False. Archaeal and bacterial cells do not use chloroplasts for the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some protists that are specialized for photosynthesis.
Archaeal and bacterial cells have different organelles or no organelles for photosynthesis. Archaeal cells may contain pigments similar to chlorophyll for photosynthesis, but these pigments are not located in organelles like chloroplasts. Bacterial cells have a variety of pigment-containing organelles for photosynthesis, including chlorophyll, bacteriochlorophyll, and others. However, these organelles are not chloroplasts. The distinction between chloroplasts and other photosynthetic organelles is important for understanding the evolution of photosynthesis and the diversity of life on Earth.
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select the part whose main job is to sort and package proteins and other substances in a plant cell.
The part whose main job is to sort and package proteins and other substances in plant cells is the golgi body.
The cell is the smallest unit of living organisms that carries out the functions of life. Inside the cell there are various organelles, cytoplasm, and the cell nucleus and the outermost layer of the cell is the cell membrane. In plant cells there is a cell wall composed of pectin for young cells and when mature it is formed from cellulose.
The golgi apparatus is a group of flattened sacs surrounded by a membrane and is present in nearly all eukaryotic cells. These organelles are built by a membrane which is in the form of cisterns, tubules, and vesicles. From the tubules are released small bags that contain materials needed by the enzymes or forming the cell wall. These materials for plant cells can be in the form of protein or other substances such as to form plant cells.
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What is the network of lymphatic vessels?
Recent research has led to the development of solar-powered vehicles. Solar vehicles use panels that collect sun rays that are then converted to electricity by photovoltaic cells. The electricity is stored in a battery that runs the car.Which is the MOST likely reason for developing this type of transportation technology?
The most likely reason for developing this type of transportation technology Energy from solar cars is non-exhaustible.
Solar energy is used to generate electricity for solar cars. The solar panels are attached to the vehicle's surface, typically it's top. Solar energy is converted directly into electrical energy by photovoltaic (PV) cells. Material made of semiconductors makes up the PV cell; The term "semi" refers to its ability to conduct electricity more effectively than an insulator, but not as effective as a metal. PV cells make use of a variety of different semiconductor materials. There are many great advantages to using solar energy to power cars:
Fossil fuels, a scarce resource, will be used less when solar energy is used.Solar power costs nothing.Solar power does not pollute the environment.There will never be enough solar power.Know more about PV cell here: https://brainly.com/question/82317
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Select the answer that reflects the correct pairing of an enzyme and the host tissue it acts upon.A. Hyaluronidase; ground substance of cells B. Keratinase; mucous membranecoatingC. Mucinase; skin and hairD. Coagulase; collagen fibers
The correct pairing of an enzyme and the host tissue it acts upon is A. Hyaluronidase; ground substance of cells. By hydrolyzing hyaluronic acid, a polysaccharide present in the connective tissue's intercellular ground substance as well as in some specialized tissues like the umbilical cord and vitreous humor.
Hyaluronidase is a spreading or diffusing substance that modifies the permeability of connective tissue. Hemolytic streptococci of type A and C have capsules that also contain hyaluronic acid. By cleaving the glucosaminidic connection between the N-acetylglucosamine moiety's C1 and the glucuronic acid moiety's C4, hyaluronidase hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid. This facilitates the absorption of injected fluids or localized transudates or exudates by momentarily reducing the viscosity of the cellular cement and promoting diffusion of these substances.
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A bacterium that only possesses the ability to fermentobtains energy A) by aerobie respiration only B) only in thepresence of oxygen only in the absence
B) only in the presence of oxygen. Fermentation is a metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen and allows bacteria to obtain energy by breaking down sugars or other organic compounds. In contrast, aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more energy than fermentation, but some bacteria are not able to perform it.
Bacteria that only have the ability to ferment obtain energy by this process and are called anaerobic bacteria. They are adapted to grow in environments where oxygen is not available, such as in soil, water, or in the gut of animals. Fermentation is a metabolic process that allows microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria to produce energy by breaking down sugars or other organic compounds in the absence of oxygen. This process produces alcohol, lactic acid, and other by-products, depending on the type of microorganism and the substrate being used. Fermentation is used in many food and beverage production processes, such as the production of bread, beer, and cheese. It is also used in the production of biofuels, such as ethanol, and in the generation of industrial chemicals.
