment on the importance of scientific knowledge for Aquaculture Engineering.
IT IS FROM THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY COURSE
Aquaculture engineering is a multidisciplinary field of scientific engineering which aims to solve technical problems and problems related to aquatic ecosystems.
What is Aquaculture engineering?Aquaculture engineering is a multidisciplinary field of scientific engineering that aims to solve the technical problems which are associated with the farming of aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates, and algae. Common aquaculture systems are used for requiring optimization and engineering include the sea cages, ponds, and recirculating systems.
Aquaculture engineering provides insights into the biological, chemical, and physical processes which govern aquatic ecosystems and the organisms which inhabit them. Aquaculture engineering can be used to develop new techniques as well for manipulating, monitoring, and optimizing aquatic systems, as well as for the evaluation of their ecological impacts.
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