In contrast to what Libby believed, the proportion of 14C in the atmosphere has really altered through time, radiocarbon dating results must be calibrated.
From the air, how are archaeological sites found?Sites may be visible from the air as frost marks, crop marks, soil marks, or shadow marks. Using computer-generated mapping tools, archaeologists can plot and examine site distributions in relation to environmental and other background data obtained from remote sensing, digital maps, and other sources.
Can you list the justifications for the need to calibrate radiocarbon dates?The dates produced by radiocarbon dating are not exact calendar years, which is why they need to be calibrated. Contrary to earlier assumptions, the amount of 14C in the atmosphere changes throughout time.
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Which of the following is NOT believed to be linked to the onset of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)?
predisposing genetic factors
weight gain
poor diet
regular cardiovascular exercise
The factor not believed to be associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes is: (4) regular cardiovascular exercise.
Type 2 diabetes is the forms of diabetes where the body is either unable to produce enough insulin or resists to use insulin properly. It is a long-term chronic disease. The symptoms of the disease are: increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue and blurred vision.
Cardiovascular exercise is the form of workout intended to increase the heart rate and release sweat from the body. This increases the energy requirement of the body resulting in decreased glucose levels of blood. These exercises help in making diabetes type 2 better.
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In the accompanying pedigree, a filled symbol indicates an individual with Huntington disease while a clear symbol shows an unaffected individual. Considering the symbol for individual II-5, you conclude that her father, I-1 is _____ allele for Huntington disease. heterozygous for the autosomal recessive hemizygous for the X-linked recessive
Individual II-5 is shown with a clear symbol, indicating that she is unaffected by Huntington disease. This means that her father, I-1, must be heterozygous for the autosomal recessive gene associated with Huntington disease.
What is Huntington disease?Huntington Disease (HD) is a progressive, hereditary disorder that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene, which causes an abnormal form of a protein to be produced. This abnormal protein causes the brain’s nerve cells to break down, leading to a wide range of physical, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. These can include problems controlling movement, depression, memory loss, irritability, and difficulty with coordination and learning. HD is a genetic disorder, meaning it is passed from parent to child. There is no cure, but treatments are available to help manage the symptoms.
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In flies, red eyes are dominant to brown eyes, while long wings are dominant to dumpy wings. You will cross a true-breeding fly with red eyes & dumpy wings to a true-breeding fly with brown eyes & long wings.
a. What genotype & phenotype do you expect in the F1 generation?
b. Draw a Punnett Square which represents the F2 generation & give phenotypic ratios.
The genotype in F1 generation would be produced as RrWW, RrWw and rrww and the phenotype would be red eyes with long wings in three organisms and one phenotype with brown eyes and dumpy wings.
RR are dominant to rr eyes. WW wings are dominant to ww wings. The cross takes places between true bleeding fly with red eyes & dumpy wings, i.e. RRww, to a true-breeding fly with brown eyes & long wings, i.e. rrWW. The phenotypes here would be produces in a ratio 3:1. And, three types of genotypes would be produced in F1 generation.
Refer the image attached for the reference of a Punnett square for the dihybrid cross of the given traits. The phenotypic ratio here would be produced as 9:3:3:1. The cross described here contains the inheritance of two traits, i.e., the eye color and the size of the wings. Hence, this is a dihybrid cross. One of the trait is dominant, while the other is recessive.
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explain the results by diagramming the crosses. (as yellow seeds are dominant, set up the symbols g
The outcome of the cross between a homozygous dominance yellow seed plant (GG) and a homozygous recessive green seed plant (gg) can be represented using a Punnett square.
A Punnett square is a diagram that shows the possible offspring genotypes from a cross between two parents. In this cross, the alleles from each parent are placed along the top and the left side of the square, and the resulting offspring genotypes are placed in the boxes within the square.
