The pKa of an acid can be determined through _____ (reduction, titration, filtration) with a strong base.
Gradually increase the volume of the base, stopping _____ (before, as, after) the equivalence point is reached.
The pKa of the acid is equal to the pH at the _____ (equivalence point, midway volume to the equivalence point, maximum volume).

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The pKa of an acid can be determined through titration with a strong base.

Gradually increase the volume of the base, stopping before the equivalence point is reached.

The pKa of the acid is equal to the pH at the midway volume to the equivalence point.

Explanation:

An acid HA dissociates in water as follows:

HA ⇄ H⁺ + A⁻      Ka

So, it produces hydrogen ions (H⁺) and a conjugate base (A⁻). The concentrations of HA, H⁺ and A⁻ at equilibrium determine the constant Ka. The pKa is calculated as:

pKa = -log Ka

The relationship between the pH of the solution and the pKa of the acid is described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log ([A⁻]/[HA])

The pKa can be experimentally determined by acid-base titration, in which a strong base is added to the acid solution. As the base is added, the acid HA is neutralized and the conjugate base A⁻ is formed. Thus, the concentration of the acid ([HA]) increases and the concentration of the conjugate base ([A⁻] decreases. The equivalence point is reached when the total amount of acid is neutralized with the added base. Before reaching the equivalence point, at the halfway point, half of the acid is neutralized and converted into the conjugate base. Thus:

[A-] = [HA] ⇒ log [A-]/[HA] = log 1 = 0 ⇒ pH = pKa

We measure the pH at that point and it is equal to the pKa of the acid.


Related Questions

Which equation expresses the solubility product of Zn3(PO4)2?

a. Ksp = [Zn2+][PO43]

b. Ksp = [Zn2+]3 [PO43]2

c. Ksp = 6[Zn2+][PO43]2

d. Ksp = 108[Zn2+][PO43]2​

Answers

AnSweR : -

b. Ksp = [Zn2+]3 [PO43]2

Hope It Helps You ✌️

3. The electrolyais of water produces oxygen gas at the rate of 32.5 mL/min in a certain experiment.
What volume of oxygen gas can be produced in 7.50 min?

Answers

Answer:

243.75 mL

Explanation:

In 1min 32.5 mL of oxygen

In 7.5 min electrolysis of water produces

(32.5mL × 7.5 min)/ 1min

= 243.75mL

g Write the balanced chemical equation to show the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and an aqueous solution of barium chloride

Answers

Answer:

2AgNO3 + BaCl2 ------> 2AgCl + Ba(NO3) 2.

Explanation:

The precipitate of silver chloride and barium nitrate are formed when barium chloride reacts with silver nitrate. The balanced chemical equation for barium chloride and silver nitrate is  2AgNO3 + BaCl2 ------> 2AgCl + Ba(NO3) 2. In this reaction, two molecules of silver nitrate react with one molecule of  barium chloride forming two molecules of  silver chloride and one molecule of barium nitrate.

Suppose a 48. L reaction vessel is filled with 1.6 mol of Br2 and 1.6 mol of OCl2. What can you say about the composition of the mixture in the vessel at equilibrium

Answers

Answer:

There will be very little of BrOCl BrCl

Explanation:

Based on the equilibrium:

Br2(g) + OCl2(g) ⇄ BrOCl(g) + BrCl(g)

The equilibrium constant, Kc, is:

Kc = 1.58x10⁻⁵ = [BrOCl] [BrCl] / [Br2] [OCl2]

As Kc is <<< 1, in equilibrium, the concentration of products will remain lower regard to the concentration of the reactants. That means, right answer is;

There will be very little of BrOCl BrCl

a. Draw 2,3-dichloro octane.
b. Write the lewis structure for H20 molecule.

