1. The motion of the electrons in the Rutherford model was stable. F
2. The energy of an electron depends on the size of the orbit and is lower for smaller orbits. T
What is the Rutherford model ?The model depicted the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, and around which the light, negative constituents known as electrons circulate at some distance, similar to planets revolving around the Sun.
3. The magnitude of the wave function at a particular point in space is inversely proportional to the amplitude of the wave at that point. F
4. The azimuthal quantum number (l)tells the average relative distance of an electron from the nucleus. T
5. The Magnetic quantum number (ml) describes the orientation of the region in space occupied by an electron with respect to an applied magnetic field. F
Thus, The motion of the electrons in the Rutherford model was not stable.
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If 40. 0 g of hci react with an excess of magnesium metal, what is the theoretical yield of hydrogen?.
If 40. 0 g of HCl reacts with an excess of magnesium metal, the theoretical yield of hydrogen is 2.218 g .
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong, highly corrosive acid that is commonly used in a variety of industrial and laboratory applications. It is a clear, colorless solution that has a pungent, irritating odor. HCl is highly soluble in water and forms an aqueous solution that has a pH of about 1.
The reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and magnesium metal can be represented by the following equation:
HCl(aq) + Mg(s) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
The theoretical yield of hydrogen can be calculated by using the stoichiometry of the reaction. If 40.0 g of HCl reacts with an excess of magnesium metal, the number of moles of HCl can be calculated as:
n = mass / molar mass = 40.0 g / 36.5 g/mol = 1.097 mol
The stoichiometry of the reaction tells us that one mole of HCl will produce one mole of hydrogen gas. Therefore, the theoretical yield of hydrogen would be:
n = 1.097 mol * 1 mol/mol = 1.097 mol
The mass of 1.097 moles of hydrogen gas can be calculated as:
mass = n * molar mass = 1.097 mol * 2.016 g/mol = 2.218 g
Therefore, If 40. 0 g of HCl reacts with an excess of magnesium metal, the theoretical yield of hydrogen is 2.218 g
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Suppose f is an exponential function and:
b represents the 1-unit growth factor for f.
c represents the n -unit growth factor for f.
d represents the m -unit growth factor for f.
Write a formula that expresses c in terms of b.
Write a formula that expresses b in terms of c.
Write a formula that expresses d in terms of c
If f is an exponential function then the formula for exponential growth will be given by f = p*(1+r)ⁿ.
The formula that expresses c in terms of b, b = c ^ (1/n)The formula that expresses b in terms of c, c = b ^ nThe formula that expresses d in terms of c, d = c ^ (m / n)Let,
f is the future value
p is the present value
r is the growth rate per time period
n is the number of time periods.
The formula becomes f = p * (1 + r) 1 for 1 unit of growth.
The formula changes to f = p * (1 + r) n for n units of growth and to f = p * (1 + r) m for m units of growth.
c = (1 + r) ^ n can be shown as c = (1 + r) ^ (1 * n)
b = (1 + r) ^ 1 can be shown as b = (1 + r) ^ (n * 1/n)
d = (1 + r) ^ m can be shown as d = (1 + r) ^ (n * k), where k = m/n.
So we have three equations as,
b = c ^ (1/n)c = b ^ nd = c ^ (m / n)Learn more about Exponential function:
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When Alyssa did Part A of the experiment, she observed the solutionoutside the tubing turn black. What might have happened?
The solution outside the tubing might have reacted with the air, causing oxidation and turning black.
When Alyssa performed Part A of the experiment, she observed that the solution outside the tubing turned black. This could be due to a process known as oxidation.
Oxidation is a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen in the air. The reaction causes the substance to lose electrons, which can cause a change in color, among other things.
In this case, the solution outside the tubing may have reacted with oxygen in the air, causing it to turn black. This reaction could have been facilitated by heat, light, or other factors that can increase the rate of oxidation. Additionally, the composition of the solution and the presence of any catalysts could have also contributed to the reaction.
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What physical property of decane causes it to have the highest surface tension?
