The residual air is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration. The volume of air exchanged during normal breathing is called the tidal volume. After a normal inspiration, the amount of air that can then be inspired forcefully is called the inspiratory reserve volume. The total lung capacity minus the residual volume equals the vital capacity. The vital capacity minus the expiratory reserve volume equals the inspiratory capacity. The effects of obstructive disorders, such as asthma or emphysema, may be determined by measuring rapid exhalation with a spirometer.
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. These lungs are also the site of exchange of gases. The air is inspired through the nostrils and this air then reaches the lungs, where the oxygen from air is trapped in the alveoli. This oxygen then diffuses into the bloodstream through capillaries, which is then sent to the heart. From the heart this oxygenated blood travels to different parts of the body. There are several different units of measurement that are used for the measurement of inspired and expired air and their volume.
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Antelopes and elephants feed on the same species of grasses and shrubs in a savanna and the fitness of each species is reduced when they co-occur. What form of species interaction occurs between the antelopes and elephants
Interspecific competition occurs between antelopes and elephants.
The term "competition" refers to the process that takes place among many species as they fight for the same limited resources in order to maintain their own existence. This struggle over resources occurs among organisms because these species occupy niches that overlap, and as a result, they are compelled to use the same resources like food, water, and shelter.
Competition can be either interspecific or intraspecific. The term "interspecific competition" refers to a type of competition that occurs between various species that live in the same biological area and are dependent on the same source of food.
In the question, both antelopes and elephants feed on the same grass and shrub species. Therefore they compete amongst themselves as a result of which their fitness is reduced.
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Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of?
Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of the loss of body fat as insulation and lack of appropriate weight-loss strategy.
Anorexia nervosa patients (ANs) have significantly lower core temperatures (T-core) compared to healthy controls (HCs). This reduced temperature represents a reset T-core that needs to be maintained.
The development of anorexia nervosa (AN) is attributed to psycho-social causes. Anorexic individuals have night sweats because the low body weight interrupts the body's normal hormonal functions, which may halt ovulation. Excessive exercise and stress can cause similar problems.
It also effects the body if a person with anorexia becomes severely malnourished, every organ in the body can be damaged, including the brain, heart and kidneys. This damage may not be fully reversible, even when the anorexia is under control.
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Which response is not associated with the successful use of a liquid disinfectant for the inactivation of a biohazard
Slow exhaust time setting is the response which is not associated with the successful use of a liquid disinfectant for the inactivation of a biohazard.
What is a Disinfectant?This is referred to a chemical substance which destroys or inactivates microbes on surfaces etc.
Its action is usually very fast and it having a slow response means its use wasn't a successful one as damages may have been done already.
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Which condition is the basis for a species to be reproductively isolated from other members?
It does not share its habitat with related species is the basis for a species to be reproductively isolated from other members.
How can species become reproductively isolated?
The prezygotic and postzygotic barriers maintain species separation. These barriers, which take effect both before and after the development of a zygote, prevent creatures of different species from mating to generate fruitful offspring. These obstacles keep species' reproductive isolation in place.
The toad species Bufo americanus and Bufo fowleri provide an illustration of reproductive isolation brought on by variations in the mating season. In a lab setting, it is possible to successfully cross these species, resulting in wholesome, fertile hybrids. Prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolation are the two basic subcategories. Before a zygote may be formed, prezygotic isolation takes place. Most of the time, mating never even happens. Spatial, behavioral, mechanical, and temporal isolation are all examples of prezygotic isolation.
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When the ______4. _______ muscles relax and the _______5. ______ relaxes and moves back to its dome-like position
Answer:
4. External intercostal, 5. Diaphragm.
Explanation:
Context is needed for a more accurate answer, but based off of the parameters of the provided question, I tried my best to infer the muscles based on the shape (dome-like).
This answer might be correct, as the diaphragm it is said to be "a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually..."
Why are the products of the light reaction of photosynthesis importnant
Answer:
it produces atp and nadph
Explanation:
What type of organisms do marine scientists believe may provide clues to marine viruses?
bacteria
protozoa
algae
microbes
The type of organisms that marine scientists believe may provide clues to marine viruses are bacteria (option A).
