A similarity between creatures known as homoplasy is one wasn't passed down through their common ancestor.
Species with such similar ancestries share traits?It's likely that each species received these characteristics from such a common ancestor if different species have similar physical characteristics. Homologous structures are traits that are comparable to each other because they shared an ancestor. Structural homology refers to the shared bone structure in the forelimbs of mammals like humans, birds, and whales.
Do whales and birds share a same ancestor?Whales, lizards, humans, and birds all have basic limb configurations in common. But how did such different creatures end up with the same kind of limb. The response is that, similar to how cousins may get a trait from their grandfather.
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scientists use which fact as evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts had prokaryotic origins?
As evidence that these organelles had prokaryotic beginnings, mitochondria and chloroplasts' DNA mimics that of prokaryotic cells.
What does DNA contain?The basic building blocks of DNA are known as nucleotides. These constituent parts consist of one of four distinct nitrogen bases, a phosphate group, and a sugar group. DNA strands are created by linking nucleotides together into chains, where the phosphate and sugar groups alternate positions.
What is DNA and its function?DNA serves as a carrier of information. Proteins, which are yet another large molecule, can be made using the instructions found in this blueprint. Chromosomes, 46 long structures that are present inside each of your cells, are where these instructions are spread out. These chromosomes are composed of numerous smaller DNA fragments, or genes.
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A student compares the emissions from various energy sources. Which energy source would produce the greatest amount of emissions?
A. fossil fuels
B. nuclear fuels
C. solar energy
D. wind energy
A student contrasts the emissions produced by various sources of energy. The biggest quantity of emissions would be produced by fossil fuel energy sources.
Again, the dirtiest fuel is coal. It produces thousands of times more greenhouse emissions than nuclear, solar, & wind energy combined. Although to a smaller extent than coal, oil are also significantly poorer than nuclear or renewable energy. The sun is one among the most significant energy sources. Most of all energy on earth comes from the sun, which is where it all began. Sunlight provides us with solar thermal energy and can also be used by solar (photovoltaic) cells to generate electricity. Today, oil is the most common energy source in the globe. It is the main energy source for
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Aseptic technique means that that you perform the preparation of media or the transfer of living microbes.a. trueb. false
The given statement that "Aseptic technique means that that you perform the preparation of media or the transfer of living microbes." is false aseptic techniques basically involve the transfer of microbes or the preparation of media without introducing any kind of contamination.
The techniques which involve the preparation of media as well as transfer of living microbes under very controlled conditions in order to avoid any possible contamination are known as aseptic techniques. Aseptic techniques are very important for any researcher.
Some of the aseptic techniques are careful sterlization of the inoculating loop, cleaning as well as disinfecting the lab counters before culturing, not leaving petri dishes as well as culture plates exposed to air etc.
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Gregor Mendel raised and observed pea plants. In his observations he noticed that some pea plants were tall and some were short. Some plants produced round peas and some produces wrinkled peas. Mendel noticed that different combinations of these traits occurred in each generation.
What is the BEST explanation for this variation in pea plants?
The pistil, a female component that creates female gametes and directs pollen grains to them, includes the stigma, so pea plants reproduce sexually creating variations, hence option A is correct.
Why do sexually reproducing organisms have variations?Peas reproduce sexually, just like the majority of well-known animals and plants, and need both an egg cell and a sperm cell to generate children. Mendel meticulously planned matings or crosses between plants with various characteristics.
Male and female components can be found in every pea plant bloom. The anther is a component of the stamen, which is a male structure that creates gametes for males (pollen).
Therefore, pea plants reproduce sexually creating variations.
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The given question is incomplete, so the most probable complete question is,
Gregor Mendel raised and observed pea plants. In his observations, he noticed that some pea plants were tall and some were short. Some plants produced round peas and some produce wrinkled peas. Mendel noticed that different combinations of these traits occurred in each generation.
What is the BEST explanation for this variation in pea plants?
A) Pea plants reproduce sexually creating variations.
B) Pea plants reproduce asexually creating variations.
C) Pea plants reproduce asexually making genetic copies of the parent plant.
D) Pea plants reproduce sexually making genetic copies of the parent plants.
Specialized lymphatic capillaries that project into the small intestines are called:a. Chyle.b. Lacteals.c. Lymphatic Trunks.d. Collecting Vessels.
Because lacteals are the term for the specific lymphatic capillaries that extend into to the small intestines and take in dietary fats that are too big to be absorbed by intestinal capillaries.