The physical property of the decane causes it to have the highest surface tension is the molecular weight.
The higher the molecular mass , the higher the surface tension. The molecular mass is directly proportional to the surface tension :
Molecular mass ∝ surface tension
The tension act of the surface film of the liquid that is due to the attraction of the particles in the surface of layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tries to minimize the surface area. The force per unit length perpendicular to the surface of the liquid is the surface tension. The S.I unit of the surface are is the newton per meter.
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Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon. It is most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms. Given 1.5 mol of SiCl2 and 1.8 mol of H2O, answer the following questions using the balanced chemical equation below:
SiCl4(g) + 2 H2O(g) → SiO2(s) + 4 HCl(g)
A. The limiting reactant is and the reactant in excess is
B. The amount of SiO2 produced is based on
C. The theoretical yield of SiO2 produced is
Since SiCl2 is the limiting reactant, the amount of SiO2 produced is limited by the amount of SiCl2 present. Therefore, the theoretical yield of SiO2 is equal to 1.5 moles, which is the same amount of SiCl2 used in the reaction.
What is the moles?Moles are small burrowing mammals that belong to the Talpidae family. They are found in the Northern Hemisphere and can be identified by their claws, distinct snouts, and velvety fur. Moles primarily feed on insects, earthworms, and other small invertebrates, and they use their long claws to dig extensive networks of tunnels beneath the surface of the ground. Moles are usually solitary animals but may live in small family groups. They have poor eyesight but an excellent sense of smell, and they are active both day and night.
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fe3o4 reacts with co according to the equation
If 273.6 g Fe₃O₄ is reacted with the excess CO , The mass of the CO₂ will produced is 207.68 g.
The balanced chemical reaction is :
Fe₃O₄ + 4CO ----> 4CO₂ + 3Fe
The mass of the Fe₃O₄ = 273.6 g
The molar mass of Fe₃O₄ = 231.5 g/mol
The number of moles of Fe₃O₄ = mass / molar mass
The number of moles of Fe₃O₄ = 273.6 / 231.5
= 1.18 mol
1 moles of Fe₃O₄ produces 4 mole of CO₂
The moles of CO₂ = 4 × 1.18
= 4.72 mol
The mass of CO₂ = moles × molar mass
= 4.72 × 44
= 207.68 g
This question is incomplete, the complete question is :
Fe₃O₄ reacts with co according to the equation :
Fe₃O₄ + 4CO ----> 4CO₂ + 3Fe
If 273.6 g Fe₃O₄ is reacted with the excess CO , what mass of the CO₂ will produced.
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write an equation for the formation of hcl(g)hcl(g) from its elements in their standard states.
Due to the fact that it describes how one mole of hydrogen chloride is created from its component parts in their initial state. H2(g)+Cl2(g)→2HCl(g)
This is a particular formulation of the balanced chemical equation that explains how hydrogen chloride is created.
The enthalpy change of reaction must be divided by 2 in order for it to be equal to the standard enthalpy change of formation. Get 1/2H2(g)+1/2Cl2(g)HCl by doing this (g).
What are the 5 different types of elements?Some cultures hold that the five elements—wood, fire, earth, water, and metal—are the source of all that exists in the cosmos. Everything is claimed to be made of a combination of these elements, from the smallest atom to a gigantic whale to the solar system itself.
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An object is being loweredon a cord at a speed which isdecreasing.There are two forces on the object, the weight,magnitude mg, and the tension, magnitude T, in the cord.speed decreasingWhich equation is true:TmgA.T = mgB.T > mgC.T < mg
When An object is being loweredon a cord at a speed which is decreasing then T < mg is required true true condition. (C)
The tension in the cord is always less than the weight of the object being lowered because some of the weight is being used to overcome friction in the pulley or other mechanism that is slowing down the object.
The tension provides the force to support the weight of the object and counteract the friction, but it cannot be greater than the weight because that would mean the object is accelerating upwards, which is not the case.
The tension and the weight are equal only when the object is not accelerating, either upwards or downwards.