In this case, the offspring will all be heterozygous (Gg) and have yellow seeds because the dominance allele (G) masks the expression of the recessive allele (g). Therefore, the cross between a homozygous dominance yellow seed plant and a homozygous recessive green seed plant will result in all offspring having yellow seeds, even though they carry both yellow and green alleles.
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Full Question : Explain the results by diagramming the crosses. (As yellow seeds are dominant, set up the symbols G = yellow seeds, g = green seeds.) Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets 1/4 gg Pi: yellow x green Fi: all yellow F2: 6022 yellow g9 all Gg 1/4 GG and 2/ 4;2001 green 3/4 GG 1/4 gg Gg Of the yellow F2 offspring: 166 yellow: 353 yellow: all GG Gg Gg 4 Gg and 1/4 ResetHelp Submit My Answers Give Up
Why you tare the weighing balance?
Answer:
When taring the balance, it excludes the item holding the object you want to weigh. This way, you can accurately measure only the object without the item containing it
Explanation:
Predict what would have happened if Griffith had mixed heat killed S bacteria with heat killed R bacteria and injected this mixture into a mouse. Would the mouse have contracted pneumonia and died? Explain why or why not.
If the heat killed S-bacteria is mixed with heat killed R-bacteria and injected this mixture into a mouse. Then, the mouse would have lived because only living bacteria can be transformed. Thus, the correct option is E.
What was Griffith's experiment?Griffith's experiment is also known as bacterial transformation. In 1928, British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith conducted a series of experiments using the bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae and mice. Griffith was not trying to identify the genetic material, however, was trying to develop a vaccine against pneumonia.
Transformation of a bacterial species in this experiment can occur if only the bacterial cells are living and are competent to take up the DNA molecule from the external sources. In this case, both the type of bacteria that is R-stain and S-stain are heat killed and therefore they pose no harm to the mouse and the mouse would live.
Therefore, the correct option is E.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
Predict what would happen if Griffith had mixed some heat-killed type IIIS (virulent) bacteria and some heat-killed type IIR (non-virulent) bacteria and injected these into a mouse.
A. The mouse would have contracted pneumonia and died because the type IIIS would have been transformed by the type IIR bacteria.
B. The mouse would have contracted pneumonia and died because the type IIR would have been transformed by the type IIIS bacteria.
C. The mouse would have lived because the type IIIS bacteria are not pathogenic.
D. The mouse would have lived because the type IIR bacteria are not pathogenic.
E. The mouse would have lived because only living bacteria can be transformed.
Which of the following items are likely to show bacterial or fungal growth if sampled onto a general-purpose medium?
-Lab bench
-Sterile surgical instrument
-Doorknob
-Fingers washed with waterLab bench
Doorknob
Fingers washed with water
If samples of the following things are placed on a general-purpose medium, they are likely to exhibit bacterial or fungal growth:
Lab bench
Doorknob
Fingers washed with water
According to research by Harding & Brand (2012) and others, handling the microorganisms that lab workers were presently working with caused the lab technicians' hands to spread germs to the work surfaces, contaminating the work tables. In clinical settings and laboratories, microbial contamination of surfaces like door handles, telephones, and computer keyboards has also been recorded . Because the infectious microorganisms have the potential to remain on these surfaces for a specific amount of time depending on the type of bacteria, these sources of contamination would enhance the danger of harmful health consequences to laboratory users. The users and any third parties could disseminate these toxins farther.
E coli and Pseudomonas species have both been identified as frequent door handle isolates, E coli was listed as the second most frequent bacterial isolation from door knobs in a recent investigation.
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Small synaptic vesicles contain ___________, whereas large synaptic vesicles contain __________.
Small synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters , whereas large synaptic vesicles contain peptide transmitters
What chemicals can be found within synaptic vesicles?Neurotransmitters, which are tiny molecules, are used by neurons to interact with one another through chemical synapses. Neurotransmitter is stored in little sacs called synaptic vesicles and is released into the synapse's synaptic cleft when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane.
