Answer:
see below
Explanation:
Central dogma of molecular biology was given by Francis crick . According to which genetic information is transferred from DNA to mRNA by a process called transcription , and mRNA to proteins by a process called translation.
Required answer:-
TranscriptionDNA Replication. Gene Translationdna replication is a form of horizontal flow of genetic information. true or fasle?
Answer:
the answer is false I think
during the process of alternative rna splicing, where on a pre-mrna transcript does a spliceosome bind?
Pre-RNA editing takes place in the cytoplasm it makes use of a complex comprising active enzymes known as the spliceosome.
Where can a spliceosome bind to a pre-mRNA transcript?The spliceosome is constructed in stages. The 5' splicing site is first bound by the U1 snRNP, followed by the branch site by the U2 snRNP. The pre-mRNA transcript is bound by many additional snRNPs (U4, U6, and U5) to create the finished spliceosome complex.
What portion of the mRNA does the spliceosome splice out of the mRNA?A protein-and-RNA complex known as the spliceosome recognizes and excises particular pre-mRNA introns during RNA splicing. Introns can be thought of as "junk" sections that need to be removed in order to create the "great parts version" of a RNA molecule.
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5. The basic process of gas exchange requires no structures at all and is
called _
A. gills
B. spiracles
C. diffusion
the following substances all move across the plasma membrane of red blood cells by diffusion. which ones move by facilitated diffusion?
The substances that move by facilitated diffusion are 1) glucose , 2)chloride ions and 3)bicarbonate ions.
Gases (inclusive of O2 and CO2), hydrophobic molecules (inclusive of benzene), and small polar however uncharged molecules (inclusive of H2O and ethanol) are capable of diffuse throughout the plasma membrane. Some molecules, inclusive of carbon dioxide and oxygen, can diffuse throughout the plasma membrane directly, however others want assist to pass its hydrophobic core. In facilitated diffusion, molecules diffuse throughout the plasma membrane with help from membrane proteins, inclusive of channels and carriers. Facilitated diffusion is diffusion this is helped along (facilitated by) a membrane shipping channel. These channels are glycoproteins (proteins with carbohydrates attached) that permit molecules via the membrane.
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Complete question-
The following substances all move across the plasma membrane of red blood cells by diffusion. Which ones move by facilitated diffusion?
1) glucose
2)chloride ions
3)bicarbonate ions
4)oxygen
compare and contrast the structure of a phospholipid and a detergent and explain how their similarities are useful in the study of protein sequence and structure.
Phospholipids are cylindrical molecule.
What is phospholipids?
Phospholipids are compound lipids made of alcohol, fatty acids, nitrogen base, and phosphoric acids. The cell membrane is primarily made up of these complex lipids, which also give the membranes their fluidity. These phospholipids constitute the interior of the bilayer and have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail in cell membranes.
Two varieties of phospholipids exist.
Glycerophospholipids
They are the main phospholipid kinds found in biological membranes. Glycerol-based phospholipids make up this substance.
Sphingo phospholipids
They make up a significant portion of myelin and are widely distributed throughout the brain and neurological system. Sphingosine is present in it as alcohol.
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Molecules called phospholipids are cylindrical.
How do phospholipids work?Phospholipids are complex lipids comprised of phosphoric acids, alcohol, essential fats, and nitrogen bases. These intricate lipids, that also provide the membranes its flexibility, make up the majority of the cell membrane. In cell membranes, these phospholipids, which make up the inside of the multilayer, contain a hydroxyl group and a hydrophobic part.
There are two types of phospholipids.
Glycerophospholipids
The majority of biological membranes include these phospholipid subtypes. This material is composed of phospholipids based on glycerol.
Sphingo phospholipids
These are extensively dispersed all through the brain and nervous system and constitute up a sizeable component of myelin. Alcohol is sphingosine's component in it.
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What are two functions of ground tissue in plants?
A. In leaves, ground tissue helps carry out photosynthesis.
B. In leaves, ground tissue prevents water from escaping.
C. In stems, ground tissue supports the plant.
D. In stems, ground tissue transports water upward through the
plant.