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What is the Lewis structure for NO2?
We will place two valence electrons—a total of 18—between atoms to create chemical bonds. We've utilized 4, followed by 6, 16, and then 4, before returning to the nitrogen in the middle.
How many electron spots are there in no2's Lewis structure?
The center of the NO2-Lewis structure is nitrogen because it has the lowest electronegative energy.
Is NO2 trigonally bent or planar?
Three atoms are positioned in a triangle arrangement around the core atom of a trigonal planar molecule.
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a support rod is said to be solid titanium. you conduct some experiments at room temperature and discover that it displaces 87.82 ml of water and has a mass of 395.2 g. can this really be made of pure titanium?
It follows that for every 151.71 g of ilmenite, 180.0 g will contain 47.857 g of titanium. In light of the fact that 151.71 g of ilmenit contains 47.857 g/mol of titanium.
The maximum mass of 56.78 g of pure titanium may be obtained from 180 g of ilmenite, a titanium ore with the chemical formula FeTiO3. The highest possible extraction of pure titanium can be calculated using the formula below: The molar mass of ilmenite is 151.71 g mol 1. Ilmenite is expected to weigh 151.71 g per mole, according to this. According to the chemical formula of the substance, one mole of ilmenite will also contain one mole of iron Fe, one mole of titanium Ti, and three moles of oxygen O. In light of the fact that 151.71 g of ilmenite contains 47.857 g/mol of titanium.
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Which i the mot effective way to decreae water pollution?
A: Pa law controlling the number of fih that can be caught in the ocean
B: Pa law regulating what factorie can emit into the air and pour out onto the ground
C: Convert foret into farmland
D: Convert wild habitat into parkland and zoo
Pa law regulating what factories can emit into the air and pour out onto the ground is the mot effective way to decreae water pollution.
What are the different methods used to decrease water pollution?
There are several methods used to decrease water pollution. One method is to regulate industrial and agricultural practices, such as implementing laws that control the amount of pollutants that can be discharged into waterways. Another method is to improve sewage treatment processes, so that waste is properly treated before being released into the environment. Additionally, implementing best management practices in agriculture, such as reducing fertilizer and pesticide use, can help decrease water pollution. The use of green infrastructure, such as rain gardens, can also help reduce runoff and prevent pollutants from entering waterways. Educating the public and promoting sustainable practices, such as reducing single-use plastic usage, can also help decrease water pollution. Each method has its own strengths and limitations, and a combination of approaches may be needed to effectively decrease water pollution.
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castor oil –9.8 phenol 43.2 benzene 5.7 formic acid 8 which substance has the weakest bonds between its molecules?
The substance with the weakest bonds between its molecules is benzene.
The strength of the bonds between molecules is determined by the type of bond and the bond length. Generally, the weaker the bond, the more easily the molecules can be separated from each other, leading to lower boiling and melting points.
In this list, benzene has the lowest boiling point of 5.7 °C, indicating that its bonds between its molecules are the weakest compared to the others. Castor oil has the highest boiling point at 9.8 °C, and phenol and formic acid have boiling points in between.
Therefore, based on boiling point, benzene has the weakest bonds between its molecules compared to castor oil, phenol, and formic acid.
The strength of the bonds between molecules is an important factor in determining the physical properties of a substance, such as boiling and melting point.
Bonds between molecules can be covalent, ionic, or hydrogen bonds, and their strength depends on the type of bond and bond length. Covalent bonds are the strongest type of bond and are found in molecules that share electrons. Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds and are formed between two atoms with a large difference in electronegativity. Hydrogen bonds are the weakest type of bond and are formed between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an atom with a high electronegativity, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, in another molecule.
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True or False, when a hydrogen ion (h ) is in water it forms a hydronium ion (h3o ).
True, when a hydrogen ion (h ) is in water it forms a hydronium ion (h3o ).