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Which of these foods is actually a fruit in plant biology?
Onion
Pepper
Mushrooms
All of the above
Pepper is actually a fruit in plant biology.
The flowering plant known as black pepper (Piper nigrum), which belongs to the Piperaceae family, is grown for its peppercorn-shaped fruit, which is often dried and used as a spice and condiment. The fruit is a drupe (stonefruit), and it is dark red, about 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter when it is fresh and fully grown, and it has a stone within that carries a single pepper seed. Simply called pepper, peppercorns and the ground pepper made from them can also be more specifically referred to as black pepper (cooked and dried unripe fruit), green pepper (dried unripe fruit), or white pepper (ripe fruit seeds). The Malabar pepper is widely grown there and in other tropical areas. Black pepper is a native of India's Malabar Coast.
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Which technique first produced unequivocal support for the neuron doctrine of the nervous system (as opposed to the reticular theory)?a. Extracellular electrical recordingsb. EEG (electroencephalogram)c. Golgi stain (light microscopy)d. Electron microscopy of nervous tissuee. Acetylcholinesterase staining
C. Golgi stain (light microscopy) The Golgi stain (light microscopy) was the first technique that produced unequivocal support for the neuron doctrine of the nervous system.
The Golgi stain allowed researchers to visualize individual neurons in their entirety, demonstrating that they were distinct, discrete cells rather than a continuous network of cells as suggested by the nervous system theory. The Golgi stain uses a special silver impregnation technique that stains only a small proportion of neurons in a given sample, making it possible to see individual neurons in great detail. This technique provided the first clear evidence for the existence of individual neurons and was crucial in establishing the neuron doctrine as the prevailing theory of the organization of the nervous system. The Golgi stain remains an important tool for studying the anatomy of the nervous system and is still widely used in contemporary neuroscience research.
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Why are the oceans considered a large carbon sink?
A. Carbon gets transferred among all the organisms of every food chain.
B. Phytoplankton takes in carbon through cellular respiration.
C. Decomposition rates in the water are far greater than on land.
D. Water absorbs carbon directly from the atmosphere by diffusion.
Oceans are considered a large carbon sink mainly because they absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere through diffusion. In addition, phytoplankton and other marine organisms also reduce atmospheric CO2 by using it for photosynthesis.
Explanation:The oceans are considered a large carbon sink because they have the ability to absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the atmosphere. This process occurs through diffusion, which is why option D is correct. The water's surface is constantly in contact with the atmosphere, allowing it to absorb CO2. This ability to take in carbon dioxide helps to moderate global climate change as excess carbon dioxide can lead to global warming.
Moreover, phytoplankton and other marine organisms also contribute to the carbon sink nature of the ocean. These organisms undergo photosynthesis, which requires carbon dioxide, therefore helping to further reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. This explains why option B also contributes to the idea of oceans as a carbon sink, but it is not the main reason.
The decomposition rates in water (option C) and carbon transfer among the organisms of the food chain (option A) do not significantly contribute to why oceans are considered a large carbon sink.
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which is a function of the plasma membrane? which is a function of the plasma membrane? regulate transport of dna in and out of the nucleus regulate production of lipids in the cell regulate production of proteins in the cell regulate traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell
The plasma membrane protects the cell from its outside environment. It mediates cellular transport and transmits cellular signals.
The plasma membrane provides protection for a cell. It protects the cell by acting as a barrier that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The plasma membrane provides a fixed environment inside the cell.
Plasma membranes are selectively permeable, meaning that only certain molecules can pass through them.
The plasma membrane transports nutrients into the cell and also transports toxic substances out of the cell. Hence, regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell.
The plasma membrane receives chemical messengers from another cell as it facilitates communication and signaling between cells. It does it through various proteins and carbohydrates in the membrane. Hence, it also acts as a receptor.
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6. suppose you count 35 bacterial cells from a solution that has gone through the following serial dilutions: two 10-fold dilutions, followed by a 5-fold dilution, followed by 2-fold dilution. what should be the bacterial count from the original solution?
35000 cells/ mL be the bacterial count from the original solution
Given:
That ther are 35 cells but volume is not mentioned so let's assume 35 cells are present in 1 mL.
