What are definition of classical and operant conditioning ?

Two categories of quantitative variables are discrete and continuous: Discrete variables are count-based (e.g., the number of objects in a collection). Measurable amounts are represented by continuous variables (e.g., water volume or weight).

Yet the main distinction between continuous and discrete data is that the former has a finite number of possible values that can be counted, whereas the latter has an infinite number of possible values that may be measured.

Quantitative data come in both discrete and continuous forms. The kind of information they represent is the key distinction between them. Continuous data frequently reveals trends in data over time, whereas discrete data typically just shows information for a single event.

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If hops are used in the boiling stage, the percentage of resin used in the final beer as bitters is 25%.

Alpha acids are the main source of bitterness in hops. Isoalpha acids, which are formed from alpha acids during the boiling of the wort, are the main cause of bitterness in beer. See Hop Isomerization and Isoalpha Acids.

Alpha acids themselves are sparingly soluble in water and are only found in trace amounts in beer. As you probably know, bitterness is all about hops. Hops help keep beer fresher longer. It helps maintain foam, which is a key component of beer aroma and flavor. Adds a naturally 'hoppy' aroma, flavor and bitterness.

Hops are the green cone-shaped flowers, or "inflorescences", of the Humulus lupulus plant. They are perennials that deliver a definite bonanza for craft brewers. Hidden within each cone is a small yellow pod or gland called a lupulin. This is the source of beer's bitterness, aroma and flavor. 

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Even though all animals are equal, some are more equal than others. The pigs in George Orwell's Animal Farm came up with this dictum. Because something cannot be more equal than another, this statement is paradox.

Just picture Pinocchio saying, "My nose grows longer now." If he is telling the truth, as he claimed, his nose should lengthen. However, as everyone is aware, Pinocchio's nose only animals when he is lying. This indicates that the statement would have been untrue if his nose had indeed grown longer. You are more likely to avoid a trait in yourself the paradox more you despise it in others.

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Martin Luther King Jr. means when he said that" Judicial decrees may not change the heart, but they can restrain the heartless" that social change is slow, but court rulings can affect the behavior of those who are likely to distinguish.

“ Morality can not be legislated, but behavior can be regulated. Judicial decrees may not change the heart, but they can restrain the heartless ”( Martin Luther King Jr.). This quotation by King describes how morality can not eventually be mandated by laws, but behavior can be.

True morality comes from the heart and laws won’t beget someone to have a morality change. Moral behavior is veritably frequently told by both religion and laws in the way that religion can make people suppose they may be penalized in the afterlife for certain conduct, laws, and both religion and laws have effects that are banned that really aren’t “ wrong ”.

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Well known examples include how Microsoft pushed RealNetworks out of the market for media server software or how it killed Netscape's browser. In the event that envelopment lessens demand for a standalone provider's essential complement, the attacker may be better positioned than competitors in its core market.

By capturing objectives behind the main enemy defences, an attacking force can use the manoeuvre known as "envelopment" to avoid the main enemy defences and destroy the targeted enemy force while it is still in place. On the far left flank, a four-battalion task force kept watch for an encirclement. He was bringing enough fuel with him in a massive logistics tail behind him to be on the leading edge of the left hook envelopment.

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Two typical ways that a service can be classified are:

By nature of service: Services can be classified based on the nature of the service that is being offered. For example, services can be classified into professional services (such as legal, accounting, or consulting services), hospitality services (such as hotels and restaurants), financial services (such as banking and insurance), and transportation services (such as airlines and taxi services).

By degree of tangibility: Services can also be classified based on the degree of tangibility, or how much physical presence or form they have. Services can be classified into tangible services (such as a haircut or car repair), intangible services (such as consulting or counseling), and hybrid services (such as online shopping or banking, which involve both tangible and intangible components).

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When referring to a law, a privilege, or an authority, the verb invoke, which meaning "to call upon" or "to mention," is frequently employed, as in the phrase "invoke prior court rulings." Both "to call to memory" and "to make to happen," as in "evoke memories," are definitions of the verb evoke.

