The term for the same (or similar) features arising in separate taxa not descended from a single close ancestor is called evolutionary convergence.
Also called as convergent evolution. It is the independently occurring evolution of the same characteristics (such as body shape or behavior) among species or lineages that are unrelated or just distantly related and that often occupy the same ecological niches or locations.
Convergent evolution describes the development of similar or "analogous" structures across separate lineages that cannot be explained by the existence of a common ancestor.
A phenotypic resemblance may exist, in which case the lineages share the visible feature but have different underlying DNA sequences.
When species occupy comparable ecological niches and respond similarly to similar selective pressures, this is known as convergence in evolution.
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Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is best categorized as what type of vaccine?
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is best categorized as purified preparations of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide.
Explain pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.The immunizations known as pneumococcal vaccines protect against the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium. There are two types of these vaccines: conjugate vaccine and polysaccharide vaccine. Different doses of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) are advised depending on the patient population. Patients from six weeks to six years are included. For all individuals 65 years of age and over, as well as younger patients with diseases that raise the risk of acquiring pneumococcal pneumonia or invasive pneumococcal illness, the PPSV23 pneumococcal vaccination is recommended in the United States. For people with AIDS and HIV, PPSV23 is a crucial vaccine. Both vaccines support active immunization against the conjugate and capsular polysaccharide serotypes used in the vaccine formulation.
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Why is it important for us to isolate a single colony of bacteria from the chicken farm sample?
It is important for us to isolate a single colony of bacteria from the chicken farm sample so as to get a genetically similar colony of bacteria.
One of the main techniques for dividing distinct groups of microorganisms is the isolation of bacteria. It is the technique that enables us to distinguish between various bacterial groupings based on their growth patterns. Depending on their growth requirements and additional parameters like temperature, pH, oxygen availability, etc., various bacteria will grow in different ways on different nutritional media. The identification and classification of bacteria depend on the isolation of the bacterium. Thus, we need to isolate single colony to get genetically similar bacterial growth.
In order to isolate bacteria, samples must be collected, preserved, cultured, and examined under a microscope. Clinical samples (such as blood, urine, infection sites, etc.), environmental samples (such as air, water, and soil), and dietary samples can all be used to create the specimen collection.
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Where would you predict an facultative anaerobe would grow in a tube of fluid thioglycollate medium?
Facultative or aerotolerant anaerobes can grow throughout the medium but will primarily grow in the middle of the tube, between the oxygen-rich and oxygen-free zones.
What is a facultative anaerobe?A facultative anaerobic organism is described as an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent.
The condition for the growth is that facultative anaerobes are bacteria that can grow in both the presence or absence of oxygen.
In addition to oxygen concentration, the oxygen reduction potential of the growth medium influences bacterial growth.
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In recent years, farm production has stopped growing in the United States, and agriculture research is no longer a priority; it constitutes only 2 percent of federal research and development spending. And, according to the Department of Agriculture, total agricultural production has slowed significantly since the turn of the century. We need another ambitious surge in agricultural science. Experience has shown that the best way forward is funding research through a competitive process. There is a program in the Agriculture Department that embraces these tenets, the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, and its research grants show great promise. New, hardier varieties of corn are being developed from tropical species that can better withstand heat, drought and changes to the environment. The probiotics found in fermented products like yogurt are being tested to replace antibiotics used in animal husbandry. And nanotechnology and electrified micro-coatings of water are being applied to some produce, to prevent food poisoning. Government research is even exploring how to double the rate of photosynthesis and eliminate the need for pesticides. The potential is great, but the program has never been fully funded. Despite a $25 million increase in the omnibus budget agreement, the budget of the department's research initiative sits at half of what Congress authorized in 2008 when it created the program. Now more than ever, we need to embrace twenty-first century science, fund it and turn it loose so we can develop better methods of putting food on the table. Our world is changing; the way we grow and produce food needs a much richer diet of scientific ingenuity to keep pace. From the New York Times. © 2016 The New York Times. All rights reserved. A. Funding should be obtained primarily through environmental conservation agencies.
B. There is no need for additional funding because the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative has received a $25 million increase since 2008.
C. More funding is continually needed because the agricultural research programs have never been completely financially supported.
D. Funding should be primarily obtained from the private sector and not from the federal government.
Farm production should start More funding is continually needed because the agricultural research programs have never been completely financially supported.