What is hydronium?A substance is referred as an acid if it has the ability to produce H+ions in the solution . When discussing chemical processes that take place in aqueous solutions, the hydronium ion is crucial. A solution's pH can be determined directly by comparing its concentration to that of hydroxide. It can develop when an acid is present in the water or even when the water is just pure. H3O+ is its chemical formula. It can also be created when an H+ ion and an H2O molecule come together. Thus, three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom make up the trigonal pyramidal geometry of the hydronium ion. The oxygen has this form because of a single pair of electrons on it. The atoms' 113-degree bond angle is measured between them. H2O(l)⇌OH−(aq)+H+(aq)(1)
As H+ ions form, they join with the solution's H2O molecules to create H3O+ (the hydronium ion). This is due to the fact that hydrogen ions only exist as the hydronium ion, H3O+, in aqueous solutions. A reaction that can go either way is said to be reversible. In other words, the H+ and OH- ions combine to produce water while the water molecules dissociate. Since water is a polar molecule, it can draw H+ ions to it. This indicates that it possesses a partial charge, which is in this case a negative partial charge. Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, there is a partial charge. In other words, oxygen "pulls" harder on the shared electrons in the hydrogen-oxygen bond, giving the molecule a partial negative charge that attracts it to the positive charge of H+ to form hydronium. The idea of the dipole moment can be used to further explain why the water molecule is regarded as polar. Tetrahedral electron geometry and bending molecular geometry characterize water. The asymmetrical bent geometry makes the molecule polar, gives it a dipole moment, and gives it a partial charge.
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Bromine is a red liquid at 25°C. Its density is 3.12 g/cm3. What is the volume of 28.1 g
of liquid bromine?
A) 87.7 cm3 B) 0.111 cm3 . C) 9.01 cm
D) 28.1 cm3
E) None of the above
Option C) 9.01 cm is the correct answer
What is volume ?
Volume is a measure of the amount of space occupied by an object or a substance. It is a scalar quantity and is expressed in units such as cubic meters, cubic centimeters, liters, or gallons. Volume is an important physical quantity that is used to describe the size of objects and the amount of a substance contained within a container.
In mathematics, volume is often used to describe the amount of space enclosed by a three-dimensional object, such as a cube, sphere, or cylinder. The formula for the volume of a three-dimensional object depends on its shape, but common formulas include the volume of a cube (V = s^3), the volume of a sphere (V = 4/3 π r^3), and the volume of a cylinder (V = π r^2 h).
Density = mass / volume
Density = 3.12 g/ cm3
mass = 28.1 grams
Volume = mass / density
Volume = 28.1 grams / 3.12 grams / cm3
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4. Matter can be defined as anything that A. has weight. B. has mass and volume. C. is uniform throughout. D. exhibits both chemical and physical properties.
2 NH3 + 3 CuO g 3 Cu + N2 + 3 H2O
In the above equation how many grams of N2 can be made when 141 grams of CuO are consumed?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth. If you answer is a whole number like 4, report the answer as 4.0
Use the following molar masses. If you do not use these masses, the computer will mark your answer incorrect.:
According to the stoichiometry of the chemical equation, 16.54 grams of nitrogen can be made when 141 grams of CuO are consumed.
What is chemical equation?Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.
A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .
According to the stoichiometry, 238.62 g of CuO gives 28 g nitrogen thus 141 g of CuO will give 141×28/238.62=16.54 g nitrogen.
Thus, 16.54 grams of nitrogen can be made when 141 grams of CuO are consumed.
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Consider the reaction.KCl+Pb(NO3)2⟶KNO3+PbCl2KCl+Pb(NO3)2⟶KNO3+PbCl2Identify which species will precipitate in aqueous solution.A)KClKClB)KNO3KNO3C)Pb(NO3)2Pb(NO3)2D)PbCl2PbCl2
The reaction : Pb(NO3)₂ + KCl ----> PbCl₂ + KNO₃ , the specie which will precipitate in the queous solution is the correct option is D) PbCl₂ .