What are marine viruses?Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments.
Marine viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
However, marine viruses tend to bacteriophages that infect marine bacteria often than any other host.
Marine viruses are regarded as microbe killers. Once a virus enters a host cell, it identifies it the surface receptors of the host cell and inserts its genetic material and hijacks the machinery inside the cell in order to replicate.
Therefore, the type of organisms that marine scientists believe may provide clues to marine viruses are bacteria.
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what does meteorologist study
Answer:
weather
Explanation:
Check all that are functions of the blood in the body transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells
Answer:
The functions of blood are ;
They carry cells that help fight pathogens .Regulate blood temperatures Prevent blood lose Transport of waste tot he liver and kidney for cleansingExplanation:
Blood carries white blood cells which helps in fighting of pathogens to keep the bod immune from infections .
Blood adjusts to environmental temperatures to keep the body either warm or cold.
When a person gets injures , blood avails platelets to the surface , which in turn hardens to form a clot on the wound hence prevent blood lose .
Shaun has pneumonia. Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes the alveoli to accumulate pus and/or fluid. How does this effect the diffusion of oxygen into the blood
In pneumonia, the accumulation of pus and/or fluid will thicken the respiratory membrane and slow down the diffusion rate. This would decrease the amount of oxygen taken up by the blood.
How does pneumonia affect diffusion in the alveoli?Pneumonia is caused by an infection, and a wide variety of microbes can infect the lungs. Pneumonia is typically brought on by bacteria or viruses, but it can also be brought on by fungus and other organisms. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
In alveoli, blood is given oxygen and carbon dioxide is expelled. Pneumonia causes the alveoli in one or both lungs to swell with fluid and pus (exudate), obstructing normal gas exchange. Consolidation and collapse of the lung is another name for this. Diffusion is the method used for gaseous exchange at the alveoli.
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Select all that apply.
Cells function together to form tissues. The four main types of tissues in animals are _____.
epithelial
blood
connective
muscular
nervous
bone
Cells in animals function together to form tissues. The four main types of tissues in animals are epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. The correct options are 1,3,4, and 5.
In animals, cells come together to form tissues, which are groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions. There are four main types of tissues in animals:
Epithelial Tissue: Epithelial tissue lines internal organs and is similar to the skin that covers the outside of the body. Connective tissue: It binds and stabilises the various bodily components. It consists of organs and tissues like cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.Muscular Tissue: Movement in the body is made possible by muscular tissue. Muscle tissues come in three different varieties: cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and skeletal muscles.Nervous Tissue: The body's ability to communicate depends on its nervous system. It is made up of neurons that send electrical impulses, enabling us to detect and react to our surroundings.Thus, the correct options are 1,3,4, and 5.
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Which is the most anterior cranial nerve?
The most anterior cranial nerve is the terminal nerve (CN 0), a thin nerve passing along the medial side of the olfactory tract.
The terminal nerve, also known as cranial nerve 0 or simply as CN 0, is a nerve that was not included in the seminal classification of the cranial nerves as CN I through CN XII but is now generally classified as a cranial nerve. The nerve terminal is a specialized region of a neuron, separated from the neuronal soma by an axon that can be exceedingly long, whose function is to release neurotransmitter when stimulated by an electrical signal carried by the axon.
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20 points PLEASE HELP! URGENT!!! Filtering relies in part on blood pressure. Your kidneys filter about 180 liters of blood each day. If you have about 5 liters of blood, how many times per day does your blood get filtered? Show your work
Filtering relies in part of blood pressure. Your kidneys filter about 180 litres of blood each day. If you have about 5 litres of blood then it will get filtered 36 times.
Your kidneys are each composed of a million nephrons, that are filtering units. Each nephron includes a filter, termed the glomerulus, and a tubule. The glomerulus filters your bloodstream, and the tubule provides essential elements to your blood while removing waste. This is how the nephrons function.
The pace at which kidneys filter blood is called the glomerular filtration rate. The blood pressure that enters the glomerulus serves as the primary driving force for the filtering procedure, or outward pressure.
