With the purpose of establishing generally agreed definitions for stratigraphic units, the GSSP (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) concept was first proposed in 1977.
According to changes in the rock record and fossil assemblages, the GSSP specifically defines certain locations in a geological sequence that serve as reference markers for determining the beginning and end of geological time periods, such as epochs and stages. Geologists need these reference points in order to analyse and connect rock sequences from various parts of the globe and to provide a uniform framework for geological time scales.
The GSSP idea was initially put forward in 1977 to establish definitions for stratigraphic units that are universally recognised and approved and are based on changes in the rock record and fossil assemblages. The GSSP is crucial for comparing rock sequences across different parts of the world and for creating a uniform framework for geological time scales because it acts as a reference point for the beginning and end of geological time periods, such as epochs and stages.
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define the term agriculture
Answer:
agriculture is a process where farmers culture different types of seeds and grow vegetables, not only that they also raises livestock for livelihood
examine the link between climate change and development
Answer:
Examine the link between climate change and development
Explanation:
Climate change and development are closely linked as climate change can have significant impacts on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of a country's development. Climate change can cause environmental degradation, water scarcity, food insecurity, and natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and storms, which can impact economic growth, poverty reduction efforts, and public health.
Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to their limited resources, low levels of infrastructure, and lack of technological capabilities. Climate change can also exacerbate existing inequalities and widen the development gap between developed and developing countries.
On the other hand, sustainable development can play a significant role in mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Sustainable development practices such as renewable energy, resource efficiency, and sustainable agriculture can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase climate resilience, and promote economic growth and poverty reduction.
International cooperation and policy frameworks such as the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recognize the link between climate change and development and call for integrated approaches to address both issues. The SDGs aim to promote sustainable development and address climate change by calling for actions to reduce poverty, promote economic growth, and protect the environment.
Why is geography the mother of all disciplines?
*Answer:
Geography is often called "the mother of all disciplines" or "the mother of all scientists". Why is this called that? Geography is one of the earliest disciplines that dates back to the time of the Homo-sapiens. The Homo-sapiens migrated far out of Africa, to Europe and many other countries.
*Please do not copy
The climate condition of Dukem
Dukem is a town located in Ethiopia and experiences a tropical savanna climate.
How does the Dukem climate characterized by ?The climate in Dukem is characterized by hot and dry conditions during most of the year, with a short rainy season from June to September. Temperatures in Dukem typically range from around 15°C to 30°C, with the hottest months being March to May. The town is located at an altitude of around 1900 meters above sea level, which helps to moderate the temperature somewhat. However, the low rainfall levels and dry conditions during much of the year can lead to droughts and water shortages in the region, which can have significant impacts on agriculture and local communities.
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You have observed that there are variations in your environment in relation to natural, cultural or social.
Example, all vegetations are not of the same variety. Can you argue that geography is not about differentiation or variation?
Geography does not focus on the variations or differentiations that exist in society, but on the interactions that exist between beings and the environment.
What is geography?Geography is a term that refers to a science that studies the interaction of beings with the environment through time. In general, we can analyze these interactions and how they influence other events and the development of the future.
The land is characterized by its variations in vegetation, communities and cultures, however, geography does not focus on these differentiations but on analyzing the interactions between them.
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which of the following must be true if we are to infer (calculate) a star's luminosity directly from the inverse square law for light?
Option D, All of these must be true if we are to infer (calculate) a star's luminosity directly from the inverse square law for light.
The inverse square law for light states that the intensity of light decreases with the square of the distance from the source.
Therefore, to calculate a star's luminosity which is the total energy emitted per unit of time, we need to know both the star's apparent brightness which is the point received per unit of time per unit area, and its distance.
Additionally, the calculation assumes that there is no absorption or scattering of light by interstellar gas or dust between us and the star, as this would affect the amount of energy we receive and therefore the apparent brightness.
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Which of the following must be true if we are to infer (calculate) a star's luminosity directly from the inverse square law for light?
a. We have measured the star's apparent brightness.
b. We have measured the star's distance.
c. No interstellar gas or dust absorbs or scatters light between us and the star.
d. All of these.
Please choose the correct answer.a) For a given mass of water vapor in an air parcel, the specific humidity changes as the parcel volume changes.b) For a given mass of water vapor in an air parcel, the absolute humidity changes as the parcel volume changes.
Option a) is the correct answer. For a given mass of water vapor in an air parcel, the specific humidity changes as the parcel volume changes.