A lacteal's purpose is unknown.The small intestine's lacteals, or first lymphatics, draw substances from the interstitial space around them, including fluids, electrolytes, and proteins. In addition, and this is crucial, the lacteals move lipids from the intestinal villi's interstitium into the lymph.
For what reason do lacteals absorb fats?Inside the villi in the small intestine, lacteals—lymphatic capillaries—absorb fats and vitamins that are fat-soluble. Fat molecules are taken up by lacteals from the colon because they have a wider diameter than blood capillaries.
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Which of the following vessels gives rise to the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery?
-intestinal arteries
-celiac trunk
-superior mesenteric artery
-superior epigastric artery
The celiac trunk arteries give rise to the hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery.
What artery splits into the common hepatic artery and left gastric artery?The arteries that supply the stomach are principally controlled by the celiac axis. The normal branch of the celiac axis, which arises from the proximal abdominal aorta, are the normal hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries.
What are the hepatic artery left stomach and splenic arteries?The branch of the celiac artery are the typical hepatic, left gastrointestinal, and splenic arteries. The liver, gall, stomachs, pancreatic, spleen, and a portion of the duodenum are only a few of the organ that make it up the embryo foregut and are supplied with blood by these branches.
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Which protist can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic?
Mixotrophic protists can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic. Protists frequently exhibit a nutrient pattern known as mixotrophic metabolism, which combines phototrophy with heterotrophy.
Mixotrophs are organisms that mix phototrophy and heterotrophy; this type of dietary behavior is common in protists. Its ability to mix multiple ways of nourishment differs between species and is unrelated to taxonomic classification.
They are either predators or parasites. Amoeba (predator) and Plasmodium are two examples (malarial parasite). Autotrophs and heterotrophs can coexist in mixotrophic protists. Euglena is an example.
Many protist plankton are mixotrophs, combining phototrophy and phagotrophy. In recent decades, their function in freshwater and marine ecology has emerged as a prominent emerging component of plankton studies.
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In a nucleotide the phosphate is attached to the sugar at the___
The phosphate is joined to the sugar at the 5' carbon in a nucleotide. The carbon atom of a nucleotide's pentose sugar is where the phosphate is bonded. Africa, North America, Kazakhstan.
The Middle East, and Oceania all have phosphate reserves, but the largest deposits are in Morocco, which is also a world leader in phosphate mining. The components of a nucleotide are a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a base that contains nitrogen.
Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine are the bases that are employed in DNA (T). Thymine is replaced by the nucleotide uracil (U) in RNA. A nucleotide's pentose sugar's 5' carbon has a phosphate connected to it.
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the _____________ is responsible for gene expression in eukaryotes.
The nucleus is responsible for gene expression in eukaryotes.
The genetic or hereditary material of the cell is found to look the same as chromosomes, which are made out of DNA and related proteins, in the nucleus, a layer-bounded organelle.
The majority of eukaryotic cells' gene expression happens here, where the DNA-encoded genes are converted into RNA molecules and then moved outside the nucleus to be translated into proteins.
Through the actions of different regulatory proteins and non-coding RNA molecules, which can alter the accessibility of genes to the transcription machinery, the nucleus also participates in the regulation of gene expression.
Some post-transcriptional processing of RNA molecules may occur within the nucleus before they are transported out to the cytoplasm.
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The blood's resistance to flow is influenced largely by __________, which is the percentage of the total blood volume composed of red blood cells.
The blood's resistance to flow is influenced largely by Hematocrit, which is the percentage of the total blood volume composed of red blood cells.
Hematocrit is the volume percentage of Red Blood cells (RBCs). The number and size of RBCs determine the measurement of Hematocrit. It acts as a point of reference to determine oxygen delivery capacity.
Variations in level of hematocrit indicate a blood disorder. Low level of hematocrit may suggest anemia, which indicates decrease in the count of red blood cells. Whereas high levels of hematocrit shows polycythemia.
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The stomatal pore consisting of a pore flanked by 2 _____ cells, which regulate the opening and closing of the poreGuard
The stomatal pore consisting of a pore flanked by 2 guard cells, which regulate the opening and closing of the pore.
Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for the exchange of gases, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, between the plant and the atmosphere. The size of the stomatal pore is regulated by the two specialized cells that surround it, called guard cells. When the guard cells take up water, they become turgid and the pore opens, allowing for gas exchange. Conversely, when the guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and the pore closes, reducing water loss from the plant. This process is important for plant survival, as stomatal pore it allows for the exchange of gases necessary for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss through transpiration.
