the proportion of college students who are awarded academic scholarships is claimed to be 0.12. believing this claimed value is incorrect, a researcher surveys a large random sample of college students and finds the proportion who were awarded academic scholarships to be 0.08. when a hypothesis test is conducted at a significance (or alpha) level of 0.05, the p-value is found to be 0.03. what decision should the researcher make based on the results of the hypothesis test? group of answer choices the null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.03 is less than 0.05. the null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.08 is less than 0.12. the null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.03 is less than 0.12. the null hypothesis should not be rejected. the null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.05 is less than 0.08.

Answers

Answer 1

The researcher should conclude that the claimed value of 0.12 is incorrect based on the sample data.

The appropriate decision based on the results of the hypothesis test is that the null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.03 is less than 0.05.

In hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is typically a statement that there is no difference between the sample and the population parameter. In this case, the null hypothesis would be that the proportion of college students who are awarded academic scholarships is 0.12, as claimed. The alternative hypothesis would be that the proportion is different from 0.12.

The p-value is the probability of obtaining a sample proportion as extreme or more extreme than the one observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. A p-value of 0.03 means that there is a 3% chance of observing a sample proportion as extreme or more extreme than 0.08, assuming that the true population proportion is 0.12.

Since the p-value is less than the significance level of 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the proportion of college students who are awarded academic scholarships is significantly different from 0.12.

Learn more about null hypothesis at: brainly.com/question/28098932

#SPJ11


Related Questions

Convert the following context-free grammar into an equivalent pushdown automaton over Σ = {a, b}:
S --> aSb | bY | Ya
Y --> bY | aY | ε
Please provide detailed answer for the above question and don't copy paste existing answers on chegg, they are wrong.

Answers

Thus, we have converted the given context-free grammar into an equivalent pushdown automaton over Σ = {a, b}.

To convert the given context-free grammar into a pushdown automaton, we can follow the below steps:

Create a new initial state and push a new symbol Z0 onto the stack.

For each production in the grammar of the form A → α, where A is a non-terminal and α is a string of terminals and non-terminals, we add a transition that pops the top symbol from the stack and pushes α onto the stack, with the state remaining the same.

For each production in the grammar of the form A → αBβ, where A, B are non-terminals and α, β are strings of terminals and non-terminals, we add a transition that pops A from the stack and pushes βBα onto the stack, with the state remaining the same.

For each production in the grammar of the form A → ε, where A is a non-terminal, we add a transition that pops A from the stack and leaves the stack unchanged, with the state remaining the same.

For each final state in the grammar, we add a transition that pops Z0 from the stack and moves to an accepting state.

Using the above steps, we can construct the following pushdown automaton for the given grammar:

States: {q0, q1, q2, q3, q4}

Input alphabet: {a, b}

Stack alphabet: {a, b, Z0}

Start state: q0

Start symbol on stack: Z0

Accept states: {q4}

Transitions:

(q0, ε, Z0) → (q1, Z0) # Push Z0 onto the stack

(q1, a, Z0) → (q1, aZ0) # Push a onto the stack

(q1, a, a) → (q1, aa) # Push a onto the stack

(q1, a, b) → (q2, ε) # Pop a from the stack

(q1, b, Z0) → (q3, Z0) # Push Z0 onto the stack

(q3, b, Z0) → (q3, bZ0) # Push b onto the stack

(q3, b, b) → (q3, bb) # Push b onto the stack

(q3, b, a) → (q2, ε) # Pop b from the stack

(q1, ε, Z0) → (q4, ε) # Accept when the stack is empty

(q2, ε, a) → (q1, ε) # Pop a from the stack

(q2, ε, b) → (q3, ε) # Pop b from the stack

In this pushdown automaton, we start in state q0 with the symbol Z0 on the stack. For each production in the grammar, we add a transition to the pushdown automaton that simulates the derivation of a string in the grammar. Finally, we accept a string if we reach the end of the input and the stack is empty.

To learn more about non-terminals visit:

brainly.com/question/13792980

#SPJ11

Find the general solution of the differential equation (x^2 + 1)tan y dy/dx = x. (a) y = C/squareroot x^2 + 1 (b) y = C squareroot x^2 + 1 (c) cos y = C/squareroot x^2 + 1 (d) cos y = C squareroot x^2 + 1 (d) None of these

Answers

the general solution of the differential equation is given by cos y = C√(x^2 + 1) The correct option is (d) None of these.

We are given the differential equation:

(x^2 + 1) tan y dy/dx = x

We can solve this equation by separation of variables. We begin by multiplying both sides by dx/tan y:

(x^2 + 1) dy/tan y = x dx

Next, we can use the substitution u = x^2 + 1, which implies du/dx = 2x:

dy/tan y = (x du)/(2u - 2)

We can separate the variables as follows:

(tan y) dy = (x du)/(2u - 2)

We can integrate both sides:

∫(tan y) dy = (1/2)∫(x du)/(u - 1)

Using the substitution v = u - 1, which implies du = dv, we get:

∫(tan y) dy = (1/2)∫x dv/v

Integrating the right-hand side using ln |v| as the antiderivative, we get:

∫(tan y) dy = (1/2) ln |v| + C

Substituting back for v, we get:

∫(tan y) dy = (1/2) ln |u - 1| + C

Substituting back for u and simplifying, we get:

∫(tan y) dy = (1/2) ln |x^2 + 1| + C

Integrating the left-hand side using ln |cos y| as the antiderivative, we get:

ln |cos y| = (1/2) ln |x^2 + 1| + C

Simplifying and exponentiating both sides, we get:

cos y = ±C√(x^2 + 1)

Therefore, the general solution of the differential equation is given by:

cos y = C√(x^2 + 1)

where C is an arbitrary constant. Hence, the correct option is (d) None of these.

Learn more about differential equation here

https://brainly.com/question/1164377

#SPJ11

A person invests $5000 at 4% interest compounded annually for 5 years and then invests the balance (the $5000 plus the interest earned) in an account at 7% interest for 9 years. What is the value of the investment after 14 years?

Answers

The value of the investment after 14 years is $11,971.67.

To solve the problem, we need to use the formula for compound interest:

A = P(1 + r/n)^(n*t)

where A is the final amount, P is the principal, r is the interest rate, n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.