Specific humidity is defined as the mass of water vapor present in a given mass of moist air, while absolute humidity is defined as the mass of water vapor present in a unit volume of moist air. When the volume of an air parcel changes, the mass of water vapor remains constant, but the specific humidity changes because the total mass of moist air has changed. Absolute humidity, on the other hand, is dependent on the volume of the air parcel and will change as the volume changes. Therefore, option a) correctly describes the relationship between specific humidity and parcel volume for a given mass of water vapor in an air parcel.
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People who speak the same language, but pronounce words differently and prefer some different terms and expressions are said to ______.
Individuals are considered to have a dialect if they use the same words but pronounce them differently and favour various terminology and idioms.
The term "dialect" refers to regional, social, or ethnic variances in a language's pronunciation, lexicon, grammar, and syntax.
Dialects can differ between nations or regions and even within the same nation or region. The cultural and socioeconomic variety of the people who use them is reflected in dialects, which are a natural outcome of language evolution.These are linguistic variants that arise as a result of the diverse regional, social, and ethnic backgrounds of speakers. These variants might differ in syntax, grammar, pronunciation, and lexicon. The cultural and socioeconomic variety of the people who use them is reflected in dialects, which are a natural outcome of language evolution. Effective communication requires an understanding of dialects because it allows people to recognise and value others from various language and cultural origins.
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which of the following contributed to population migration from the yellow river basin south to the yangzi river?
There were several factors that contributed to population migration from the Yellow River Basin south to the Yangtze River, including:
1- Natural disasters: The Yellow River Basin was prone to frequent flooding, which caused damage to crops and homes, and led to food shortages. These natural disasters forced people to migrate to areas with more stable climates and fewer natural disasters, such as the Yangtze River Basin.
2- Political instability: The Yellow River Basin was often the site of political turmoil and conflicts, such as wars and rebellions. These conflicts created an unstable living environment and forced people to seek refuge in more peaceful areas, such as the Yangtze River Basin.
3- Economic opportunities: The Yangtze River Basin was known for its fertile land, abundant natural resources, and favorable climate, which made it a desirable place for agriculture and other economic activities. People migrated to this region in search of better economic opportunities and a higher standard of living.
Overall, a combination of natural disasters, political instability, and economic opportunities led to population migration from the Yellow River Basin south to the Yangtze River Basin.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. When a cold front approaches, air pressure will initially ________ due to the displacement and uplift of ________ air. Group of answer choices increase; cold increase; warm decrease; warm decrease; cold
When a cold front approaches, air pressure will initially decrease due to the displacement and uplift of cold air. Cold fronts are associated with a mass of cold air that moves forward and pushes the warmer air up and away. The correct option is D.
As the cold air pushes forward, it is heavier and denser than the warmer air in its path, causing a decrease in air pressure. The lower air pressure allows the cold air to lift the warmer air up and away, forcing it to cool and condense into clouds.
This decrease in air pressure results in the formation of cumulonimbus clouds and thunderstorms associated with the cold front. The temperature also drops significantly with the arrival of a cold front, as the cold air pushes out the warmer air. The correct option is D.
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correctly complete these sentences using the words provided magma can partially crystallize at depth and then rise to shallow
Magma can partially crystallize at depth and then rise to shallow depths where the remaining magma solidifies. The early-formed crystals are phenocrysts and the texture is porphyritic.
What is Magma?
All igneous rocks are created from magma, which is a naturally occurring substance that is molten or semi-molten. The Earth has magma beneath its surface, and other terrestrial planets and some naturally occurring satellites have also been proven to have magmatic activity.
Lava is the term for magma that flows onto the top of the Earth.
Silicate magmas are classified into four chemical types based on their silica content: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic. This is done because it has been found that many characteristics of a magma (such as its viscosity and temperature) correlate with silica content.
Mantle rock melting causes magma to develop. The rocks begin to melt a little amount as they rise (or as water is added to them).
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which of the following areas is characterized by rain throughout the year and is associated with tropical rain forests?
The equatorial region is distinguished by year-round precipitation and is linked to tropical rainforests. This area, which lies close to the equator, is home to nations like Brazil, the Congo, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
This area has a hot, humid climate with heavy rainfall and minimal seasonal temperature fluctuation. A diversity of plant and animal species may be found in the deep, lush woods that are supported by the ongoing rains.It is true that the equatorial area is known for its year-round rain and tropical rainforests. Due to its proximity to the equator and hot, humid environment, this area receives a lot of rain, which encourages the development of dense forests. The equatorial region is home to several nations, including Brazil, Congo, Indonesia, and Malaysia, that include substantial tracts of tropical rainforest.
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Which area is associated with tropical rainforests and characterized by year-round rain: A) Arctic Circle B) Sahara Desert C) Amazon Basin
_____: process by which beings keep track of their position within an environment when they move question mark
Ability to remain conscious of one's position and orientation with reference to the immediate environment, whether one is moving or still.
