The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa).
The boiling point of water is lower on Mount McKinley than the boiling point of water in NYC.
What is Pressure?
Pressure is defined as the amount of force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. In other words, it is the force per unit area that an object exerts on another object. Pressure can be measured in various units such as pascal (Pa), bar, pounds per square inch (psi), and atmospheres (atm), among others. It is an important concept in physics and is used to describe many phenomena, including fluid dynamics, weather patterns, and even the behavior of gases in space.
At lower elevations, atmospheric pressure is higher compared to higher elevations.
Standard atmosphere or standard atmospheric pressure is equal to 101325 Pa.
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the adolescent brain tends to have more mature pleasure-seeking systems and less advanced systems for controlling behavior.
This claim is untrue. A developmental mismatch between the maturation of various brain systems, particularly the prefrontal cortex, and the limbic system, is a hallmark of the teenage brain.
The limbic system, which is engaged in emotion regulation and reward processing, develops earlier than the prefrontal cortex, which is in charge of impulse control, decision-making, and other executive processes.
Teenagers may therefore be more likely to participate in a dangerous activity and seek out unique experiences, but they may also have trouble controlling their impulses and making reasoned decisions.
The development of the brain is a complicated and ongoing process, and individual variations in neural maturation and life events can also have an impact on teenage behavior and decision-making.
However, there is no typical pattern of adolescent behavior or brain function due to individual variances and ongoing brain development.
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Predict the principal organic product of the following reaction. Specify stereochemistry where appropriate.
The major organic product of an SN2 substitution reaction is an alkene, which may be either in retention or inversion of configuration relative to the original substrate.
The reaction you are asking about is an SN2 substitution reaction, in which a nucleophile (Nu) displaces a leaving group (LG) from a molecule with an alkyl halide substrate. The major organic product of this reaction will be an alkene, which has the same carbon chain as the alkyl halide substrate. Depending on the relative configuration of the substrate, the alkene product may be the same as the original substrate (retention) or have its configuration inverted (inversion). If stereochemistry is relevant to the question, then it should be specified in the answer.
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For the following reaction, which of the reactants would be the acid?
HNO2 ( aq ) + HS - ( aq ) → NO2 - ( aq ) + H2S ( aq )
Select one:
a.
HS -
b.
H2O
c.
NO2 -
d.
HNO2
(Chem 2 Quiz 3.1)
The acid in the reaction would donate a proton and that would be HNO2.
How do you know an acid in a reaction?An acid in a chemical reaction can be identified by the presence of hydrogen ions (H+): Acids are compounds that produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. In a chemical reaction, an acid may donate a hydrogen ion to another compound or accept a pair of electrons from a base.
When we look at the reaction, we can see that the specie that has given out the replaceable hydrogen ion is HNO2 thus it is the acid in the reaction.
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WHAT IS THE OXIDATION NUMBER OF SULFUR IN THE S2O8 ION?
Determine the volume (in liters) of a 0.511-mol sample of helium at 555 mmHg and 513 K.
Answer: 9084355.951 L if need in correct sig figs answer is
9.08 X 10^6 L
Explanation:
Ideal gas law PV=nRT = V=nrt/P
R= 62.44
n=0.511
T= 513
P= 555
V= 0.511 X 62.44 X 513 / 555
a) Explain why alkenes are described as being unsaturated hydrocarbons.
b) Use a diagram to illustrate how a carbon-carbon double bond forms.
c) Draw and explain the mechanism for the reaction between ethene and hydrogen bromide (HBr). In your explanation include and define the terms 'electrophile' and 'carbocation'. Use curly arrows to show electron movements and indicate any partial charges.
Alkenes are described as being unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which is not completely saturated with hydrogen atoms.
What is atoms?Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, and are the smallest particles known to exist. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons are positively charged particles located in the nucleus of the atom, while neutrons are neutral particles also located in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus.
a) Alkenes are described as being unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which is not completely saturated with hydrogen atoms. The presence of the double bond creates a greater degree of unsaturation than single-bonded hydrocarbons, allowing them to form more chemical bonds and react with other molecules.
b) A carbon-carbon double bond forms when two carbon atoms share two pairs of electrons. The double bond is formed by overlapping the two sp2 hybrid orbitals on each carbon atom.
c) The reaction between ethene and hydrogen bromide (HBr) is an example of an electrophilic addition reaction. In this reaction, HBr acts as an electrophile, meaning it is attracted to the electrons in the double bond of the ethene molecule. The electrons from the double bond are shared between the two atoms in the HBr molecule, forming a covalent bond. This process is known as nucleophilic attack.