Total dilution factor = product of all individual dilution factors
Total dilution factor= 10×10×5×2=1000
Bacterial count in the original solution = bacterial count in diluted sample × dilution factor= 35×1000=35000 cells/ mL
What is a bacterial cell and its function?Bacteria are prokaryotes with chromosomes made up of a single closed DNA circle and no well-defined nuclei or membrane-bound organelles. They appear in a variety of forms and sizes, including minute spheres, cylinders, and spiral threads, as well as flagellated rods and filamentous chains.
Prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and Archaea) differ fundamentally from eukaryotic cells that comprise other forms of life. Prokaryotic cells are distinguished by a more simpler architecture than eukaryotic ones.
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which of the following is a component of rna but not a component of dna
1. ribose
2. deoxyribose
3. phosphate group
4. Nitrogen bases A C T G
Answer:
RNA is a single-stranded polymer of
nucleotides. It also differs from DNA in
that it contains the sugar ribose, rather
than deoxyribose, and the nucleotide
uracil rather than thymine.
Which specific characteristic is unique to an individual?
The specific characteristic unique to an individual is b. the sequence of DNA nucleotides in the cells.
Why the sequence of DNA nucleotides in the cells is unique?The sequence of DNA nucleotides in the cells is unique because ti dictates the different proteins that may synthesize an organism and it is inherited by the parental lines after the process of fecundation or asexual reproduction.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the sequence of DNA nucleotides in the cells is unique for organisms and it can be inherited as a copy or mixed in the case of fecundation.
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how many bones joints and muscles does a human foot have
Answer:
33 joints, 26 bones, and more than a hundred muscles
That's how many bones joints and muscles a human foot have
TRUE/FALSE. because they connect to all spinal nerves, the rami communicantes allow sympathetic information originating from the thoracolumbar region to be dispersed throughout the body.
This is true that the rami communicantes enable sympathetic information coming from the thoracolumbar region to be distributed throughout the body because they connect to all spinal nerves.
Spinal nerves are assorted nerves that communicate straightforwardly accompanying the sleep-inducing or numbing drug cord to harmonize engine and sensual facts from the body's outskirts. Each nerve forms from nerve fibers, famous as fila radicular, reaching from the posterior (back) and anterior (first) ancestries of the spinal cord.
Think of the spinal nerve as the body of a wood - complete ramus resources branch in Latin, so the basic rami are the arms of a sleep-inducer nerve, inasmuch as the roots combine to form the sleep-inducing or numbing drug nerve. These agreements are very smooth to confuse. The basic rami are assorted extreme anxiety winning both engine and auditory fibers.
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choose all the reasons why is it important for conducting arteries to maintain elasticity.
It is important for conducting arteries to maintain elasticity because their recoil helps maintain blood pressure between heartbeats, their expansion reduces systolic stress on smaller arteries, and their expansion and recoil helps keep the blood flowing during diastole.
Blood flow control in the body is greatly influenced by the vasculature. Blood pressure typically drops from arteries to veins as a result of the pressure overpowering the vessels' resistance. The loss of pressure at any given place in the vasculature is inversely correlated with the magnitude of the change in resistance. Blood pressure (BP), which aids in the movement of blood through the body, is the force that blood applies to the walls of blood vessels. The amount of pressure that blood places on arteries while the heart is pumping is measured by systolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure should be 120 mmHg or less. The pressure in the blood arteries between heartbeats is measured by diastolic blood pressure. 80 mmHg is the ideal diastolic blood pressure.
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The complete question is:
Select all that apply. Why is it important for conducting arteries to maintain elasticity?
Their recoil helps maintain blood pressure between heartbeats.
Their expansion reduces systolic stress on smaller arteries.
Their expansion and recoil helps keep the blood flowing during diastole.
Their recoil ensures that blood pressure is higher during diastolic than during systole.
Lipids form membranes in and around cells. How does the chemical structure of a lipid allow it to form these membranes? (You may want to think about concepts like being hydrophobic/hydrophilic, being amphipathic, and bilayers.)