Answers

Answer:

a.draw 2,3 dicholoro octane

Explanation:

mag isip ka kung paano hehe

The number of mol of oxygen in 2.5 mol of caffeine

Answers

Answer:

5.0molO

Explanation:

To find the moles of oxygen in 2.5 moles of caffeine, we will first research caffeine's molecular formula: C8H10N4O2. From the molecular formula, we can see there are 2 oxygen atoms in every 1 molecule of C8H10N4O2.We can therefore multiply by the following mole ratio to get the moles of oxygen.

2.5molC8H10N4O2×2molO/1molC8H10N4O2 = 5.0molO.

find out the equivalent weight of Ca(OH)2​

Answers

Answer:

The equivalent weight of calcium hydroxide is 1/2 he mass of a mol of calcium hydroxide. 1 mol Ca(OH)2 = 74 grams Ca(OH)2 ; 1 equivalent Ca(OH)2 = 37 grams Ca(OH)2......

Explanation:

HOPE IT HELPS YOU

All light waves can be described in terms of their speed, frequency, and___

Answers

Answer:

all light waves can be described in terms of their speed, frequency and wavelength

Explanation:

Hope it helps u.....

2. What is the conductivity of lead as compared to silver?
O A. 7
OB. 15
O C. 30
O D. 61

Answers

It would be 30 !!!!!!!!

How many grams of O2 are needed to react with 8.15 g of C2H2?

Answers

Answer:

25.08 grams of O₂ are needed to react with 8.15 g of C₂H₂.

Explanation:

The balanced reaction is:

2 C₂H₂ + 5 O₂ → 4 CO₂ + 2 H₂O

By reaction stoichiometry, the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

C₂H₂: 2 molesO₂: 5 molesCO₂: 4 molesH₂O: 2 moles

The molar mass of each compound is:

C₂H₂: 26 g/moleO₂: 32 g/moleCO₂: 44 g/moleH₂O: 18 g/mole

Then, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

C₂H₂: 2 moles* 26 g/mole= 52 gO₂: 5 moles* 32 g/mole= 160 gCO₂: 4 moles* 44 g/mole= 176 gH₂O: 2 moles* 18 g/mole= 36 g

Then you can apply the following rule of three: if by stoichiometry 52 grams of C₂H₂ react with 160 grams of O₂, 8.15 grams of C₂H₂ react with how much mass of O₂?

[tex]mass of O_{2} =\frac{8.15 grams of C_{2} H_{2}*160 grams of O_{2} }{52 grams of C_{2} H_{2}}[/tex]

mass of O₂= 25.08 grams

25.08 grams of O₂ are needed to react with 8.15 g of C₂H₂.

Calculate the solubility (in mol/L) of Fe(OH)3 (Ksp = 4.0 x 10^-38) in each of the following situations:
(A) Pure water (assume that the pH is 7.0 and remains constant).
(B) A solution buffered at pH = 5.0.
(C) A solution buffered at pH = 11.0.

Answers

Answer:

(A) 1.962x10^-10 M solubility in pure water

(B) 4.0 x 10^-33 M solubility

(C) 4.0 x 10^-27 M solubility

Explanation:

(A) Fe(OH)3 would give (Fe3+) and (3OH-)

Ksp = [Fe^3+][OH-]^3 = 4.0 x 10^-38

Let y = [Fe^3+]

Let 3y = [OH-]

4x10^-38 = (y)(3y)^3

4x10^-38 = 27y^4

y^4 = 4x10^-38 ÷ 27

y^4 = 1.481 x 10^-39

y = 1.962x10^-10 M solubility in pure water

(B) pH = 5.0

5.0 = - log [OH-]

-5.0 = log [OH-]

[OH-] = 10^-5.0 =  1.0 x 10^-5 M

So, Ksp = [Fe^3+][OH-]^3 = 4.0 x 10^-38

[Fe^3+][1.0 x 10^-5] = 4.0 x 10^-38

[Fe^3+] = 4.0 x 10^-38 ÷ 1.0 x 10^-5

= 4.0 x 10^-33 M solubility

(C) pH = 11.0

11.0 = - log [OH-]

-11.0 = log [OH-]

[OH-] = 10^-11.0 =  1.0 x 10^-11 M

So, Ksp = [Fe^3+][OH-]^3 = 4.0 x 10^-38

[Fe^3+][1.0 x 10^-11] = 4.0 x 10^-38

[Fe^3+] = 4.0 x 10^-38 ÷ 1.0 x 10^-11

= 4.0 x 10^-27 M solubility

What is the phase change from solid to gas?
O A. Condensation
O B. Sublimation
O C. Freezing
O D. Vaporization

Answers

Answer:

The answer is B, sublimation.