The reaction mechanism is shown below:
Step 1: Electrophilic attack of the hydrogen atoms of HBr to the electrons in the double bond of the ethene molecule.
HBr + Ethene → H-Br + Carbocation
Step 2: Nucleophilic attack of a bromide ion on the carbocation, forming a new covalent bond.
Br− + Carbocation → H-Br + Bromoethane
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Determine whether each anion is basic or neutral. For those ions that are basic, write an equation that shows how the anion acts as a base. a. C7H5O2- b. I- c. NO3- d. F-
(a). C7H5O2- is basic. The anion can act as a base by accepting a proton (H+) from water, forming benzoic acid and hydroxide ion:
C7H5O2- + H2O ⇌ C7H6O2 (benzoic acid) + OH-
(b). I- is neutral. The anion does not have the ability to accept or donate protons.
(c). NO3- is neutral. The anion does not have the ability to accept or donate protons.
(d). F- is basic. The anion can act as a base by accepting a proton (H+) from water, forming hydrofluoric acid and hydroxide ion:
F- + H2O ⇌ HF (hydrofluoric acid) + OH-
What is benzoic acid ?
Benzoic acid is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula C7H6O2. It is a carboxylic acid, which means it has a carboxyl group (-COOH) as its functional group. Benzoic acid is naturally occurring in many plants and fruits, and is used as a food preservative due to its antimicrobial properties. It is also used in the production of various chemicals and drugs, including benzoyl chloride, benzyl alcohol, and phenylbutazone.
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Which statement below correctly describes their relative atomic radii and first ionization energy when comparing Se and Br? The atomic radius for Se is larger than Br, and the first ionization energy for Se is greater than Br. The atomic radius for Br is larger than Se, and the first ionization energy for Bris greater than Se. The atomic radius for Se is larger than Br, and the first ionization energy for Br is greater than Se. The atomic radius for Br is larger than Se, and the first ionization energy for Se is greater than Br.
At has a higher initial ionisation energy than Br, while Br has a bigger atomic radius. Se has a bigger atomic radius than Br, and Br has a higher initial ionisation energy than Se.
How do atomic radii and ionisation energy relate to one another (i.e., what happens to ionisation energy as atomic radii grow)?The most loosely bound electron is further from the nucleus and thus easier to remove in bigger atoms. Hence, the ionisation energy should decrease as size (atomic radius) increases.
Why does ionisation energy rise across a period while decreasing down a group?This is because the outer electrons aren't bound as strongly because they are farther from the nucleus.
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the calibration is to the 2ml so we do not estinate another digit what is the volume of the liquid in the cylinder
If calibration is to 2 ml, it means that cylinder is marked with calibration lines at every 2 ml interval. So, we can estimate the volume of liquid in the cylinder to the nearest 2 ml.
What is meant by calibration in chemistry?In chemistry, calibration is defined as the act of making sure that any scientific process/ instrument produce results which are accurate.
If calibration is to 2 ml, it means that cylinder is marked with calibration lines at every 2 ml interval. So, we can estimate the volume of liquid in the cylinder to the nearest 2 ml.
For example, if the bottom of the meniscus of liquid in the cylinder is at 6 ml mark and the top of the meniscus is between the 14 ml and 16 ml marks, we can estimate that the volume of liquid in cylinder is between 6 ml and 16 ml, but we cannot estimate a value in between such as 8 ml or 10 ml.
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An irregularly-shaped piece of aluminum (Al) has a mass of 56.4 grams. What is the volume in cm³ of this piece of aluminum if its density is 2.70 g/cm³?
The volume of the irregularly-shaped piece of aluminum is 20.89 cm³.
Calculation of volume?To calculate the volume of the irregularly-shaped piece of aluminum, we first need to calculate its density.
This is done by dividing the mass of the aluminum (56.4 grams) by its density (2.70 g/cm³).
That is
Volume = 56.4 grams/2.70 g/cm³
Volume = 20.89 cm³
This gives us a result of 20.89 cm³.