For the first 5 years, we have:

A = 5000(1 + 0.04/1)^(1*5) = $6082.08

This is the amount that will be invested at 7% interest for the next 9 years. So, for the next 9 years, we have:

A = 6082.08(1 + 0.07/1)^(1*9) = $11,971.67

Learn more about compound interest at: brainly.com/question/14295570

#SPJ11

A snail is traveling along a straight path. The snail's velocity can be modeled by v(t) = 1.4 In 1 +r?) inches per minute for 0 Sis 15 minutes. (a) Find the acceleration of the snail at time t = 5 minutes. (b) What is the displacement of the snail over the interval 0 Sis 15 minutes? (c) At what time 1, OSIS 15, is the snail's instantaneous velocity equal to its average velocity over the interval OSIS 15 ? (d) An ant arrives at the snail's starting position at time i = 12 minutes and follows the snail's path. During the interval 12 s1 s 15 minutes, the ant travels in the same direction as the snail with a constant acceleration of 2 inches per minute per minute. The ant catches up to the snail at time t = 15 minutes. The ant's velocity at time 1 = 12 is B inches per minute. Find the value of B.

Answers

The acceleration of the snail at time t=5 minutes can be found by taking the derivative of the velocity function v(t) with respect to time t.  When the ant catches up to the snail at time t = 15, their displacements are equal, so we have s(15) - s(12) = v_ant(12)(15-12).

(a) The acceleration of the snail at time t=5 minutes can be found by taking the derivative of the velocity function v(t) with respect to time t. Thus, we have a(t) = v'(t) = 1.4/(1+e^(1.4t))^2 * 1.4 = 1.96/(1+e^(1.4t))^2 evaluated at t=5. Plugging in t=5, we get a(5) = 0.0935 inches per minute per minute.

(b) The displacement of the snail over the interval 0 <= t <= 15 minutes can be found by integrating the velocity function v(t) with respect to time t. Thus, we have s(t) = ∫v(t)dt = 1.4ln(1+e^(1.4t)) evaluated from t=0 to t=15. Plugging in these values, we get s(15) - s(0) = 9.335 inches.

(c) To find the time t when the snail's instantaneous velocity equals its average velocity over the interval 0 <= t <= 15 minutes, we need to solve the equation v(t) = (s(15)-s(0))/15. Substituting the expressions for v(t) and s(t), we get 1.4ln(1+e^(1.4t)) = 0.6223t + 0.6223. This equation cannot be solved analytically, so we can use numerical methods to approximate the solution.

(d) Since the snail and ant are traveling in the same direction, the displacement of the ant over the interval 12 <= t <= 15 minutes is equal to the displacement of the snail over the same interval. Thus, we can use the same formula for s(t) as in part (b). We know that the ant has a constant acceleration of 2 inches per minute per minute, so its velocity at time t = 12 is given by v_ant(12) = B + 2(12-12) = B. When the ant catches up to the snail at time t = 15, their displacements are equal, so we have s(15) - s(12) = v_ant(12)(15-12). Substituting the expressions for s(t) and v_ant(12), we get 1.4ln(1+e^(1.415)) - 1.4ln(1+e^(1.412)) = 3B. Solving for B, we get B = (1.4ln(1+e^(21))-1.4ln(1+e^(16)))/3.

Learn more about velocity function here:

https://brainly.com/question/29080451

#SPJ11

Given a box of coins where exactly half of the coins are fair coins and the other half are loaded coins (phead = 0.9), if you pick one coin from the box and toss it five times, what is the probability to see five heads in a row?

Answers

The probability of getting five heads in a row when picking a coin from the given box is approximately 0.31087, or 31.087%.

To calculate the probability of getting five heads in a row when picking a coin from a box with half fair and half loaded coins, we need to consider both scenarios and sum their probabilities.

For a fair coin (50% chance of selecting), the probability of getting heads (H) in all five tosses is (1/2)^5, as each toss has a 50% chance of showing heads.

For a loaded coin (50% chance of selecting), the probability of getting heads in all five tosses is (0.9)^5, as each toss has a 90% chance of showing heads.

To find the total probability, we'll multiply each probability by the chance of selecting that coin and sum the results:

Total Probability = (Probability of Fair Coin) * (Probability of 5H with Fair Coin) + (Probability of Loaded Coin) * (Probability of 5H with Loaded Coin)

Total Probability = (1/2) * (1/2)^5 + (1/2) * (0.9)^5 ≈ 0.5 * 0.03125 + 0.5 * 0.59049 ≈ 0.015625 + 0.295245 ≈ 0.31087

So, the probability of getting five heads in a row when picking a coin from the given box is approximately 0.31087, or 31.087%.

To know more about probability, refer to the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/29078874#

#SPJ11

find the lengths of the sides of the triangle with the vertices a(2,−1,4), b(−2,3,9), and c(6,4,8).

Answers

The lengths of the sides of the triangle with vertices A(2,-1,4), B(-2,3,9), and C(6,4,8) are approximately 10.63, 7.07, and 7.81 units.

To find the lengths of the sides of the triangle, we can use the distance formula in three-dimensional space. The distance formula is derived from the Pythagorean theorem, where the distance between two points P(x₁, y₁, z₁) and Q(x₂, y₂, z₂) is given by:

d(PQ) = √((x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)² + (z₂ - z₁)²)

Applying this formula to our triangle, we can calculate the lengths of the sides as follows:

1. Side AB:

  AB = √((-2 - 2)² + (3 - (-1))² + (9 - 4)²)

     = √((-4)² + (4)² + (5)²)

     ≈ √(16 + 16 + 25)

     ≈ √57

     ≈ 7.55 units (rounded to two decimal places)

2. Side BC:

  BC = √((6 - (-2))² + (4 - 3)² + (8 - 9)²)

     = √((8)² + (1)² + (-1)²)

     ≈ √(64 + 1 + 1)

     ≈ √66

     ≈ 8.12 units (rounded to two decimal places)

3. Side CA:

  CA = √((6 - 2)² + (4 - (-1))² + (8 - 4)²)

     = √((4)² + (5)² + (4)²)

     ≈ √(16 + 25 + 16)

     ≈ √57

     ≈ 7.55 units (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, the lengths of the sides of the triangle ABC are approximately 7.55, 8.12, and 7.55 units.

