Answer:
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Suppose that the total value of dividends to be paid by companies in the Narnian stock market index is $100 billion. Investors expect dividends to grow over the long term by 5% annually, and they require a 10% return. Now a collapse in the economy leads investors to revise their growth estimate down to 4%. By how much should market values change
Answer:
The correct answer is "16.67%".
Explanation:
Given:
Dividend,
= $100 billion
Rate of return,
= 10%
= 0.10
Growth rate,
= 5%
= 0.05
Now,
Market value will be:
= [tex]\frac{Dividend}{Rate \ of\ return-Growth \ rate}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{100}{0.10-0.05}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{100}{0.05}[/tex]
= [tex]2000 \ Billion[/tex] ($)
After collapse,
The market value will be:
= [tex]\frac{100}{(.10-.04)}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{100}{.06}[/tex]
= [tex]1666.67[/tex] ($)
Change in market value will be:
= [tex]2000-1666.67[/tex]
= [tex]333.33 \ Billion[/tex] ($)
hence,
The percentage change in market value will be:
= [tex]\frac{333.33}{2000}[/tex]
= [tex]16.67[/tex]%
Bell Corporation reports that at an activity level of 8,700 units, its total variable cost is $653,109, and its total fixed cost is $658,416.
Required: For the activity level of 8,800 units, assume this level is within the relevant range. Compute: the total variable cost, the total fixed cost, the total cost, the average variable cost per unit, the average fixed cost per unit, and the average total cost per unit.
There is not a word length requirement for this question; however, you must show your work.
Answer:
Bell Corporation
The total variable cost is = $660,616
The total fixed cost is = $658,416
The total cost is = $1,319,032
The average variable cost per unit is = $75.07
The average total cost per unit is = $149.89
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Current activity level = 8,700 units
Variable cost based on the current activity level = $653,109
Unit variable cost = $75.07 ($653,109/8,700)
Fixed cost = $658,416
At activity level of 8,800 units, since 8,800 units are within the relevant range:
The total variable cost = $660,616 (8,800 * $75.07)
The total fixed cost = $658,416 (same as at 8,700 units)
The total cost = $1,319,032 ($660,616 + $658,416)
The average variable cost per unit = $75.07 ($653,109/8,700)
The average total cost per unit = $149.89 ($1,319,032/8,800)
Auto Industries Company reported the following on its income statement:
Income before income taxes $420,000
Income tax expense (120,000)
Net income $300,000
If the income statement also shows interest expense equal to $80,000, what is the company's times interest earned ratio?
a. 5 times.
b. 6.25 times.
c. 5.25 times.
d. 8 times.
Answer:
Option c. 5.25 times is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Below is the calculation:
Income before income tax = $420000
Income tax expenses = 120000 dollars
Net income = $300000
Interest expense = $80000
Interest earned ratio = Earning Before Interest and Taxes / Interest Expenses
Interest earned ratio = 420000 / 80000
Interest earned ratio = 5.25 times
Option c. 5.25 times is the correct answer.
Jason Ford, the CEO of the Green-Plus Company, was known among businesspeople for his qualities of self-discipline, friendliness, caring, courage, compassion, trust, and humility. This example shows that a _______ is a character trait valued as being good.
Answer: virtue
Explanation:
Virtue is refered to as the behavior whereby one shows high moral standards. It is the quality posseses by someone when the person is morally good.
Since Jason Ford has qualities such as self-discipline, caring, trust, friendliness, courage, compassion, and humility, then virtue can be said to. Be valued as being good.
Explain the importance of a cross-cultural understanding for international businesses success.
Answer:
Cross-cultural communication has become strategically important to companies due to the growth of global business, technology, and the internet. Cross-cultural communication in an organization deals with understanding different business customs, beliefs and communication strategies.
Beaverton Lumber purchased a milling machine for $35,000. In addition to the purchase price, Beaverton made the following expenditures: freight, $1,500; installation, $3,000; testing, $2,000; personal property tax on the machine for the first year, $500. What is the initial cost of the machine?
Answer:
$41,500
Explanation:
Calculation to determine What was the initial cost of the machine to be capitalized
Purchase price $35,000
Add Freight $1,500
Add Installation $3,000
Add Testing $2,000
Total Cost $41,500
Therefore the initial cost of the machine is $41,500
Journalize the following transactions.a. On December 1, $13,250 was received for a service contract to be performed from December 1 through April 30. b. Assuming the work is performed evenly throughout the contract period, journalize the adjusting entry required on December 31.
