__________ was responsible for consolidating Russia's gains in the early 1700s and in making a European-style state out of the loosely knit country.

The Cherokees challenged the Indian Removal Act before the Supreme Court in the case of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia on the grounds that they were a sovereign nation and therefore not subject to state laws, including the Indian Removal Act.

The Cherokees challenged the Indian Removal Act before the Supreme Court on the grounds that they were a sovereign nation and had the right to self-governance, and that the Act violated their rights established by treaties with the United States.

In the case of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), the Cherokee Nation argued that they were a sovereign nation, meaning they had the authority to govern themselves and make their own laws. They believed that the Indian Removal Act, which aimed to force Native American tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi River, violated their rights as a sovereign nation.

Additionally, the Cherokees pointed to treaties they had previously established with the United States government, such as the Treaty of Hopewell (1785) and the Treaty of Holston (1791). These treaties recognized the Cherokee Nation's sovereignty and established boundaries for their lands. The Cherokee Nation argued that the Indian Removal Act violated these treaties and was therefore unconstitutional.

Unfortunately, the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was a "domestic dependent nation" and not a sovereign nation. As a result, the court decided that it did not have jurisdiction over the case, and the Indian Removal Act was not directly challenged.

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Andrew Jackson and his military commanders underestimated the strength of the Seminole Indians in Florida during the Second Seminole War in the 1830s due to a combination of factors.

These include misconceptions about the Seminoles' military capabilities, their knowledge of the Florida terrain, and a lack of understanding of the Seminoles' determination to resist removal from their ancestral lands.

This miscalculation led to a prolonged conflict, as the Seminoles effectively used guerrilla warfare tactics to defend their homeland.

One reason for the underestimation of the Seminoles' strength was a misconception about their military capabilities. Jackson and his commanders believed that the Seminoles were a relatively weak and disorganized group, which would be no match for the might of the U.S. military.

However, the Seminoles were experienced fighters who had successfully resisted previous attempts to remove them from their lands.

Another factor was the Seminoles' knowledge of the Florida terrain. The Seminoles were intimately familiar with the swamps, marshes, and dense forests of Florida, which provided them with natural advantages in battle.

They were able to launch surprise attacks on U.S. troops, then disappear quickly into the dense vegetation and swampy terrain, making it difficult for the U.S. military to track them down.

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The reasons for people moving from rural areas to work in industrial centers and urban factories are complex and multifaceted.

In many cases, individuals and families were attracted to the promise of higher wages and more consistent employment opportunities. Additionally, the prospect of living in or near a city offered access to goods, services, and cultural opportunities that were not available in rural areas. While conditions in industrial cities and urban factories were often harsh and dangerous, many people were willing to endure these conditions in order to improve their economic and social status. It is also worth noting that some people did not have a choice in the matter, as they were forced off of their land or otherwise compelled to seek employment in urban areas.

Between 1790 and 1900, American cities rapidly grew as people moved there in pursuit of work during the Industrial Revolution. As a result, the right response is: As people travelled to urban centres in search of employment.

Throughout the Industrial Revolution, America witnessed a remarkable transition that finally led to its emergence as the greatest economy and most powerful global superpower.

Between 1790 and 1900, the American industrial revolution started to take hold. As a result, a large number of factories with a focus on mass production were built in urban areas.

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The first Latin American nation to experience conservative reaction to the Cuban revolution by the army overthrowing their constitutional government in 1964 was Brazil.

The Cuban Revolution marked a turning point in U.S.-Latin American relations by granting the U.S. the right to interfere in the political, economic, and other affairs of other nations.

This bloody revolt against the military government of President Fulgencio Batista was headed by Fidel Castro. Fulgencio Batista's government was overthrown on January 1, 1959, as a result of an armed uprising in Cuba. The coup was sparked by a botched attack on the army barracks in Santiago de Cuba on July 26, 1953.

The US considered the Cuban Revolution to be significant because it secured US interests in Cuba by restricting Cuba's ability to engage in commerce, gave the US the authority to meddle in Cuba's domestic affairs, allowed the US to establish military bases on the island, etc.

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The first symbolized transfer of initiative in Reconstruction from the executive to the legislative branch was the passage of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867.

The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 were a series of laws that established the framework for Reconstruction in the South after the Civil War. The acts were passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in response to President Andrew Johnson's lenient policies towards the former Confederate states. The legislation laid out a plan for military rule in the South, which included the establishment of new state governments that were required to grant voting rights to all male citizens regardless of race.