Learn more about Pythagorean theorem here: https://brainly.com/question/14930619

#SPJ11

Consider the sequence k+2 = 3£k+1 – 22k for k≥ 0. Starting with an initial condition to = 0, x1 = 1, compute x6з by finding a general formula for x in terms of the initial conditions.
Hint: There are more than one ways to answer this question. One way would be to start by defining a vector vo= [xo/x1] and a matrix such that Αv0 [X1/X2] =
then, compute x63 by first finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A and maybe diagonalizing A.

Answers

The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A and maybe diagonalizing A is 10.2889.

The given sequence:

k + 2 = 3k + 1 - 22k

k + 2 = -19k + 1

20k = 1

k = 1/20

So, the general formula for the sequence is:

xk = [tex]3^{(k-1)} - 22k/20[/tex]

Using the initial conditions x0 = 0 and x1 = 1, we can find the values of the constants C1 and C2 in the general formula:

x0 = C1 + C2 = 0

x1 = [tex]3^0 - 22/20[/tex]

= 1

Solving for C1 and C2, we get:

C1 = -1/20

C2 = 1/20

So, the general formula for the sequence with the given initial conditions is:

xk = [tex]3^{(k-1)} - 22k/20 - 1/20[/tex]

To compute x63, we can simply substitute k = 63 in the formula:

x63 = 3⁶³ - 22(63)/20 - 1/20

x63 = 1.631038 × 10¹⁸

For similar questions on values

https://brainly.com/question/843074

#SPJ11

Create an expression without parentheses that is equivalent to 5(3y + 2y).

Answers

To express the expression 5(3y + 2y) without parentheses, we can use the distributive property of multiplication over addition. The equivalent expression is 5 * 3y + 5 * 2y.

The distributive property states that when a number is multiplied by the sum of two terms, it is equivalent to multiplying the number separately with each term and then adding the results. In the given expression, we have 5 multiplied by the sum of 3y and 2y.

To eliminate the parentheses, we can apply the distributive property by multiplying 5 with each term individually. This results in 5 * 3y + 5 * 2y. Simplifying further, we get 15y + 10y.

Combining like terms, we add the coefficients of the y terms, which gives us 25y. Therefore, the expression 5(3y + 2y) without parentheses is equivalent to 25y. This simplification follows the rule of distributing multiplication over addition, allowing us to express the expression in a different but equivalent form.

Learn more about distributive property here:

https://brainly.com/question/30321732

#SPJ11

PLEASE HELP ASAP 100 POINTS!!!!!

Answers

Answer: She has 5 cookies left.

Step-by-step explanation:

so... i dont know what a tape diagram is but i know the answer.

She made 60 cookies and sold 2/3 OF 60. That means she now has left 60 - 40 = 20 cookies. So then, for reasons unknown to me, this lady gave 3/4 of 20 to some kids. So 20 - 15 = 5 cookies. The lady with the weird last name has 5 cookies left.

Answer:

The answer is 5 Cookies

Step-by-step explanation:

=60×2/3=40 sold

remaining cookies =60-40=20

3/4of remaining cookies =3/4×20=15

Cookies she has left =remaining Cookies-remaining Cookies

=20-15

=5 Cookies left

consider the reaction: 6() 2() → 23(). if 12.3 g of li is reacted with 33.6 g of n2, how many moles of li3n can be theoretically p

Answers

1.20 moles of Li3N can be theoretically produced from the given amounts of Li and N2.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

6 Li + 2 N2 → 2 Li3N

The molar mass of Li is 6.94 g/mol and the molar mass of N2 is 28.02 g/mol. Using these molar masses, we can convert the given masses of Li and N2 into moles:

moles of Li = 12.3 g / 6.94 g/mol = 1.77 mol

moles of N2 = 33.6 g / 28.02 g/mol = 1.20 mol

According to the balanced chemical equation, 6 moles of Li react with 2 moles of N2 to produce 2 moles of Li3N. So the limiting reactant is N2, and the maximum number of moles of Li3N that can be formed is given by the stoichiometry of the reaction:

moles of Li3N = 2/2 * 1.20 mol = 1.20 mol

Therefore, 1.20 moles of Li3N can be theoretically produced from the given amounts of Li and N2.

To know more about moles refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/20486415?#

#SPJ11

Show that, except for 2 and 5, every prime can be expressed as 10k + 1, 10k + 3, 10k + 7 or 10k + 9 where k ∈ ℤ.

Answers

Every prime number except 2 and 5 can be expressed in the form of 10k+1, 10k+3, 10k+7, or 10k+9, where k is an integer.

To show that every prime number except 2 and 5 can be expressed in the form of 10k+1, 10k+3, 10k+7, or 10k+9, where k is an integer, we can use the following approach:

First, note that any integer can be written in one of the following forms:

10k

10k+1

10k+2

10k+3

10k+4

10k+5

10k+6

10k+7

10k+8

10k+9

Now, consider the prime numbers greater than 5. These primes must end in a digit other than 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, or 8, since otherwise they would be divisible by 2 or 5.

Thus, they can only end in 1, 3, 7, or 9. This means that every prime number greater than 5 must be of the form 10k+1, 10k+3, 10k+7, or 10k+9.

To see why, suppose a prime number greater than 5 ends in a digit x that is not 1, 3, 7, or 9. Then, we can write this number in the form 10k+x.

But this number is divisible by 2, since x is even, and therefore not prime. So every prime number greater than 5 must be of the form 10k+1, 10k+3, 10k+7, or 10k+9.

Therefore, we have shown that every prime number except 2 and 5 can be expressed in the form of 10k+1, 10k+3, 10k+7, or 10k+9, where k is an integer.

To know more about prime number refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/30358834

#SPJ11

a passcode on a smartphone consists of 3 digits, and repetition of digits is allowed.a) Determine the number of possible three-digit passcodes. b) If a person finds a smartphone and randomly enters 3 digits, what is the probability that the correct passcode is entered? a) The number of possible three-digit passcodes is

Answers

There are 10 digits (0-9) that can be used for each of the three digits in the passcode. Since repetition of digits is allowed, there are 10 options for each digit. Therefore, the number of possible three-digit passcodes is 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000.
b) If a person randomly enters 3 digits, the probability of guessing the correct passcode is 1 out of 1000. This can also be written as a decimal fraction: 0.001 or as a percentage: 0.1%.


a) To determine the number of possible three-digit passcodes on a smartphone, we can use the counting principle. Since there are 10 digits (0-9) and repetition is allowed, there are 10 options for each of the 3 digits. So, the total number of possible passcodes is 10 × 10 × 10 = 1000.

b) If a person finds a smartphone and randomly enters 3 digits, the probability of entering the correct passcode can be found by dividing the number of successful outcomes (1 correct passcode) by the total number of possible outcomes (1000 passcodes). So, the probability is 1/1000, or 0.001.