Invoke is used of putting into effect or calling upon such things as laws, authority, or privilege (“the principal invoked a rule forbidding students from asking questions”). Evoke is primarily used in the sense “to call forth or up” and is often found in connection with such things as memories, emotions, or sympathy.

Invoke is used to make a direct request, implement a rule, or cite an authority, as opposed to evoke, which is used to imply something. To invoke is to bring a thought, emotion, or image to mind.

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Answer: Being the same

Explanation:

Made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry

The Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale is a cognitive ability assessment used to measure an individual's general intelligence.

A cognitive ability test used to gauge general intelligence is the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale. It measures five factors of cognitive ability: knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory, and fluid reasoning.

The test is primarily used to help diagnose learning disabilities, determine eligibility for gifted and talented programs, and assess cognitive functioning in clinical populations. It can also be used to help measure a person's IQ. The test is suitable for children between the ages of 2 and 23.

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The sequence that best describes the process of perception is "noticing, interpreting, organizing." (Option C)

When we talk about perception process, we're talking about the method through which a person filters, picks, arranges, and interprets stimuli to give them meaning. Making sense of the environment in order to respond behaviorally in the right way is a process.

Stimulation (knowing stimuli exist) (understanding stimuli exist) Organization (comparing previous knowledge with the stimulus) (comparing existing knowledge with the stimuli) Interpretation (creating sense of the inputs) (making meaning of the stimuli) Memory (the preservation of one's knowledge of the stimulus)

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Momentary time sampling is a type of observation technique used to measure the frequency and duration of a target behavior.

Momentary time sampling is a  fashion used to measure the  frequence and duration of a  behaviour . It involves observing and recording the  behaviour over a short period of time,  generally a many seconds. This  fashion provides a  shot of the  behaviour in a particular moment and is useful for gathering information about the  frequence of a  behaviour.

It's  frequently used in educational and clinical settings to assess and cover  behaviour, as it allows for a more objective  dimension than other  styles.

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A factual book on politics, economics, and the government is titled Capitalism and Freedom. Author Milton Friedman is a proponent of the classical-liberal school of economic thought, which encourages individual liberty by maximizing the efficiency of the free market.

Over two decades after World War II, when people's memories of the Great Depression were still fresh, Capitalism and Freedom were released. In the years leading up to the Kennedy and Eisenhower administrations, federal spending on infrastructure, social welfare, and the national military increased quickly. In various ways, both major parties—Democratic and Republican—supported more expenditure.

The majority of academics backed this and the New Deal based on Keynesian economics. The concept of how competitive capitalism might aid in achieving economic independence is introduced in the book Capitalism and Freedom.

The book lists several instances when a free market can be supported for both theoretical and practical purposes. Friedman supports several ideas, including the elimination of physician license requirements and the implementation of a school voucher program.

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"Members of a deliberating group migrate towards a more extreme point in whatever direction is indicted by the members' predeliberation inclination," according to the definition of group polarisation, is a phenomena.

Group polarisation causes individuals inside the group to adopt new attitudes.Group polarisation, as used in social psychology, describes a group's propensity to take positions that are more extreme than those of its individual members. These more extreme choices tend to increase risk if an individual's starting tendencies are risky, and they tend to increase caution if an individual's early tendencies are cautious.

Example- Discussions and choices about public policy, terrorism, college life, and all forms of violence are a few instances of these. Jury decisions are one example of how knowledge can polarise a community.

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According to Manpower, approximately 20% of Americans typically do not leave their workstation during the lunch hour.

An employee's abilities, accomplishments, and growth are assessed in a performance assessment, which is also referred to as a yearly review, performance review or evaluation, or employee appraisal. This evaluation serves as the foundation for the individual's promotion.

We typically spend 60% of our food budgets on meals and snacks that we eat at home, and 40% of our food expenses go towards eating out.

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This would be an illustration of the false consensus effect if you believed that the percentage of people who prefer iced tea to water was higher than it actually is.

Ross and others The tendency to "see one's own behavioral choices and judgments as relatively common and appropriate to existing circumstances while viewing alternative responses as uncommon, deviant, or inappropriate" . The tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share one's beliefs, preferences, or behavior is known as the false consensus effect, also known as the consensus bias. For instance, a man who suffers from clinical depression might not be aware that a lot of other people also go through periods of grief and sadness in their lives. As a result, he might believe that his own suffering is more severe than that of others.