Neurotransmitters are found in these vesicles. There is a significant density of "receptors" in this area. In response to electrical activity in the axon, neurotransmitters are released. Specialized proteins respond to a neurotransmitter in the postsynaptic membrane.
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Which of these is required for natural selection to occur?unequal reproductive successinheritanceindividual variationfitness(All of these answers are correct)
Reproduction, inheritance, variation in organism fitness, and variation in individual attributes across population members are the four conditions necessary for natural selection to occur.
Which is necessary for natural selection to take place?Natural selection requires heritable variation in a trait as well as differential survival and reproduction connected to trait possession. The simple process of natural selection causes long-term population changes in living things.
Which four natural selection factors are there?Evolution is governed by four principles: variation, inheritance, selection, and time. These are viewed as components of the evolutionary process driven by natural selection. In fact, it is so straightforward that it can be divided into five simple processes, referred to here as VISTA: Variation, Inheritance, Selection, and Application.
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If you drink a large amount of water, your interstitial fluid may become_________compared to your intracellular fluid (assume that there has not been a major change in the solute/solvent concentrations of intracellular fluid).
If you drink a large amount of water, your interstitial fluid may become hypotonic compared to your intracellular fluid.
Hypotonic solutions are those that have more concentrations of solvent and less amounts of solute as compared to another solution or cell placed inside it. The movement of solvent occurs out of these solutions. The osmotic potential of such solutions is high.
Interstitial fluid refers to the fluid present around the spaces between cells. This fluid is helpful in the transporting oxygen and nutrients to the cells and also is involved in waste removal. The fluid becomes lymph fluid as it enters the lymph vessels.
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Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________. Yes, both occur during ventricular diastole when the ventricles are not actively contracting and ejecting blood.
Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during ventricular diastole.
Yes, both Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling occur during ventricular diastole, which is the period of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are not actively contracting and ejecting blood.
During ventricular diastole, the ventricles are in a relaxed state, and the pressure within the ventricles falls below the pressure in the atria. This causes blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles, which is known as ventricular filling.
The period of ventricular diastole is also characterized by Isovolumetric relaxation, which refers to the passive flow of blood from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk as a result of the pressure gradient between the ventricles and the great vessels.
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biology fifth edition 8b review questions(can you identify the genotype of a person with normal melanin? why and why not?)
No, it is not possible to identify the genotype of a person with normal melanin just based on the presence of normal melanin.
Melanin is a pigment that provides color to the skin, hair, and eyes, and it is determined by multiple genes. The presence of normal melanin levels does not indicate a specific genotype, as there are many different genetic variations that can lead to normal melanin levels.
Melanin levels can be influenced by factors such as sun exposure and skin type, so even if a person has a specific genotype that is associated with normal melanin levels, other factors can also impact their melanin levels. To understand a person's genotype, a more in-depth genetic analysis is needed, such as DNA sequencing.
Key points:
Melanin is determined by multiple genes, not just one gene.Normal melanin levels can be due to many different genetic variations.Melanin levels can be influenced by environmental factors such as sun exposure.A more in-depth genetic analysis is needed to understand a person's genotype, such as DNA sequencing.Learn more about melanin here:
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Argatroban is a competitive inhibitor of thrombin. Which of the following effects on the coagulation cascade is most likely to result from inhibiting thrombin activity with Argatroban? A. The activation of clotting factors will be blocked. B. The rate of fibrin formation will decrease. C. Thrombin will be converted to prothrombin. D. The rate of blood clot formation will increase.
Inhibiting thrombin activity with Argatroban is most likely to have impacts on the coagulation cascade by reducing the rate of fibrin production.