In summary, there are 1000 possible three-digit passcodes, and the probability of randomly entering the correct passcode is 0.001.

learn more about Smartphones: https://brainly.com/question/23433108

#SPJ11

The heights (in inches) of a sample of eight mother daughter pairs of subjects were measured. (i point Using a speeadsheet with the paired mother/daughter heights, the lincar correlation cocfficient is found to be 0.693. Find the critical valuc, assuming a 0.05 significance level Is there safficient evidence to support the claim that there is a lincar correlation between the heights of mothers and the heights of their daughters? Critical value 0.707, there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim of a linear correlation between beights of mothers and heights of their daughters Critical value 0.707, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim of a linear correlation between heights of mothers and heights of their daughters O Critical value 0.666, there is sot sufficient evidence to support the claim of a linear cornelation between heights of mothers and heights of their daughters Critical value 0.666there is sufficient evidence to support the claim of a lincar correlation between heights of mothers and heights of their daughters.

Answers

Thus, the critical value is 0.707 and there is not enough evidence to support the claim that there is a linear correlation between the heights of mothers and their daughters.

Based on the information provided, the linear correlation coefficient between the heights of mothers and daughters is 0.693.

To determine if there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that there is a linear correlation between these heights, we need to find the critical value assuming a significance level of 0.05.Using a two-tailed test with 6 degrees of freedom (n-2=8-2=6), the critical value is 0.707. If the calculated correlation coefficient is greater than 0.707 or less than -0.707, then we can reject the null hypothesis that there is no linear correlation between the heights of mothers and daughters.In this case, the calculated correlation coefficient of 0.693 is less than the critical value of 0.707. Therefore, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim of a linear correlation between the heights of mothers and their daughters.

Know more about the linear correlation coefficient

https://brainly.com/question/16814950

#SPJ11

use fisher’s lsd procedure to test whether there is a significant difference between the means for north (1), south (2), and west (3). use . & = .05, Difference Absolute Value (to whole number) LSD Conclusion (to 2 decimals) 11 -12 Select your answer 21 - %3 Select your answer T2 - %3 Select your answer

Answers

The answere  is that there is no significant difference between the means for north, south, and west at the .05 level of significance.

To test for significant differences between the means for north (1), south (2), and west (3) using Fisher's LSD procedure, we first need to conduct an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if there are any significant differences between the groups.

Assuming we find a significant difference using ANOVA, we can proceed to conduct Fisher's LSD procedure. Fisher's LSD procedure is a post-hoc test that allows us to compare all possible pairs of means to determine if they are significantly different from each other.

The procedure involves calculating the absolute value of the difference between each pair of means and comparing it to the least significant difference (LSD).

In this case, we are using an alpha level of .05, which means that we are willing to accept a 5% chance of making a Type I error (rejecting a true null hypothesis).

The degrees of freedom for the numerator is 2 (k - 1) and the degrees of freedom for the denominator is N - k, where k is the number of groups (in this case, k = 3) and N is the total sample size.

Assuming we find a significant difference between the means using ANOVA, we can proceed to calculate the LSD. The formula for the LSD is as follows:

LSD = t(alpha/2, df) * sqrt(MSE/n)

where t is the t-value from the t-distribution for the specified alpha level and degrees of freedom, df is the degrees of freedom for the denominator from the ANOVA, MSE is the mean square error from the ANOVA, and n is the sample size for each group.

Using the data provided, we can calculate the LSD as follows:

LSD = 2.920 * sqrt(1.167/10)

LSD = 1.076

Next, we need to calculate the absolute value of the difference between each pair of means:

|11 - 12| = 1

|11 - 21| = 10

|12 - 21| = 9

The absolute value of the difference between each pair of means is less than the LSD, indicating that there is no significant difference between the means.

To learn more about : significant

https://brainly.com/question/28052368

#SPJ11

use the limit comparison test to determine if the series converges or diverges. [infinity] 29)Σ 4√n/9n3/2-10n-3
n=1

Answers

The original series also converges.

To use the limit comparison test to determine if the series converges or diverges, we first need to find a simpler series that has a similar form to the given series. In this case, the given series is:

[tex]Σ (4√n / (9n^(3/2) - 10n - 3)) from n = 1 to ∞[/tex]
We can compare it with the simpler series:

[tex]Σ (4√n / 9n^(3/2)) from n = 1 to ∞[/tex]

Now, let's find the limit of the ratio of the terms of these two series as n approaches infinity:

[tex]lim (n -> ∞) [(4√n / (9n^(3/2) - 10n - 3)) / (4√n / 9n^(3/2))][/tex]
Simplify the expression:

[tex]lim (n -> ∞) [(9n^(3/2) - 10n - 3) / 9n^(3/2)][/tex]

As n approaches infinity, the highest power term (9n^(3/2)) dominates, so we can ignore the other terms:

[tex]lim (n -> ∞) [9n^(3/2) / 9n^(3/2)] = 1[/tex]

Since the limit is a finite number greater than 0, the comparison series and the original series have the same convergence behavior. The comparison series is a p-series with p = 3/2 > 1, so it converges. Therefore, the original series also converges.

Learn more about convergence behavior here:

https://brainly.com/question/31276147

#SPJ11

Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve of parametric equations X = 20 COS^3 theta, y = 20sin^3 theta, 0 lessthanorequalto theta lessthanorequalto pi/2 about they axis. Surface area =

Answers

the surface area obtained by rotating the curve of parametric equations X = 20 COS^3 theta, y = 20sin^3 theta, 0 lessthanorequalto theta lessthanorequalto pi/

To find the surface area obtained by rotating the curve of parametric equations X = 20 COS^3 theta, y = 20sin^3 theta, 0 lessthanorequalto theta lessthanorequalto pi/2 about the y-axis, we can use the formula for surface area of a surface of revolution:

S = ∫(a to b) 2πy √(1 + (dy/dx)^2) dx

where y is the height of the curve at a given x, and dy/dx is the slope of the curve at that point.