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A sequence of dna that codes for a specific, detectable product, such as a protein or rna is called a _________. microtubule gene genetic variation homologous chromosome
A sequence of dna that codes for a specific, detectable product, such as a protein or rna is called a gene and is therefore denoted as option B in this scenario.
What is a Gene?This is referred as the basic unit of hereditary and is usually passed from the parent to the offspring. it also contains information which helps in the coding of certain substances such as protein.
The gene which comprises of DNA which is referred to as deoxyribonucleic acid ensures that certain types of traits are passed to the offspring thereby resulting in genetic variation. This is a function of the type of cell division known as meiosis which gives rise to four unique daughter cells.
This is therefore the reason why gene was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Damage to the prefrontal cortex is most likely to result in?
Answer:
Diminish planning abilities
Body cells that respond to insulin include?
Answer:
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
Explanation:
hope this helps, sorry if it is wrong
Describe the physiological process that occurs from the time the pathogen infects the body to the time the chemical is made.
An inflammatory response begins when a pathogen stimulates an increase in blood flow to the infected area.
Blood vessels in that area expand, and white blood cells leak from the vessels to invade the infected tissue. These white blood cells, called phagocytes engulf and destroy bacteria.
Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function. Our bodies often respond with fever (heat inactivates many viruses), with the secretion of a chemical called interferon (which blocks viruses from reproducing), or by marshaling the immune system's antibodies and other cells to target the invader.
The body reacts to disease-causing bacteria by increasing local blood flow (inflammation) and sending in cells from the immune system to attack and destroy the bacteria.
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Which specific b vitamin is critical for energy metabolism and nerve cell membranes? deficiency in this vitamin leads to beriberi.
Thiamin deficiency in this vitamin leads to beriberi.
ThiaminVitamin B1 (thiamin), often known as thiamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that can be obtained as a dietary supplement or naturally in some foods. The growth and operation of different cells depend heavily on thiamin. There is a daily requirement for thiamin because only trace amounts are kept in the liver. However, it wasn't until the late 19th century that the symptoms of thiamin shortage were linked to nutrition. The symptoms of thiamin deficiency were originally noted in ancient literature of Chinese medicine. Japanese sailors who consumed a restricted diet of just rice for months at sea in 1884 were found to have unusually high rates of disease and mortality, according to a Japanese physician.
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What do having the measles and being vaccinated against the measles have in common?
They are both forms of active immunity.
What is active immunity?When our own immune system defends us against a pathogen, this is known as active immunity. Our immune system develops active immunity when exposed to a potential disease-causing substance (i.e., pathogen). Active immunity is crucial since it not only "fights off" these pathogens but also lasts a very long period in the form of immunologic memory.
B and T lymphocytes with the ability to recognize a particular pathogen make up immunologic memory. These cells circulate at low levels in human bodies, but if they become "activated" by encountering the pathogen while traveling, they rapidly begin to multiply and send signals to other immune system components to do the same. There are two reasons memory cells are important. They first help our immune systems react swiftly. The immune response is prepared the moment the infection is contacted since they are secondly pathogen-specific.
I understand the question you are looking for is this:
What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common?
They are both forms of active immunity.They are both forms of neutral immunity.They are both forms of passive immunity.They are both forms of infection.They are both forms of immune deficiency.Learn more about active immunity here:
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Retrieve your animal tissue specimens. If you have an Edmentum lab kit, your specimens are frog skin, human cardiac (heart) muscle, and human red blood cells. As you did with the protist slide, start with the lowest magnification and record what you see. Identify the structure of the tissue and whether you can see any individual cells and cell structures. Repeat with the next two magnification settings. In the answer space, write down what you observed for each sample under each magnification.
Some of the things observed when a human red blood cell is placed under a microscope are:
They have a donut shapeThey look like biconcave discsThe presence and/or absence of a nucleusWhat is a Microscope?This refers to the lab tool that is used to view very small objects in detail to find out their properties.
Hence, we can see that although your question is incomplete, a general idea of things that can be observed when a human red blood cell is placed under a microscope was discussed.
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For each molecule of glucose that is processed by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of nadh fadh2 molecules produced?