The complete balanced equation is as :
Pb(NO3)₂(aq) + 2KCl(aq) ----> PbCl₂(s) + 2KNO₃(aq)
The potassium ion belongs to the 1 group. The 1 group salt are generally soluble salts. Therefore the KCl is soluble in water. Most of the salt containing the nitrates ion are soluble in the salt. Therefore , the Pb(NO3)₂ and KNO₃ are soluble in the aqueous solution. The salts of lead halide are not soluble.
Therefore, the PbCl₂ will form the precipitate in the chemical reaction.
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1.2.1. determine the amount of energy released (in calories) when steam at 110°c (constant pressure) condenses and cools to produce 500 liters of water at 50°c?
The amount of energy released when steam at 110°C condenses and cools to produce 500 liters of water at 50°C is approximately 2.69 x 10^7 calories.
The amount of energy released during a phase change, such as condensation, can be calculated using the formula:
Q = mL
where Q is the amount of energy released, m is the mass of the substance undergoing the phase change, and L is the substance's latent heat of vaporization. The latent heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required to convert a given amount of a substance from a liquid to a gas at constant temperature.
In this case, we want to find the amount of energy released when steam at 110°C condenses and cools to produce 500 liters of water at 50°C. First, we need to convert the volume of water to mass:
500 liters of water = 500 liters * 1000 g/liter = 500,000 g
Next, we need to find the latent heat of vaporization of water at 110°C. According to data from steam tables, the latent heat of vaporization of water at this temperature is approximately 2257 J/g.
Finally, we can use the formula to calculate the amount of energy released:
Q = (500,000 g) * (2257 J/g) = 1.13 x 10^8 J
To convert this value to calories, we can use the conversion factor of 1 calorie = 4.184 J:
1.13 x 10^8 J / 4.184 J/cal = 2.69 x 10^7 calories
So, The amount of energy released when steam at 110°C condenses and cools to produce 500 liters of water at 50°C is approximately 2.69 x 10^7 calories.
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what should you do with chemicals leftover after an experiment?
Never put used chemicals back in their original containers. You will contaminate it if you do so. Dispose of the remainder in the suitable "waste container".
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates chemical waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). It cannot be discarded in conventional trash or sewage systems. The EHS Hazardous Waste Program must be used to dispose of the majority of chemical wastes.
Never put unused chemicals back into the reagent bottles. This is a potential source of contamination for the whole contents of the stock bottle. Dispose of unwanted chemicals in accordance with the waste disposal recommendations for that material, as noted by throughout each experiment.
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The reaction 2no(g) cl2(g) was performed and the following data obtained under conditions of constant [cl2] ? Is the following mechanism consistent with the data? Explain.NO(g) + Cl2(g) -> NOCl2(g)NOCl2(g) + NO(g) -> 2 NOCl(g)
Yes, the following mechanism consistent with the data. As based on the graph , we can conclude that the reaction order is second order reaction with respect to NO.
The chemical reaction is :
2NO + Cl₂ ----> 2NOCl
The mechanism :
NO + Cl₂ ⇄ NOCl₂ (fast)
NOCl + NO ----> NOCl (slow)
The Rate = k [NOCl₂] [NO]
k [NO] [ Cl₂ ] = k' [NOCl₂ ]
[NOCl₂ ] = K/K' [NO] [ Cl₂ ]
The rate = k K/K' [NO] [ Cl₂ ] [NO]
This confirms that the reaction order is second order with respect to the [NO]. But not the Cl₂.
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How many sp2-hybridized carbon atoms are in the structure shown below? CH2=CHOCH2CH=CH2
А 5 B 4 C 2
D 0 E 3
sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in the structure CH2=CHOCH2CH=CH2 are B) 4.
How many sp2-hybridized carbon atoms are in the structure ?There are 4 sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in the structure shown. The hybridization of carbon atoms can be determined by counting the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs of electrons attached to each carbon atom. In the structure shown, each sp2-hybridized carbon atom is bonded to 3 other atoms (2 other carbons and 1 hydrogen or another element) and has no lone pairs of electrons. Therefore, there are 4 sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in the structure.