Answer:

The correct answer

B . Sublimation

what mass of phenol must be dissolved in 25.0 g of naphthalene to produce a solution that is 0.22 m in phenol

Answers

Answer: A mass of 0.518 g of phenol must be dissolved in 25.0 g of naphthalene to produce a solution that is 0.22 m in phenol.

Explanation:

Given: Mass of naphthalene = 25.0 g

Molality = 0.22 m

This means that 0.22 moles of solute is present per kg of solvent.

As 25.0 g  of naphthalene is there that will be 25.0 g per 1000 g (1 kg) is equal to 0.025 kg.

Hence, moles of phenol are calculated as follows.

[tex]Molality = \frac{moles}{mass (in kg)}\\0.22 m = \frac{moles}{0.025 kg}\\moles = 0.0055 mol[/tex]

Also, molar mass of phenol is 94.11 g/mol. This means that 1 mole of phenol contains 94.11 g.

Therefore, mass contained by 0.0055 moles of phenol is as follows.

[tex]0.0055 mol \times 94.11 g/mol \\= 0.518 g[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that a mass of 0.518 g of phenol must be dissolved in 25.0 g of naphthalene to produce a solution that is 0.22 m in phenol.

jawbone root nerve cementum blood vessel gum crown Fill in the blanks. 1. The front four teeth on each jaw are called 2. Each tooth is attached to the jawbone with the help of 3. A healthy tooth is held firmly in the jawbone by the 4. Teeth can get spoilt if they are not kept 5. Germs in the mouth feed on sugar and make​

Answers

Answer:

shduxhheufufffhduduf

Which is NOT an indicator of a chemical change?

Answers

Answer:

The choice that is not an indicator of a chemical change is "State of matter changes". More common than not, chemical reactions produce energy in the form of light or heat. Along with energy, they also produce a new substance called the product that could be in any state of matter (solid, gas, or liquid).

Explanation:

Which one of the following compounds does NOT obey the "octet rule"?

LiF
BF3
H20
CBr4

Answers

Answer:

BF3

Explanation:

The octet rule describes atoms' preference and affinity for having eight (8) electrons in their valence shell. Whenever an atom is encircled by eight(8) electrons, it forms a stable configuration. This octet can be composed of its' own electrons as well as some shared electrons. In the periodic table, only the s-block and p-block electrons are considered for the octet rule.

However, out of the given option, only BF3 does not comply with the octet rule: This is because the Bromine contains 2 lone pairs of electrons and 3 other shared bonded pairs of electrons with Flourine making a total of 10 electrons in the valence shell and which does not conform with the octet rule.

Using the balanced equation for the combustion of ethane: 2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O, how many moles of O2 needed to produce 12 moles of H2O?

Answers

Answer:

14 moles of oxygen needed to produce 12 moles of H2O.

Explanation:

We are given that balance eqaution

[tex]2C_2H_6+7O_2\rightarrow 4CO_2+6H_2O[/tex]

We have to find number of moles of O2 needed  to produce 12 moles of H2O.

From given equation

We can see that

6 moles of   H2O produced by Oxygen =7 moles

1 mole of   H2O produced by Oxygen=[tex]\frac{7}{6}[/tex]moles

12 moles of H2O produced by Oxygen=[tex]\frac{7}{6}\times 12[/tex]moles

12 moles of H2O produced by Oxygen=[tex]7\times 2[/tex]moles

12 moles of H2O produced by Oxygen=14 moles

Hence, 14 moles of oxygen needed to produce 12 moles of H2O.