Density is a measure of mass per unit volume. It is typically expressed in units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). It is an intensive property, meaning that it is a physical property of a material that does not depend on the amount of the material present.
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or the substituted cyclohexane compound shown, identify the atoms that are cis to the hydroxyl (oh) substituent.
The atoms that are cis to the hydroxyl (OH) substituent are the two carbon atoms in the ring that are directly adjacent to the OH group.
Cis-trans isomerism is a word used in chemistry that refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules. It is also known as geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism. The Latin prefixes "cis" and "trans" mean, respectively, "this side of" and "the other side of." Trans conveys that the functional groups (substituents) are on the opposite (transverse) sides of some plane, whereas cis implies that they are on the same side of some plane in the context of chemistry.
Cis-trans isomers are examples of stereoisomers, which are pairs of molecules with the same formula but distinct functional groups oriented in three dimensions. The absolute stereochemical explanation of E-Z isomerism does not necessarily equate to cis-trans notation.
The hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to carbon number 1. The cis atoms are those that are attached to the same side of the ring. There are two atoms that are cis to the hydroxyl (OH) substituent, and these are atoms number 2 and 3. Therefore, the atoms that are cis to the hydroxyl (OH) substituent are atoms number 2 and 3 .
Thus, the cis to the hydroxyl (OH) is (B) 2 and 3.
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If the mass of the gas in the preceding problem is
30.1 g
. what is the molar mass or molecular weight of the gas? Answer: At a fixed temperature and number of moles, the initial volume and pressure of a helium gas sample are
The mass of the gas in the preceding problem is 30.1 g.
To find the molar mass or molecular weight of the gas, we'll use the Ideal Gas Law, which is given as: PV = nRT where, P = pressure of the gas V = volume of the gas n = number of moles of the gas R = ideal gas constant T = temperature of the gas We can rewrite the Ideal Gas Law as: M = (mRT) / (PV) where, M = molar mass or molecular weight of the gas m = mass of the gas R = ideal gas constant T = temperature of the gas P = pressure of the gas V = volume of the gas Substituting the given values in the above formula, we get: M = (30.1 g x 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1 x 273 K) / (1 atm x 0.228 L)≈ 29.1 g/mol Hence, the molar mass or molecular weight of the gas is approximately 29.1 g/mol.
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What mass of lead (IV) sulfite contains 7.25 x 10²³ sulfur atoms?
The mass of lead (IV) sulfite containing 7.25 x 10^23 sulfur atoms is 3.36 x 10^26 g.
What is Mass?
Mass is a fundamental physical property of matter that describes the amount of substance in an object or system. It is commonly measured in units of kilograms (kg) or grams (g). Mass is often confused with weight, but they are not the same thing. Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity, while mass is the amount of matter in the object.
To solve this problem, we need to first find the molar mass of lead (IV) sulfite (Pb(SO3)2), which contains one lead atom, two sulfur atoms, and six oxygen atoms per formula unit.
The molar mass of lead (IV) sulfite can be calculated as follows:
Pb(SO3)2: 1 x molar mass of Pb + 2 x molar mass of S + 6 x molar mass of O
= 1 x 207.2 g/mol + 2 x 32.1 g/mol + 6 x 16.0 g/mol
= 927.0 g/mol
Next, we can use the Avogadro's number to convert the given number of sulfur atoms to the corresponding number of moles of lead (IV) sulfite:
7.25 x 10^23 sulfur atoms x 1 mole Pb(SO3)2/2 moles S = 3.63 x 10^23 moles Pb(SO3)2
Finally, we can use the molar mass of lead (IV) sulfite to convert the number of moles to mass:
3.63 x 10^23 moles Pb(SO3)2 x 927.0 g/mol = 3.36 x 10^26 g
Therefore, the mass of lead (IV) sulfite containing 7.25 x 10^23 sulfur atoms is 3.36 x 10^26 g.
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add curved arrows to the reactant side to illustrate the movement of electrons in the e2 reaction shown.
The curved arrows are as follows: P(X = x) = (ⁿₓ)pˣ(1-p)ⁿ⁻ˣ
The reactants and products of E2 reaction are given. The curved arrow mechanism needed to be depicted. The electron movement happens in such a way so that the incoming base extracts a proton and the removal of leaving group takes place.