This marked a significant shift in power from the executive branch to the legislative branch, as Congress took the lead in shaping Reconstruction policy and enforcing civil rights for newly freed slaves.

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The Puritans in England were Protestant Christians who sought to reform the Anglican church.

They were not admirers of the Catholic elements within the Church of England and aimed to remove these influences. The Puritans were important players in the lower House of Commons, with many members of Parliament holding Puritan beliefs. However, they were not necessarily a large proportion of England's gentry, as Puritanism was a movement that spanned across different social classes.
Through their efforts to reform the Anglican church, the Puritans played a significant role in shaping English religious and political history. They advocated for simpler forms of worship and emphasized personal piety and morality. This movement had a significant impact on the English Civil War and the ultimate downfall of the monarchy. Many Puritans also migrated to the American colonies, where their religious beliefs had a profound influence on the development of the United States.
In summary, the Puritans in England were Protestant Christians who sought to reform the Anglican church and were not admirers of Catholic elements within it. They were important players in the lower House of Commons, but their movement spanned across different social classes and was not exclusive to the gentry. Their efforts had a profound impact on English religious and political history and their legacy is still felt today.

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Although the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing women the right to vote, was ratified in 1920, it reflected a general acceptance of woman suffrage (and temperance support) already present in the states.

The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which granted women the right to vote, was ratified in 1920 after decades of tireless efforts by women suffrage movements. However, the amendment was not the beginning of the fight for women's right to vote but rather the culmination of a long and complex struggle. By the time the amendment was ratified, many states had already granted women the right to vote in local and state elections, reflecting the general acceptance of the idea of woman suffrage.

This can be seen as a result of the tireless advocacy and campaigning efforts by women activists, who had effectively created a climate where voting rights for women were not only seen as just but also as a necessary aspect of democracy. The 19th Amendment can thus be seen as a formal recognition of the already existing reality of women's suffrage rather than a sudden change in societal attitudes.

The amendment followed decades of activism and struggle by suffragists, including protests, lobbying, and civil disobedience. Women's suffrage was first granted in several western states, and by 1918, more than half of the states had given women the right to vote in state and local elections. The 19th Amendment was the culmination of this movement and ensured that women's right to vote was protected at the federal level.

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Answer:

The type of war you are referring to is called a **proxy war**. It is a conflict between two states or non-state actors where neither entity directly engages in combat with the other. Instead, they use third parties to do so on their behalf¹. During the Cold War, both the Soviet Union and the United States used this tactic to engage in indirect conflict by each providing military support to opposing sides of a civil war located in a third state².

These were examples of proxy wars. In a proxy war, two or more major powers support different sides of an ongoing conflict, usually through military aid, training, or financial support, without directly engaging in combat against each other.

During the Cold War, the Soviet Union and the United States would often engage in indirect conflict by each providing military support to opposing sides of a civil war located in a third state.

This allows the powers to exert influence and achieve their strategic objectives without risking direct conflict and its potential consequences.

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In the late 19th century, the United States embarked on a period of overseas expansion, driven by a desire to expand its influence and territories beyond its borders.

This period of expansion was motivated by a number of factors, including economic interests, a desire to spread American values and culture, and a belief in the inherent superiority of the American people. At the time, many Americans believed that it was the country's destiny to become a global power and to spread its influence around the world. This belief was rooted in a sense of national identity that was characterized by a strong sense of patriotism and a belief in American exceptionalism. Americans saw themselves as a chosen people, with a mission to spread democracy and civilization to the rest of the world.

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Question:

Compare and contrast the views of the U.S. overseas expansion in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Evaluate how understandings of national identity, at the time, shaped these views.

Answer: The Enabling Act

Explanation:

The passing of the enabling act is significant in German and world history as it marked the formal transition from the democratic weimar republic to the totalitarian nazi dictatorship. From 1933 onwards hitler continued to consolidate and centralize power via purges, and propaganda.

The dramatic event that caused King Victor Emmanuel II to ask Mussolini to form a government in October 1922 was the March on Rome.