The amount of oxygen required for the combustion of ethane to produce 12 moles of water is 14 moles.

How are the moles produced in reaction calculated?

The moles of oxygen produced in the reaction can be given from the stoichiometric law of the balanced chemical equation.

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethane is:

[tex]\rm 2\;C_2H_6\;+\;7\;O_2\;\rightarrow\;4\;CO_2\;+\;6\;H_2O[/tex]

The 6 moles of water are produced from 7 moles of oxygen. The moles of oxygen required to produce 12 moles of water are:

[tex]\rm 6\;mol\;H_2O=7\;mol\;Oxygen\\12\;mol\;H_2O=\dfrac{7}{6}\;\times\;12\;mol\;O_2\\ 12\;mol\;H_2O=14\;mol\;O_2[/tex]

The moles of oxygen required to produce 12 moles of water are 14 moles.

Learn more about moles produces, here:

https://brainly.com/question/10606802

The number of periods/series in Mendeleev's Periodic table is
A. 10
B. 13
C. 12
D. 14​

Answers

Answer: The number of series in Mendeleev's Periodic table is 12.

Explanation:

Horizontal rows present in the periodic table are called periods. Vertical rows in the periodic table are called series.

Mendeleev gave periodic table in the year 1869 by arranging elements according to their atomic weights a in tabular form.  

Mendeleev's periodic table depicts 12 periods/series.

Thus, we can conclude that the number of periods/series in Mendeleev's Periodic table is 12.

What mass of steam initially at 120oC is needed to warm 200g of water in a glass container from 20.0 oC to 50.0 oC

Answers

Complete question:

What mass of steam initially at 120 ⁰C is needed to warm 200g of water in a 100 g glass container from 20.0 oC to 50.0 ⁰C

Answer:

the initial mass of the steam is 10.82 g

Explanation:

Given;

mass of water, m₁ = 200 g

mass of the glass, m₂ = 100 g

temperature of the steam = 120 ⁰C

initial temperature of the water, 20⁰ C

final temperature of the water, = 50⁰ C

let the mass of the steam = m

specific heat capacity of water c = 1 cal/g ⁰ C

specific heat capacity of glass c₂ = 0.2 cal/g ⁰ C

laten heat of vaporization of steam L = 540 cal/g

Apply principle of conservation energy;

Heat given off by the steam = Heat absorbed by water + heat absorbed by glass

[tex]mc\Delta T_1 + mL + mc\Delta T_2 = m_1c\Delta T_3 + m_2c_2\Delta T_3\\\\mc\Delta T_1 + mL + mc\Delta T_2 = [m_1c + m_2c_2]\Delta T_3[/tex]

m(1) (120 - 100)  +  m(540)  + m(1) (100 - 50) = [200(1)  +  100(0.2)] (50 - 20)

20m + 540m + 50m = 6600

610 m = 6600

m = 6600 / 610

m = 10.82 g

Therefore, the initial mass of the steam is 10.82 g

Ice and water constitute a system:
A Chemically heterogeneous and physically heterogeneous
B Chemically homogeneous and physically heterogeneous
C Chemically homogeneous and physically homogeneous
D Chemically heterogeneous and physically homogeneous
E None of the above

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

It's the same substance but in different states.

HETEROGENEOUS mixtures contain substances that are

not uniform in composition. The parts in the mixture can be separated by physical means.