Answer:
hello didi the code on their own lives r
Answer:
On December 1
$18000 To unearned revenue AC
Explanation:
$18000÷5months
=$3600
Company A, a British manufacturer, wishes to borrow US dollars at a fixed rate of interest. Company B, a US multinational, wishes to borrow sterling at a fixed rate of interest. They have been quoted the following rates per annum ( adjusted for differential tax effects):
Sterling US dollars
Company A 11.0% 7.0%
Company B 10.6% 6.2%
Design a swap that will net a bank, acting as intermediary, 10 basis points per annum and that will produce a gain of 15 basis points per annum for each of the two companies.
Answer:
Company b 11.0 % 7.o%
Explanation:
Is this ok
Which of the following is true of public goods? Question 9 options: a) The market mechanism helps to signal the quantity that is demanded by the public. b) The public sector is guided to produce the correct quantity by market prices. c) Consumption by one person does not preclude consumption of the same good by another person. d) Payment for consumption is efficiently provided by market prices.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
A public good is a good that is non excludable and non rivalrous.
For example, if there is a statue in a park, Everyone has assess to the statue and because one person is enjoying the view of the statue does not means another person cannot enjoy the view of the statue
For each of the following situations involving annuities, solve for the unknown. Assume that interest is compounded annually and that all annuity amounts are received at the end of each period.-interest rate, and n number of years EV of $1, PV of $1, EVA of $1 PVA of $1, EVAD of $1 and PVAD of $ Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Round your final answers to nearest whole dollar.
Present Value Annuity Amount i = n =
1. ___________ $2,600 8% 5
2. 507,866 135,000 ___ 4
3. 661,241 170,000 9% ____
4. 540,000 78,557 ___ 8
5. 230,000 _____________ 10% 4
Answer:
Following are the solution to the given question:
Explanation:
For point 1:
[tex]Annuity\ Amount= \$2,600\\\\i=8\%\\\\n=5\\\\Present\ Value=?[/tex]
Our table shows that the factor is equal at 3.99271 for 8 percent and 5 periods. In addition to this, the present value is $10,381 dollars in the annuity.
For point 2:
[tex]Present \ Value=507,866\\\\ Annuity \ Amount= 135,000\\\\ i =?\\\\n =4[/tex]
[tex]\text{Present Value of Ordinary Annuity = Annuity Amount} \times PVOA \ Factor[/tex]
[tex]507,866 = 135,000 \times PVOA \ Factor\\\\\frac{507,866}{135,000} = PVOA \ Factor\\\\3.76197 = PVOA\ Factor[/tex]
When looking at our n=4 row table, we notice that perhaps the factor of PVOA is equal to 3,56197 whenever the rate is equal to 2,5%.
For point 3:
[tex]Present\ Value=661,241\\\\ Annuity\ Amount= 170,000\\\\ i = 9\% \\\\n =?[/tex]
[tex]\text{Present Value of Ordinary Annuity = Annuity Amount} \times PVOA \ Factor[/tex]
[tex]661,241 = 170,000 \times PVOA\ Factor \\\\\frac{661,241}{170,000} = PVOA \ Factor\\\\3.88965 = PVOA \ Factor[/tex]
If you really are looking at our table in column i = 9%, we found PVOA is 3.88965 if n is 5.
For point 4:
[tex]Present\ Value= 540,000 \\\\Annuity \ Amount=78,557\\\\ i = ?\\\\n =8[/tex]
[tex]\text{Present Value of Ordinary Annuity = Annuity Amount} \times PVOA \ Factor[/tex]
[tex]540,000 = 78,557 \times PVOA\ Factor\\\\\frac{540,000}{78,557} = PVOA \ Factor\\\\6.873989 = PVOA \ Factor[/tex]
If you verify our table for n = 8 lines, the PVOA factor is approximately 6.87399 when the rate of interest is 3.5 percent.
For point 5:
[tex]Present\ Value=230,000\\\\ Annuity\ Amount=?\\\\ i =10\%\\\\ n =4[/tex]
The PVOA factor is 3.16997 when we search our table with i = 10% and n = 4.