On October 28, 1922, Mussolini and his followers, known as the Blackshirts, marched on Rome with the intention of overthrowing the existing government and establishing a fascist regime. The march was originally planned as a show of force, but it quickly turned into a full-blown coup d'etat as the government collapsed and Mussolini was invited to form a new government by the king. The march on Rome was a culmination of years of political instability in Italy, as the country struggled with economic hardship, social unrest, and a weak government. Mussolini's promise to restore order and stability to Italy, combined with his charismatic leadership and the support of the Blackshirts, made him an attractive candidate to those looking for a strongman to take control. The March on Rome marked the beginning of the fascist era in Italy, which would last until the end of World War II.

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Answer:

Toussaint l'Overture

Explanation:

The emergence of tribal societies in America began around 12,000 years ago, as the first human inhabitants migrated from Asia across the Bering Strait.

These early societies diversified over time, resulting in distinct cultures across the continent.

In Mesoamerica, major characteristics of societies included advanced agriculture, complex social hierarchies, and impressive architectural achievements, such as the Mayan temples and Aztec pyramids.

These societies also developed sophisticated systems of writing, mathematics, and astronomy.

South American tribal societies, such as the Inca civilization, were known for their extensive road networks, advanced terrace farming, and remarkable architecture, like the city of Machu Picchu. The Inca Empire, in particular, was notable for its centralized government and vast territories.

In the Southwest region of present-day United States, societies like the Ancestral Puebloans and Hohokam were characterized by their unique adobe and stone dwellings, skilled pottery making, and the development of intricate irrigation systems to sustain agriculture in arid environments.

In summary, the tribal societies that emerged in Mesoamerica, South America, and the Southwest were marked by their advanced agriculture, unique architecture, and complex social structures.

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The main goals of the French Uprising were to end feudalism and provide people with equality, opportunity, and voting-based liberties. The French Revolution sparked a wide range of unrest in other European countries.

One of the best catalysts for the French Insurgency may have been the Americans' victory over the English. The French people realised that real change was possible and that a revolution could succeed, even when against a significant military strength. Many experts claim that they were inspired to revolt by this.

The French Transformation of 1789 was a pivotal turning point in France's history as well as a significant portion of Europe.

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Answer:

The verdict determined Marshal's pay.

Explanation:

.

The period from 1945 to 1980 was marked by significant events that reshaped the national identity of America. The end of World War II marked the beginning of a new era, with the US emerging as a superpower on the global stage.

This newfound power brought about a sense of national pride and identity, as Americans saw themselves as the defenders of freedom and democracy around the world.
The 1950s were marked by a wave of conservatism and conformity, as Americans sought to rebuild their country and safeguard against the threat of communism. This led to a renewed emphasis on traditional values, such as family, religion, and patriotism. The Cold War also played a significant role in shaping national identity, as Americans viewed themselves as the guardians of capitalism and democracy against the perceived threat of Soviet communism.
The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s challenged traditional notions of American identity, as African Americans and other marginalized groups demanded equal rights and recognition. This led to a new sense of national identity, as Americans began to see themselves as a more diverse and inclusive society.
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Answer:

For instance, the 12.04: Content reading on climate change has made me more aware of the environmental issues we face today and has inspired me to take action in reducing my carbon footprint. This has led me to make lifestyle changes such as using reusable bags and water bottles, reducing meat consumption, and supporting eco-friendly businesses.

Explanation:

The statement "In the early twentieth century, some social activists stood against continued immigration to the United States from eastern and southern Europe." is an example of Nativist or Anti-immigration.

A social movement is a collective effort by a group of people who share a common interest, concern, or goal, to bring about social or political change.

In the early twentieth century, the social movement where some social activists stood against continued immigration to the United States from eastern and southern Europe represented a "nativist" or "anti-immigration" movement.

These social activists were concerned about the cultural, economic, and social impacts of immigration and sought to limit or restrict the influx of immigrants into the country.

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The Battle of Franklin in 1864 during the American Civil War is the battle in which an American general's leg was damaged and a statue of the leg was put up after the battle. The general was Major General Patrick Cleburne of the Confederate Army, who was killed during the battle.

A monument of his leg was later erected at St. John's Episcopal Church in Ashwood, Tennessee, near the site of his death. The battle referred to in the question is the Battle of Franklin during the American Civil War. General Patrick Cleburne, a Confederate officer, was leading a charge when he was shot in the foot and fell from his horse. He later died from his wounds. After the battle, a statue of Cleburne's leg was erected in his honor in Carnton Plantation, which served as a field hospital during the battle. The statue was created by a Confederate surgeon, Dr. David Cheek, who had amputated Cleburne's leg. The statue is now a famous historical artifact and tourist attraction.