E2 reaction: It stands for elimination reaction following second order kinetics. In E2 reaction, the base abstracts the
hydrogen and removal of the leaving group simultaneously in the same step. A general mechanism is shown below:
(n-x)
Step: 1
The base is the hydroxyl ion and the leaving group is bromine as shown below:
P(X = x) = (ⁿₓ)pˣ(1-p)ⁿ⁻ˣ; here x=0,1,2,...,n for 0≤p≤1
The hydroxyl ion is the base since it has the ability to donate a pair of electrons. The bromine is the leaving group since it can accommodate the negative charge. Generally, halogens are good leaving groups because they can accommodate the negative charge due to their high electronegativity.
Step: 2
The curved arrows are as follows:
P(X = x) = (ⁿₓ)pˣ(1-p)ⁿ⁻ˣ
The movement of electrons is in such a way as shown above because the base present that is hydroxyl ion can accept proton. Therefore, it extracts a proton. In an E2 reaction, the leaving group is removed at the same time. Therefore, the bromide ion is removed as it can bear the negative charge.
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Complete question is attached below
based on solubility rules, could you use fe(no3)3 rather than agno3 to determine the percent chloride in the unkown
No. According to solubility rule, we cannot use the Fe(NO3)3 rather than AgNO3 via analysis of precipitate of AgCl because no precipitate of cl- ion formed in Fe(NO3)3 .
A solubility chart having solubility rules is defined as a chart describing for different combinations of cations and anions whether the ionic compounds formed dissolve in or precipitate from a solution. This chart shows the solubility of various common ionic compounds in water, at a pressure of 1 atm. and under room temperature.
The following reactions are involved to determine Cl- concentration,
Case 1: Fe(NO3)3 (aq.) + Cl-(aq.) ----> FeCl3(aq.) + NO3-(aq.).
In this reaction involving aqueous solution of Fe(NO3)3 no precipitate of Cl- ion compound is formed .so this we can not use Fe(NO3)3 to determine %Cl- ion in solution.
Case 2 :
AgNO3(aq.) + Cl- (aq.) ---> AgCl(precipitate) + NO3-.
This reaction involving aqueous solution of AgNO3 can be use to determine %Cl- ion concentration in solution via analysis of precipitate of AgCl .
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A natural gas tank is constructed so that the pressure remains constant. On a hot day when the temperature was 33°C, the volume of gas in the tank was determined to be 3000.0L. What would the volume be on a warm day when the temperature is 11°C? Name the law that is used to solve this problem.
The volume of the gas on a warm day when the temperature is 11 °C, given that the volume was initially 3000 L, is 2784.3 L
How do I determine the volume at 11 °C?The following data were obtained from the question:
Initial temperature (T₁) = 33 °C = 33 + 273 = 306 KInitial volume (V₁) = 3000 LitersNew temperature (T₂) = 11 °C = 11 + 273 = 284 KNew volume (V₂) =?We can obtain the volume of the gas on the warm day by using Charles' law equation. This is shown below:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
3000 / 306 = V₂ / 284
Cross multiply
306 × V₂ = 3000 × 284
306 × V₂ = 852000
Divide both side by 306
V₂ = 852000 / 306
V₂ = 2784.3 L
Thus, the volume on the warm day is 2784.3 L
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When a mineral breaks along a weekly bonded plane it is called
Answer: Cleavage
Explanation:
When a mineral breaks along a weekly bonded plane it is called cleavage
How do the number of collisions affect the size of the balloon?
Answer:
As the number of gas particles increases, the frequency of collisions with the walls of the container must increase. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the pressure of the gas. Flexible containers, such as a balloon, will expand until the pressure of the gas inside the balloon once again balances the pressure of the gas outside.
Explanation:
1. Mass of the empty Dish 167.0 g
2. Mass of the dish plus kernel before heating 169.0 g
3. Mass of the kernels before heating 2.0 g
4. Mass of the dish plus popped corn 168.8 g
5. Mass of the popped corn 1.8 g
6. Mass of the water driven 0.2 g
7. Mass percent of water in the popcorn 10%
Given that a sample of unpopped popcorn weighed 58.2 grams and after popping the popped kernels weighed 51.1 grams, calculate the percent water in the unpopped popcorn.
The mass of water driven off during popping can be calculated by subtracting the mass of the popped corn and the dish from the mass of the dish and kernel before heating.