12 is the total number of NADH FADH2 molecules that will be produced.
In each citric acid cycle, one molecule of FADH2 is formed during the conversion of succinic acid to fumaric.
The CAC is called a cycle because the starting molecule, oxaloacetate is regenerated at the end of the cycle.
It is also known as Krebs cycle. This is actually a part of a huge process called cellular respiration. The citric acid cycle captures the energy stored in the chemical bonds of acetyl CoA (processed glucose) in a step-by-step process, trapping it in the form of high-energy intermediate molecules.
NADH:- It is an energy shuttle that delivers high energy electrons to the electron transport chain where they eventually get to power the production of 2 to 3 ATP molecules.
FADH:- This is another energy shuttle that carries high energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they will ultimately drive production of 1 to 2 ATP molecules.
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The theory most likely to compare a family to the human body with its many parts, or to a computer program with its many interrelated components, is __________. Group of answer choices biosocial family systems exchange family ecology
The theory most likely to compare a family to the human body with its many parts, or to a computer program with its many interrelated components, is Correct family systems.
What is the basic family systems theory?The primary focus of family systems theory is on the behavioral exchanges that occur during a specific moment of contact between family members. According to the notion, both problematic and nonproblematic behaviours are created, maintained, and perpetuated through patterns of interaction between family members.
Family interactions, family functions, family features, and the family life cycle make up the four parts of a family system, sometimes known as the "four key aspects" or "family pillars." Family systems theory is derived from the fields of biology and cybernetics going back to the 1940s and 1950s.
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Insufficient iodine will result in the anterior pituitary producing an excess of ______. Multiple choice question.
Insufficient iodine will result in the anterior pituitary producing an excess of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).
Hyperthyroidism: Your thyroid gland will become overactive if a pituitary tumor (adenoma) results in the extremely unusual overproduction of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Your metabolism, cardiac rhythm, and anxiety may all be affected by this disorder, often known as an overactive thyroid.Effect of an excess of thyroid hormone-
When your thyroid gland generates too much of the hormone thyroxine, you get hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Your body's metabolism may speed up as a result of hyperthyroidism, resulting in unexpected weight loss and a swift or erratic heartbeat.What do T3 and T4 do?
T3 and T4 work together to regulate how your body uses energy. These hormones also play an important role in controlling your weight, body temperature, muscle strength, and nervous system.Learn more about TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) brainly.com/question/15968236
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14. The human digestive systems is not very different from frogs but mammals that eat a lot of cellulose (plant material) have specialized organs to aid in digestion. Describe the modifications that help 1) rabbits, 2) goats and 3) camels digest their food.
Rabbits goats and camels have specialized digestive systems that allow them to digest cellulose. these animals are called Ruminants.
Animals that rely on natural resources, such as leaves or wood, must digest cellulose in order to release the cell contents necessary for their nourishment. Cellulase is the name of the enzyme that breaks down cellulose, and it is not generated by the majority of animals.Ruminants are creatures that gnaw on their cud. Unchewed grass is ingested by the rumen and brought back to the mouth for chewing (regurgitation). Goats, sheep, cattle, antelopes, and buffaloes are a few examples. They have a four-chambered stomach that is complicated.Rumen is the main part of the stomach is where food is temporarily kept before being brought back to the mouth for chewing.Anaerobic bacteria that breakdown cellulose are found in the digestive systems of animals like cows.By using anti-peristalsis, the food is brought back to the mouth.After that, the ruminant settles down and quietly chews its cud. When the food is sufficiently chewed it is swallowed and passed into the reticulum.learn more about Ruminants here: https://brainly.com/question/1870093
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When individuals experience fear and pleasure, what part of the brain has been stimulated?
The limbic system of the brain gets stimulated when an individual experiences fear and pleasure.
The limbic system is a part of our brain which is responsible for the regulation of our emotional and behavioral responses, especially the ones we need for our survival. The structures of the limbic system are embedded deep in the brain. The two major structures of the limbic system include the hippocampus and the amygdala. The hippocampus helps us associate emotions and senses with different memories. The amygdala plays a pivotal role in managing our strong emotions like aggression, fear and pleasure. It also helps us in making new memories.