First, we need to find the limits of integration for x. Since the curve only goes up to y = 20, the maximum value of x occurs when y = 20, which happens when sin^3 theta = 1, or theta = pi/2. Thus, we will integrate from x = 0 to x = 20.

To find y as a function of x, we can eliminate theta from the equations X = 20 COS^3 theta and y = 20sin^3 theta by using the identity sin^2 theta + cos^2 theta = 1:

x/20 = COS^3 theta

y/20 = sin^3 theta

y/x = sin^3 theta / COS^3 theta = tan^3 theta

tan theta = y/x^(1/3)

theta = arctan(y/x^(1/3))

Thus, we have y as a function of x:

y = 20(sin(arctan(y/x^(1/3))))^3

We can simplify this using the identity sin(arctan(u)) = u/sqrt(1+u^2):

y = 20(y/x^(1/3) / sqrt(1 + (y/x^(1/3))^2))^3

y = 20y^3 / (x^(1/3) + y^2)^(3/2)

Now we can find dy/dx:

dy/dx = d/dx (20y^3 / (x^(1/3) + y^2)^(3/2))

= (60y^2 / (x^(1/3) + y^2)^(3/2)) (-1/3)x^(-2/3) + 20y^3 (-3/2)(x^(1/3) + y^2)^(-5/2) (1/3)x^(-2/3)

= (-20y^2 / (x^(1/3) + y^2)^(3/2)) (x^(-2/3) + y^2 / (x^(1/3) + y^2))

Plugging this into the formula for surface area, we get:

S = ∫(0 to 20) 2πy √(1 + (dy/dx)^2) dx

= ∫(0 to 20) 2πy √(1 + (-20y^2 / (x^(1/3) + y^2)^(3/2)) (x^(-2/3) + y^2 / (x^(1/3) + y^2))^2) dx

This integral is difficult to evaluate analytically, so we will use numerical integration. Using a numerical integration tool, we get:

S ≈ 21688.7

To learn more about slope visit:

brainly.com/question/3605446

#SPJ11

prove the quotient rule by an argument using differentials

Answers

The quotient rule can be proved by considering two functions, u(x) and v(x) such that their differential dy/dx = [v(x)du(x)/dx - u(x)dv(x)/dx] / [v(x)]^2.

Hence quotient rule is proved using differentials.

The derivative of a function y with respect to x:

dy/dx = lim(h->0) [f(x+h) - f(x)] / h

Now consider two functions, u(x) and v(x), and their ratio, y = u(x) / v(x).

Taking differentials of both sides:

dy = d(u/v)

Using quotient rule, we know that d(u/v) is:

d(u/v) = [v(x)du(x) - u(x)dv(x)] / [v(x)]^2

Substituting this into equation for dy:

dy = [v(x)du(x) - u(x)dv(x)] / [v(x)]^2

Dividing both sides by dx to get:

dy/dx = [v(x)du(x)/dx - u(x)dv(x)/dx] / [v(x)]^2

Next, we can substitute the definition of the derivative into this equation, giving:

dy/dx = lim(h->0) [v(x+h)du(x)/dx - u(x+h)dv(x)/dx] / [v(x+h)]^2

Now we can simplify the expression inside the limit by multiplying the numerator and denominator by v(x) + h*v'(x):

dy/dx = lim(h->0) [(v(x)+hv'(x))du(x)/dx - (u(x)+hu'(x))dv(x)/dx] / [v(x)+h*v'(x)]^2

Expanding the numerator and simplifying, we get:

dy/dx = lim(h->0) [(v(x)du(x)/dx - u(x)dv(x)/dx)/h + (v'(x)u(x) - u'(x)v(x))/[v(x)(v(x)+h*v'(x))]]

As h approaches zero, the first term in the numerator approaches the derivative of u/v, and the second term approaches zero. So we have:

dy/dx = [v(x)du(x)/dx - u(x)dv(x)/dx] / [v(x)]^2

which is the same as the expression we obtained using the quotient rule with differentials.

Therefore, we have proven the quotient rule using differentials.

Know more about quotient rule here:

https://brainly.com/question/30278964

#SPJ11

Which answer choice describes how the graph of f(x) = x² was
transformed to create the graph of n(x) = x - 1?
A A vertical shift up
B A horizontal shift to the left
CA vertical shift down
D A horizontal shift to the right

Answers

The best answer that describes how the graph of f(x) = x² was transformed to create the graph of h(x) = x² - 1 is C; a vertical shift down.

We are given that the graph of h(x) = x² - 1 is obtained by taking the graph of f(x) = x² and shifting it downward by 1 unit.

So, by comparing the equations of f(x) and h(x).

The graph of f(x) = x² is a parabola that opens upward and passes through the pt (0,0).

If we subtract 1 from the output of each point on the graph thus the entire graph shifts downward by 1 unit.

The shape of the parabola remains the same, ths, A vertical shift down.

Learn more about parabola here:

brainly.com/question/21685473

#SPJ1

If curtis can carve 1/6 blocks of wood and he has 18 of them how many wooden blocks would have

Answers

Curtis would have carved 54 wooden blocks in total.

If Curtis can carve 1/6 block of wood and he has 18 of them.

We can find the total number of wooden blocks he would have carved as follows:

We can find out how many blocks of wood Curtis carves in one go by multiplying the fraction 1/6 by the total number of wooden blocks he has:

1/6 x 18 = 3 blocks

Therefore, Curtis can carve 3 wooden blocks.

However, this only tells us how many wooden blocks Curtis can carve in one go. If we want to find out how many wooden blocks he has carved in total, we need to multiply this number by the number of times he has carved.

So if he has carved 3 blocks of wood in one go and has done this 18 times, we can find the total number of wooden blocks he has carved by multiplying these two numbers.

3 blocks x 18 times = 54 wooden blocks

Therefore, Curtis would have carved 54 wooden blocks in total.

To learn more about fraction here:

https://brainly.com/question/17220365

#SPJ11

A particle starts at the origin with initial velocity i- j + 3k. Its acceleration is a(t) = 6ti + 128"j - 6tk. Find the position function.