Answer:
The cell membrane is composed of a fluid mosaic model
fluid refers to the phospholipid bilayer
phospholipid consists of a hydrophilic head (water-loving) and hydrophobic tail (water-hating), hence the hydrophilic heads should be facing outside in contact with the body fluids, and the hydrophobic tails are concentrated in the core part of the phospholipid bilayer
mosaic refers to the proteins embedded onto the cell membrane
there are three types in total
1. Channel proteins 2. Carrier proteins 3. Enzymes (which facilitate digestion)
hope this helps!!!!
Phospholipids, glycolipids, protein, and cholesterol play important roles in the cell layer.
Phospholipids are phosphorus-containing lipids. Glycolipids are lipids that include sugar. The last option is only found on the cell film's exterior surface, acting as separate surface identifiers for the cell and afterwards helping in cell recognition and cell-to-cell connection. Sphingolipids are phospholipids or glycolipids that include sphingosine, an unsaturated amino liquor, rather than glycerol.
The phospholipids form a lipid bilayer or film in which the hydrophobic tails all line up to keep water out of the cell while the hydrophilic heads showcase the water. The phospholipid bilayer provides two important functions. It separates the cell material from the surrounding environment.
Because the interior of the phospholipid bilayer is nonpolar, only small uncharged particles such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water may pass freely through the film via dispersion or osmosis. The phospholipid bilayer prevents large atoms from passing through. Lipids are excellent energy reservoirs. It is built of long chains of unsaturated fat, such as C-H bonds, which break to release a lot of energy.
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A hormone that is to be secreted, or released, from a cell is most likely to be found in the _____.
A hormone that is to be secreted, or released, from a cell is most likely to be found in the bloodstream.
How do hormones travel throughout the body?Hormones are released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands. Six hormones are produced by cell clusters in the anterior pituitary and released into the bloodstream.
Hormones produced and released by various cell cluster types include: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is produced by corticotrophs (ACTH), and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by Thyrotrophs.
Therefore, blood is responsible for the movement of the hormone throughout the body.
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in a population in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequency of the allele for albinism is 0.09. what percentage of the population is homozygous for this allele?
The population homozygous for this allele amounts for 0.81% of the total. Option is C correct.
The prevalence of the albinism allele is 0.09.
The homozygous genotypic frequency is (0.09)^= 0.0081.
It is 0.81% in percentage terms.
In the absence of disruptive factors, genetic variation inside a population will remain the same from generation to generation, according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The rule says that when mating is random in a large population with no disruptive events, both genotype and allele frequencies will remain constant since they are in equilibrium.
A variety of causes can disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, including mutations, natural selection, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, and gene flow. By bringing new alleles into a population, mutations, for example, upset the balance of allele frequencies.
The complete question is
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequency of the allele for albinism is 0.09. What percentage of the population is homozygous for this allele?
A. 0.045%
B. 0.09%
C. 0.81%
D. 0.16%
E. 0.91 %
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the class of neurotransmitters called neuropeptides include which neurotransmitter(s)?
The class of neurotransmitters called neuropeptides include which neurotransmitter(s) is Enkephalins and substance P
Numerous peptide molecules that function as neurotransmitters in the nervous system are members of the class of neurotransmitters known as neuropeptides. A few instances of neuropeptides are as follows:
Substance P
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Enkephalins
Dynorphins
Endorphins
Ghrelin
The perception of pain, the control of the autonomic nervous system, and the regulation of mood and behaviour are just a few of the physiological processes in which these neuropeptides are crucial players. To control intricate brain processes, they frequently cooperate with more established neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
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The class of neurotransmitters called neuropeptides include which neurotransmitter(s)?:
A. Dopamine and serotonin
B. Enkephalins and substance P
C. Acetylcholine
D. Norepinephrine
consider the first copy of an allele for insecticide resistance that arises by mutation in a population of insects exposed to an insecticide. if, after some generations, we find that most of the population is resistant and shares in this mutation, is it likely that this resistance is an adaptation?
Consider the first copy of an allele for insecticide resistance that arises by mutation in a population of insects exposed to an insecticide, the resistance we get after few generation is due to adaptation.
In biology, there are three related definitions of adaptation. First, natural selection, a dynamic evolutionary process, adapts organisms to their environments, improving their evolutionary fitness. Second, it is a state that the populace has attained throughout that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait that has been preserved and has evolved through natural selection and has a functional role in each individual organism.