An electron in the ground state absorbs a single photon of light and then relaxes back to the ground state by emitting an infrared photon (1200 nm) followed by an orange photon (600 nm). What is the wavelength of the absorbed photon?
A. 400 nm
B. 600 nm
C. 1800 nm

Answers

B. 600 nm would be the wavelength

A balloon contains 0.118 mol of gas and has a volume of 2.58 L . If an additional 0.116 mol of gas is added to the balloon (at the same temperature and pressure), what will its final volume be? Can you also show the work so I can understand why is it that answer. thank you

Answers

Answer:

v2=5.11L

Explanation:

given

v1=2.58L

N1=0.118mol

N2=0.234

v2=x

according to charles law V1/N1=V2/N2

2.58/0.118=V2/0.234

21.86=V2/0.234

21.86×0.234= v2

5.116L=v2

5.116L is the

answer or u can simplify it and make 5.1 L

A chemist measures the energy change
ΔH during the following reaction:
2NH3(g)→N2(g)+3H2(g)
ΔH=160kJUse the information to answer the following questions.This reaction is:__________.
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
Suppose 70.9 g of NH3 react. Will any heat be released or absorbed?
a. Yes, absorbed
b. Yes, released
c. No.
If you said heat will be released or absorbed in the second part of this question, calculate how much heat will be released or absorbed. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.

Answers

Answer:

For (1): The correct option is (a)

For (2): The correct option is (a) and 333.6 kJ of heat will be absorbed when 70.9 g of ammonia reacts.

Explanation:

There are 2 types of reactions that are classified based on enthalpy change:

Endothermic reactions: These are the reactions where heat is absorbed by the reaction. The change in enthalpy of the reaction, [tex]\Delta H_{rxn}[/tex] is positive for these reactions.

Exothermic reactions: These are the reactions where heat is released by the reaction. The change in enthalpy of the reaction, [tex]\Delta H_{rxn}[/tex] is negative for these reactions.

For (1):

For the given chemical reaction:

[tex]2NH_3(g)\rightarrow N_2(g)+3H_2(g);Delta H=160kJ[/tex]

As the change in enthalpy or heat of the reaction is positive. Thus, the reaction is an endothermic reaction because heat is absorbed by the reaction.

For (2):

When ammonia reacts, some amount of heat will be absorbed by the reaction. Thus, we can say the heat will be absorbed.

The number of moles is calculated by using the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ......(1)

Given mass of ammonia = 70.9 g

Molar mass of ammonia = 17 g/mol

Using equation 1:

[tex]\text{Moles of ammonia}=\frac{70.9g}{17g/mol}=4.17mol[/tex]

By stoichiometry of the reaction:

If 2 mole of ammonia reacts, the heat absorbed is 160 kJ

So, if 4.17 moles of ammonia reacts, the heat absorbed will be = [tex]\frac{160kJ}{2mol}\times 4.17mol=333.6kJ[/tex]

Hence, 333.6 kJ of heat will be absorbed when 70.9 g of ammonia reacts

How to calculate the actual volume (ml) of water removed from the burette with water
density 1 g/ml:
i. 5mL of water removed

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The density of pure water is 1 gram per 1 milliliter or one cubic cm. By knowing the density of water we can use it in dilution equations or to calculate the specific gravity of other solutions.

It can also help us determine what other substances are made of using the water displacement experiment. This is done by observing how much water is displaced when an object is submerged in the water. As long as you know the density of the water, the mass of the object being submerged and the volume of increase you can calculate the density of the object.

This was done by the great Archimedes in discovering what composed the kings crown.

There is a type of algae that lives in the cells of corals. These algae process carbon through photosynthesis and pass it on to corals in the form of glucose, a sugar that provides the energy corals need to survive and function. Corals offer protection for the algae and also produce wastes that the algae need for photosynthesis.

Warmer water temperatures caused by global warming disrupt photosynthesis in the algae, causing a poisonous build-up that threatens corals. This causes corals to force the algae out of their cells.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Sample Response: If global warming continues, corals will continue to expel the algae from their cells to avoid poisonous buildup. This will cause corals to die. Without corals, the algae are not protected and cannot perform photosynthesis. This will cause the algae to die as well.

Where do most organisms that live in water get oxygen from?Give a word, not a formula.

Answers

Answer:

Surely with water

Ok, but how?