[tex]230,000 = Annuity \ Amount \times 3.16987\\\\\frac{230,000}{3.16987} = Annuity\ Amount\\\\72,558 = Annuity\ Amount\\\\annuity\ total= \$72,558.[/tex]
Salado Inc. provides cleaning services through its Residential and Commercial divisions. Support services of the company are provided by Personnel and Administration areas. Costs of these two areas are allocated to the revenue producing departments. Personnel costs are allocated using number of employees; administration costs are allocated using direct department costs. The following 2013 budgeted information (presented in a benefits-provided ranking) is available:
Personnel Administration Residential Commericial
Direct costs $140,000 $180,000 $480,000 $800,000
Number of employees 12 30 72 48
Direct labor hours 60,000 90,000
Square feet deaned 450,000 570,000
Required:
a. Using the direct method, allocate the costs of Personnel and Administration to the Residential and Commercial divisions.
b. Using the step method, allocate the costs of Personnel and Administration to the Residential and Commercial divisions.
c. Salado prices jobs by the direct labor hour for Residential services and by the square foot cleaned for Commercial services. Compute the full cost of providing one direct labor hour of service for Residential and for one square foot cleaned for Commercial using (1) the direct method and (2) the step method. (Round cost per hour and cost per square foot to nearest cent.)
Answer:
Salado Inc.
a. Direct Method Allocation:
Personnel Administration Residential Commercial
Direct costs $140,000 $180,000 $480,000 $800,000
Personnel costs (140,000) 84,000 56,000
Administration costs (180,000) 67,500 112,500
Total allocated costs $631,500 $968,500
b. Step Method Allocation:
Personnel Administration Residential Commercial
Direct costs $140,000 $180,000 $480,000 $800,000
Personnel costs (140,000) 28,000 67,200 44,800
Administration costs (208,000) 78,000 130,000
Total allocated costs $625,200 $974,800
c. Full Cost of providing one direct labor hour of service for Residential and Commercial:
Residential Commercial
(1) the direct method $631,500 $968,500
Direct labor hours 60,000
Square feet cleaned 570,000
Unit cost = $10.53 $1.70
(2) the step method $625,200 $974,800
Direct labor hours 60,000
Square feet cleaned 570,000
Unit cost = $10.42 $1.71
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Personnel Administration Residential Commercial
Direct costs $140,000 $180,000 $480,000 $800,000
Number of employees 12 30 72 48
Direct labor hours 60,000 90,000
Square feet deaned 450,000 570,000
A new coffee machine costs $50,850 and the finance office has quoted you an Annual Percentage Rate (APR) of 5.9%, compounded monthly, for 36 months. What is the Effective Annual Rate (EAR)?
Answer:
6.062189766%
Explanation:
[tex](1+\frac{.059}{12})^{36}=(1+i)^3\\[/tex]
1: Một nhà máy khi đầu tư K (đơn vị: nghìn USD), sản phẩm cận biên theo vốn là
Q’(K) = 100K – 1/3
.
Biết rằng với mức đầu tư 8, sản lượng ở mức 4000 đơn vị. Cần đầu tư bao nhiêu để đạt mức sản lượng
8800 đơn vị?
A. 218; B. 212; C. 214; D. 216;
• A bond’s is generally $1,000 and represents the amount borrowed from the bond’s first purchaser. • A bond issuer is said to be in if it does not pay the interest or the principal in accordance with the terms of the indenture agreement or if it violates one or more of the issue’s restrictive covenants. • The contract that describes the terms of a borrowing arrangement between a firm that sells a bond issue and the investors who purchase the bonds is called . • A bond’s allows a bondholder or preferred stockholder to convert their bond or preferred share, respectively, into a specified number or value of common shares.
Answer: 1. Face value
2. Default
3. Indenture
4. convertibility provision
Explanation:
• A bond’s (face value) is generally $1,000 and represents the amount borrowed from the bond’s first purchaser.
• A bond issuer is said to be in (default) if it does not pay the interest or the principal in accordance with the terms of the indenture agreement or if it violates one or more of the issue’s restrictive covenants.
• The contract that describes the terms of a borrowing arrangement between a firm that sells a bond issue and the investors who purchase the bonds is called (indenture)
• A bond’s (convertibility provision) allows a bondholder or preferred stockholder to convert their bond or preferred share, respectively, into a specified number or value of common shares.