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"The Spirit of the Laws" is a political treatise written by French philosopher and political thinker Baron de Montesquieu in 1748.

The book explores the nature of government and political systems, and the principles that underpin them. The main idea of "The Spirit of the Laws" is the concept of the separation of powers, which has become a foundational principle of modern democratic systems.

Montesquieu believed that the concentration of power in a single individual or institution is a recipe for tyranny and oppression. To prevent this, he advocated for a system of government that separates the powers of the state into three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. Each branch of government should have distinct powers and responsibilities, and should act as a check on the other branches to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful.

Overall, the main idea of "The Spirit of the Laws" is that a government based on the separation of powers is essential for ensuring the liberty, security, and prosperity of its citizens.

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Answer:

Raging anger may lead to physical abuse or violence. A person who doesn't control their temper can isolate themselves from family and friends. Some people who fly into rages have low self-esteem, and use their anger as a way to manipulate others and feel powerful.

Answer:

According to history, Princess Bhrikuti was married to Emperor Songtsan Gampo in around 638 CE due to the very close relationship of Nepal with Tibet. As a part of the Dowry, Princess Bhrukuti brought Buddha statues of Shakyamuni Buddha statues which were the inspiration by Tibetan Buddha statues in Tibet. Most of the Tibetan Buddha statues are quite similar to Nepali Buddha statues due to various reasons, such as the influence of Newar Buddhist craftsmen who were brought by Princess Bhrikuti as a part of the dowry and another reason would be the influence of Buddha statues of Shakyamuni Buddha. Princess Bhrikuti even brought many Buddhist sculptures from Nepal.

Explanation:

On a video Instruction on EDG2023

Absolute advantage is an economic concept that refers to a country, business, or individual's ability to produce a good or service more efficiently than any other entity.

In other words, it means that a particular entity can produce a certain product using fewer resources than any other entity, or produce more of the product using the same amount of resources.

For example, if a country can produce more cars using the same amount of labor and raw materials as another country, it has an absolute advantage in car production. This means that the country can produce cars at a lower cost and more efficiently than the other country.

Absolute advantage is based on the principle of specialization, which is the idea that a country, business, or individual should focus on producing the goods or services for which they have the greatest advantage. By specializing in the production of goods or services in which they have an absolute advantage, they can increase their efficiency, reduce their costs, and ultimately increase their output and profits.

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In French, the word desk is le bureau, which is masculine.

In French, all nouns have a gender, either masculine or feminine, and it's important to use the correct article le for masculine, la for feminine to refer to them. The word for desk in French is le bureau, which is masculine. This means that if you want to refer to a desk in French, you would use le to indicate that it is a masculine noun. It's important to remember that the gender of a noun in French is not always predictable and must be learned through practice and memorization.

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The phobia of tight environments is called claustrophobia. It can be set off by a variety of circumstances or stimuli, such as packed elevators, rooms without windows, and hotel rooms with locked doors and sealed windows.

Whether it results from agoraphobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia, or a combination of the three concerns, elevator anxiety affects a lot of people. Nevertheless, with COVID, there is a new level of dread because many people believe that elevators pose a significant epidemiological risk.

Oftentimes, claustrophobia takes the shape of an elevator phobia. The fear of being trapped or confined in a tiny place is known as claustrophobia. According to estimates, this type of phobia affects 4% of people worldwide.

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Bombardier Q400 carrying Colgan Air Flight 3407, which was in an aerodynamic stall from which it was unable to recover, collided into a home at 6038 Long Street in Clarence Center, New York.

A scheduled passenger flight operated by Colgan Air, Flight 3407, crashed on February 12, 2009, travelling from Newark, New Jersey, to Buffalo, New York. At 10:17 p.m. EST, the Bombardier Q400 aircraft crashed into a home at 6038 Long Street in Clarence Center, New York, killing all 49 on board as well as one person inside the home. The aerodynamic stall the aircraft reached and failed to recover from caused the tragedy.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigated the crash and determined that the pilots' improper response to the stall warnings was the most likely cause. Involving a U.S.-based airline, Flight 3407 is the most recent aviation accident that caused several fatalities.