What is heating ?Heating is the process of increasing the temperature of a substance or object, typically using an external energy source such as heat, radiation, or electrical current. The heat energy is transferred to the object or substance, causing its particles to vibrate and move faster, which results in an increase in temperature. Heating is commonly used in a wide range of applications, including cooking, chemical reactions, industrial processes, and space heating.
What is cooking?Cooking is the process of preparing food by applying heat, typically using methods such as baking, roasting, grilling, frying, boiling, simmering, steaming, or microwaving. The aim of cooking is to make food more palatable and easier to digest, as well as to kill harmful bacteria and other microorganisms that may be present in raw food. Cooking can also enhance the nutritional value of some foods by making certain nutrients more bioavailable.
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Which of the following is the major organic product of the condensation of ammonia or a primary amine with the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone?
Imine
The major organic product of the condensation of ammonia or a primary amine with the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone is an imine.
A functional group or organic substance with a carbon-nitrogen double bond (C=N) is known as an imine. A hydrogen atom or an organic group may be joined to the nitrogen atom. (R). The carbon atom is connected to two more single bonds. Imines are present in numerous processes and are frequently found in manufactured and naturally occurring chemicals.
The five core atoms for ketimines and aldimines, C2C=NX and C(H)C=NX, respectively, are coplanar. The sp2-hybridization of the mutually double-bonded nitrogen and carbon atoms yields planarity. For nonconjugated imines, the C=N distance is 1.29-1.31, whereas for conjugated imines, it is 1.35. The C-N distances in amines and nitriles, on the other hand, are 1.47 and 1.16, respectively. Slow rotation occurs around the C=N bond. E- and Z-isomers were detected using NMR spectroscopy of aldimines have been detected. Owing to steric effects, the E isomer is favored.
An imine is formed when a primary amine reacts with a carbonyl group (C=O) of an aldehyde or ketone to form a new C-N bond. This reaction is known as a condensation reaction, as it involves the loss of a small molecule (e.g. water) to form the product.
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The correct questions is :
What is the major organic product of the condensation of ammonia or a primary amine with the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone?
2.
A square platinum sheet has sides 2.50 cm long and a thickness of 0.25 mm. What is th
volume of the platinum sheet (in cm³)?
(a) 16 cm³
(b) 630 cm³
(c) 0.16 cm³
(d) 160 cm³ 1
3.
A standard wine bottle has a volume of 750. mL. What volume, in liters, does this
represent?
(a) 0.750 L
(b) 0.00750 L
(c) 7.50 L
(d) 75.0 L
Answer: 2. The area of a square with sides 2.50 cm long is:
Area = side × side = 2.50 cm × 2.50 cm = 6.25 cm²
The thickness of the platinum sheet is 0.25 mm, which is equivalent to 0.025 cm.
Therefore, the volume of the platinum sheet is:
Volume = Area × thickness = 6.25 cm² × 0.025 cm = 0.15625 cm³
So, the volume of the platinum sheet is 0.15625 cm³.
Explanation: 3 To convert milliliters (mL) to liters (L), we need to divide the volume in milliliters by 1000.
So, to convert the volume of a wine bottle from 750 mL to liters, we can use the formula:
Volume in liters = Volume in milliliters ÷ 1000
Plugging in the values, we get:
Volume in liters = 750 mL ÷ 1000 = 0.75 L
Therefore, a standard wine bottle has a volume of 0.75 liters.
A student sets up a titration with a * 1 point buret filled with 0.5 M NaOH. In the flask below they place the phenolphthalein indicator and 6.2 mL of the unknown acid. The solution in the beaker turns pink after exactly 24.8 mL of NaOH have been added. Find the exact concentration of the unknown acid.
Answer:
2.00 M
Explanation:
In a titration, we can determine the concentration of an unknown acid by adding a known concentration of a base, such as NaOH, until the reaction is complete. At the endpoint of the reaction, the amount of base added is equal to the amount of acid present in the sample.