Answer: a and c
Explanation:
which vessel sends branches to the thyroid, larynx, tongue, skin, and muscles of the anterior face and posterior scalp?
The blood vessel that sends branches to the thyroid, larynx, tongue, skin, and muscles of the anterior face and posterior scalp is: external carotid artery.
Blood vessels are the long and hollow structures that run all over the body to transport blood and other substances through it. The human body is comprised of three forms of blood vessels. These are: arteries, vessels, and capillaries.
External carotid artery is the major artery of the head and neck regions. The artery arises from a common carotid artery and bifurcates into external and internal arteries. The external artery further gives off 6 branches and itself bifurcates unto two more branches.
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The sickle-cell mutation may cause medical complications when a person inherits two copies (one from each parent) of the sickle-cell gene. Consider the hypothetical case of baby Terra, and then propose an explanation for how the sickle-cell mutation has been maintained in the human population despite the health consequences associated with the inheritance of sickle-cell disease.
please help!!!!
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
this is because the sickle cell heterozygous have some advantages . take the example of malaria , in case of heterozygotes one gene is mutated , but the other gene remains functional. If plasmodium enters in such a individual, they can't survive since the shape of RBC becomes sickle shaped.
So they survive the malarial parasites more successfully than normal or sickle celled homozygotes .
So nature has maintained this trait despite the health consequences associated with the inheritance of sickle-cell disease.
Also this is case of stabilizing selection where nature favours the mean character.
the process of using swabs to take samples from lesions and then implant them in a growth medium to diagnose certain viruses and bacteria is called
the process of using swabs to take samples from lesions and then implant them in a growth medium to diagnose certain viruses and bacteria is called cultures
The method of using swabs to collect samples from lesions, which is then grown in a specific medium to identify the virus or bacteria, is known as Culture and Sensitivity testing. It is used to both identify the cause of an infection and determine the most effective treatment.
The process you are referring to is known as culture and sensitivity testing (C&S testing). This is a widely used method in microbiology to diagnose certain viruses and bacteria. In this technique, swabs are used to collect samples from lesions or infected areas. These swabs are then placed in a specific medium that promotes the growth of bacteria or virus. This enables the identification of the microorganism causing the infection.
The test also allows for the determination of the most effective antibiotic to treat the infection, hence the term 'sensitivity' . This makes it a critical tool in clinical diagnostics.
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Burning, pulping, and shredding are three ways to securely dispose of data in which form?
Burning, pulping, as well as shredding are the three ways which are used to securely dispose of data in the paper form.
When we destroy data, the main goal is to make the data completely unreadable which is regardless of the form of the electronic media on which the data is originally stored. The process of the data destruction also includes ensuring the fact this data cannot be recovered again or used for any unauthorized purposes.
Merely deleting a particular file is insufficient. When we delete a file on a particular electronic device, we may not be able to see it any longer, but the information can still be found on the device’s hard drive. Physically, when we destroy paper, we can do that by pulping, burning and shredding.
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Toucans disperse seeds of key forest species such as jucara palms in the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest Large seeds carry more resources than small seeds and tend to have a higher rate of survival, especially after being dispersed by a bird. Predict how the local extinction of toucans will affect the palm population over time ?
1. Even though larger palm seeds have higher fitness than smaller palm seeds (in the presence of toucans), smaller palm seeds can more easily be dispersed over longer distances. Therefore, the fitness of palms will increase over time in the absence of toucans because palms with smaller seeds will become more common and reproduce more.
2. If larger palm seeds have higher fitness than smaller palm seeds (in the presence of toucans), then the fitness of palms will not change significantly over time in the absence of toucans because the small seeds will still be dispersed and grow.
3. If larger palm seeds have higher fitness than smaller palm seeds (in the presence of toucans), then the fitness of palms will not change over time in the absence of toucans because the large seeds will still be produced by the palms.