Most insecticides have been successfully adapted to by insects, who have developed resistance to them. This adaption, which is recent and has rapidly and independently evolved in many different species, is extremely significant from an economic and medical standpoint. Resistance is thought to be pre-adaptive and to develop through recurring mutation of pre-existing alleles, while its exact origins are yet unknown.
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dna repair mechanisms can help alleviate the effects of
DNA damage. DNA repair mechanisms are processes that cells use to fix or repair any damage or errors in the DNA molecule. The DNA damage can be caused by various factors, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, and normal cellular metabolic processes. If the DNA damage is not repaired, it can lead to mutations, genomic instability, and cell death. DNA repair mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the genetic material and preventing diseases such as cancer and aging.
Base Excision Repair (BER): This mechanism repairs damaged bases in the DNA molecule by removing them and replacing them with the correct base, Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER): This mechanism removes large sections of damaged DNA and replaces them with new nucleotides, Double-Strand Break Repair: This mechanism repairs double-stranded breaks in the DNA molecule, which can be caused by exposure to ionizing radiation or other sources of DNA damage. Mismatch Repair: This mechanism corrects errors that occur during DNA replication, where a wrong nucleotide is incorporated into the DNA strand. Overall, DNA repair mechanisms help to maintain the integrity of the genetic material and prevent the harmful effects of DNA damage.
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*20 POINTS*
Evolution occurs only when the conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are not satisfied. What are the conditions for maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population of beetles for evolution? Drag each sentence into the correct box.
Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Conditions for evolution to occur
When a population reaches Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it stops evolving and allele frequencies remain constant across generations. Hardy-Weinberg assumptions include no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.
EXPECTATIONS FOR HARDY
There should be no mutations in the beetle population because new alleles would change the allele frequencies.Beetle mating should occur at random.Natural selection should not occur in the beetle population.The population of beetles must be large enough to prevent genetic drift.There should be no beetle migration into or out of the population.EVOLUTIONARY CONDITIONS-
Green beetles benefit from natural selection.Purple mutants can be found among the Beatles.Because preferred mates are red, these people reproduce.A forest fire killed a large number of brown beetles.There are still a significant number of yellow beetles.To know more about Hardy Weinberg’s equilibrium click here,
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Instructions: For each problem, complete a dihybrid cross and calculate the ratios of each genotype.
Ex) A tall green pea plant (TTGG) is crossed with a short white pea plant (ttgg).
TT or Tt = tall
tt = short GG or Gg = green gg = white
TG
TG
TG
TG
WW
tg
TtGg
TtGg
TtGg
TtGg
tg
TtGg
TtGg
TtGg
TtGg
WW
tg
TtGg
TtGg
TtGg
TtGg
tg
TtGg
TtGg
TtGg
TtGg
Tall/Green:
Tall/White:
Short/Green:
Short/ White
A dihybrid cross is a mating experiment between two organisms that are genetically identical in two ways. The genotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross between a tall green plan (TTGG) and a short white plant (ttgg) is 1:2:2:4:1:2:1:2:1.
Any trait has two alleles/genes dominant and recessive. The dominant allele is the one that can be expressed in both homozygous as well as heterozygous conditions of the gene. At the same time, the recessive gene is only expressed when it is present in the homozygous state.
A dihybrid cross is a cross between two people who have two observed traits that are controlled by two different genes. Gregor Mendel developed the concept of a dihybrid cross after observing pea plants that were either yellow or green, round or wrinkled.
The dihybrid cross between a tall green plan (TTGG) and a short white plant (ttgg) iyields the following nine genotypes: TTGG (1), TTGg (2), TtGG (2), TtGg (4), TTgg (1), Ttgg (2), ttGG (1), ttGg (2), and ttgg (1).
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pls help me
Adelaide and Emma Rose created two brand new breeds of flowers: one lime green (GG) and one bright orange (OO). Green is codominant with orange. If they cross a lime green flower with a bright orange flower, what percentage should be both green AND orange?
What percentage of the offspring will be both orange and green
The percentage of the offspring that will be both orange and green if green in codominance is 100 percent since codominance is a type of allele interaction that produces a new non-mixed phenotype.
What is codominance genetic allele interaction?The phenomenon of codominance is a genetic allele interaction where both alleles are expressed in the same cell, thereby there is no dominant allele.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that codominance genetic allele interaction leads to the expression of both alleles for a given gene locus and a new phenotype.