Is argatroban a thrombin competitor inhibitor?Argatroban is a synthetic, small-molecule inhibitor of thrombin that is direct, competitive, and selective. In addition to other thrombotic disorders, it is licensed for parenteral prevention and/or treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
What function does Delta play in controlling cell communication?All the cells in an embryo in development get a chemical signal from delta. A developing embryo's cells may interact without coming into contact thanks to delta. Delta limits cell communication inside a growing embryo to close quarters.
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The reticular formation is a network of neurons found along the length of the brainstem. Which of the following would occur if you were to disrupt the functions of the reticular formation? Choose the best answer.A person would have a difficult time waking due to an inability to arouse the brain.A person would not be able to breathe due to an inability to control respiration.A person would no longer be able to release melatonin.A person would have exaggerated behavioral drives.
If the reticular formation's functions were to be interfered with, a person would have trouble waking up since they wouldn't be able to awaken their brain.
What would occur if you lost your reticular formation?A person's sleep/wake cycle may be severely impacted by the destruction of the reticular formation. Damage to the reticular formation, which aids in maintaining alertness and awakeness, might result in a person staying in a vegetative state. In addition, reticular formation affects motor control.
Which of the following describes the reticular formation's function?The ancient center of the neural connections between the spinal cord and the encephalon is represented by the brainstem reticular formation (RF). It assists with autonomic.
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which of the following functions of living organisms can be carried out by viruses, and which require the help of the host cell?
microbes obtain energy, carbon, and electrons in a variety of ways. drag each example to the class that best describes it.
The best description of microbes:
Chemoorganotroph
an organism that ferments sugarsa pathogenic bacterium that lives in the human bodyChemolithotroph
an organism that uses chemical energy to oxidize [tex]H_{2} S[/tex]Photoheterotroph
an organism that generates ATP using light and that cannot fix carbon dioxide to build organic moleculesPhotoautotroph
an organism that uses oxygenic photosynthesisА chemoorgаnonotroph is аn orgаnism thаt obtаins energy from the oxidаtion of reduced orgаnic compounds. А chemolithotroph is аn orgаnism thаt is аble to use inorgаnic reduced compounds аs а source of energy. Photoheterotrophs are microbes thаt use light аs а source of energy аnd orgаnic compounds аs the mаin source of cаrbon. Photoаutotrophs аre orgаnisms thаt cаn mаke their own energy using light аnd cаrbon dioxide viа the process of photosynthesis.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question can be seen in the Attachment.
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Below, two daughter cells that resulted from a normal meiosis I are shown.
Drag the correct results of nondisjunction occurring in both daughter cells during meiosis II.
Non-disjunction occurs when chromosomes do not get to segregate independently from each other during meiosis I or II. In the exposed example, since non-disjunction occurs in both cells, there will be two gametes with two chromosomes (n+1) and two gametes with no chromosomes (n-1).
What is non-disjunction?Non-disjunction is the proper separation failure of chromosomes during anaphase I or II of the meiotic division.
This mistake in segregation results in the production of gametes containing a greater or lesser number of chromosomes than is found in a normal cell. Consequently, the individual may develop a trisomy or monosomy.
Non-disjunction is a cause of various abnormal medical conditions, including Down syndrome and Turner syndrome.
In the exposed example, non-disjunction occurs in both cells during meiosis II.
Two of the gametes will have two chromatids (n+1).The last two gametes will have no chromatid (n-1).The affected gametes result in trisomy and monosomy after fecundation.
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Explain: Why do you think intermediate filaments doesn’t have motor molecules.
The centimo of intermediate filaments are elongated, not globular, and are related in an antipolar manner.
Why do you think intermediate filaments don’t have a motor?Vimentin intermediate filaments move bi-route along microtubules in the cell. current work has spotted the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein as the stay inward-directed motor that drives this motion. Intermediate filaments are one of the three vital cytoskeletal lattices in eukaryotic cells overall filament has no conflict, and therefore no motor proteins move along intermediate filaments.
Their purpose is mainly mechanical and, as a class, intermediate filaments are less dynamic than actin filaments or microtubules. Intermediate filaments usually work with microtubules, on conditions that strengthen and support the fragile tubulin shape.