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Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?
Cellular respiration:
Kreb's cycle
Electron transport
Glycolysis:
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway common to both cellular respiration as well as fermentation.
Glycolysis is a metabolic process that occurs during both fermentation and cellular respiration. Glycolysis is the first phase of respiration. Glycolysis is the process through which glucose is transformed into pyruvate.
A cytoplasmic mechanism called glycolysis converts glucose into two molecules with three carbons each and releases energy. Hexokinase, a phosphorylating enzyme, assists in the phosphorylation process that traps glucose. This reaction uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the end result, glucose-6-P, inhibits hexokinase.
There is no need for oxygen throughout the process of glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experiences glycolysis.
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What is a protein that binds to an operator and inhibits transcription?
The trp repressor attaches to the operator and prevents the operon from being transcribed. A protein that prevents the expression of one or more genes is known as a repressor in the context of genomics.
The repressor protein inhibits the synthesis of messenger RNA by attaching to the promoter region of the gene(s) (mRNA). A protein known as a repressor binds to an operator site.
The operator in this instance (and numerous others) is a section of DNA that lies just downstream of the RNA polymerase binding site or overlaps with it (promoter). In the absence of an inducer, a repressor protein that binds to the operator gene blocks the transcription of the operon's structural genes.
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Which of these foods would give the highest Sudan IV test a) Tofu b) potatoes c) Chocolate d) Beans e) Dried fruit
The highest Sudan IV test result would be chocolate.
Which sample would provide a positive Sudan IV test result?Lipids will show up as positive in the Sudan IV test. A few drops of Sudan IV are diluted into the test solution as part of the test procedure. A dye called Sudan IV will stain lipids. The dye will settle to the bottom of the test tube if there are no lipids present.
What materials are in Sudan IV?Sudan IV can be prepared from propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, 95% ethanol, or 0.05% by weight of the acetone:ethanol:water mixture, according to one source (50:35:15). In order for the dye to partition into the highly apolar fat without solubilizing the fat that will be dyed, a moderately apolar solvent must solubilize the dye.
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What accounts for the variation Darwin observed among island species?
Darwin made an important discovery when examining the animals from the Island.
Describe Darwin?Darwin is a British-born boy's name that hardly ever needs an introduction. Darwin, whose name originated from of the Old English Deorwine and means "dear friend" despite conjuring up images of a much more fatherly naturalist, developed the Darwin theory theory of evolutionary processes, which maintains that all types of animals emerge and evolve through natural selection of moment, inherited variations that enhance the individual's ability for competition and survival.
What exactly are species?A group of people who regularly or possibly interbreed in nature is referred to as a species. A genus is the largest gene pool attainable in the wild in this sense.
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according to the phylogenetic tree in the accompanying figure, g. intestinalis constitutes a ________ group. A) analytic. B) monophyletic. C) polyphyletic.D) paraphyletic.
The evolutionary tree shown in the accompanying image indicates that intestinalis is paraphyletic.
In evolutionary biology, the term "paraphyletic" is used to define a group of animals that shares a common ancestor and some of the descendants, but not all of them. When a group of creatures is referred to as a paraphyletic group, it implies that some of the natural group's members have been moved into another group for some reason. The lineage that gave origin to the birds, the Reptilia, which includes turtles, tuataras, lizards, snakes, crocodiles, and dinosaur-like reptiles, is possibly the most convincing example of a paraphyletic group. The Reptilia are now paraphyletic due to the creation of a distinct grouping for birds.
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What are the parts of the cell?
Answer:
7
Explanation:
Cell is the tiny unit of life form that emerged from Earth 3.5 billion years ago.
There are 7 parts of a cell
1. Plasma Cell Membrane
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Nucleus
4. Ribosome
5. Lysosome
6. Mitochondria
7. Golgi
Here are some of the trna molecules in lucy's white blood cells. Let's see if trna #1 is carrying the correct amino acid for its anticodon. Using the rna pairing rules, find the correct codon for this trna's anticodon.
For the tRNA anticodon CCA, the corresponding codon is GGU, which codes for the amino acid Glycine (Gly).
tRNA stands for transfer RNA and helps in converting or decoding a mRNA sequence into the protein during the process of translocation. It serves as a linker molecule between mRNA molecule and the growing chain of amino acids that makes up the protein.
The base-pairing rules of both DNA and RNA are almost similar. However, in RNA instead of thymine, uracil is present; thus, there is a slight difference in the base-pairing rules.