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Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through. A. Conjugation B. Transformation C. Transduction D. All of these. D. All of these.
Option D, Microbial resistance to drugs is the ability of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi to resist the effects of antimicrobial drugs, making it difficult to treat infections.
Microbial resistance can occur through several mechanisms including conjugation, transformation drug, and transduction. Conjugation refers to the transfer of genetic material between bacteria through direct cell-to-cell contact. Transformation is the uptake and incorporation of free DNA from the environment into a bacterium's genome. Transduction involves the transfer of genetic Microbial resistance material from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage. All of these mechanisms can contribute to the Microbial resistance development of drug-resistant strains of microorganisms and pose a significant threat to public health.
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a scientist wants to improve the effectiveness of a technique in which bacteria are used to consume the oil. where should the scientist add the bacteria to maximize their effectiveness? the bacteria should be added to the surface spill regions. the bacteria should be added near the fish to protect animal life. the bacteria should be carried to the ocean floor and deposited there. the bacteria should be sprayed into the air.
The scientist should add the bacteria to the surface spill regions to maximize their effectiveness in consuming the oil.
The most sensible and efficient course of action by scientist is to introduce the bacteria to the region where the spill has happened since they are being used to clean up an oil spill. The bacteria will be able to directly contact with the oil and begin the process of breaking it down into less toxic compounds by being added to the surface spill areas.
The surrounding environment may suffer less from the addition of the bacteria around the fish to protect animal life, but it may not always be the most efficient technique to clean up the oil spill. It is not possible to transport the bacteria to the ocean floor and deposit them there since it would be challenging to manage the bacterium's spread there. Spraying
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a modern understanding of the role of genes indicates that each psychological trait is influenced by how many genes?
A modern understanding of the role of genes in psychology suggests that most psychological traits are influenced by multiple genes, with the exact number varying depending on the trait in question. This is because many traits are polygenic, meaning they are influenced by the combined effects of many genes, each of which may have a small effect.
The exact number of genes that influence a specific psychological trait is not known. Psychological traits are thought to be influenced by a complex interaction of many genes, each with a small effect, as well as environmental factors. The idea that a single gene determines a psychological trait has been largely discredited and replaced with the concept of polygenic inheritance. It is estimated that many psychological traits are influenced by hundreds or thousands of genes.
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What happens when your blood sugar rises?
Answer: lots of things
Explanation: Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) means there is too much sugar in the blood because the body lacks enough insulin. Associated with diabetes, hyperglycemia can cause vomiting, excessive hunger and thirst, rapid heartbeat, vision problems and other symptoms. Untreated hyperglycemia can lead to serious health problems.
which is the product of photosynthesis after a plant absorbs light?
Glucose and oxygen are the end products of photosynthesis. Despite the fact that hydrogen atoms from water molecules are needed in photosynthesis processes, oxygen molecules are liberated as oxygen gas (O2).
(This is great news for species that need oxygen for cellular respiration, such as people and plants!) Photons of the proper wavelength will impact and be absorbed by the pigment-protein complexes arranged on the thylakoid membranes when a plant is exposed to light. When this happens, the photon's energy is transmitted to the pigment molecule, causing the pigment to become electrically excited.
The light phase is the initial stage of photosynthesis, during which light is absorbed by complexes of chlorophylls and proteins known as photosystems (placed in the chloroplasts).
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the kidneys are fully enclosed by the ribs for protection/ True or False, explain
False. The kidneys are not fully enclosed by the ribs for protection. The kidneys are located in the abdomen, not the thorax, and are partially covered by the ribcage.
The right kidney is located slightly lower than the left kidney, and both are situated just below the diaphragm, the muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen. The lower part of each kidney is covered by a layer of fat, which helps to protect it, but the ribcage does not fully enclose the kidneys.
Instead, the ribs provide some indirect protection to the kidneys by helping to protect the lower back and spine, which is where the spinal column is located. This helps to prevent injury to the kidneys in case of a fall or other traumatic event.
However, it is not the primary role of the ribcage to protect the kidneys, and the kidneys are not fully enclosed by the ribs. The main function of the ribs is to protect the lungs, heart, and other important organs in the thorax.
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