Answer:
Explanation:Key points:
Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule.
Transcription is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template).
Transcription has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
In eukaryotes, RNA molecules must be processed after transcription: they are spliced and have a 5' cap and poly-A tail put on their ends.
Transcription is controlled separately for each gene in your genome.
Introduction
Have you ever had to transcribe something? Maybe someone left a message on your voicemail, and you had to write it down on paper. Or maybe you took notes in class, then rewrote them neatly to help you review.
As these examples show, transcription is a process in which information is rewritten. Transcription is something we do in our everyday lives, and it's also something our cells must do, in a more specialized and narrowly defined way. In biology, transcription is the process of copying out the DNA sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of RNA.
Overview of transcription
Transcription is the first step in gene expression, in which information from a gene is used to construct a functional product such as a protein. The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy, or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Eukaryotic transcripts need to go through some processing steps before translation into proteins.
In transcription, a region of DNA opens up. One strand, the template strand, serves as a template for synthesis of a complementary RNA transcript. The other strand, the coding strand, is identical to the RNA transcript in sequence, except that it has uracil (U) bases in place of thymine (T) bases.
Example:
Coding strand: 5'-ATGATCTCGTAA-3'
Template strand: 3'-TACTAGAGCATT-5'
RNA transcript: 5'-AUGAUCUCGUAA-3'
For a protein-coding gene, the RNA transcript contains the information needed to synthesize a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit) with a particular amino acid sequence. In this case:
RNA transcript (acting as messenger RNA): 5'-AUGAUCUCGUAA-3'
Polypeptide: Met-Ile-Ser-STOP
In transcription, a region of DNA opens up. One strand, the template strand, serves as a template for synthesis of a complementary RNA transcript. The other strand, the coding strand, is identical to the RNA transcript in sequence, except that it has uracil (U) bases in place of thymine (T) bases.
Example:
Coding strand: 5'-ATGATCTCGTAA-3' Template strand: 3'-TACTAGAGCATT-5' RNA transcript: 5'-AUGAUCUCGUAA-3'
For a protein-coding gene, the RNA transcript contains the information needed to synthesize a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit) with a particular amino acid sequence. In this case:
RNA transcript (acting as messenger RNA): 5'-AUGAUCUCGUAA-3' Polypeptide: Met-Ile-Ser-STOP
RNA polymerase
The main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA. Specifically, RNA polymerase builds an RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction, adding each new nucleotide to the 3' end of the strand.
RNA polymerase synthesizes an RNA strand complementary to a template DNA strand. It synthesizes the RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction, while reading the template DNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction. The template DNA strand and RNA strand are antiparallel.
RNA transcript: 5'-UGGUAGU...-3' (dots indicate where nucleotides are still being added at 3' end)
DNA template: 3'-ACCATCAGTC-5'
RNA polymerase synthesizes an RNA strand complementary to a template DNA strand. It synthesizes the RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction, while reading the template DNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction. The template DNA strand and RNA strand are antiparallel.
RNA transcript: 5'-UGGUAGU...-3' (dots indicate where nucleotides are still being added at 3' end) DNA template: 3'-ACCATCAGTC-5'
Stages of transcription
Transcription of a gene takes place in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Here, we will briefly see how these steps happen in bacteria. You can learn more about the details of each stage (and about how eukaryotic transcription is different) in the stages of transcription article.
Initiation. RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.
What 2 chemicals are inside skeletal muscle?
Answer:
Skeletal muscle tissue is composed of cells called muscle fibers. When the nervous system signal reaches the neuromuscular junction a chemical message is released by the motor neuron. The chemical message, a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, binds to receptors on the outside of the muscle fiber.
The 2 chemicals inside skeletal muscle are : i) Organophosphate ( OP ) and ii) Acetylcholine ( ACh )
The skeletal muscle is toxic in nature due to the presence of certain chemicals ( Organophosphate and Acetylcholine ). and this causes the skeletal muscle to experience some level of toxicity. some of the toxic effects caused by the presence of these chemicals in the skeletal muscle include :
weakness of the muscle.partial/complete paralysis.muscle hyperactivity.Hence we can conclude that the 2 chemicals that can be found inside skeletal muscle are Organophosphate ( OP ) and Acetylcholine ( ACh )
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3. Which of the following types of molecules is found in genetic material?