Due to the advantages of cover crops in reducing soil erosion, preserving water quality, and improving soil health, the USDA encouraged the planting of them in fields where farmers were unable to grow. According to the research, producers have planted cover crops on 2.71 million acres so far in 2019 compared to 2.14 million acres at this point in 2018 and 1.88 million acres at this point in 2017.
The haying and grazing dates of cover crops were altered by the USDA's Risk Management Agency (RMA), and the Natural Resources Conservation Service hosted signup events in a few states that provided producers assistance in planting cover crops. In the meanwhile, the USDA granted more flexibility to aid harmed growers, such as extending the deadline for filing acreage reports in a few states need high food production.
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What organelle are the dark spots in each cell?
The dark spots that appear in each cell are called the nucleolus.
The nucleolus is the largest structure that exists in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is the site where the synthesis of ribosomes happened. It also participates in the formation of signal recognition particles and in the alteration of transfer RNA.
The nucleolus is made of DNA, RNA, and proteins. In cells, nucleolus can be seen as dark spots that exist inside the cell's nucleus.
Attached below is an image that shows each organelle that exists in a eukaryotic cell. The nucleolus is labeled as the number 1.
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an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli. is called___
An improvement in sensory processing after repeated exposure to constant stimuli. referred to as adaption.
'What are adaptations?'
In biology, adaptation is the process by which a species adjusts to its environment; it is the outcome of natural selection acting on heritable variation over a number of generations. In a wide range of ways, including their structure, physiology, genetics, mode of mobility or dispersal, means of defense and assault, mode of reproduction and development, and in other areas, organisms are adapted to their environments.
The term "adaptation" has been used to describe relationships between design and function as well as how one thing fits into another from the early 17th century, not from its use in evolutionary biology today.
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The difference between mitosis and meiosis are as follows:_____
Mitosis takes place in somatic cells, which are not used for sexual reproduction, whereas meiosis occurs in germ cells, which are used for sexual reproduction.
What distinguishes meiosis from mitosis?Meiosis creates cells that really are genetically diverse from the parent and have half as much DNA as mitosis, which divides a single "parent" cell into two genetically identical "daughter" cells. The majority of the body's cells undergo mitosis on a regular basis, whereas some do just more frequently than others.
What three key distinctions exist between meiosis and mitosis?Meiosis comprises of two steps, whereas mitosis only has one. Meiosis creates haploid cells, whereas mitosis creates diploid cell lines (46 chromosomes) 23 chromosomes. During mitosis, two identical.
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active transport of nutrients occurs when nutrients need to move from higher concentration to lower concentration. True or False
False, active transport of nutrients occurs when nutrients need to move from higher concentration to lower concentration.
Nutrients must migrate against the gradient of concentration when they must go from a lower concentration to a greater concentration. Energy in the form of ATP, which is provided by the plant's cells, is needed for this. In order for ions and other molecules to move across the cell membrane, active transport is required. This is why active transport is so crucial for many physiological processes in plants, such as the uptake of nutrients from the soil. Active transport is responsible to majority of the activities inside the cell. It helps in transport, growth etc.
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How many parts are there in a nucleotide?
The components of a nucleotide are a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a base that contains nitrogen.
What do a nucleoside and a nucleotide mean?All living things use nucleosides to encode, transmit, and express its genetic information. DNA and RNA's building blocks, nucleotides, are nucleic acids. A nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and at least one phosphate group constitute a nucleotide.
Which four types of nucleotides are there?The two strands of DNA are linked together by these chemical bonds, that function like rungs on a ladder. DNA contains the bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (T). These bases come in particular pairs (A with T, and G with C).
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The component of homeostasis called the ______, is the sensory nerve body structure that detects changes in a variable, which is either the substance or process that is regulated.
in drosophila, white eyes are an x-linked character. the mutant allele for white eyes is recessive to the wild type allele for red eye color. a. a white eyed female is cross mated with her father. what will be the eye color of the offspring of this cross
The offspring's eye color of this cross is dependent on the father's genotype.
If the father is homozygous wild type (RR), all of the female offspring will have red eyes. If the father is heterozygous (Rr), then half of the female offspring will have red eyes and half of the female offspring will have white eyes. If the father is homozygous mutant (rr), all of the female offspring will have white eyes.
Since white eyes is an X-linked trait, all of the offspring of this cross will be female. These female offspring will receive an X chromosome from the father and an X chromosome from the mother, resulting in all of the female offspring being XrXr, where R is the wild type allele and r is the mutant allele.
Therefore, all of the female offspring will have red eyes if the father is homozygous wild type (RR), half of the offspring will have red eyes and half of the offspring will have white eyes if the father is heterozygous (Rr), and all of the offspring will have white eyes if the father is homozygous mutant (rr).
