Engineering College

water flows from a tank through a pipe section as shown below. points 1 and 2 are located at the same vertical height and the pressure gauges are mounted at the same vertical position. if the water velocity at point 1 is negligible, frictional losses are essentially zero, and there are no entrance/exit effects in the tank and pipe, how is the pressure at points 1 and 2 related?\

Answers

Answer 1

In a fluid system, pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the fluid on a given point. The pressure at a given point in a fluid system is proportional to the fluid's potential energy and is determined by its height relative to a reference point.

In the case of the water tank and pipe system described, point 1 is located at the same height as point 2, which means that the fluid's potential energy is the same at both points. However, when the water flows through the pipe, its velocity increases due to the constriction of the pipe. This increase in velocity causes a decrease in pressure, known as the Bernoulli effect.

According to the Bernoulli equation, the pressure at point 2 will be lower than the pressure at point 1. This relationship can be mathematically expressed as P1 + 0.5 * ρ * v1^2 = P2 + 0.5 * ρ * v2^2, where P is pressure, ρ is fluid density, and v is velocity.

In the equation, the pressure at point 1 is represented by P1, while the pressure at point 2 is represented by P2. The velocity of the fluid at point 1 is negligible and is represented by v1, while the velocity of the fluid at point 2 is represented by v2. The equation shows that as the velocity of the fluid increases, the pressure decreases.

It's important to note that friction losses and entrance/exit effects in the tank and pipe can also affect the pressure at points 1 and 2. Frictional losses can cause a decrease in pressure due to the friction between the fluid and the walls of the pipe. Entrance/exit effects can cause a decrease in pressure due to the fluid's acceleration or deceleration as it enters or exits the tank or pipe.

In conclusion, the pressure at points 1 and 2 in the water tank and pipe system is related by the Bernoulli equation, with the pressure at point 2 being lower than the pressure at point 1 due to the increase in velocity of the fluid as it flows through the pipe. Frictional losses and entrance/exit effects can also affect the pressure at points 1 and 2.

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Related Questions

cheminform abstract: mild and chemoselective lactone ring-opening with (tms)ona. mechanistic studies and application to sweroside derivatives

Answers

This article discusses the use of (tms)ona (a specific reagent) as a mild and chemoselective method for lactone ring-opening reactions.

What are Lactones?

Lactones are a type of organic compounds with a cyclic ester functional group and ring-opening reactions refer to the process of breaking the ring structure to produce a linear compound.

The use of (tms)ona as a reagent for this process has been shown to be mild, meaning that it does not lead to significant side reactions or damage to sensitive functional groups, and chemoselective, meaning that it preferentially reacts with lactones over other functional groups.

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