Obligate upright walking is the earliest clearly identifiable human characteristic to have evolved as shown in the fossil record.
What human characteristic initially emerged?Bipedalism, or the capacity to walk on two legs, originated more than 4 million years ago and is one of the fundamental characteristics that define humans. Other crucial human traits, like a large and complex brain, the capacity for language, and the ability to create and use tools, have just lately emerged.
What kind of animal was the first to walk upright?Homo erectus was the first species to have truly walked upright, despite the fact that bipedalism originated much earlier. It was also the first species to show a move towards human characteristics, earning it the nickname "the handy man" for its aptitude with tools.
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The use of what modern technology has cause the rise in resistant bacteria
vaccines
antibiotics
fertilizers
solar panels
Infections caused by bacteria and viruses share many characteristics. Microbes are the primary cause of both kinds of illnesses.
How do microorganisms work?Proteins and vitamins that human genes are unable to create are produced by them. In addition to helping the immune system battle infections and disorders throughout the body, they stop the formation of dangerous skin bacteria.
An illness is what?Infectious diseases include the flu, hepatitis, HIV, strep throat, COVID-19, and salmonella. Examples of hemorrhagic fever diseases include cancer, insulin, congestive heart failure, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Scientists are testing the effect of different scrubber technologies on the removal of pollutants from coal power plants. The scrubbers use a slurry of limestone and water.
The effectiveness of various scrubber devices in removing pollutants from coal-fired power plants is being studied by scientists. The scrubbers work with sludge.
What exactly is power?Horse (hp), which is roughly equivalent to 745.7 watts, is a unit of measurement sometimes used to describe the power of motorized vehicles as well as other devices. Keep in mind that current is the pace at which electric fields pass through a conductor, whereas voltage is the particular effort (or energy stored) per unit charge.
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What molecules make up chromosomes?
In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like arrangements called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled multiple times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
Chromosomes are not observable in the cell's nucleus - not even under a microscope - when the cell is not dividing. Nevertheless, the DNA that makes up chromosomes comes to be more tightly packed during cell division and is then observable under a microscope. Largely of what researchers know about chromosomes was understood by observing chromosomes during cell division. Each chromosome has a constriction point named the centromere, which splits the chromosomes into two divisions, or arms.
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suppose you are analyzing a newly discovered unicellular organism to determine whether it should be classified as a prokaryote or eukaryote. which approach should you take? 1. Stain to determine if the organism had a cell wall2. Stain to determine if the organism had cytoplasmic ribosomes3 Stain to determine if there were distinct regions within the organism4. Stain to determine where phospholipids were present in the organism
The primary distinction between these two categories of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus while prokaryotic cells have not. The nuclei of eukaryotes house their genetic material.
If you found a newly discovered species, how would you determine whether its cells were prokaryotic or eukaryotic?Organelles attached to membranes are absent in prokaryotic cells but present in eukaryotic cells (including the nucleus and mitochondria). DNA in prokaryotic cells is present in the cytoplasm, whereas it can be found inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
How can the prokaryotic or eukaryotic status of a cell under the microscope be determined?A cell's eukaryotic or prokaryotic status can be determined by looking at it under a microscope since eukaryotic cells.
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QuestionThe best way to identify a cell as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic is to determine whetherAwhether the nucleus is true nucleus or not true nucleusBit has a nucleusCit has a plasma membraneDit has cytosolMedium
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells do (including the nucleus and mitochondria). DNA is found in eukaryotic cells' nuclei.
How can a scientist tell whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?Based on the internal structure of the cell, a prokaryote and a eukaryote can easily be distinguished from one another. Prokaryotes lack a distinct nucleus, whereas eukaryotes have. Additionally, prokaryotes lack numerous specialised organelles such the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria.
What standards should be used to distinguish between prokaryotic and non-prokaryotic cells?Examining the cell structure under a microscope is the criterion for identifying whether cells are from prokaryotes, plants, or animals. Prokaryotes are organisms without a proper nucleus.