Carbon atom is sp2 hybridized when bonding takes place between 1 s-orbital with two p orbitals.
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which type of property can be measured without changing the substance into a new substance?
How many electrons are in the Lewis structure of PO43 -?
In the Lewis structure of PO43- there are a total of 32 valence electrons.
What is the straightforward meaning of valence?
The property of an element that influences how many additional atoms of that element can combine is known as valence, sometimes spelled valency.
The phrase, which first appeared in 1868, is used to represent both the general capacity of combination of an element as well as the corresponding numerical number.
What distinguishes valency electrons from valence electrons?
The ability of an atom to establish covalent bonds with other atoms is known as valency, which is different from valence electron.
For bonding and sharing one or more protons with another atom, valence electrons, on the other hand, are the quantity of electrons required for a compound's outer shell to be complete.
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what does the term amino acid signify about the structure of the molecule? it consists of an amino group and a carboxyl group. it consists of an amino group and a carbonyl group. it consists of an amino group only. it consists of a carboxyl group only.\
An amino acid consists of both an amino group and a carboxyl group (Option A).
The term "amino acid" refers to the basic building blocks of proteins. An amino acid is a molecule consisting of a central carbon atom (alpha carbon) bonded to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a unique side chain (R group) attached to the alpha carbon. Amino acids can be classified into two categories: essential and non-essential. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from dietary sources, while non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body. In protein synthesis, amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides, which then fold into three-dimensional structures known as proteins. The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its unique structure and function. Different proteins can have different numbers of amino acids, ranging from a few to thousands. In summary, the term "amino acid" signifies that the molecule is a building block of proteins and is characterized by the presence of a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain. The specific arrangement of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function.
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what is the atomic number for an element whose mass number is 152, which contains 89 neutrons per atom?
The aggregate mass of the protons and neutrons in a nucleus is represented by the letter A, which is also the symbol for protons and neutrons.
What are the parameter for the atomic number?The sum of the number of neutrons and the number of masses, or A, is equal to the number of protons, or the number of atoms we represented by Z, plus the number of masses.
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus or the number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is the atomic number of that atom. Proton number Equals Atomic number
To determine the atomic mass of a single element's atom, multiply the protons' and neutrons' masses by two.
Therefore, The mass number of an element is determined by the sum of the protons and neutrons: Protons and neutrons make up mass.
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During a game. 4 students scored 10 points. 5 students scored 20 points, and 7 students scored 30 points. What was the average score of the students, to the nearest point?
During a game. 4 students scored 10 points. 5 students scored 20 points, and 7 students scored 30 points. The average score of the students is 21.875.
In everyday terms, an average is one number chosen to represent a list of numbers; it is often the sum of the numbers divided by the number of numbers in the list (the arithmetic mean). The average of the numbers 2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 (which add up to 25) is, for instance, 5. An average could be another statistic like the median or mode depending on the situation.
Average can be calculate as follows:
Average =( student₁ x scored₁) +( student₂ x scored₂) +(student₃x scored₃)
total student
Average score = (4 x10) + (5x 20) + (7 x 30) = 21.875
16
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determine the molarity of a kbr aqueous solution that is 11.5% by mass given that its density is 1.104 g/ml.
The molarity of a KBr aqueous solution that is 11.5% by mass given that its density is 1.104 g/ml is 0.0093 M.
To determine the molarity of a KBr aqueous solution, you need to know the molar mass of KBr and the mass of KBr in the solution.
Given that the solution has a density of 1.104 g/mL and is 11.5% by mass, you can calculate the mass of KBr in the solution and then convert it to moles. Then, divide the number of moles by the volume of the solution to obtain the molarity.
The molar mass of KBr is 119.00 g/mol.
Mass of KBr in the solution = 11.5 g/100 g * 1000 g = 115 g
Number of moles of KBr = 115 g / 119 g/mol = 0.966 mol
Volume of the solution = 115 g / 1.104 g/mL = 104 mL
Molarity = 0.966 mol / 104 mL = 0.0093 M
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list of electron geometry
Linear, trigonal planar, quadrilateral, tetragonal bipyramidal, or octahedral geometries are some examples of electron geometry. Although the molecule's form is changed, the configuration electrons unchanged.