4. If larger palm seeds have higher fitness than smaller palm seeds (in the presence of toucans), then the fitness of palms will decrease over time in the absence of toucans because the large seeds will no longer be dispersed and will have a lower chance of survival
The correct option is (4). Toucans play an important role in dispersing large seeds, such as those produced by jucara palms. Without toucans to disperse the large seeds.
They may have a lower chance of survival and germination, decreasing the fitness of palms over time. Smaller seeds may still be dispersed, but they may not provide the same resources as larger ones and may not be as successful in maintaining the palm population. Therefore, the local extinction of toucans could significantly impact the palm population in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest.
In addition to the decreased fitness of the palm population, the loss of toucans could also have broader ecosystem-level impacts. Toucans are not only seed dispersers but also play a role in pollination, nutrient cycling, and insect control. The loss of these birds could lead to changes in the structure and composition of the forest, which could, in turn, affect other plant and animal species that depend on the forest for survival.
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you and your friend have just finished working out. when the workout is over, your friend purchases a sports drink that contains calcium. after finishing the drink, the release of thyroid stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary will:
The consumption of calcium, including calcium in sports drinks, has no direct effect on the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary.
TSH is produced in response to low thyroid hormone levels in the blood, signaling the thyroid gland to produce and secrete more thyroid hormone. Changes in the levels of other hormones, such as cortisol, and changes in the body's energy balance can also influence TSH release.
It is important to note that calcium is a necessary nutrient that regulates many physiological processes, including muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve transmission.
However, the consumption of calcium in a sports drink after a workout would not have a direct effect on the release of TSH from the anterior pituitary.
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if you changed the base on one side of the dna molecule, what should you do to the other base on the other side of the molecule?
The translational frame is changed when one or two bases are removed, resulting in a garbled message and a nonfunctional product. The reading frame is unaffected by the loss of three or more nucleotides.
A protein is lacking one or more amino acids when one or more codons are deleted.
A DNA molecule is made up of two long polynucleotide chains made up of four different types of nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is referred to as a DNA chain or strand. The two chains are held together by hydrogen bonds formed between the base regions of the nucleotides. Bases interact via weak interactions known as hydrogen bonds, which may be quickly broken and rebuilt.
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which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues?
Answer:
IF is a solution that fills spaces between cells within tissues
Explanation:
what information is presented on the y-axis? what information is presented on the y-axis? the distance from the mainland the rate of immigration or extinction the number of species per island the size of the island
As stated in the question, the enormous island is near to the mainland.
Based on the rate of species immigration and extinction on an island, the island equilibrium model estimates the number of species there. It has been noted that the rate of immigration starts to decline as the number of species rises. This is because the likelihood of intraspecific competition rises as more and more species migrate. Additionally, as a new area gets colonised, there is greater competition, which raises the rate of extinction. Furthermore, the distance between an island and the mainland is the key element that influences immigration and extinction rates. New immigrants to the island come from the mainland. assuming that every new species must move to the island
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Of the following sources, which supplies the most commercial energy in the world today?
Oil
Nuclear
Hydroelectric
The answer is Oil. The most commercial energy in the world today that supplies is oil.
Crude oil is currently the most used energy resource in the world. It is used in many countries to power cars, planes, ships and other means of transport and to generate electricity. It is also used to manufacture a variety of products, including plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals. Oil is a non-renewable resource, which means that once it is extracted from the earth, it cannot be replenished.
It's also a finite resource,Despite these disadvantages, oil remains the most commercially viable source of energy today due to its relatively low cost and abundance. Crude oil is extracted from the ground in large quantities and then transported to refineries where it is processed and refined into a variety of products. This makes it a very valuable resource that is vital to the global economy.
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Which alga is most closely related to plants?
A) Chara
B) Kelp
C) Ulva
D) Diatom
E) Euglena
The alga that is most closely related to plants is Chara. Chara is a freshwater green alga that is commonly known as "stoneworts". Here option A is the correct answer.
While Chara shares many similarities with other green algae, it also exhibits several plant-like characteristics that suggest a close evolutionary relationship to plants. For example, Chara has multicellular structures, and similar cell walls, and possesses the enzyme cellulose synthase, which is essential for cell wall formation in plants.