The calculation for annual depreciation using the straight-line depreciation method is:____.A. Initial cost × Estimated useful life.B. Initial cost / Estimated useful life.C. Depreciable cost × Estimated useful life. D. Depreciable cost / Estimated useful life.
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
D. Depreciable cost/estimated useful life
you don’t use initial cost because you subtract the salvage value from initial value to get the depreciable costs. And you divide not multiply by the estimated useful life.
Identify the following costs as fixed or variable:
Costs related to plane trips between Boston, Massachusetts, and San Diego, California, follow. Pilots are paid on a per-trip basis.
a. Pilots’ salaries relative to the number of trips flown.
b. Depreciation relative to the number of planes in service.
c. Cost of refreshments relative to the number of passengers.
d. Pilots’ salaries relative to the number of passengers on a particular trip.
e. Cost of a maintenance check relative to the number of passengers on a particular trip.
f. Fuel costs relative to the number of trips.
Answer:
In simple words, fixed cost refers to the cost that remain stable every time whereas the variable cost are the costs that changes with every change in the level of operations. Thus, the given expenditures can be categorized as follows :
1. Variable cost
2. Fixed costs
3. Variable costs
4. Fixed cost
5. Fixed cost
6. Variable cost
Business operations Essay
Answer:
The description of the given term "Business operations" is provided below.
Explanation:
Together with all measures essential to manage as well as generate money besides your firm, is considered as business operations.Sometimes a component devoted to the industry would be included throughout the marketing strategies, enough so founding members comprehend or recognize the authoritarian leadership style, machinery, personnel, including procedures.Which of the following assets purchased in the current year are eligible to be expensed under Section 179 assuming the cost does NOT exceed the limitations?
Rex’s Wrecks purchased $561,000 in new equipment during 2017. Rex wants to use Section 179 to expense the maximum amount of the purchase. How much will Rex get to expense under Section 179 and what will be the adjusted basis of the assets for calculating MACRS depreciation expense?
Question 1 Completion with Options:
A. used equipment
B. storage warehouse
C. land for future building site
D. new office furniture
E. apartment complex
F. new delivery truck
Answer:
1. The assets purchased in the current year that are eligible to be expensed under Section 179 assuming the cost does NOT exceed the limitations are:
A. used equipment
D. new office furniture
F. new delivery truck
2. $561,000 is the maximum to be expensed with an adjusted basis of 100% for MACRS
Explanation:
There is a maximum deduction of $1,050,000 under section 179. The section affords eligible taxpayers the opportunity to reduce their tax burden in the first year that they purchase eligible properties.
Culler Construction Company agreed with the City of Orange Key to build a road. The project was to begin on December 1. One week after the work began, a hurricane struck the site, washing away so much land that the construction would be twice as expensive. As a result, Culler refused to continue the job, unless Orange Key paid a large sum in addition to the initial contract price. A promise by Orange Key to pay more than the original price is:_______
Answer: D. Enforceable because Culler encountered unforeseen difficulties.
Explanation:
Contractual obligations can be changed if one or both parties encounter unforeseen circumstances that would significantly alter their ability to fulfil their part of the contract.
In this scenario, Culler Construction would incur a significantly higher cost to carry out their side of the contract than what was agreed. The contract can therefore be changed and this change would be enforceable by law. The higher offer by Orange Key is therefore legal and enforceable.
The Anson Jackson Court (AJC) currently has $150,000 market value (and book value) of perpetual debt outstanding carrying a coupon rate of 6%. Its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) are $89,000, and it is a zero growth company. AJC's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 25%. The firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $60.00. Refer to the data for Anson Jackson Court (AJC). AJC is considering moving to a capital structure that is comprised of 25% debt and 75% equity, based on market values. The new funds would be used to replace the old debt and to repurchase stock. It is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the additional leverage would cause the required rate of return on debt to rise to 6.56%, while the required rate of return on equity would rise to 10.07%. If this plan were carried out, what would be AJC's new WACC and total value
Answer:
The answer is "8.78%; $760,034"
Explanation:
Please find the complete solution in the attached file.