The RNA pairing rules is that each nitrogenous base has a complementary base, so:
Adenine is complementary with uracil A=U
Cytosine is complementary with Guanine C=G
In this case, it can be seen that:
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what level of protein structure describes the spatial location of every atom in a protein?
The tertiary level of protein structure describes the spatial location of every atom in a protein.
Proteins are the biological polymers made up by the joining of monomeric amino acids together by the peptide bonds. The proteins are required to perform each and every function inside the living organism. These functions include transport, signaling, catalysis, structural, etc.
Tertiary level of protein structure is the third level formed after the formation of primary and secondary structure. The arrangement of amino acid in the primary sequence and their interconnections in the secondary structure are very essential to decide the spatial locations of atoms at the tertiary level.
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What causes depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell to occur?
This is knοwn as the depolarization period and is caused by the οpening of the sοdium voltage-gated time-dependent channels and this allows sodium ions into the cell.
What is depοlarization vs repolarization?What happens during depolarizatiοn and repolarization? During depolarizatiοn the cell becοmes less negative due to positive charges entering the cell. During repοlarization the cell becomes more negative and returns to resting potential.
What is depolarizatiοn explained simply?Depolarizatiοn is caused by a rapid rise in membrane potential opening of sοdium channels in the cellular membrane, resulting in a large influx of sodium ions. Membrane Repolarization results frοm rapid sodium channel inactivation as well as a large efflux οf potassium ions resulting from activated potassium channels.
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t or f: You're studying one genetic locus in a population of wombats and you sample 40 individuals with genotype AA, 60 individuals with genotype Aa, and 100 individuals with genotype aa. The frequency of the a allele is exactly twice that of the A allele.
False. You sample 40 people having genotype AA, 60 participants having genotype Aa, & 100 individuals having genotype aa while you are examining one genetic locus inside a population of wombats. The an allele occurs exactly twice as frequently as the A allele.
Squaring the genotype frequencies A yields the genotype AA frequency. By dividing the incidence of genotype A by two and by the frequency of genotype a, one may calculate the probability of genotype Aa. By squaring a, one may determine the frequency of aa. You sample 40 people having genotype AA, 60 participants having genotype Aa, & 100 individuals having genotype aa while you are examining one genetic locus inside a population of wombats. The an allele occurs exactly twice as frequently as the A allele.Try altering p and q to different numbers while making sure that p and q are always equal to 1. The frequency of an allele is determined by dividing the population's observed frequency of the relevant allele.
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How to make a 3D plant cell model out of household items?
Answer:Open the plastic bag. Place the toothbrush heads, an egg, a small bouncy ball, two rubber bands the halved nuts and a small handful of peppercorns into the bag.
Explanation: The egg serves as the plant cell's vacuole, the bouncy ball is the nucleus, rubber bands are the endoplasmic reticulum and the peppercorns replicate ribosomes.
Where is the triangle of auscultation?
The patient should cross his arms over his chest and bend forward to best expose the triangle of auscultation, which is located at the inferior angle of the scapula.
The inferior border of the trapezius, the medial border of the scapula, which is also formed by the teres major and infraspinatus muscles, and the latissimus dorsi muscle all cover the triangle of auscultation.
The base of the triangle is composed of the muscles erector spinae, serratus anterior, and rhomboid major. This is called the posterior thoraic wall.
The triangle of auscultation is a crucial anatomical feature that improves auscultation during the pulmonary examination. When the patient crosses their arms across their chest, the scapula and muscular borders are evident.
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Which of the following is true about why we eat? Choose all that apply
We need to eat so we can create waste products.
We need building blocks for our body.
We need to eat so we can reduce our levels of oxygen.
We need fuel.
Which option^ help
We eat food for several reasons, and two of them are for building blocks for our bodies and for fuel. The second and last options are correct.
Food provides us with energy in the form of calories, which are essential for the functioning of our cells, tissues, and organs.
Our food provides essential nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. These nutrients are necessary for our body's growth, maintenance, and repair. Proteins are the building blocks of our body tissues, while carbohydrates and fats provide energy and support various bodily functions.
The energy obtained from food is utilized for various physiological processes, such as metabolism, movement, and maintaining body temperature.
While digestion and metabolism do produce waste products, such as carbon dioxide and urea, creating waste products is not the primary purpose of eating.
Food provides us with essential nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals, which serve as building blocks for our body's growth, repair, and maintenance.
Eating does not directly impact the levels of oxygen in our bodies. Oxygen is primarily obtained through the process of breathing, and the consumption of food does not play a role in reducing oxygen levels.