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What is responsible for gene expression in eukaryotes?
Numerous factors, including as gene loss, amplification, and rearrangement, affect how eukaryotes express their genes. Differentially transcribed genes have varied uses for their RNA transcripts. Multiple gene families control the frequency, variety, and timing of gene expression.
Gene expression is the process through which a gene's information is used to create a functioning gene product, allowing it to produce end products like proteins or non-coding RNA and eventually have an impact on phenotypes. However, in non-protein-coding genes like transfer RNA (tRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the end result is a functional non-coding RNA instead of a protein.
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a student completes a pet experiment using chloroplasts from leaves lacking pigments that absorb in the 550 nm to 600 nm wavelength range. which color of light should they avoid in their experiment if they want to measure activity at different wavelengths?
a. Blue
b. Orange
c. Yellow
d. Red
e. violet
The learner should refrain from utilizing yellow light, because it has a wavelength of about 550–580 nm and won't be received at all since it lacks the pigment needed to do so.
What is the purpose of a chloroplast?Plant development and crop productivity are supported by the energy that chloroplasts create through sunshine and oxygen-release mechanisms. Therefore, chloroplasts are in charge of producing active substances such essential nutrients, auxin, nucleotides, enzymes, lipids, and natural compounds.
Simple definition of chloroplast?Chloroplasts, an organelle present in plant cells, convert sunlight into surprisingly strong carbon - carbon energy through the photosynthetic process. They do this to keep life on Earth going. Chloroplasts support several metabolic activities in plant cells, including the synthesis of biological membranes and unsaturated fats.
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Refer to this diagram.
Which structure acts as a clamp to hold the mRNA in place?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Structure 1 is a ribosome, that acts as a clamp to hold the mRNA in place. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is a ribosome?The biological machinery that produces proteins is known as a ribosome. Each cell contains several ribosomes, which are each composed of two subunits.
These two subunits form a tight seal around the messenger RNA molecule before moving down its length and reading each three-letter codon. They are formed inside the nucleolus in the nucleus.
Thus, structure 1 in the diagram is a ribosome, that acts as a clamp to hold the mRNA in place. Therefore, option A is correct.
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what is the meaning of cardinal movements labor
Cardinal movements of labor refer to the series of movements that a baby goes through during the process of childbirth.
These movements help the baby navigate through the birth canal and ultimately be delivered safely. There are seven cardinal movements of labor, which include engagement, descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, and expulsion.
Engagement occurs when the baby's head enters the mother's pelvis, while descent refers to the baby moving down through the birth canal. Flexion occurs when the baby tucks its chin to its chest, allowing its head to fit through the pelvis.
Internal rotation happens when the baby's head rotates to align with the mother's pelvis. Extension occurs when the baby's head passes through the vagina, followed by external rotation where the baby's head returns to its original position. Finally, expulsion happens when the baby is fully delivered.
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a change in the body that occurs as a result of exercise training is known as
Answer:
Adaptation occurs when you do new exercises or load your body in a different way, your body reacts by increasing its ability to cope with that new load.
the compact arrangement of dna and proteins is called the
The compact arrangement of DNA and proteins is called chromatin.
Chromatin is a complex of DNA, histone proteins, and other proteins that make up the chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. It is the structural basis for the organization of genetic material within the cell nucleus.
Chromatin is responsible for packaging the long, linear DNA molecules into a more compact and organized structure, allowing it to fit within the cell nucleus. It is involved in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA repair.
Chromatin can exist in different states of compaction, ranging from the loosely packed euchromatin, which is more accessible to the cellular machinery involved in gene expression, to the tightly packed heterochromatin, which is generally transcriptionally inactive. The level of compaction of chromatin is regulated by various epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, which can influence the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins.
Overall, the compact arrangement of DNA and proteins is called the chromatin
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All of the following are true of epidermal ridges, except that they? * interconnect with the dermal papillae* cause ridge patterns on the surface skin* produce patterns that are genetically determined* extend to the dermis* contain increased numbers of free nerve endings
All of the following statements are true about epidermal ridges, except that they "extend to the dermis."