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West Europe's economy recovering and communism being contained were two effects of the Marshall Plan.

17 western and southern European nations' economies were to be rebuilt as part of the Marshall Plan in order to establish stable environments conducive to the survival of democratic institutions.

The countries engaged saw increases in their gross national products of 15 to 25 percent during this time, and the plan made a significant contribution to the quick rejuvenation of the western European steel, engineering, and chemical industries.

As a result, the significance of the consequences of the Marshall Plan Structure are the aforementioned.

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In the 20th century, overall indicators of health improved across the globe. While some disparities may still exist between countries, overall health indicators have generally shown improvement worldwide.

This improvement in global health can be attributed to advancements in medical technology and public health practices, such as vaccination campaigns and sanitation initiatives. Additionally, improvements in global nutrition and access to clean water have contributed to improved health outcomes, particularly in developing countries.

Despite these improvements, however, there are still significant challenges facing the global health community, such as the emergence of new diseases and the persistence of health disparities among different populations.

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Answer: Great Britain

The statement that best completes the diagram on the factors leading to the Rise of the Byzantine empire is A. Emperor Justinian was an effective leader.

Emperor Justinian was a leading force in the promotion of various areas, particularly noted for his bold governance and attempt at centralizing government activity and mobilization of the military.

As a result of these endeavors, the Byzantine Empire was given sound administrative control spread over its expansive realm, as well as the potential to exercise authority beyond geographical boundaries due to an unified and proficient armed forces.

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The statement is true.

Some captives did carried away from Judah by the Philistines and Arabians during the reign of Jehoram were members of his own family.

During the reign of Jehoram, some captives were taken from Judah by the Philistines and Arabians, including members of Jehoram's own family. Jehoram was the son of the famous King Jehoshaphat, who had allied with Ahab, the king of Israel. This alliance was criticized by some religious leaders in Judah, and it is possible that Jehoram's captivity was related to political or religious tensions in the region. The Bible records that Jehoram's wife and sons were taken captive, along with other members of the royal family and important officials. This event was a significant blow to the royal family and the kingdom of Judah as a whole, and it highlights the complex political and social dynamics of the ancient Near East.

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The individual described is Sarah Moore Grimké. She was born in Charleston, South Carolina in 1792 and grew up in a family that owned slaves.

However, she became a vocal opponent of slavery and traveled throughout the northern United States giving speeches and writing essays in support of abolition.

Later in life, Grimké also became a strong advocate for women's rights, arguing that women should have the same legal and political rights as men.

She was among the first to apply the abolitionist doctrine of universal equality to the status of women, and her advocacy for women's rights helped to lay the groundwork for the feminist movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Grimké's writings and speeches were influential in shaping public opinion on issues of race and gender, and her legacy as a trailblazer for social justice and equality continues to inspire activists and reformers today.

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Within a week of Diem's overthrow, the Vite Cong took control of their direction once more and launched more than a thousand strikes.

Given that Diem was one of their most ardent foes, a communist spokeswoman expressed disbelief that the Americans seemed to be in favor of his ouster.

Nguyen Huu Tho, the head of the Viet Cong, referred to the coup as a "gift of Diem's  Heaven for us." Some Viet Cong officials initially believed it was a ruse because they were shocked that the Americans would support ouster.

As a result, the significance of the Vite Cong react to the downfall of Diem are the aforementioned.

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Answer:women's suffrage, limits on child labor, abolition, temperance, and prison reform.

Explanation:

The ethnic groups Croats and Bosniaks lead to the outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars.

The complex ethnic and political history of the area, where competing claims to territory and power fueled long standing tensions between various ethnic groups, is what gave rise to the Yugoslav Wars.

Yugoslavia's multiethnic and multi religious society was tested in the years before the wars by economic hardship, political unrest, and the emergence of nationalist movements that aimed to establish the superiority of one ethnic group over the others.

Early in the 1990s, these tensions, which had been simmering for some time due to a variety of reasons such as territorial disputes, old grudges, and nationalist ideologies, broke out into open conflict. In the end, the wars caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, millions of displaced people and the requirement for efficient mechanisms for resolving conflicts.

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Answer:

Explanation:

A campaign of expansion in the fourth century CE brought Silla into possession of Manchuria, which led to closer ties with China.