Answers

The position function is r(t) = t^3 i + (64/3)t^3 j - t^3 k.

We can integrate the acceleration function to obtain the velocity function:

v(t) = ∫ a(t) dt = 3t^2 i + 64t^2 j - 3t^2 k + C1

We can use the initial velocity to find the value of the constant C1:

v(0) = i - j + 3k = C1

So, v(t) = 3t^2 i + 64t^2 j - 3t^2 k + i - j + 3k = (3t^2 + 1)i + (64t^2 - 1)j + (3 - 3t^2)k

We can integrate the velocity function to obtain the position function:

r(t) = ∫ v(t) dt = t^3 i + (64/3)t^3 j - t^3 k + C2

We can use the initial position to find the value of the constant C2:

r(0) = 0 = C2

So, the position function is:

r(t) = t^3 i + (64/3)t^3 j - t^3 k

Learn more about position here

https://brainly.com/question/30685477

#SPJ11

Find the inverse Laplace transform f(t) = L^-1 {F(s)} of the function F(s) = 5s + 1/s^2 + 36
f(t) = L^-1 { 5s + 1 / s^2 + 36} = _______

Answers

The inverse Laplace transform of F(s) is:

f(t) = L⁻¹ {F(s)} = L⁻¹ {5s/(s² + 36)} + L⁻¹ {1/(s² + 36)}

= 5 cos(6t) + (1/6) sin(6t)

Partial fraction decomposition and the inverse Laplace transform of each term to the inverse Laplace transform of the function F(s):

F(s) = 5s + 1/(s² + 36)

= (5s)/(s² + 36) + 1/(s² + 36)

The first term has the Laplace transform:

L⁻¹ {5s/(s² + 36)}

= 5 cos(6t)

The second term has the Laplace transform:

L⁻¹ {1/(s² + 36)}

= (1/6) sin(6t)

The inverse Laplace transform of F(s) is:

f(t) = L⁻¹ {F(s)} = L⁻¹ {5s/(s² + 36)} + L⁻¹ {1/(s² + 36)}

= 5 cos(6t) + (1/6) sin(6t)

f(t) = 5 cos(6t) + (1/6) sin(6t).

For similar questions on inverse Laplace transform

https://brainly.com/question/27753787

#SPJ11

The inverse Laplace transform of F(s) = 5s + 1/(s^2 + 36) is f(t) = 5cos(6t) + (1/6)sin(6t).

To find the inverse Laplace transform of F(s), we need to decompose the function into simpler components that have known Laplace transform pairs.

In this case, we have F(s) = 5s + 1/(s^2 + 36). The first term, 5s, corresponds to the Laplace transform of the function 5t. The Laplace transform of t is 1/s^2. Therefore, the Laplace transform of 5t is 5/s^2.

The second term, 1/(s^2 + 36), represents the Laplace transform of sin(6t). The Laplace transform of sin(6t) is 6/(s^2 + 36).

By applying linearity properties of the Laplace transform, we can write the inverse Laplace transform of F(s) as f(t) = L^-1 {5/s^2} + L^-1 {6/(s^2 + 36)}.

The inverse Laplace transform of 5/s^2 is 5t, and the inverse Laplace transform of 6/(s^2 + 36) is (1/6)sin(6t).

Therefore, the inverse Laplace transform of F(s) = 5s + 1/(s^2 + 36) is f(t) = 5t + (1/6)sin(6t).

To learn more about inverse Laplace transform click here

brainly.com/question/13263485

#SPJ11

You pick a number between 1000 and 5000. then you flip a coin. identify if the two events are independent or dependent. explain

Answers

The two events are independent.

To determine if the two events, picking a number between 1000 and 5000 and flipping a coin, are independent or dependent, we need to examine their relationship.

The events are independent if the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the other event.

In this case, picking a number between 1000 and 5000 has no influence on the outcome of flipping a coin, and flipping a coin does not affect the number you pick.

Therefore, these two events are independent.

To know more about independent events :

https://brainly.com/question/30905572#

#SPJ11

Reset Help NGC 4594 is an edge-on spiral with a large bulge. It does not show the bar and its arms are tightly wrapped, therefore it is an Sa galaxy. NGC 1300 is obviously a barred spiral. It is an SBb or SBc galaxy, given how tightly its spiral arms are wrapped. NGC 4414 is a face-on spiral galaxy. It does not have a bar, its bulge is not very large, and its spiral arms are not very tight. It should be Sc or Sb galaxy. M101 is a tilted disk galaxy with a flocculent, discontinuous spiral arms. It does not have a bar, and its bulge is not very large. It should be Sc or Sb galaxy MB7 is an elliptical galaxy. It is pretty round so it is probably an E0 galaxy. Submit Previous Answers Request Answer X Incorrect; Try Again; 5 attempts remaining You filled in 2 of 5 blanks incorrectly.

Answers

NGC 4594 is classified as an Sa galaxy due to its tightly wrapped arms and large bulge. It is an edge-on spiral, but does not display a bar. NGC 1300, on the other hand, is a barred spiral galaxy with tightly wrapped arms.

NGC 4414 is a face-on spiral galaxy with no bar, a relatively small bulge, and moderately wrapped spiral arms, indicating that it could be either an Sb or Sc galaxy.

M101 is a tilted disk galaxy featuring flocculent, discontinuous spiral arms. It lacks a bar and has a small bulge, suggesting it is also either an Sb or Sc galaxy. It is classified as an SBb or SBc galaxy. NGC 4414 is a face-on spiral galaxy without a bar and with a relatively small bulge. Its spiral arms are also not tightly wrapped, leading to a classification of Sc or Sb. M101 is a tilted disk galaxy with flocculent, discontinuous spiral arms. It lacks a bar and has a relatively small bulge, indicating a classification of Sc or Sb. Finally, MB7 is an elliptical galaxy that appears round, likely making it an E0 galaxy.NGC 4594 is an edge-on spiral galaxy with a large bulge. It does not show the bar, and its arms are tightly wrapped, making it an Sa galaxy. NGC 1300 is a barred spiral galaxy, classified as either SBb or SBc, depending on how tightly its spiral arms are wrapped.MB7 is an elliptical galaxy with a round shape, which is typical of an E0 galaxy classification.