What are epidermal ridges?Epidermal ridges are raised areas of the skin that create patterns on the surface of the fingers, palms, and soles of the feet.
These ridges form interconnected loops with the dermal papillae, which are the small, nipple-like projections of the dermis. The patterns produced by epidermal ridges are genetically determined and unique to each individual, making them useful for fingerprint identification.
Also, epidermal ridges contain increased numbers of free nerve endings, making the skin in these areas more sensitive to touch. However, epidermal ridges do not extend into the dermis; they are only present in the outermost layer of skin, the epidermis.
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Many bacterial cell structures act as virulence factors. Virulence factors are characteristics of an organism that enhance its ability to cause disease. Predict which cellular structure(s) may act as a virulence factor.
- S-layer
- mycolic acid
- fimria
- LPS
- pili
- capsule
Since it enables bacterial cells to evade lung phagocytes, the capsule is a pathogen's most crucial determinant of virulence.
Factors Affecting Adherence: Many pathogenic bacteria attach to cells via their pili (fimbriae) in order to colonise mucosal locations. Elements of Virulence that Encourage Colonization: The capacity to connect host cells and spread inside a host by using motility and other methods. The capacity to cling to host tissues and withstand removal physically a capacity to enter host cells. The capacity to compete for nutrients like iron. A gram-positive infection called Streptococcus pneumonia (S. pneumoniae) is the main contributor to bacterial encephalopathy in the undeveloped nations.
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explain the differences of antigenic shift vs drift
Antigenic drift refers to the gradual accumulation of small mutations in the genes that code for the surface proteins of a virus. Antigenic drift is a slow process and can occur in all influenza viruses over time.
Antigenic shift and antigenic drift are two mechanisms by which viruses, particularly influenza viruses, can evolve and change over time. This can lead to changes in the antigenic properties of the virus, making it more difficult for the immune system to recognize and respond to the virus.
Antigenic shift, on the other hand, is a sudden and dramatic change that occurs when two different influenza viruses infect the same host cell and exchange genetic material.
This can result in a completely new strain of the virus with surface proteins that are very different from those of the original viruses. Because the new virus is so different, the immune system may not recognize it, and this can lead to a more severe outbreak.
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Gregor Mendel performed crosses using true-breeding pea plants and observed the traits exhibited by the offspring. He crossed a yellow-seed male plant with a green-seed female plant. He then allowed the offspring (F generation) to self-fertilize, producing offspring (F generation). Based on his results, Mendel concluded that traits can be masked. What evidence best supports Mendel's conclusion?
Answer:
D. the green color trait was missing from the F1 generation, but reappeared in the F2 generation supports Mendel's conclusion that traits can be masked. This observation demonstrated the principles of dominant and recessive traits, with the green trait being recessive and masked in the F1 generation by the dominant yellow trait. The reappearance of the green trait in the F2 generation showed that it was not lost but rather masked in the F1 generation.
The evidence that best supports Mendel's conclusion that traits can be masked is the observation of the F1 generation. When Mendel crossed a yellow-seed male plant with a green-seed female plant, all the offspring in the F1 generation had yellow seeds, indicating that the yellow trait was dominant over the green trait. However, when the F1 generation was allowed to self-fertilize, the F2 generation included some plants with green seeds, indicating that the green trait was still present, but had been masked in the F1 generation. This pattern of inheritance is consistent with the idea that there are dominant and recessive traits, and that dominant traits can mask the expression of recessive traits.
the boundary between the interior and exterior of all cells is called the plasma
True. All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which divides the inside of the cell from the external environment.
A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane. An immune cell kind that produces plenty of a particular antibody. Activated B cells grow into a type of cell called an a plasma cell. One variety of white blood cell is the plasma cell. also known as a plasmacyte.