The capacity of an organism to understand its physical location and direction in relation to its surroundings is known as spatial orientation. This entails the fusion of diverse cognitive processes like memory and attention with sensory inputs including vision, proprioception, and vestibular sensation. For navigation, spatial learning, and motor control, spatial orientation is crucial. When one's spatial orientation is impaired, it might be challenging to drive, walk, or even just find your way about in a strange environment.
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which of the following properties must be measured to determine the masses of stars in a typical binary system?
The parameters that must be measured to estimate the masses of stars in a typical binary system are the orbital period and the semi-major axis of the binary system.
The two stars in a normal binary system revolve around their shared mass. The time of this orbit and the distance between the stars, known as the semi-major axis, are directly connected to the masses of the stars. Astronomers may calculate the masses of the stars by tracking their motion, estimating their semi-major axis and orbital period, and using other methods such as Kepler's equations. Although it is not essential to estimate the masses of the stars in a binary system, additional characteristics like brightness and spectral type can reveal further details about the stars.
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What properties must be measured to determine the masses of stars in a typical binary system?
texas ranked 39th in state government intergrity according to the center of public integrity with the lowest scores being in which areas
According to the Center for Public Integrity, Texas ranked 39th in state government integrity, with the lowest scores being in the areas of public access to information, accountability, and ethics.
The Center for Public Integrity (CPI) is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. that conducts investigative journalism related to issues of public interest.
The CPI's stated goal is to reveal abuses of power, corruption, and betrayal of the public trust by powerful public and private institutions in order to provide information to the public for informed decision-making.
As a result, Texas' state government is ranked 39th, with the areas of public access to information, accountability, and ethics receiving the lowest marks.
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What is the origin of smooth troughs cutting across the landscape in the Great Lakes area? Glaciers carved out the smooth troughs.
Answer:
Yes, glaciers are responsible for the origin of smooth troughs cutting across the landscape in the Great Lakes area.
During the last Ice Age, which ended around 10,000 years ago, the Great Lakes region was covered by a massive ice sheet. As the glacier advanced, it scoured the landscape, picking up rocks and soil and grinding them against bedrock. This process of erosion created deep troughs in the bedrock, which were then filled with water as the glaciers melted.
These troughs, known as glacial troughs or U-shaped valleys, are characterized by a wide, flat bottom and steep sides. They often contain lakes or rivers, such as the Great Lakes themselves, which were formed by the melting of the glaciers. The movement of the glacier also created other glacial features such as moraines, drumlins, and eskers, which are common in the Great Lakes area.
Explanation:
above
All of the following would offer clues about an area's religion EXCEPT
A. clothing
B. architecture
C. type of government
D. literature
E. common occupation
Answer: C.
Explanation:
C. type of government would not offer clues about an area's religion. The other options may offer clues about an area's religion. For example, clothing can indicate religious practices, architecture can reveal the style of religious buildings and places of worship, literature can reflect the religious beliefs and values of the people, and common occupation can reveal whether certain occupations are influenced by religious practices or beliefs.
which of the following contributed to increased agricultural productivity during both the spring and autumn and the warring states periods in china?The incessant warfare of the Spring and Autumn period spurred economic growth. Agricultural productivity increased as rulers gave peasants the right to their land in exchange for taxes and military service. In addition, crop rotation and use of the iron plowshares improved productivity.
During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in China, crop rotation, the adoption of iron plowshares.
the grant of land rights to peasants in exchange for taxes and military service all helped to boost agricultural production. A number of causes led to a rise in agricultural output in China during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. As a result of the ongoing conflict and the resulting economic expansion, peasants were given land rights in exchange for paying taxes and serving in the military. Farmers were encouraged to increase productivity as a result. In order to increase yields, crop rotation methods and iron ploughshares were also used, which made it simpler to cultivate the soil. These elements worked together to boost agricultural productivity, which in turn supported the period's expanding population and military demands.
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Graph a right triangle with the two points forming the hypotenuse. Using the sides,
find the distance between the two points in simplest radical form.
(5-9) and (-2,-5)
Answer:
First, let's graph the points (-5,9) and (-2,-5).
The hypotenuse is the line segment connecting these two points.
Using the Pythagorean theorem, we can find the length of the hypotenuse.
a² + b² = c²
Where a and b are the lengths of the legs and c is the length of the hypotenuse.