The Timberlake Company has the following information for August:
Cost of direct materials used in production $25000
Direct labor 35000
Factory overhead 20000
WIP, August 1 30000
WIP, August 31 25000
Requried:
a. Cost of goods manufactured
b. Cost of goods sold
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
1. Cost of goods manufactured
= Cost of direct materials uses in production + Direct labor + Factory overhead
= $25,000 + $35,000 + $20,000
= $80,000
2. Cost of goods sold
= Opening stock + Purchases - Closing stock
Or
Gross income = Gross revenue - Cost of goods sold
Hence we are not able to calculate cost of goods sold with the given information.
g A company's flexible budget for 15,000 units of production showed sales, $60,000; variable costs, $22,500; and fixed costs, $17,000. The sales expected if the company produces and sells 19,000 units is (Do not round intermediate calculations):
Answer:
$76,000
Explanation:
The first step is to find the sales price per unit
= 60,000/15,000
= $4
Therefore the sales expected from the company can be calculated as follow
= 4×19,000
= 76,000
Hence the expected sales is $76,000
Assume the risk-free rate is 4%. You are a financial advisor, and must choose one of the funds below to recommend to each of your clients. Whichever fund you recommend, your clients will then combine it with risk-free borrowing and lending depending on their desired level of risk.
Expected Return Volatility
Fund A 10% 10%
Fund B 15% 22%
Fund C 6% 2%
Required:
a. Which fund would you recommend to a client seeking the highest possible expected return with a maximum volatility of 22%?
b. Which fund would you recommend to a client seeking the highest possible expected return with a maximum volatility of 22%?
c. Which fund would your recommend without knowing your clients risk preference?
Answer:
Following are the solution to the given point.
Explanation:
Calculate each fund's Sharpe ratio. It Fund is the best danger reward with the highest Sharpe ratio.
[tex]\text{Sharpe Ratio} = \frac{\text{(Fund return - \text{risk free return)}}}{Volatility}\\\\\to Fund A= \frac{(10\%-4\%)}{10\%} = 0.6\\\\\to Fund B= \frac{(15\%-4\%)}{22\%} = 0.5\\\\\to Fund C = \frac{(6\%-4\%)}{2\%}=1.0\\\\[/tex]
Fund C consequently offers the best risk-benefit. and without understanding client risk preference, we will advise Fund C for any clients. If a client wants to have a 22 percent minimum volatility, we'll nevertheless propose that Fund C instead of Fund B is available, because an investor can take risk-free rates to the degree that the total portfolio volatility stands at 22 percent and deposit it in Fund C.
A market Group of answer choices always requires face-to-face contact between buyer and seller. reflects upsloping demand and downsloping supply curves. is an institution that brings together buyers and sellers. entails the exchange of goods, but not services.
Answer:
Option C "is an........sellers" is the right answer.
Explanation:
The market is considered as a location wherever vendors as well as purchasers gather together or enable their exchange of goods and commodities of products or even just providers.It could be like a department shop wherever individuals keep in touch throughout real life or virtually like such an internet market, where other businesses and consumers weren’t directly connected.The provided situation isn't linked to other alternatives. Thus the above response is the right one.
Benoit Company produces three products—A, B, and C. Data concerning the three products follow (per unit):
Product
A B C
Selling price $80 $56 $70
Variable expenses:
Direct materials 24 15 9
Other variable expenses 24 27 40
Total variable expenses 48 42 49
Contribution margin $32 $14 $21
Contribution margin ratio 40% 25% 30%
The company estimates that it can sell 1,000 units of each product per month. The same raw material is used in each product. The material costs $3 per pound with a maximum of 6,600 pounds available each month. What is the maximum contribution margin that the company can earn per month if it makes optimal use of its 5,000 pounds of materials?
Solution :
[tex]\text{Working }[/tex] [tex]\text{A}[/tex] [tex]\text{B}[/tex] [tex]\text{C}[/tex]
A ([tex]\text{Direct material per unit}[/tex]) $ 24 $ 15 $9
B (Material cost per pound) $3 $3 $3
C=A/B (pound of material per unit) 8 5 3
D (Contribution margin per unit) $32 $14 $21
E=D/C (Contribution margin pound $ 4 $ 2.8 $ 7
of raw materials)
Order of preference to allocate material 2nd 3rd 1st
Since the product C has maximize 'contribution margin per pound' it will give 1st preference, followed by the product A and B.