The membrane that divides the inside of the cell from the external environment is known as the plasma membrane, sometimes known as the cell membrane, and it is present in all cells. The semi-fluid living substance known as protoplasm, sometimes known as plasm, is found inside each cell.
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Correct Question:
State true or false: The boundary between the interior and exterior of all cells is called the plasma membrane.
which force contributes to the stability of a dna double helix?A. hydrophobic interactions of bases in the same strand.
B. hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands.
C. hydrophobic interactions of bases in the same strand and hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands.
D. ionic interactions between the positively charged component of one base and the negatively charged component of the neighboring base.
E. hydrophobic interactions of bases in the same strand, hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands, and ionic interactions between the positively charged component of one base and the negatively charged component of the neighboring base.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B: hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands. Options A, C, D, and E do not accurately reflect the main force that contributes to the stability of a DNA double helix.
The force that contributes to the stability of a DNA double helix is hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands.
The nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) of the two complementary strands in DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds. Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine, while guanine forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
These hydrogen bonds provide the stability required to hold the two strands together in a double helix structure.
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Abundant plant material accumulating in a swampy environment with __________ is required for peat to form.
Abundant plant material accumulating in a swampy environment with low oxygen level is required for peat to form.
It takes a lot of plant material to build up in a swampy environment with low oxygen for peat to form. Peatlands are able to withstand toxic, low-oxygen, high-water, and nutrient-poor conditions.
An area of land that is consistently damp or muddy is called a swampy environment. Even marshes frequently have water covering them. There are two types of swampy environment : freshwater swamps and saltwater swamps. In marshes, trees predominate.
Caddo Lake, the Great Dismal, and Reelfoot are three swamps that are centred on large lakes. swampy environment and bayous are frequently associated in the Southeast of the United States, especially in the Gulf Coast region. A type of marsh known as a baygall can be found in the woodlands of the states around the Gulf Coast.
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what records the arrival times of the P and S waves in order to determine the location of an earthquake’s epicenter
A-magnitude
B-epicenter
C-seismogram
D-the Richter scale
Instruments known as seismometers are used to measure and record the ground motions brought on by seismic waves, which are generated during earthquakes or by other causes of ground motion.
What is recorded on a seismograph?Tools called seismographs are used to record earthquake ground motion. They are buried all over the planet and function as a seismographic network.
What is measured by the Richter scale?Several magnitude scales measure various aspects of the earthquake, but the Richter scale measures the biggest wobble (amplitude) on the recording. Currently, the USGS uses the Moment Magnitude scale to report earthquake magnitudes, however many different magnitudes can be calculated for comparison and research.
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You have two black beetles: Eleodes carbonarius and Eleodes armata. What level of classification do they both belong? A. Genus B. Family C. Order D. All of the above
Answer:
Genus
Explanation:
They would both belong to the Genus "Eleodes"
Eleodes carbonarius and Eleodes armata are belongs to Genus level of classification do they both belong, hence option A is correct.
What is genus level of classification?In biological categorization, a genus is a taxonomic group that comes after family and before species. A genus consists of animals with related characteristics.
A collection of connected living objects (such as plants or animals) that, according to scientific classification, is made up of one or more species and is placed below the family.
The general concept behind a genus is that it represents species that are ancestrally related, are distinct from other genera, and do not include an excessive amount of species, even though classification schemes vary between scientists studying various organisms.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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How is Bt corn produced?
To create a Bt crop variety, plant scientists select the gene for a particular Bt toxin and insert it into the cells of corn or cotton plant at the embryo stage. The resulting mature plant has the Bt gene in all its cells and expresses the insecticidal protein in its leaves
What is bt corn ?Biotechnology has improved bt corn to provide protection from insect pests. A naturally occurring microbe known as Bacillus thuringiensis, or "Bt," provides it with built-in insect defence. Lepidoptera caterpillars are the preferred target of the protein made by Bt corn.
Genes from a naturally existing soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which produces proteins with insecticidal characteristics, have been introduced into Bt corn hybrids.