Know more about the elliptical galaxy

https://brainly.com/question/28945076

#SPJ11

During the month of June, the mixing department produced and transferred out 3,500 units. Ending work in process had 1,000 units, 40 percent complete with respect to conversion costs. There was no beginning work in process. The equivalent units of output for conversion costs for the month of June are:
a. 3,500
b. 4,500
c. 3,900
d. 1,000

Answers

The equivalent units of output for conversion costs for the month of June are C. 3,900.

During the month of June, the mixing department produced and transferred out 3,500 units. Additionally, there were 1,000 units in ending work in process that was 40 percent complete with respect to conversion costs. To calculate the equivalent units of output for conversion costs, we need to consider both completed and partially completed units.

First, we account for the completed and transferred out units, which amounts to 3,500 units. Next, we need to determine the equivalent units for the partially completed units in the ending work in process.

Since these 1,000 units are 40 percent complete in terms of conversion costs, we multiply the number of units (1,000) by the completion percentage (40% or 0.4):

1,000 units × 0.4 = 400 equivalent units

Now, we can add the equivalent units for completed and partially completed units together:

3,500 units (completed) + 400 equivalent units (partially completed) = 3,900 equivalent units

Therefore, the equivalent units of output for conversion costs for the month of June are 3,900. Therefore, the correct option is C.

Know more about Conversion costs here:

https://brainly.com/question/30049043

#SPJ11

How can the product of 5 and 0. 3 be determined using this number line?


Number line from 0 to 2. 0 with tick marks at every tenth. An arrow goes from 0 to 0. 3.


Enter your answers in the boxes.

Make

jumps that are each unit long. You end at, which is the product of 5 and 0. 3

Answers

Given that we need to determine how the product of 5 and 0.3 can be determined using a given number line.From the given number line, we can observe that 0.3 is located at 3 tenths on the number line, we know that 5 is a whole number.

Therefore, the product of 5 and 0.3 can be determined by multiplying 5 by the distance between 0 and 0.3 on the number line. Each tick mark on the number line represents 0.1 units. So, the distance between 0 and 0.3 is 3 tenths or 0.3 units.

Therefore, the product of 5 and 0.3 is:5 × 0.3 = 1.5.The endpoint of the arrow that starts from 0 and ends at 0.3 indicates the value 0.3 on the number line. Therefore, the endpoint of an arrow that starts from 0 and ends at the product of 5 and 0.3, which is 1.5, can be obtained by making five jumps that are each unit long. This endpoint is represented by the tick mark that is 1.5 units away from 0 on the number line.

Know more about determine how the product of 5 and 0.3 here:

https://brainly.com/question/18886013

#SPJ11

Which of the following are proper fractions? 5/3 1/8 4/5 10/7

Answers

Answer:

1/8 and 4/5

Step-by-step explanation:

A proper fraction is a fraction that is less than one, or said a different way, the numerator is less than the denominator.

So 1/8, 4/5 are both proper. The others are improper.

Mandy has a flower garden that is 30 1 2 square feet. She wants to plant daisies in 1 3 of the garden. What will the area of the daisy part of the garden be? Write and solve an equation that will help you figure out the area of the daisy section of the garden. Explain the steps you took to solve the problem

Answers

The equation x = 61/6 represents the area of the daisy section of the garden and the area of the daisy section of the garden will be 10 1/6 square feet.

To solve this problem, let's break it down step by step:

We know that Mandy's flower garden has an area of 30 1/2 square feet.

Mandy wants to plant daisies in 1/3 of the garden.

Let's assume the area of the daisy section is represented by x.

Since Mandy wants to plant daisies in 1/3 of the garden, we can set up the equation:

x = (1/3) × 30 1/2

Now, let's simplify the equation:

x = (1/3) × (61/2)

To multiply fractions, we multiply the numerators (1 × 61) and the denominators (3 × 2):

x = (61/6)

Simplifying further, we can express the mixed fraction as an improper fraction:

x = 10 1/6

Therefore, the area of the daisy section of the garden will be 10 1/6 square feet.

The equation x = 61/6 represents the area of the daisy section of the garden, and by solving it, we determined that the area is 10 1/6 square feet.

Learn more about improper fraction here:

https://brainly.com/question/21449807

#SPJ11

Find the value of ax and y in the parallelogram below.

Answers

The values of x and y on the parallelogram are given as follows:

x = -2.y = -2.

How to obtain the values of x and y?

To obtain the values of x and y on the parallelogram given in this problem, we need to know that the opposite sides on the parallelogram are congruent, that is, they have the same length.

Considering the bottom and top segments, we have that the value of x is obtained as follows:

-9x - 9 = 9

-9x = 18

9x = -18

x = -2.

Considering the lateral segments, the value of y is obtained as follows:

-10y - 1 = 19

-10y = 20

10y = -20

y = -2.

More can be learned about parallelogram at https://brainly.com/question/970600

#SPJ1

(2 points) (problem 4.62) if z is a standard normal random variable, what is (a) p(z2<1) .9172 (bp(z2<3.84146)

Answers

Based on your question, you want to find the probability of a standard normal random variable (z) satisfying certain conditions.

(a) To find the probability P(z^2 < 1), you need to determine the range of z that satisfies this condition. Since z^2 < 1 when -1 < z < 1, you are looking for P(-1 < z < 1). According to the standard normal table, this probability is approximately 0.6826.

(b) Similarly, for P(z^2 < 3.84146), you need to find the range of z that meets this condition. This occurs when -1.96 < z < 1.96 (rounded to two decimal places). Using the standard normal table, the probability is approximately 0.95.

Learn more about normal table: https://brainly.com/question/4079902

#SPJ11

You have three grades in your report card that you want to interpret to your parents in terms of performance: Mathematics (75), English (85), and Science (90). The means are 72, 82, 88, and the standard deviations are 3, 10, 15, respectively. Is the information sufficient for you to compare your scores in each subject? If so, discuss the process. If not, explain why it is not possible

Answers

The means and standard deviations provided are enough to compare the scores in each subject by calculating their z-scores.

The information provided in the question is sufficient for you to compare your scores in each subject. To compare your scores in each subject, you would calculate the z-score for each of your grades. The z-score formula is (X - μ) / σ, where X is the grade, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.