Thus, the second and last options are correct.
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mitotic cell division is never used by organisms as a means of reproduction.a. true b. false
It is true that no organism ever reproduces by mitotic cell division.
Is reproduction facilitated by mitotic cell division?Some species can reproduce or produce new organisms by mitotic cell division. For instance, mitosis is the reproduction method used by single-celled eukaryotic creatures like amoebas. Growing and eventually dividing into two, a single-celled creature reproduces itself.
Do organisms never use mitotic cell division as a method of reproduction?In order to reproduce, organisms never use mitotic cell division. A typical male individual would have 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes in their karyotype. During G2, a cell will have 40 units of DNA instead of the initial 20.
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A human cell in g1 of the cell cycle has 23 pairs of chromosomes. the number of unreplicated chromosomes in a human cell following telophase ii of meiosis is?
A human cell in G1 of the cell cycle has 23 sets of chromosomes. The quantity of unreplicated chromosomes in a human cell following telophase II of meiosis is 34.
There are 46 chromosomes in a human cell during G1. DNA has not yet been copied for mitosis, so there are as yet two arrangements of 23 chromosomes for a sum of 46 chromosomes. During the S stage, be that as it may, the DNA in the phone is copied.
During the G1 stage, diploid neurons (chromosomal supplement: 2N; the number of chromosomes: 46; DNA content: 2C) show G1-explicit cell cycle markers (cyclin D and CDK4/6 complex, cyclin E, and CDK2 complex) which are associated with the guideline of G1 stage movement.
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You are investigating the genetics of pink and white peony flowers; what is a specific and testable question you could ask about the flowers?
A specific and testable question you could ask about the genetics of pink and white peony flowers might be: "What is the genetic basis for flower color variation in peony plants, and how does it relate to the expression of specific genes?"
To test this question, you could conduct experiments to isolate and analyze the DNA of both pink and white peony plants, looking for differences in the expression of genes known to be involved in flower pigmentation. You could also perform crosses between pink and white plants to see if the offspring show intermediate or predictable patterns of color expression, and examine the inheritance patterns of flower color in successive generations. By comparing the DNA and phenotype of the plants, you could gain insights into the genetic basis for flower color variation in peony plants.
True/False? sensory or nerves carry information to the brain and spinal cord.
The statement "sensory or nerves carry information to the brain and spinal cord" is true because sensory nerves connect the brain and spinal cord to sensory organs such as the eyes, ears, skin, and nose.
The brain and spinal cord receive information from sensory organs like the eyes, hearing, skin, and nose via sensory nerves, a specific types of nerves. Following the processing of this information by the nervous system, a response or reaction is produced that may involve movement, sensation, or other physiological changes. The peripheral nervous system, which consists of all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord that assist in the transmission of information throughout the body, is very important and includes sensory nerves.
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what are function of a schwann cell?
Schwann cells (SCs) are the most common type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. They surround neurons, keeping them alive and sometimes coating them with a myelin sheath. They serve critical roles in peripheral nerve formation, maintenance, function, and regeneration.
Schwann cells function as PNS myelinating cells and peripheral neuron support cells. A myelin sheath is formed by a Schwann cell wrapping its plasma membrane concentrically around the inner axon.
Schwann cells (SCs), named after German scientist Theodor Schwann (1810-1882), are the peripheral nervous system's major neuroglial cells (PNS). The neural crest gives rise to the majority of SCs early in embryonic development.
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Evolution is one of the unifying themes of biology. Evolution involves change in the frequencies of alleles in a population. For a particular genetic locus in a population, the frequency of the recessive allele (a) is 0.4 and the frequency of the dominant allele (A) is 0.6.(a) What is the frequency of each genotype (AA, Aa, aa) in this population? What is the frequency of the dominant phenotype?
The incidence of every genotype is listed below, with reference to the question that was asked.
In biology, what does genotype presume?Dictionary of Entry Words. Related to the term "genome," "genotype" inside one meaning refers to the total collection of gene clusters in an organism's cells. But, in a more restricted definition, it can refer to various alleles, or variant versions, of a gene for particular features or qualities.
Given frequency of allele A (p)= 0.6
Frequency of a (q)= 0.4
frequency of a genotype AA (P) = p^2 = 0.6 * 0.6 = 0.36
frequency of a genotype Aa (H) = 2 * p * q = 2* 0.6 * 0.4 = 0.48
frequency of a genotype a (Q) = q^2 = 0.4 * 0.4 = 0.16
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