A.cellulose
B.enzymes
C.lipids
D.nucleic acid
Answer:
D. Nucleic acid
Explanation:
There are two types: DNA and RNA
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid
What is a phenotype?
Hi, please answer this
Also for the last box the options is either 24 hours of darkness or 24 hours of daylight
Answer: I wanna say that’s right
Explanation:
Explain how diffusion is used to support the life processes of animals. Your answer should include two named substances and two different areas of the body.
Please help.
Earthy, shiny, waxy, metallic, and pearly are terms used to describe a mineral's luster.
What might a scientist observe about a mineral that would help the scientist classify the
luster as metallic?
We have that for the Question it can be said that
Shinny minerals a conclusion of reflective properties will be madeIf the mineral is smooth and looks like glassThese properties of the luster might help the scientist classify the luster as metallic.
From the question we are told
Earthy, shiny, waxy, metallic, and pearly are terms used to describe a mineral's luster.
What might a scientist observe about a mineral that would help the scientist classify the
luster as metallic?
Generally
Shinny minerals a conclusion of reflective properties will be madeIf the mineral is smooth and looks like glassTherefore
These properties of the luster might help the scientist classify the luster as metallic.
Shinny minerals a conclusion of reflective properties will be madeIf the mineral is smooth and looks like glass
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Which kingdoms include organisms that create cellular energy (ATP) through respiration?
I. Archaebacteria
II. Fungi
III. Plantae
IV. Animalia
V. Protista
VI. Eubacteria
A.
II and IV only
B.
I and VI only
C.
I, II, IV, V, and VI only
D.
I, II, III, IV, V, and VI
Answer:
D.
I, II, III, IV, V, and VI
What do the two arrows represent?
A. Arrow 1 represents prophase, and arrow 2 represents interphase.
B. Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represent meiosis.
C. Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.
D. Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.
Complete question:
This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.
What do the two arrows represent?
A. Arrow 1 represents prophase, and arrow 2 represents interphase.
B. Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represent meiosis.
C. Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.
D. Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.
(You will find the cycle in the attached files)
Answer:
C. Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.
Explanation:
When we talk about the whole cell cycle we are referring to the interphase and the cell division (mitosis or meiosis).
Interphase: Represented in the cycle by arrow 1.
The interphase is the previous step before mitosis occurs. The interphase is conformed of the G1, S, and G2 stages.
• During the G1 stage, it occurs a high intense biochemical activity. The cell duplicates its size, and the organelles and other molecules and cytoplasmatic structures duplicate too. Some structures, such as microtubules and actin filaments, are synthesized from zero. The endoplasmic reticulum increases in size and produces a membrane for the Golgi apparatus and vacuoles, lysosomes, and vesicles. During this stage, the pair of centrioles separate, and each centriole duplicates. Mitochondria and chloroplasts also replicate.
• During the S stage occurs the DNI replication process. At this point, also occurs the synthesis of histones and other associated proteins. This is the only stage where the DNI molecule is replicated.
• G2 stage is the final one before the cellular division. Here begins the slow process of DNI condensation. Duplication of centrioles completes. Structures such as spindle fibers are assembled.
Once the whole interphase is completed, mitosis occurs.
Mitosis: Represented in the cycle by arrow 2.
Mitosis is a process by which, from a diploid somatic cell (2n), two daughter diploid cells (2n) are produced. During mitosis, the cell separates. Mitosis is divided into four phases (these phases are shown in the cycle with different gray color tones). In the prophase, it occurs chromosomes condensation and nuclear membrane breaks. During the metaphase, fibers of the spindle apparatus capture chromosomes and take them toward the center of the cell, to the equatorial plane, where they line up. Each chromatid joins with a microtubule of opposites poles. Sister chromatids are held together until they reach the Anaphase, during which other enzymes are activated to break the bonds and separate the chromatids, which migrate to the opposite poles. In telophase, the duplicated chromosomes are already in the corresponding poles, and the nuclear membrane forms again in each pole. Finally, occurs cytokinesis.
all you need is in the photo
ASAP
Answer:
It is translation
Explanation:
The translation is the process of protein synthesis where the information on RNA is expressed in the form of polypeptide chains.