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like the subunits of dna and rna, atp is a type of_____
A long natural particle made of more modest subunits called nucleotides. Both DNA and RNA are instances of nucleic acids.
ATP is a Nucleotide. it is one of the structure blocks of RNA — alongside UTP, CTP, and GTP. Sub-atomic machines inside all phones, called RNA polymerases, interface these structure obstructs together into long affixes to make courier, move, ribosomal, and different sorts of RNA
DNA and RNA are a portion of the nucleotide-containing particles present in our body, however, other nucleic acids like ATP and cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) are additionally present. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a nucleic corrosive compound comprising three phosphate gatherings, ribose sugar, and an adenine nitrogenous base.
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Use the diagram below to answer the question.
Structure of a Nephron
Modified from image courtesy of NIH
The human kidney contains approximately one million nephrons. The diagram shows the structure of one such nephron. As the functional unit of the kidney, a nephron is responsible for removing wastes and excess water from the blood. The nephron also has the ability to conserve nutrients, salt, and water as needed and return them to the blood supply. How do the unique structures of the tubules in a nephron most likely help the kidney perform its function?
A.
They allow the nephron to filter and absorb various substances.
B.
They permit fluids inside the kidney to reverse flow direction when needed.
C.
They enable the kidney to trap pathogens that could enter the bloodstream.
D.
They decrease the amount of time fluids are inside the kidney.
Answer:
it’s B
Explanation:
what is a true statement about cellular respiration? answer unselected it occurs only in consumers. unselected it occurs only in heterotrophs. unselected it occurs only in autotrophs. unselected it occurs in both producers and consumers.
Cellular respiration occurs in both producers and consumers. So, the correct answer is option 4.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the chemical energy stored in food into a form that can be used by the cell, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process is not limited to a certain type of organism, as both producers and consumers require energy for survival and growth. Producers, such as plants, use the energy from sunlight to perform photosynthesis, which produces glucose that can then be used for cellular respiration.
Consumers, such as animals, obtain their energy from eating producers or other consumers and use cellular respiration to convert this food into energy. Both producers and consumers require cellular respiration to sustain life and carry out the processes necessary for survival and growth.
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Complete Question:
what is a true statement about cellular respiration?
it occurs only in consumers. it occurs only in heterotrophs. it occurs only in autotrophs. it occurs in both producers and consumers.the naming and classification of species is called
Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms, and it encompasses all of the world's plants, animals, and microorganisms.
Taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing), and classifying biological organism groups based on shared characteristics. Taxa (singular: taxon) are groups of organisms that are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, resulting in a taxonomic hierarchy. In modern botany, the most important ranks are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used instead of phylum), class, order, family, genus, and species. The current system of taxonomy is credited to the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus, who developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.
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which of the following is a disadvantage of clear-cutting? question 3 options: low timber yield cannot reforest with fast-growing trees destroys and fragments wildlife habitats low profits in the short-term increases surface fires
The disadvantage of clear-cutting is destroying and fragmenting wildlife habitats. So ,the correct option is C.
Clear-cutting is forest-felling in which all or most of the trees in a certain region are destroyed at the same time.
Clear-cutting is done for a variety of reasons, including wood harvesting or forest regeneration as part of a reforestation strategy.
Benefits of Clear-
Cutting allows younger trees to get sunlight.Enhances forest health and regenerates.Shade-intolerant species and enhanced seeding and sprouting provide wood for a variety of uses.reduces forest soil disturbance caused by logging machines since trees are felled all at once.Learn more about clear-cutting at
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The complete question is -
Which of the following is a disadvantage of clear-cutting?
a. increases surface fires
b. low timber yield
c. destroys and fragments wildlife habitats
d. low profits in the short-term
e. cannot reforest with fast-growing trees
what is the average length of the hallways in the fbi crime laboratory?
The average length of hallways in the FBI Crime Laboratory is not publicly available.
The FBI Crime Laboratory is a highly secured facility that is not open to the general public. Therefore, information about the specific dimensions of the interior, such as the length of the hallways, is not readily available to the public. The FBI takes the security of their facilities and the work conducted within them very seriously, and therefore does not disclose detailed information about their physical properties.
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At equilibrium, there will be no net movement of molecules across the cell membrane. 1. True 2. False.
The given statement "at equilibrium, there will be no net movement of molecules across the cell membrane" is true because there is no net movement of molecules across the cell membrane at equilibrium.