There are many Hydrogen Bond between H2O moleculs and london bonds. When fishes take water with their gill,they are broke london bonds. And they can take their needs, Oxygen. Only this.

Good luck :D

In a sample of oxygen gas at room temperature, the average kinetic energy of all the balls stays constant. Which postulate of kinetic molecular theory best explains how this is possible?
A. Attractive forces between gas particles are negligible because the particles of an ideal gas are moving so quickly.
B. Collisions between gas particles are elastic; there is no net gain or loss of kinetic energy.
C. Gases consist of a large number of small particles, with a lot of space between the particles.
D. Gas particles are in constant, random motion, and higher kinetic energy means faster movement.

Answers

Answer:

Collisions between gas particles are elastic; there is no net gain or loss of kinetic energy.

Explanation:

When a gas is paced in a container, the molecules of the gas have little or no intermolecular interaction between them. There is a lot of space between the molecules of the gas.

The gas molecules move at very high speed and collide with each other and with the walls of container.

The collision of these particles with each other is perfectly elastic hence the kinetic energy of the colliding gas particles do not change.

How do I solve this?

Answers

Explanation:

a) Since this is a double displacement reaction, we write the balanced equation as

[tex]2AgNO_3(aq) + CaCl_2(aq) \\ \rightarrow 2AgCl(s) + Ca(NO_3)_2(aq)[/tex]

b) Next we find the number of moles of AgNO3 in the solution.

[tex](0.005\:\text{L})(0.500\:M\:AgNO_3) \\ = 0.0025\:\text{mol}\:AgNO_3[/tex]

Next, use the molar ratio to find the necessary amount of CaCl2 to react with the AgNO3:

[tex]0.0025\:\text{mol}\:AgNO_3× \left(\dfrac{1\:\text{mol}\:CaCl_2}{2\:\text{mol}\:AgNO_3} \right)[/tex]

[tex]= 0.00125\:\text{mol}\:CaCl_2[/tex]

The volume of 0.500 M solution of CaCl2 necessary to react all of the given AgNO_3 is then

[tex]V = \dfrac{0.00125\:\text{mol}\:CaCl_2}{0.500\:\text{M}\:CaCl_2}[/tex]

[tex]= 0.0025\:\text{L} = 2.5\:\text{mL}\:CaCl_2[/tex]

c) The theoretical yield can then be calculated as

[tex]0.0025\:\text{mol}\:AgNO_3 × \left(\dfrac{2\:\text{mol}\:AgCl}{2\:\text{mol}\:AgNO_3} \right)[/tex]

[tex]= 0.0025\:\text{mol}\:AgCl[/tex]

Converting this amount of AgCl into grams, we get

[tex]0.0025\:\text{mol}\:AgCl × \left(\dfrac{143.32\:\text{g}\:AgCl}{1\:\text{mol}\:AgCl} \right)[/tex]

[tex]= 0.358\:\text{g}\:AgCl[/tex]

define saturated and unsaturated fats​

Answers

Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds between the individual carbon atoms, while in unsaturated fatty acids there is at least one double bond in the fatty acid chain. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature and from animal sources, while unsaturated fats are usually liquid and from plant sources.

Answer:

hope it is helpful to you

Consider the following chemical equilibrium: Now write an equation below that shows how to calculate from for this reaction at an absolute temperature . You can assume is comfortably above room temperature. If you include any common physical constants in your equation be sure you use their standard symbols, found in the ALEKS Calculator.

Answers

Answer:

Kp=Kc *(RT)+-3

Explanation:

The relation between Kp and Kc is given below:

Where,

Kp is the pressure equilibrium constant

Kc is the molar equilibrium constant

R is gas constant , R = 0.082057 L atm.mol⁻¹K⁻¹

T is the temperature in Kelvins

Δn = (No. of moles of gaseous products)-(No. of moles of gaseous reactants)

For the first equilibrium reaction:

Δn = (0)-(2+1) = -3

Thus, Kp is:

Kp=Kc *(RT)+-3

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