Answer: transcription
Explanation:
There are 10 pieces of candy in a bowl and 2 of them are chocolate. What percentage of the pieces of candy in the bowl are chocolate?
Answer:
20%
Explanation:
2 out of 10 is the same as 20 out of 100. So 2/10 = 2/100 or 20%
Ionic bonds are formed between _____ and involved the ____ of ions
Answer:
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between a cation, which is usually a metal, and an anion, which is usually a nonmetal. A covalent bond involves a pair of electrons being shared between atoms.
:
1. What characteristic does a lynx, chimpanzee and human have in common?
Answer:
They have four limbs
Explanation:
THey have four limbs
3. Which of the following plant adaptations give evidence that herbivores have caused (or have driven) evolution
in some plant species to protect themselves against being eaten? Select the best two answer choices
the ability to climb
O the production of toxic chemicals
thors
mechanisms for seed dispersal
© sweet fruits
brightly-colored flowers
Answer:
The production of toxic chemicals
Thorns
Explanation:
3. How many membranes does the
nucleus have?
Answer:
2 membrans
Explanation:
Craig rides a skateboard on the sidewalk in front of the mall, traveling at 18km/h. How much time would it take him to travel 6.0km?
I really need help, on learning how to slove this, there more to it than just d/t TxT
Answer:
0.33hours
Explanation:
The speed of a moving body can be calculated by using the formula;
Speed = distance ÷ time
According to the information provided, the time it would take Craig to ride the skateboard on the sidewalk at an average speed of 18km/h for a distance of 6km is being asked.
Hence, derived from the above formula;
Time = Distance/speed
Time = 6/18
Time (hr) = 0.3333hr or 19.8minutes
The internal systems of organisms and how materials circulate within organisms. Question 4 options: organ tissue Living System homeostasis
Answer:
Living System
Explanation:
Living system can be defined as the internal systems of organisms and how materials circulate within organisms.
Generally, these living systems are self-organized life forms and are known to be very much interactive with their surroundings or environment. Also, living systems are dependent on the flow of information, matter and energy at various levels.
Some examples of living systems in organisms are respiratory system, nervous system, digestive system, and circulatory system.
Additionally, living systems comprises of the following components; cells, organs, muscle, tissues, blood, etc.
Answer:
Living system is correct!
Explanation:
I took the test!
need help with this ?
Answer:
The first sentence changed by having the word "fat" added. The second sentence changed by the "d" is gone from the word dog and the rest of the letters afterward kind of combined.
Explanation:
Which graph best represents directional selection?
Graph A
Graph B
Graph C
And I think the answer is Graph B
What is the audible sound of human? Tell me exact answer.
Answer:
Explanation:
The human ear can easily detect frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 kHz. Hence, sound waves with frequency ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz is known are audible sound. The human ear is sensitive to every minute pressure difference in the air if they are in the audible frequency range.
Answer:
The human ear can easily detect frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 kHz. Hence, sound waves with frequency ranging from 20 Hz to 20 kHz is known are audible sound. The human ear is sensitive to every minute pressure difference in the air if they are in the audible frequency range.
Hope this helped!
You would most likely find ants living in hollow spaces without causing harm to the plant in which of the following?
A)
epiphytes
B)
browses
C)
myrmecophytes
D)
folivores
E)
hedgerows
Answer: The correct option is C.
myrmecophytes.
Explanation:
This is because ants and myrmecophytes have mutualistic relationship in which the plants provide food, and accomodation to the ants through the structural adaptations of plants like dormatia, fruiting bodies, nectaries flowers. The ants inturn ahelp the myrmecophyte in pollination, seed dispersal, to defend it against Intruders and also help it to gather nutrients.