From the problem, we know that the NaOH solution has a concentration of 0.5 M, and that 24.8 mL of NaOH is required to completely react with the unknown acid in the flask. We can use this information to calculate the number of moles of NaOH that were added:
moles of NaOH = concentration x volume
moles of NaOH = 0.5 mol/L x 0.0248 L
moles of NaOH = 0.0124 moles
Since the reaction is a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base, the number of moles of NaOH added is equal to the number of moles of acid in the flask. Therefore, we can calculate the concentration of the acid using the volume of acid added:
moles of acid = moles of NaOH
moles of acid = 0.0124 moles
volume of acid = 6.2 mL = 0.0062 L
concentration of acid = moles of acid / volume of acid
concentration of acid = 0.0124 moles / 0.0062 L
concentration of acid = 2.00 M
Therefore, the exact concentration of the unknown acid is 2.00 M.
What is the temperature (in Kelvin) of a sample of neon with an rms speed of 500.0 m/s?
Answer: Approximately 267.5 Kelvin
Explanation:
To find the temperature of a sample of neon with an rms speed of 500.0 m/s, we can use the following formula that relates the root mean square (rms) speed of gas molecules to their temperature:
v_rms = sqrt((3kT) / m)
where v_rms is the rms speed of the gas molecules, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and m is the mass of a single gas molecule.
For neon, the mass of a single molecule is approximately 20.18 atomic mass units (u), which is equivalent to 3.35 x 10^-26 kg.
Substituting the given values into the formula, we get:
500.0 m/s = sqrt((3kT) / (3.35 x 10^-26 kg))
Solving for T, we get:
T = (m / (3k)) * v_rms^2
T = (3.35 x 10^-26 kg / (3 * 1.38 x 10^-23 J/K)) * (500.0 m/s)^2
T ≈ 267.5 K
Therefore, the temperature of the neon sample with an rms speed of 500.0 m/s is approximately 267.5 Kelvin.
solid magnesium aqueous hydrochloric acid aqueous magnesium chloride hydrogen gas balanced equation
Answer:
Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → MgCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g)
Explanation:
Draw a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each of the following molecules and ions. In each case the first atom listed is the central atom.
a. POCl3, SO42−, XeO4, PO43−, ClO4−
b. NF3, SO32−, PO33−, ClO3−
c. ClO2−, SCl2, PCl2−
To draw a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule for each of the molecules and ions listed, simply follow the steps outlined above and make sure that each atom has a formal charge of zero or close to zero.
For each of the molecules and ions listed, you can draw a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule by following these steps:
1. Identify the central atom: The first atom listed in each molecule or ion is the central atom.
2. Count the number of valence electrons: Each atom has a certain number of valence electrons based on its position in the periodic table.
3. Form single bonds: Make single bonds between the central atom and each of the other atoms to use up the available valence electrons.
4. Add lone pairs: If the central atom still has electrons remaining, add lone pairs to satisfy the octet rule.
5. Check the formal charges: Make sure all atoms have formal charges of zero or close to zero.
Let's look at each molecule and ion individually:
a. POCl3, SO42−, XeO4, PO43−, ClO4−:
POCl3: The central atom is phosphorus (P) and it has 5 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the P atom and each of the other atoms, giving P a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
SO42−: The central atom is sulfur (S) and it has 6 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the S atom and each of the other atoms, giving S a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
XeO4: The central atom is xenon (Xe) and it has 8 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the Xe atom and each of the other atoms, giving Xe a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
PO43−: The central atom is phosphorus (P) and it has 5 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the P atom and each of the other atoms, giving P a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
ClO4−: The central atom is chlorine (Cl) and it has 7 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the Cl atom and each of the other atoms, giving Cl a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
b. NF3, SO32−, PO33−, ClO3−:
NF3: The central atom is nitrogen (N) and it has 5 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the N atom and each of the other atoms, giving N a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
SO32−: The central atom is sulfur (S) and it has 6 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the S atom and each of the other atoms, giving S a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
PO33−: The central atom is phosphorus (P) and it has 5 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the P atom and each of the other atoms, giving P a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
ClO3−: The central atom is chlorine (Cl) and it has 7 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the Cl atom and each of the other atoms, giving Cl a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
c. ClO2−, SCl2, PCl2−:
ClO2−: The central atom is chlorine (Cl) and it has 7 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the Cl atom and each of the other atoms, giving Cl a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
SCl2: The central atom is sulfur (S) and it has 6 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the S atom and each of the other atoms, giving S a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
PCl2−: The central atom is phosphorus (P) and it has 5 valence electrons. We form single bonds between the P atom and each of the other atoms, giving P a total of 8 electrons. The formal charge of each atom is zero.