Molecular and genetic analyses have also confirmed the close evolutionary relationship between Chara and plants. Studies of their DNA and gene sequences have shown that Chara shares many genes with plants that are involved in key metabolic and developmental pathways, such as photosynthesis and cell differentiation.
While other algae, such as kelp, Ulva, diatoms, and Euglena, have their own unique characteristics and evolutionary histories, they are not as closely related to plants as Chara. Overall, Chara serves as a critical model organism for understanding the evolutionary transition from algae to plants and sheds light on the fundamental mechanisms that underlie plant development and physiology.
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if thymine makes up 23% of the dna nucleotides in the genome of a plant species, what are the percentages of the other nucleotides in the genome?
In a plant species, the genome would be made up of the following nucleotides Adenine - 25.67%, Cytosine - 25.67%, and Guanine - 25.67%. Thymine - 23%
The genome of a plant species is made up of four different nucleotides: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). If the percentage of thymine in the genome is 23%, then the percentages of the other nucleotides can be calculated by subtracting the percentage of thymine from 100%.
So, the percentage of adenine, cytosine, and guanine in the genome would be:
100% - 23% = 77%
This 77% is then divided equally among adenine, cytosine, and guanine, so each of these nucleotides would make up:
77% / 3 = 25.67%
It is important to note that while these numbers are a rough estimate, the exact ratios of the different nucleotides in a genome can vary between species and can also vary within individuals of the same species. The ratios of the different nucleotides can have an impact on the function and stability of the genome, and deviations from the expected ratios can be a sign of genetic diseases or other health problems.
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What are 5 examples of homologous structures?
mosquito larvae are aquatic and they obtain oxygen from the air using gills that act like a group of answer choices scuba snorkel air bubble
Mosquito larvae are aquatic and they obtain oxygen from the air using gills that act like a "snorkel."
Because mosquito larvae lack lungs and a circulatory system, they must breathe through specialized organs called tracheal gills. The mosquito larva's abdomen is home to these gills, which are made up of protruding, long projections that resemble hair. Similar to how a snorkel enables a swimmer to breathe air from the surface while submerged, the mosquito larva's gills allow it to draw oxygen from the air that is dissolved in the water.
When the water is still or has little oxygen, mosquito larvae can breathe thanks to their tracheal gills. Even in low-oxygen surrounding water, the larvae can draw oxygen from the air by projecting their gills into it.
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Correct following sentence: "Xylem carries a two way flow of water and minerals".
The Correct sentence is as: "Xylem carries a one-way flow of water and minerals".
The only way for water to move up a plant is through the xylem, which is why it is unidirectional. Phloem, on the other hand, may go in both directions and delivers food and nutrients to all parts of the plant. Phloem is made up of living cells while mature xylem is made up of dead cells that do not have cell contents (albeit without nuclei).
The specialized tissue of vascular plants known as the xylem is responsible for providing mechanical support and storage, in addition to transporting water and nutrients from the plant-soil contact to the stems and leaves of the plant.
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Gas particles do not respond to heat the same way people do. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Provide an example in your explanation.
Answer in complete sentences
No, it's false
Explanation:
Gas particles respond to the heat in the system.
This leads to follow the kinetic theory of gases. People interact most where the situation is going wrong and think to take them as dominant over that system
Which endocrine organ synthesizes the hormone oxytocin?
in the aquatics article, which organism was interfering with natural regulation of the azolla fern by its insect herbivores?
Answer:
Fire Ants
Here you go!
The interference of Anabaena azollae with the natural regulation of Azolla fern by its insect herbivores can have detrimental effects on the health and balance of freshwater ecosystems. It is essential to understand the dynamics between these organisms to develop effective strategies for the sustainable management of aquatic environments.
Aquatic plants play a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of freshwater ecosystems. One such plant is the Azolla fern, which is an excellent source of food for many herbivorous aquatic insects. However, a recent study has found that the natural regulation of Azolla fern by its insect herbivores is being interfered with by a particular organism.