We can label the coordinates of the two points as follows:
A = (-5,9)
B = (-2,-5)
Using the distance formula, we can find the lengths of the legs:
AB = √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]
AB = √[(-2 - (-5))² + (-5 - 9)²]
AB = √[3² + (-14)²]
AB = √(9 + 196)
AB = √205
Therefore, the distance between the two points (-5,9) and (-2,-5) is √205.
fill in the blank. A summer berm is formed by gentle waves in spring and summer, whereas a(n) ____, or storm berm is formed higher up on the beach by strong storm waves.
A summer berm is formed by gentle waves in spring and summer, whereas a storm berm, or storm ridge, is formed higher up on the beach by strong storm waves.
Storm berms are created by high-energy events, such as tropical storms, hurricanes, or nor'easters, that generate powerful waves and surges capable of moving large amounts of sediment. These waves often reach higher up the beach, depositing sediment and creating a higher, more prominent berm. Storm berms are usually found above the summer berm and are often larger and more pronounced. Understanding the formation and characteristics of both summer and storm berms is important for predicting coastal changes and developing effective coastal management strategies.
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Find out about soil sampling. Other methods that can be used and their advantages
What are methods used in sampling?
Answer:
Methods for collecting soil samples
Push probes, hammer probes, and bucket augers (Figure 1) are commonly used because they are capable of taking uniform samples with depth. Figure 1. Examples of soil sampling equipment: a soil push probe, hammer probe, and bucket auger. Along with a probe, a clean plastic bucket should be used.
Rerouting, widening, deepening, and lining are methods used for , ______which is done to increase the velocity of water flow through a channel.
Rerouting, widening, deepening, and lining are methods used for channelization, which is done to increase the velocity of water flow through a channel.
Channelization involves altering the natural course of a stream or river to reduce flooding or erosion, and to facilitate irrigation or navigation. Rerouting involves diverting the watercourse to a new channel, while widening, deepening, and lining are methods used to modify the existing channel. Widening increases the channel width, while deepening involves excavating the channel bed to increase its depth. Lining involves reinforcing the channel banks with concrete or other materials to prevent erosion and maintain a stable channel cross-section. These methods can increase the velocity of water flow through the channel, but can also have negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystem and surrounding land.
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In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, outline the negative impact of these forms of precipitation (radiation fog or frost) on humans.
Answer:
Radiation fog and frost can cause negative impacts on human health and safety by reducing visibility, creating hazardous driving conditions, and increasing the risk of accidents. The low temperatures associated with these phenomena can also lead to cold-related illnesses, while air quality can be affected, exacerbating respiratory conditions. Crop damage due to radiation fog and frost can also result in economic losses and potential food shortages.
Explanation:
Radiation fog and frost can have negative impacts on humans, particularly in terms of visibility and transportation safety. When radiation fog occurs, it can reduce visibility to less than 1 kilometer, leading to hazardous driving conditions and increased risk of accidents. Additionally, radiation frost can create slippery road conditions, increasing the likelihood of falls and injuries. The low temperatures associated with radiation fog and frost can also be dangerous for people who are not dressed appropriately, leading to hypothermia and other cold-related illnesses. The formation of radiation fog and frost can also affect air quality, leading to increased levels of pollution that can exacerbate respiratory conditions. Finally, radiation fog and frost can damage crops, resulting in economic losses for farmers and potentially leading to food shortages.
how is the mesosphere formed
Answer:
Explanation:
The mesosphere is the layer of Earth's atmosphere that lies between the stratosphere and the thermosphere, at an altitude of approximately 50-85 kilometres (31-53 miles) above the Earth's surface. The mesosphere is characterized by extremely low air pressure and temperatures that can reach as low as -100°C (-148°F).
The mesosphere is formed through a combination of processes, including the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, the cooling effect of the atmosphere as it rises to higher altitudes, and the mixing of gases from the lower atmosphere.
One of the key factors that contribute to the formation of the mesosphere is the absorption of UV radiation by ozone in the stratosphere. This process releases heat, which causes the air in the stratosphere to warm and rise. As this air rises, it cools and expands, causing it to sink back down towards the Earth's surface. This sinking air creates a region of high pressure that separates the stratosphere from the mesosphere.
Another factor that contributes to the formation of the mesosphere is the cooling effect of the atmosphere as it rises to higher altitudes. As air rises, it expands and cools due to the decrease in air pressure. This cooling effect is particularly strong in the upper atmosphere, where the air is very thin.
Finally, gases from the lower atmosphere are also mixed into the mesosphere through a process called diffusion. This process is driven by the random motion of gas molecules, which causes them to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Together, these processes create the mesosphere, which is an important layer of Earth's atmosphere that plays a critical role in regulating the planet's climate and weather patterns.
A circle with center O (5, 5) contains the point A(11, 13).