Who or what is an electron?A negative charges new particle known as an electron can either be free or attached to an atom. One of the three principal kinds of particles inside an atom, along with neutrons and protons. is an elementary particle that is linked to the atom.
Why do electrons pass?Electrons are crucial to many physical events. The charge moves from the positive pole to the negative electrode of a battery owing to the electrical pressure caused by the voltage differential between the two terminals.
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which of these is the correct equation for the dissociation of water?
The dissociation of water is H2O + H2O <==> H3O+ + OH–
Dissociation of water:
The water molecule dissociate into the hydroxyl ion and hydrogen ion. The hydrogen ion immediately protonate the other water molecule and form the hydronium ion.
Chemical equation:
H2O + H2O <==> H3O+ + OH–
The equilibrium constant of self ionization of water is given below:
Kw= [H3O+][OH-]
[H3O+] is the concentration of hydronium ion while [OH-] is the concentration of hydroxyl ion.
Kw is called ionic product of water. The value of Kw is 1.0 × 10∧-14 at 25 °C.
The pure water consist of equal concentration of hydroxyl and hydrogen ions. In order to determine the molarity of both ions square root of ionic product (Kw) is taken.
[OH-]=[H+]= 1.0 × 10∧-7 M
In case of acidic solution concentration f hydrogen ions are greater than hydroxide ions. For example,
HCl when dissociate into water gives H+ and Cl-. The H+ ions increases in solution. The equilibrium is this given by water.
H2O ⇆ H+ + OH-
Reaction is forced to wards left. As a result concentration of hydroxide ions decreases.
Hence above given is a correct answer.
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Please categorize each of the following ionic compounds as soluble or insoluble in water. 1. PbF2. 2. LiOH. 3. Na2CO3. 4. CaCO3. 5. AgCl. 6. BaSO4. 7. Ag2SO4. 8. (NH4)2S. 9. PbS 10. (NH4)2SO4. 11. Ca(C2H3O2)2 12. F(OH)2 13. KCL. 14. PbBr2. 15. NaNO3
Ionic compounds which are soluble in water are PbF2, LiOH, Na2CO3, (NH4)2S, (NH4)2SO4, Ca(C2H3O2)2, KCl, NaNO3. Ionic compounds which are insoluble in water are CaCO3, AgCl, BaSO4, Ag2SO4, PbS, Fe(OH)2 and PbBr2.
PbF2- Lead(II) Fluoride. Solubility in water is 0.0671g/100mL at 20C.
LiOH- Lithium Hydroxide. Can exist in anhydrous or hydrated forms.
Na2CO3- Sodium Carbonate. Completely soluble in water and will not form any kind of precipitate.
(NH4)2S- Ammonium sulfate. It is soluble due to its ionic nature and can salt out proteins using precipitation method.
Ca(C2H3O2)2- Calcium acetate. It is a white hygroscopic solid under room temperature.
KCl- Potassium Chloride. Their molecules get surrounded by water. Their ions remain separate and dissolve in water.
NaNO3- Sodium Nitrate. It’s polarity allows it to dissolve in water easily.
CaCO3- Calcium Carbonate. Due to high lattice energy, calcium carbonate is insoluble in water.
AgCl- Sliver Chloride. AgCl is not polar in nature and hence cannot be dissolved in water.
BaSO4- Barium Sulphate. It is insoluble in water since its hydration energy is lower than its lattice energy.
Ag2SO4- Silver Sulfate. It has high lattice energy hence it is not soluble in water.
PbS- Lead Sulfate. Since it is a sulfide it is insoluble in water unless it is paired with specific cations.
Fe(OH)2- Iron(II) Hydroxide. Position of equilibrium lies far away to the left and is hence insoluble in water.
PbBr2- Lead Bromide. Most bromide compounds are insoluble in water.
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