So we can conclude that Intermediate filaments are an vital component of the cytoskeleton,
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Which is a difference between frogs and bacteria?
Frogs are able to control all life processes in one cell, while bacteria cannot.
Frogs are single-celled organisms, while bacteria are multi-celled organisms.
Frogs are multi-celled organisms, while bacteria are single-celled organisms.
Frogs must rely on other single-celled organisms for survival, while bacteria are dependent only on themselves.
Unicellular and
Multicellular Organisms -
quizzez 5th grade
If everyone on the planet used the same amount of recourses as an average American what percent of the earth would need to be used to support everyone
Despite making up only 5% of the global population, Americans consume over 24% of the world's energy and if everyone in the world were like Americans, we would have: 5%×x = 100%
Since the entire population is 20 times more than that of the US, the total amount of energy used is also 20 times greater.
Consequently, the amount of energy needed to support a population of 100% is equal to:
20ˣ24% = 480
Will the earth support everyone at the American resource usage rate?Actually, we would require five Earths.
Since none of the possibilities are a match, it's possible that this is because the query is asking about a particular resource rather than a certain type of energy. 200% is the closest alternative.
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How does original horizontality help geologists understand relative age?
Relative age is a technique used by scientists to estimate a structure's age based on how physically connected it is to other geologic features.
Determine geologic events, document change through time using fossils in strata, and determine how habitats changed over time depending on location and kind of geologic formation are a few examples of relative dating.
For a more accurate quantitative age, scientists can utilize absolute dating, which establishes the age based on radioactive isotope decay. A rupture between discontinuous strata of rock is known as an unconformity.
Since unconformities distort the picture of what transpired throughout the rock's geologic history, they can make relative dating more challenging.
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how to use microscopy methods such as fluorescence microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)to detect the presence of a non- culturable prokaryotes in an environmental sample.
To detect the presence of non-culturable prokaryotes in an environmental sample using microscopy methods such as fluorescence microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the first step is:
Sample collection: Collect the environmental sample, such as soil or water, and prepare it for analysis.What are the steps to microscopy?Fluorescence Microscopy: Label the prokaryotes in the sample with a fluorescence tag. This can be done by adding a fluorescent antibody specific to the prokaryote or using a fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe that specifically binds to the prokaryote's DNA. The sample is then viewed under a fluorescence microscope to detect the presence of the labeled prokaryotes.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): To detect the presence of prokaryotes that cannot be visualized using fluorescence microscopy, PCR can be used. This involves amplifying a small piece of the prokaryote's DNA and then detecting it using gel electrophoresis, qPCR, or other methods. To do this, the environmental sample must first be lysed to release the prokaryotes' DNA, which is then purified and used as template for the PCR reaction.
Overall, these methods allow for the detection of the presence of non-culturable prokaryotes in environmental samples, even if they cannot be grown in a laboratory culture.
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True/False. One function of epithelial cells is to form selective barriers regulating exchange of materials across them.
The given statement (One function of epithelial cells is to form selective barriers regulating the exchange of materials across them) is true because epithelial cells are responsible for a wide range of activities, such as defense, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and the reception of sensory information.
Epithelial tissues can be found in virtually every part of the body. They cover every surface of the body, line the cavities of the body and the organs that are hollow, and make up the majority of the glandular tissue. They are responsible for a wide range of activities, such as defense, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and the reception of sensory information.
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write any two chemical properties of acid with balanced chemical equation
Explanation:
Acid reacts with base to form salt and water only
(neutralization reaction)
H2SO4 + 2NaOH –> Na2SO4 + 2H20
Acid reacts with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form salt, water and liberate carbon dioxide
4HCl + 2Na2CO3 –> 4NaCl + 2H20 + 2CO2
If you need to chose one or two unique characteristics of schistosomes What would be?