Answer:
Explanation:
What is the radius of the circle?
The radius of the circle can be calculated using the distance formula, which states that the distance between two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is equal to the square root of (x2 - x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2. In this case, the radius of the circle is equal to the distance between the center O (5, 5) and the point A (11, 13), which is equal to √(11-5)^2 + (13-5)^2 = 8.
the following term describes a tax paid when purchases are made on a specific good, such as gasoline:
The term that describes a tax paid when purchases are made on a specific good, such as gasoline, is called an excise tax.
Excise taxes are a type of indirect tax that is levied on specific goods, rather than on income or property. They are typically included in the price of the goods and are paid by the consumer at the time of purchase. Excise taxes are often used to raise the revenue for specific government programs, such as highway construction and maintenance, or to discourage the consumption of certain goods that are considered harmful, such as tobacco and alcohol.
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How does economic development affect diffusion?
Answer:
Economic development results in higher levels of education, greater employment opportunities, and higher income levels. Communities are strengthened with economic development because increasing numbers of jobs result in higher income levels.
Answer:
Economic development can have a significant impact on the diffusion of innovations, ideas, and technologies within a society or across different societies. Here are some ways in which economic development can affect diffusion:
Availability of resources: Economic development can increase the availability of resources such as capital, technology, and human resources that are needed to develop and adopt new innovations. With more resources, societies can invest in research and development, create better infrastructure for communication and transportation, and promote education and training to support the adoption and diffusion of innovations.
Market demand: Economic development can also create greater demand for new technologies and innovations, especially in emerging markets that are growing rapidly. This can drive companies and entrepreneurs to invest in the development and dissemination of new products and services that are tailored to the needs of these markets.
Cultural factors: Economic development can also impact the cultural factors that influence the diffusion of innovations. For example, societies with high levels of economic development may have more open and diverse cultures that are more receptive to new ideas and technologies. They may also have more established networks of communication and exchange that facilitate the spread of innovations.
Policy and regulation: Economic development can also lead to changes in policy and regulation that can either facilitate or hinder the diffusion of innovations. For example, policies that promote innovation and entrepreneurship, or that provide funding and support for research and development, can help to accelerate the adoption and diffusion of new technologies.
Overall, economic development can create the conditions that support the adoption and diffusion of new innovations, by increasing resources, creating demand, shaping cultural factors, and driving policy and regulation.
What physical property would have made a mineral appropriate for use as an old-time window covering before glass was widely available? FEEDBACK: To be used as a window pane, a mineral needs to be split into thin, large layers. Soft, brittle layers would not be appropriate for window panes.
The mineral needs to be easily split into thin, large layers to be used as an old-time window covering before glass was widely available.
Until glass became commonly available, window coverings made of minerals like mica, calcite, and talc were common. The mineral had to be physically capable of easily splitting into broad, thin layers. Due to this characteristic, the material could be formed into a flat sheet that was both somewhat insulating and transparent enough to let light through. Minerals with brittle, fragile layers would not be suitable since they would shatter rapidly and could not resist environmental conditions or the strain of constant use. For producing an ancient window covering, a mineral with the ability to be easily split into thin, large layers was necessary.
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12. in which direction did trade routes run from tenochtitlan? (make sure to read all parts of the map!)
Trade routes from Tenochtitlan ran in multiple directions, including south to Central America and north to the Gulf of Mexico. The map shows various trade routes branching out from the city.
The Aztec Empire, which is now part of Mexico, had Tenochtitlan as its capital city. The settlement was strategically located on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco, serving as a crossroads for commerce routes in the area. The map depicts numerous trade routes that left Tenochtitlan, including ones that headed north to the Gulf of Mexico and south to Central America. East-west trade routes also connected Tenochtitlan with other towns in the area. Food, clothing, and precious metals were just a few of the many items the Aztecs traded, and their trading networks were a vital part of their economy.
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What was the direction of trade routes from Tenochtitlan according to the map?
true/false. Lava domes form when high-viscosity magma with low-volatile content cools quickly, forming a hardened dome a few meters to a kilometer or so in height.
False. When low-viscosity magma with a high volatile content cools slowly, it builds up into dome-shaped structures that can grow to heights of several kilometers.
Lava domes are made of viscous magma that is difficult to move and frequently contains significant volumes of gas and volatile substances like water vapour. When a volcano erupts, this magma cools and hardens on the surface, forming a dome shape while more magma continues to flow out and accumulate. The dome-shaped structure is a result of the magma's inability to travel far from the vent due to its extreme viscosity. Lava domes are frequently found in stratovolcanoes and are typically connected to violent eruptions.
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