At equilibrium, the concentration of solutes on both sides of the cell membrane is equal and there is no net movement of molecules across the membrane. This means that the number of solute molecules moving into the cell is equal to the number of solute molecules moving out of the cell. As a result, there is no change in the concentration gradient and there is no net movement of solute molecules across the membrane. The system is in a state of balance, or equilibrium.
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even though some scientists do not consider viruses to be alive, there is no doubt that they do evolve. based on the definition of evolution, explain what it means for a virus to evolve.
The process of adaptation and natural selection ultimately drives the evolution of viruses.
Evolution is defined as the process by which populations of living organisms change over generations through mechanisms such as natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow. In the case of viruses, evolution refers to the changes in the genetic makeup of virus populations over time, such as the accumulation of mutations in its genetic material, or RNA or DNA. These changes can lead to the development of new strains of the virus, some of which may be better adapted to their environment and thus spread more easily. This process of adaptation and natural selection ultimately drives the evolution of viruses. The evolution of viruses is a complex process that involves the interaction between many factors. One of these factors is the environment in which a virus lives, including its host and other organisms (such as bacteria) that may be present. This can dictate what types of viruses are found in a population at any given time.
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The table below shows four organisms and one or more biological processes each uses.
Biological Processes of Some Organisms
Organism
Photosynthesis
Aerobic
Respiration
Anaerobic
Respiration
Which organisms transfer carbon from the environment to the
The organisms that transfer carbon from the environment to the biosphere are land plants and algae.
What is the role of plants in transferring carbon from the environment to the biosphere?Plants and algae are important organisms that help in transferring carbon from the environment to the biosphere.
By means of the process of photosynthesis, plants, and algae take carbo present as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and convert them to food nutrients in the form of glucose and starch.
Thus, plants and algae play important role in the conversion of carbon to food,
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The geological time scale shows the history of the Earth using information we've gathered from fossils. It is divided into different eras. How are each eras divided?
A. By using relative dating
B. By using the Law of Superposition
C. By changes in biodiversity
D. By every 5 billion years
Please explain why you chose this answer!
Each era is divided into periods on the basis of changes in biodiversity. Hence, option C is correct.
How is Era divided?Eras, which are the second-longest units of geological time, are subdivisions of eons. Periods are a division of eras. Although widespread in scope, the events that defined the periods were not as significant as those that defined the eras.
Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic are the four main divisions of the geological time scale, respectively.
Each era is divided into periods on the basis of changes in biodiversity. Hence, option C is correct.
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TRUE or FALSE. a mortgage is the same thing as a note.
False. A mortgage is not the same thing as a note. A mortgage is a legal agreement between a borrower and a lender that secures a loan used to purchase real estate.
The mortgage gives the lender a lien on the property and the right to foreclose if the borrower fails to repay the loan as agreed. A note, on the other hand, is a written promise to pay a certain sum of money at a specified time. A mortgage note is a specific type of note that documents the terms and conditions of a mortgage loan, including the amount borrowed, the interest rate, and the repayment schedule. In short, a mortgage is a type of loan that is secured by real estate, while a note is a written promise to pay a debt. While a mortgage loan often includes a mortgage note, the two terms refer to distinct concepts.
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a researcher discovers a fossil of what appears to be one of the oldest-known multicellular organisms, easily several hundred million years old. the researcher could estimate the age of this fossil based on:
The age of a fossil can be estimated by various methods, including radiometric dating, paleomagnetic dating, relative dating, and evolutionary dating.
Radiometric dating uses the decay of radioactive isotopes in the fossil material to give an age estimate accurate to within a few million years. Paleomagnetic dating uses the orientation of the Earth's magnetic field when the fossil was formed to date rocks up to about 1.5 billion years old.
Relative dating involves comparing the age of a fossil to those in the same rock layer or in different layers in different locations.
Finally, evolutionary dating uses the known age of fossils within the same evolutionary family to determine the minimum age of a fossil.
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In endotherms, increasing insulation facilitates heat retention in part because the range of the thermoneutral zone is reduced.True/False
The statement "In endotherms, increasing insulation facilitates heat retention in part because the range of the thermoneutral zone is reduced" is true.
In endotherms, adding insulation helps with heat retention in part because the thermoneutral zone's range is constrained. Hibernation, a form of avoidance in which thermoregulation continues with a lower body temperature set point, is exhibited by some endotherms.