Animals are an example of me. Prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Both types of cells.
What issue might be present in the soil if the ration to Nitrogen (N), Phosphate (P)
and Potassium (K) are sufficient, but the leaves of a
plant are showing phosphate and potassium deficiency?
Answer:
Low level of nitrogen in the soil.
Adding organic materials poor in mineral nitrogen to the soil, which encourages the subsistence of soil microorganisms on mineral nitrogen to break down these materials, and this causes a temporary reduction in the proportion of mineral nitrogen in the soil.
Soil drought.
Problems with root growth due to soil compression or disease.
1. Creation of offspring of the same kind *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Reproduction
Respiration
2. Using oxygen to release energy from food *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration
3. A young elephant eventually weights more than 12,000 pounds *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration
4. A mouse is composed of cells *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration
5. A person maintains a stable body temperature and blood sugar levels *
Nutrition
Groth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration
6. A bean seed produces a bean plant *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration
7. Responding to changes in the environment
utrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration
8. A worm turns away from a hot, bright light *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration
9. An organism obtains materials from the environment to help it grow and get energy *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration
10. What is the smallest unit of all living things? *
Organs
Cells
Energy
Atoms
Answer:
1. Reproduction
Explanation:
is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents". Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction.
How does meiosis play a role in the evolution of a species
A. It increases the reproduction rate of the species
B.it increases the amount of genetic variation in the species
C. It reduces the amount of competition between members of the species
D. It increases the ability of individuals in the species to obtain resources
Answer:
The correct answer is - option B. it increases the amount of genetic variation in the species.
Explanation:
Meiosis is a type of cell division that takes place in sex cells or reproductive cells. There is crossing over takes place which is a process where the genetic exchange of chromosomes occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
The crossing over leads to the new genetic combinations of genetic material which result in the genetic variation in species. This variation plays a role in the natural selection and evolution of species.
What type of evolutionary mechanism did this story show?
Allele frequencies in a population may change due to four fundamental forces of evolution: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, Mutations and Gene Flow. Mutations are the ultimate source of new alleles in a gene pool. Two of the most relevant mechanisms of evolutionary change are: Natural Selection and Genetic Drift.
This story showed an example of convergent evolution. Convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms that are not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
What is in the story ?In this story, the two species of birds, the crows and the jays, evolved to look similar as a result of living in the same environment and competing for the same resources.
The two species evolved to look similar in order to blend in with their environment, making it difficult for predators to distinguish them from one another. This allowed them to survive and thrive in the same environment.
Therefore, This example of convergent evolution is a perfect example of how species can evolve to look similar in order to survive in the same environment. It also shows how competition for resources can drive species to evolve similar traits in order to survive.
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The theory of continental drift
1.was based on the distribution of rock types, fossils and structures.
2.was accepted by most geologist during Wegener's lifetime.
3.was based on oceanic fossils and basalt.
4.suggested that the original land forms were large islands.
Answer: 1. Was based on the distribution of rock types, fossils, and structures.
Explanation: Good luck! :D
Hey! for the women and girls, BOYS LEAVE lol
anyone know how to get rid of strong fishy odor "down there"? My little sister is becoming a woman and I never had a big problem with the odor but she does sadly! She needs some help, I know tea used as a wash and probiotics help, but anything else? :D thank you ladies! And some points for ya'll
Answer:
maybe cleaning herself with some soap? or use some perfume
Explanation:
At which latitudes do we find Earth's major deserts?
Answer: Around 30-50 degrees of latitude. This is roughly right above and below the equator.
Which structure is present during cell division in plant cells that is not present in animal cells?
Answer:
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Large Vaculoe
Explanation:
None of these are found in an animal cell.
Explain why John converted change in mass to percentage change in mass.
Answer:
Explanation:
The difference in mass does not deal with the proportional aspect of the solutions, making the results less accurate. The percent was calculated to give an exact difference, along with considering the quantities of solution.
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