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Use the meanings of the prefixes and suffixes in the table to form words that will match these definitions
Answer:
Zoology: The study of animals
-----> Zoo- = related to animals
-----> -ology = study of
Chlorophyll: a green pigment located in plant leaves necessary for photosynthesis
-----> chloro- = green
-----> -phyll = leaf
Microscope: an instrument used to view small objects
-----> micro- = small
-----> -scope = instrument for viewing
Multicellular: having many cells
-----> multi- = many
-----> -cellular = having to do with cells
Hydrolysis: when a chemical breaks when reacting with water
-----> hydro- = related to water
-----> -lysis = a releasing, loosening, or breaking
Osteopathy: a branch of medicine involving the treatment of diseases through manipulation of the bones, muscles, and/or joints
-----> osteo- = bone
-----> -pathy = suffering, disease
Photosynthesis: the process by which organisms use light to put together food made up of carbon dioxide and water
-----> photo- = light
-----> -synthesis = to put together
Excretion: the process of separating/expelling waste from the body
-----> ex- = out
-----> -cretion = the process of separating
Macrophyte: a plant large enough to be seen by the human eye
-----> macro- = large
-----> -phyte = plant
Biometer: an instrument used to measure evolved carbon dioxide in an effort to detect life
-----> bio- = life
-----> -meter = instrument used to measure
It may be easy for two neighbors to agree to drain a meadow, which they possess in common, to grow crops. However, when the meadow is much larger and reaches thousands of people, the solution is more difficult because
It may be easy for two neighbors to agree to drain a meadow, which they possess in common, to grow crops. However, when the meadow is much larger and reaches thousands of people, the solution is more difficult because of the free rider problem.
What is the free-rider problem:
The free-rider problem arises when people enjoy the benefits of a common resource without making any contributions towards it, resulting in market failure. Market failure refers to when a good or service gets distributed inefficiently in a market.
When only two neighbors share a meadow, they can easily hold each other accountable for draining the meadow on time. However, when the meadow can be accessed by thousands of people, it is difficult to hold one person accountable for draining it. Everyone will want to use the meadow to grow their crops. However, none will be willing to take the responsibility of draining it since they know that if they wait for someone else to drain the meadow, they can benefit from it without having to do any work themselves. As everyone will dodge the responsibility to drain the meadow with the intention of free riding, it is likely that no one will end up draining the meadow.
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Which gestational period is dominated by the development of organs and organ systems?
Which stage of a thunderstorm is associated with the coexistence of updrafts and downdrafts?
a. mature stage
b. cumulus stage
c. dilating stage
d. dissipating stage
e. contracting stage
According to the research, the correct option is a. The mature stage of a thunderstorm is associated with the coexistence of updrafts and downdrafts.
What is a thunderstorm?It is characterized by the coexistence of two or more air masses of different temperatures, which causes instability in the environment that includes strong winds and precipitation.
These originate with the combination of a low pressure center with a high pressure center, resulting in the formation of clouds and the development of winds presenting three stages: cumulus, maturity and dissipation.
During the mature stage, the precipitating droplets create a downdraft and the mixing of the current of updrafts and downdrafts with the drier air of the lower troposphere produces strong evaporative cooling.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the mature stage of a thunderstorm is associated with the coexistence of updrafts and downdrafts.
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As the DNA is unwound to allow replication, torsion builds up which would prevent further movement of the replication fork. What general class of enzyme allows DNA to assume a more relaxed state
Topoisomerase enzyme allows DNA to assume a more relaxed state.
DNA topoisomerases (or topoisomerases) are enzymes that catalyze changes in the topological state of DNA, interconverting relaxed and supercoiled forms, linked (catenated) and unlinked species, and knotted and unknotted DNA. This enzyme prevents the DNA double helix in front of the replication fork from winding up too tightly as the DNA unwinds
DNA topoisomerases unravel the twists in DNA that occur as a result of DNA transcription and replication. DNA topoisomerases I and II present in cells cleaves the DNA backbone on one or two strands, and it releases the torsional stress and then displacement of the broken DNA backbone.
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