A body's response to temperatures below the thermoneutral zone, known as cold stress, is a property shared by all endotherms. When the outside temperature falls below an animal's thermal neutral zone, the metabolic rate of the body increases, resulting in thermogenesis, which raises body temperature.
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How many times does interphase occur before mitosis amoeba sisters?
Answer:
Interphase must occur once before meiosis can happen. (Same thing for mitosis).
Explanation:
Thus, there is only one interface before mitosis and mitosis, and at this point, the cell begins to expand and replicate in order to get ready for the subsequent process of further dividing during mitosis and mitosis.
How many times before meiosis does interphase take place?
Before meiosis, there are three phases called the interphase. The cell merely develops and performs its bodily tasks during G1, or gap 1. The cell then replicates its DNA during the S, or synthesis phase.
Why must there be an interphase before mitosis?
However, a cell must go through a stage known as interphase, during which it develops and generates the numerous proteins required for division, before it can enter the active phases of mitosis.
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despite the fact that they often make up a sizeable percentage of a genome, few transposable elements are actively moving in genomes. this is most likely because:
This is most likely because transposable elements are mainly inactive in the genome, and only become active under certain conditions such as changes in environmental conditions, or when cells experience stress or damage.
Additionally, the majority of transposable elements have become "stabilized" over time, meaning they no longer have the ability to move and are essentially "locked" into their current location in the genome.
This stabilization process is believed to be caused by the accumulation of mutations in the element over time.
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The specific heat of lead is 128 J/kg x C. How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 0. 015 Kg sample of lead by 10 degree C?
Heat is needed to raise the temperature of the 0.015 Kg sample of lead by 10 degrees C is 19.2 J.
If the temperature of an object is high, then the heat contained by the object is very large. And vice versa if the temperature is low, the heat contained is small. The size of the heat required by an object (substance) depends on 3 factors: the mass of the substance, the type of substance (specific heat), and changes in temperature. So that mathematically it can be formulated:
Q = mc(ΔT)
Q is the required heat (J).
m is the mass of the object (kg).
c is the specific heat (J/kgC).
ΔT is the change in temperature (C).
The required energy input is given by
Q = mc(ΔT)
Q = (0.015kg)(128J/kg.°C)(10°C)
Q = 19.2 J
So, it takes 19.2 joules of heat to raise the temperature of 0.015 kg of the tin sample by 10 degrees Celsius.
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explain the nature and scope of the selling function
In order to ascertain and satisfy the demands of potential customers, direct communication is used in selling function. Planned and customised communication is used to influence customer decisions.
Communicating with potential consumers and pursuing sales leads are both aspects of the marketing activity known as selling. To successfully pursue sales leads and develop connections with potential clients, marketing professionals must be tactful in their approach. Successful marketers may offer their goods and respond to inquiries from potential buyers as the conversation with them develops. You may differentiate your brand from rivals by using effective selling strategies. The ideal way to position a product inside a market and sell it to potential buyers may be determined by working together between marketers and salespeople.
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Which of the following is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain?
A) cerebrum
B) diencephalon
C) prosencephalon
D) midbrain
E) pons
C) prosencephalon is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain.
What is the pons' primary purpose?
The signals that cause you to experience pain wherever in your body below the neck are transmitted and regulated by your pons. It interacts with various parts of the brain. The cerebellum, another essential area of your brain that regulates balance and movement, is related to your pons by this intense relationship.
What are the cerebellum and the brain?Your cerebellum aids in the calculation and coordination of your actions, and your cerebrum interacts with the muscles in your arms to ensure that your hand reaches the pencil without missing. In in addition to controlling conscious thought, your cerebellum also controls planning and movement.
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Which of the following statements best defines the term theory with respect to science? A)Speculation lacking support, observations or experimental evidence. B)An attempt to explain some recently observed phenomena. C)A well supported hypothesis. D)Avery strongly supported statement about nature. is all of the above.
correction alternative is C) A well supported hypothesis.
A theory in science is a well-supported and widely accepted explanation for a set of observations or phenomena. It's not just a wild guess or speculation, but is based on a significant amount of evidence from experiments, observations, and data analysis. A theory is considered a "working" explanation that scientists use to make predictions and guide further research.
It's important to note that a theory is not the same thing as a law of nature. A scientific law is a concise, mathematical statement that describes a regular pattern or behavior in the natural world. A theory provides a more complete explanation for why the laws exist and how they are related to other natural phenomena.
In science, theories are constantly being tested and refined as new evidence becomes available. While a theory may be widely accepted and well-supported, it is always subject to revision or rejection if new evidence contradicts it.
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