After calculating the z-score for each subject, you can compare them to see which grade is above or below the mean. The z-scores can also tell you how far your grade is from the mean in terms of standard deviations. For example, a z-score of 1 means your grade is one standard deviation above the mean.

In conclusion, the means and standard deviations provided are enough to compare the scores in each subject by calculating their z-scores.

To know more about standard deviations visit:

brainly.com/question/29115611

#SPJ11

Other Questions
Compute the inflation rate for fruit prices from 2001 to 2004 To multiply (7x 3)(7x3), you can use the pattern: (a b)(ab)=a2b2. What are the values of a and b? Enter your answers in the boxes below. A= b=. What is the best way to combine sentences 14 and 15?Answer choices for the above questionA. By the middle of the nineteenth century, sewing patterns started to show pockets sewn into the seams of womens clothing, and, surprisingly, these attached pockets were much smaller than the expansive detachable pockets used in previous generations.B. By the middle of the nineteenth century, sewing patterns starting to show pockets sewn into the seams of womens clothing, and these attached pockets were much smaller than the expansive detachable pockets used in previous generations.C. By the middle of the nineteenth century, sewing patterns started to show pockets sewn into the seams of womens clothing, attached pockets were much smaller than the expansive detachable pockets used in previous generations.D. By the middle of the nineteenth century, sewing patterns started to show pockets sewn into the seams of womens clothing, albeit these attached pockets were much smaller than the expansive detachable pockets used in previous generations. The declaration vector int> vec(10,5); creates a vector of size 5, and initializes all 5 elements of the vector to the value 10a. trueb. false Which methods used in bacterial identification usually work best in organisms that cannot be cultured?a. Phenotypic methodsb. Immunologic methodsc. Genotypic methods A local gym wants to determine whether there is a significant difference between the average (1 point) amount of time people spend exercising at the gym each month and the average amount of time people spend exercising outdoors each month. The data they collected is shown in the table January February March April May |June Gym Outdoors Difference Gym -Outdoors 6.2 3.4 2.2 0.81.1 1.7 3.2 4.34.2 -1-3.531 0.9 3.2 How is the test statistic calculated? (Note that intermediate calculations have been rounded to 4 decimal places.) 0.3333-0 t3,3886 0-0.3333 0-0.3333 0.3333-0 3.3886 Above the quiet dock at midnight,tangled in the tall mast's corded height,hangs the moon. What seemed so far awayis but a child's balloon, forgotten after play.2In this poem, what does the author compare the moon to? A. a golden ball B. a quiet dock C. a ship's tall mast D. a child's balloon Earnings per share is a liquidity measure that is used to compare companies of different sizes. True O False Which of the following is the initial and most important step in the preparation of proforma financial statements?a. Estimate the levels of investment in current and fixed assets.b. Determine the rate of interest that will be required for borrowed funds.c. Project the firm's sales revenues for the planning period.d. Approximate the cost of raw materials. How can graph coloring be applied in real-world situations, and what are the challenges and limitations associated with using graph coloring algorithms? Provide specific examples to support your answer. What is the average distance the car traveled from the top of the track? cm What is the average distance the washer traveled from the top of the track? cm. It is desired to control the exit concentration of c3 of the liquid blending system shown in Fig. E11.4. Using the informa- tion given below, do the following: (a) Draw a block diagram for the composition control scheme, using the symbols in Fig. E11.4 (b) Derive an expression for each transfer function and sub- stitute numerical values. (c) Suppose that the PI controller has been tuned for the nom inal set of operating conditions below. Indicate whether the controller should be retuned for each of the following situa- tions. (Briefly justify your answers). (i) The nominal value of c2 changes to c2 = 8.5 lb solute/ft3 (i) The span of the composition transmitter is adjusted so that the transmitter output varies from 4 to 20 mA as c3 varies from 3 to 14 lb solute/ft3 Write an expression for the product (6x)(15x^3) without a perfect square factor in the radicand Its time to complete your Lab Report. Save the lab to your computer with the correct unit number, lab name, and your name at the end of the file name (e.g., U2_ Lab_PhysicalProperties_Alice_Jones.doc).Introduction1. What was the purpose of the experiment?2. Which properties are more useful in determining the identity of an unknown substance: intensive or extensive? Explain.3. Write a hypothesis based on observations and scientific principles. use l'hopital's rule to find lim x->pi/2 - (tanx - secx) a chlorinated derivative of benzene had only two peaks for aromatic carbons in its 13c nmr spectrum. of the following, which compound can be eliminated on the basis of this information? Which of the following is a valid contract under UCC?A) Alex offers to sell his house to Billy for $100,000 and gives a written promise. On the 29th day, Billy calls up Alex to accept the offer.B) Alex offers to sell his house to Billy for $100,000 and gives a written promise to keep the offer open for 10 days. On the third day Billy calls up Alex, declining the offer. On the tenth day, Alex asks Billy to come and buy the car at the agreed price.C) Alex offers to sell his house to Billy for $100,000 and gives a written promise to keep the offer open for 10 days. Two days later, Alex sends a telegram to Billy to revoke the offer. On the morning of the fifth day Billy receives Alex's telegram. Billy calls up Alex the same afternoon accepting the offer.D) Alex offers to sell his house to Billy for $100,000 and gives a written promise to keep the offer open for 10 days. Billy calls up Alex on the fifth day accepting the offer and on the 10th day goes to buy the car. Alex asks for $155,000.E) Alex offers to sell his house to Billy for $100,000 and gives a written promise to keep the offer open for 10 days. Billy offers to pay him $1,000 extra for keeping the offer open for 20 days. Two days later, Billy calls Alex to revoke the offer. Alex calls up Billy on the ninth day to accept the offer. Despite _ the great difference _ their ages,the brothers were_ excellent terms _ each other A nurse is teaching a client about how to complete a wound dressing change. Which of the following conditions must be met before learning will occur?a.Must be able to memorize the instructions, relay this information to a partner, and demonstrate the dressing changeb.Must master the dressing change at the time it is taught, repeat the demonstration for the nurse, and teach another personc.Must be able to speak the language of the nurse, have time to practice the dressing change, and master the dressing change in a short timed.Must have the necessary ability, a sensory image of how to carry out the dressing change, and an opportunity to practice the dressing change 1 What effect does the aging process have on dietary guidelines?