Explanation:
TRUE/FALSE. proteins that are secreted from a eukaryotic cell must first travel through the endomembrane system.
Yes, it is true that proteins that are secreted from eukaryotic cell must first travel through the endomembrane system. As they are being synthesized, secretory proteins enter lumen of endoplasmic reticulum.
What is meant by eukaryotic cell?Eukaryotes is diverse domain of organisms whose cells have nucleus. Animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes. They belong to group of organisms Eukaryota which is one of the three domains of life.
Eukaryotic cells generally have a nucleus which is an organelle surrounded by membrane called the nuclear envelope, where DNA is stored. There are few exceptions to this generalization, such as human red blood cells, which do not have nucleus when mature.
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when a carbohydrate is formed by linking two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction, we get water plus which of the following?
Whenever a particular carbohydrate is formed by the linking of two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction, we get water plus a disaccharide.
The correct option is option a.
Carbohydrates are basically biological macromolecules which is made up of carbon, hydrogen, as well as oxygen. Carbohydrate chains are produced in different lengths and all the biologically important carbohydrates belong to three basic categories which are the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides are the most basic units of carbohydrates which combine with each other to form disaccharides or polysaccharides. When carbohydrate is formed by the linking of two monosaccharides through a condensation reaction, we get water along with a disaccharide.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"When a carbohydrate is formed by linking two monosaccharides by a condensation reaction, we get water plus which of the following?
a. Disaccharide
b. Starch
c. Protein
d. None of the above"--
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Which of the following statements are generally true about lipids in cell membranes? Select all true statements.
cell membranes have only phospholipids
fatty acid chains in phospholipids frequently have both cis- and trans- double bonds between carbons
phospholipid can have different polar "head" groups covalently linked via phosphodiester bonds to diacyl glycerol (glycerol plus 2 fatty acid chains)
phospholipids can have a polar headgroup (e.g., phosphocholine) covalently linked via phosphodiester bonds to ceramide (sphingosine plus a fatty acyl).
The statements that are correct regarding lipids in cell walls are C and D, about the phosphodiester bonds with the polar head.
Lipids are fatty substances that have many different jobs to do in your body. They are a component of your cell membranes and aid in regulating what enters and exits your cells. They support the production of hormones, the movement and storage of energy, and the absorption of vitamins.
Different polar "head" groups of phospholipids, such as glycerol plus two fatty acid chains, can be covalently bonded to diacyl glycerol via phosphodiester linkages. Phospholipids can contain a polar headgroup, for example, phosphocholine covalently connected to ceramide like sphingosine via phosphodiester linkages and a fatty acyl.
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For natural selection to occur, three things much be true. Which of the following is NOT one of those?
Question 12 options:
the trait must be passed on to the next generation
there must be a variation within the traits of the population
one trait must be favorable to survive within the ecosystem
the trait must be resistant to mutations
Explanation:
The answer is the trait must be resistant to mutations. For natural selection to occur, three things must be true. These are: (1) there must be variation within the traits of the population, (2) the trait must be passed on to the next generation, and (3) one trait must be favorable to survive within the ecosystem. Natural selection does not require the trait to be resistant to mutations
Plants absorb water through their ______________
Animals get their water by _____________ or from water in their food
Bacteria obtain water by allowing individual water _________________ to enter through the cell membrane.
Plants absorb water through their roots. Animals get their water by drinking or from water in their food Bacteria obtain water by allowing individual water diffuse in to enter through the cell membrane.
What is simple diffusion?The process of molecules moving from a location of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is known as diffusion.
When plant roots come into contact with the soil, diffusion takes place. The soil has a higher concentration of nutrients and other chemicals, and their transit occurs from the soil to a lower concentration (plant roots).
Animals either drink water or ingest it through their diet. By enabling little amounts of water to seep into the cell membrane, bacteria are able to get water.
Thus, the plants absorbs water through roots.
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