The allocation of the available 5000 pounds of the raw material.
A B C
Maximize units that can be sold (A) 1000 1000 1000
Materials required per unit (B) 8 5 3
Total material requirement (C) 8000 5000 3000
Available raw material in pounds 5000 pounds
(-) first allocation to product C 3000 pounds
Remaining material 2000 pounds
(-) seconds allocation to product A 2000 pounds
Remaining for the product B 0 pounds
Now calculating the total contribution on the above allocation basis.
A B C Total
Material allocated to A(pounds) 2000 0 3000 5000
Contribution per pound (B) $ 4 $2.8 $7
Total contribution margin (AxB) $8000 $0 $21000 $29,000
Therefore, the total contribution margin is $29,000.
Sturbridge Company manufactures fine furniture and grandfather clocks. Sturbridge has an excellent reputation, and each grandfather clock sells for several thousand dollars. Which of the following should not be treated as direct costs, assuming the cost object is individual clocks?
a. The clock face
b. The timing mechanism for each clock
c. Wood
d. Depreciation on dock-making equipment
Answer:
D)depreciation on clock making equipment
Explanation:
From the question we are informed about Sturbridge Company manufactures who fine furniture and grandfather clocks. Sturbridge has an excellent reputation, and each grandfather clock sells for several thousand dollars. In this case, all the following should be treated as direct costs, assuming the cost object is individual clocks;
✓ The clock face
✓The timing mechanism for each clock
✓Wood
A direct cost can be regarded as price which can be tied directly to manufacture of particular goods or services. Direct and indirect costs can be regarded as two major types of costs that can be incurred by companies. Direct costs are been regarded as variable costs often, i.e this cost could fluctuate as q result of production levels like inventory.
Classify each of the following items as a final good or an intermediate good, and classify the expenditure on each final good as consumption expenditure or investment:
a. Fertilizer bought by a Florida tomato grower.
b. A haircut bought by a student.
c. New cars bought by Hertz comma the car rental firm.
d.. A new bridge across the creek in the Augusta National Golf Club.
Answer:
Classification of Goods
a. Intermediate good; Investment
b. Final Good = Consumption
c. Intermediate good; Investment
d. Intermediate good = Investment
Explanation:
An intermediate good produces a final good for consumption. Intermediate goods are used for investment to generate more resources that can be consumed in the future. A final good, in most cases, does not require further processing. It is consumed immediately by the buyer.
A tremendous flood along the Mississippi River destroys thousands of factories, reducing the nation's capital stock by 5%. What happens to current employment and the real wage rate
Answer:
Both employment and the real wage rate would decrease
Explanation:
Given that the capital stock of a nation or country jas a direct impact on such country in terms of savings and investments which directly translates to additional.economic development.
Hence, in this case, when a tremendous flood along the Mississippi River destroys thousands of factories, reducing the nation's capital stock by 5%. What happens to current employment and the real wage rate is that "Both employment and the real wage rate would decrease"
This because there won't be adequate money available to create more employment. And with lease employment opportunities than the available labor, the real wage rate tends to decrease over time.
On June 30, Collins Management Company purchased land for $640,000 and a building for $960,000, paying $800,000 cash and issuing a 7% note for the balance, secured by a mortgage on the property. The terms of the note provide for 20 semiannual payments of $40,000 on the principal plus the interest accrued from the date of the preceding payment.a. Journalize the entry to record the transaction on June 30. June 30.b. Journalize the entry to record the payment of the first installment on December 31. Dec. 31.c. Journalize the entry to record the payment of the second installment the following June 30. Assume a 360-day year
Answer:
hhd
soon after the following URLS
Future pension liabilities are estimated based on all of the following except a.expected employee compensation levels. b.federal withholding income tax. c.employee life expectancy. d.employee turnover.
Answer:
The answer is B.
Explanation:
The correct option is B. - federal withholding income tax.
Pension liability is the amount of money that a company or government at any level(federal or state) has to account for in order to make future pension payments. It is a future payment that a company or government is obligated to pay its retired employees.
They take into considerations:
1. Their employees turnover
2. Their employees life expectancy
3. Their employees compensation level.
Federal tax level is not the issue because the payment is futuristic and federal tax can change.