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b) Verify by calculation what volume of the base it should take to neutralize 50.0 mL of 0.1 M HCl (aq)
with 0.1 M NaOH(aq).
Answer:
50 ml
Explanation:
n = moles
c = concentration
v = volume
n = c × v
HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O
HCl:
50 ml = 50 cm³ = 0.05 dm³
n = 0.05 × 0.1
n = 0.005
Ratio of HCl to NaOH:
HCl : NaOH
Based on reaction equation:
1 : 1
0.005 : x
x = 0.005
NaOH:
0.005 = 0.1 × v
v = 0.05
0.05 dm³ = 50 cm³ = 50 ml
Determine if the reactions are reversible or irreversible. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. Reset Help 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO. (aq) + Na SO.(aq) + 2H20(1) 4HCI(9) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + 2Cl(9) CO (9) + C(s) = 200 (9)
The reaction between 2NaOH (aq) and H2SO4 (aq) is reversible. The reaction between Na2SO4 (aq) and 2H2O (l) is irreversible. The reaction between 4HCl (g) and O2 (g) is irreversible. The reaction between CO2 (g) and C (s) is also irreversible.
In the first reaction, 2NaOH (aq) and H2SO4 (aq) react to form Na2SO4 (aq) and 2H2O (l). This reaction is reversible because it can be reversed to its original reactants, 2NaOH (aq) and H2SO4 (aq).
In the second reaction, Na2SO4 (aq) and 2H2O (l) react to form H2SO4 (aq) and 2NaOH (aq). This reaction is irreversible because the reactants cannot be reversed to their original form.
In the third reaction, 4HCl (g) and O2 (g) react to form 2H2O (g) and 2Cl (g). This reaction is also irreversible since the reactants cannot be reversed to their original form.
In the fourth reaction, CO2 (g) and C (s) react to form 2CO (g). This reaction is also irreversible since the reactants cannot be reversed to their original form.
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Using C2H4 + 3 O2 -> 2 CO2 + 2 H2O. If 20 moles of fuel are combusted in the above equation, how many moles of CO2 are produced?
Which of the following molecules has no dipole moment?
a. C
O
2
b. N
H
3
c. H
2
O
d. none of the above
This lone pair makes the molecule polar. H2O also has a dipole moment due to the bent structure and the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and oxygen. Therefore, the correct answer is option d. None of the above.
The molecule that does not have a dipole moment is CO2. A dipole moment is a measurement of the separation of two opposite electrical charges in a molecule. The molecule is polar when there is a dipole moment. CO2 is a linear molecule that consists of two polar C-O bonds that are arranged in a straight line. However, the two dipole moments are opposite and equal, which means that they cancel each other out. Thus, the molecule is not polar, and there is no dipole moment for CO2. On the other hand, both NH3 and H2O have a dipole moment. NH3 has a trigonal pyramidal structure that has a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
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18.35 mL of a solution of the acid H₂C₂O4 is titrated, and 58.20 mL of 0.4700-M NaOH is required to reach the equivalence point.
Calculate the original concentration of the acid solution.
The original concentration of the H₂C₂O4 solution is 0.7455 mol/L.
What is the original concentration of the acid solution?The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between H₂C₂O4 and NaOH is:
H₂C₂O4 + 2NaOH → Na₂C₂O₄ + 2H₂O
From this equation, we can see that the acid reacts with the base in a 1:2 ratio, meaning that one mole of H₂C₂O4 will react with two moles of NaOH.
To find the original concentration of the acid solution, we need to use the formula for calculating molarity:
Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)
We can start by calculating the number of moles of NaOH used in the titration:
moles of NaOH = Molarity x volume of NaOH used (in liters)
moles of NaOH = 0.4700 mol/L x 0.05820 L
moles of NaOH = 0.027354 moles
Since the acid and base react in a 1:2 ratio, we know that the number of moles of H₂C₂O4 is half the number of moles of NaOH used:
moles of H₂C₂O4 = 0.027354 moles / 2
moles of H₂C₂O4 = 0.013677 moles
Now we can use the formula for molarity to calculate the original concentration of the acid solution:
Molarity of H₂C₂O4 = moles of H₂C₂O4 / volume of H₂C₂O4 used (in liters)
Molarity of H₂C₂O4 = 0.013677 moles / 0.01835 L
Molarity of H₂C₂O4 = 0.7455 mol/L
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