The organism in question is a type of bacteria called Anabaena azollae, which forms a symbiotic relationship with Azolla fern. This bacteria is responsible for fixing nitrogen, which the fern requires for growth. However, in some cases, the bacteria can grow uncontrollably and cause harm to the fern.
The problem arises when the bacteria overgrows and starts producing chemicals that repel the insect herbivores that would otherwise feed on the fern. This interference with the natural regulation of the Azolla fern can lead to overgrowth and, ultimately, damage to the freshwater ecosystem.
Furthermore, the excessive growth of Anabaena azollae can also cause oxygen depletion in the water, leading to the death of other aquatic organisms that require oxygen to survive.
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how long after embryo transfer does implantation occur?
Answer:
Around one to five days
what cell regulates cytoplasm composition
The cytoplasm is the sticky liquid that fills the inside of a cell. It is serene of water, salts, and several organic molecules.
What is the composition of cell cytoplasm?One main part of the cytoplasm in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the gel-like cytosol, a water-establish solution that carries ions, small molecules, and macromolecules. In eukaryotes, the cytoplasm also involves membrane-bound organelles, which are hung in the cytosol.
The nuclear pore is a protein-lined transit in the nuclear envelope that adjusts the transportation of molecules in the center of the nucleus and the cytoplasm. the nucleus and mitochondria are nearby by membranes that separate them from the cytoplasm.
So we can conclude that The cytoplasm is conducted for the estate of the part of the cell and protecting them from destruction.
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Why is it important for dna to unwind before replication?
The unwinding of the DNA permits replication machinery to have access to the newly single strands.
A double-stranded DNA molecule is duplicated during DNA replication (by a variety of proteins) to create an identical double-stranded DNA molecule (so whereas the cell started with one copy, it ended up with two identical copies).
Cell division would not be possible without DNA replication, hence it is crucial. In other words, either one cell would receive all the DNA while the other received none, preventing true cell division, or each cell would receive just half the DNA it requires, preventing the daughter cells from surviving (also leading to the death of both daughter cells).
DNA replication allows cells to replicate their whole set of DNA so that when they divide, each new cell has its own complete set of DNA. In theory, this allows for endless cell division.
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Remnants of osteons, which have been almost completely recycled by osteoclasts, are known as __________.A. concentric lamellaeB. interstitial lamellaeC. perforating canalsD. circumferential lamellae
Remnants of osteons, which have been almost completely recycled by osteoclasts, are known as (Option C.) interstitial lamellae.
Systems of canaliculi that resemble a broomstick are responsible for supplying the interstitial lamellae of cortical bone that are located in the shafts of long bones. There are a lot of canaliculi in the handle of the broom, and they open into a transverse communication between the longitudinal vascular canals of the osteons.
Nobody has ever before documented the presence of these networks of canaliculi. Their presence presents a challenge to the prevalent theory that interstitial lamellae are nothing more than the skeletal remnants of osteons that have been partially resorbed as a result of the remodeling process that occurs in bone.
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Which of the following compounds are examples of nucleic acids? Select all that apply.
a. Polysaccharides
b. ribonucleic acid (RNA)
c. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
d. amino acids
e. fatty acids
Answer:
B and C
Explanation:
Polysaccharides - Polysaccharides are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long-chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) - Ribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - DNA is also a nucleic acid, but unlike RNA, however, DNA is most often double -stranded. An RNA molecule has a backbone made of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA.
Amino acids - Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left.
Fatty acids - Fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat, called lipids. During digestion, the body breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can then be absorbed into the blood. Fatty acid molecules are usually joined together in groups of three, forming a molecule called a triglyceride.
what is the broadest category of classification in taxonomy?(1 point) responses species species order order domain domain kingdom
C) domain is the broadest category of classification in taxonomy.
In general the broadest category to classify in taxonomical term is domain, and all the other levels of classification comes under the domain. There are Mainly three domains in the taxonomy that include every living forms on the Earth. The domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Hence , the broadest classification level in biology is the first level, known as the domain. All living things on Earth are differentiated accordingly to their characteristics and properties in to three distinct domain , under the domain comes kingdom , order and species .
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