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Outgroup homogeneity is described as the tendency to assume that the members of other groups are very similar to each other, particularly in contrast to the assumed diversity of the membership of one's own group.

A few very common examples from daily life can be picked of outgroup homogeneity which are as follows-

1. Women may believe that all men are same whereas they are stating that all women are different in characteristics than the other;

2. Democrats may believe that all Republicans are conservative (which may not be the case).

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Societies make decisions about what type of goods to produce by considering their people's wants and needs.

Goods refers to those items that satisfy human wants and provide utility, such as to a consumer making a purchase of a product satisfies him. There is a common difference between goods which are transferable, and services, which are not transferable. It is an economic good if it is useful to people but scarce in relation to its demand so that human effort is required to obtain it.

But free goods, such as air, are naturally in abundant supply and need no conscious effort to obtain them.

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Slang term was oxford 2022 word of the year is 'Goblin mode' – a slang term, often used in the expressions 'in goblin mode' or 'to go goblin mode' – is 'a type of behaviour which is unapologetically self-indulgent, lazy, slovenly, or greedy, typically in a way that rejects social norms or expectations.'

What is English Slang

English slang is slang in English.

Slang words or English slang are slang terms that have become a habit or culture in daily conversation by native speakers. Native speakers in this case refer to the direction of British English or American English. In short, slang words are often used by Caucasians when talking in their home country.

The word slang is generally used in the context of jokes and even satire. The meaning of slang words itself can change with the times.

Slang is not much different from proverbs or idioms in English. Where has a different meaning than it should. Maybe a lot of English slang already known by social media users.

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Some common strengths are Strong work ethic, Leadership qualities, Problem-solving skills and weaknesses are Perfectionism, Procrastination, Inability to say "no".

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Answer:The Indus River, which begins in Indian-controlled Kashmir and flows through Pakistan on its way to the sea, is Pakistan's primary freshwater source—on which 90 percent of its agriculture depends—and a critical outlet of hydropower generation for both countries

Explanation: Your welcome:) the answer is pakistan

Collaborative publishing refers to the process of multiple individuals or organizations working together to create and publish a written work.

This approach typically involves authors, editors, designers, marketers, and other professionals working as a team to produce a high-quality publication. Collaborative publishing can take many forms, such as co-authoring a book or article, working with an editor or publisher to refine and improve a manuscript, or using crowdsourcing techniques to gather input from a large group of people.

By pooling their resources and expertise, collaborators can create works that are more comprehensive, accurate, and engaging than those created by a single author or organization.

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The Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program is to offer resources and financial support to help people and families avoid homelessness as well as to help those who are already experiencing it find a place to live swiftly and stabilize their situation.

The Homelessness Prevention Fund was created by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the Recovery Act), which was later renamed the Homelessness Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing Program (HPRP). The program helps both households that are homeless as well as households that are in danger of becoming homeless.

Homelessness can increase acute or persistent health disorders because it exposes people to major health hazards and makes it harder for them to take care of their health and seek medical care.

Strategies for reducing poverty, combating violence, and supporting young children are a few examples of primary prevention. These initiatives help to develop assets, improve home stability, and foster social inclusion.

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Understanding how the human mind and behavior have developed through natural selection and how this evolution has influenced the development of human cognition, emotions, and social conduct is the main goal of evolutionary psychology.

Understanding how natural selection has shaped the development of the human mind and behaviour is the main goal of evolutionary psychology. A subfield of psychology called evolutionary psychology looks to evolution to explain human thought, feeling, and behavior. It implies that unique adaptive issues experienced by our predecessors have been solved by the human intellect and behavior during the course of evolution, and that these adaptations have helped us survive and procreate. Evolutionary psychologists seek to shed light on why people behave in particular ways in order to better understand the evolutionary roots of human behaviour. They also seek to discover the common psychological mechanisms that underpin human behavior in all societies and contexts. aided in the advancement of human

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