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How do you label a person's digestive system?
Labelling a person's digestive system necessitates knowledge of its anatomy and physiology.
The digestive system is a complex network of organs and physical components that collaborate to process and absorb nutrients from meals. The mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus are all part of it. Each of these organs is in charge of breaking down food into smaller components that the body may use for energy and development.
Chewing and saliva combine to break down food into smaller particles in the mouth, which is the initial site of interaction with food. The oesophagus is a muscular tube that travels from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach is a muscular, sac-like organ where protein, fat, and carbohydrate digestion starts. The small intestine completes digestion and absorbs the majority of nutrients from meals. The large intestine is in charge of reabsorbing water and electrolytes from meals as well as forming excrement. The rectum and anus are responsible for storing and eliminating waste products from the digestive system.
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which part of the brain regulates body temperature?
A. Hypothalamus
b. infundibulum
c. medulla oblongata
d. pons veroli
The correct option is A; Hypothalamus , The hypothalamus regulates the body's internal functioning. It aids in the regulation of appetite and weight. The temperature of the body.
The medulla oblongata is a structure in the brain that regulates breathing, heart and blood vessel activity, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing. This area of the brain regulates breathing and circulation.
The hypothalamus regulates body temperature and pituitary function. Estradiol and progesterone have an impact on thermoregulation both centrally and peripherally, with estradiol favoring heat dissipation and progesterone favoring heat conservation and higher body temperatures.
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which of the following is dna most similar to?explain your answer in the space below
The DNA of humans is mostly similar to chimpanzees. The correct option is A.
What is DNA?DNA is the genetic material of living organisms. It is made up of nucleotides, and it is present inside the nucleus of the cell. DNA makes up the genotype and phenotype of an organism, and it is different in every organism.
Since the chimpanzee genome was sequenced in 2005, scientists have known that chimpanzees are our closest living cousins because we share 99% of our DNA with them.
Therefore, the correct option is A. Chimpanzee.
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Chimpanzee
oranguton
dolphin
gorilla
What proposes that pitch is decoded by firing frequency of hair cells on the basilar membrane
The place theory proposes that pitch is decoded by firing frequency of hair cells on the basilar membrane
The place theory proposes that pitch is decoded by the firing frequency of hair cells on the basilar membrane in the inner ear.
This theory suggests that different frequencies of sound waves cause maximum displacement of the basilar membrane at different places along the membrane, with high frequencies causing maximum displacement at the base of the membrane and low frequencies causing maximum displacement at the apex of the membrane.
Hair cells at specific locations along the basilar membrane are tuned to respond to specific frequencies, and their firing rate encodes the pitch of the sound.
This theory has been supported by various studies and is currently one of the leading theories for how pitch is encoded in the auditory system.
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which structure is not a part of the sporophyte generation?A) Flower
B) Anther
C) Egg
D) Leaf
Option D: leaf is the structure which is not a part of the sporophyte generation.
Sporophyte of a plant body produces diploid spores which in turn germinate to produce gametophytes. Gametophytes then produces haploid gametes. Fusion of haploid gametes results in the formation of a diploid embryo, which later produces back a sporophyte in unfavorable conditions. This is usually termed as alteration of generation. Thus, we can say that option D: leaf is not a part of the sporophyte generation.
Plants generally reproduce through two stages: asexual and sexual means. The two stages of reproduction involve meiosis and fertilization in order to produce new plant bodies. Through these processes, plants involve two plant phases at different stages of life, called sporophyte and gametophytes. Sporophytes reproduces asexually through spores, while gametophytes produce gametes and undergoes fertilization.
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For science class need the best answer
Answer:
The prey will increase if the natural predators are removed from their natural habitat
with regard to tonicity, two solutions that have the same concentrations of nondiffusible solutes and water are said to be
When two solutions have the same concentration of non-diffusible solutes (such as proteins or ions) and water, they are said to be isotonic with connection to tonicity.
What does tonicity mean?Tonicity refers to the effect of a solution on the shape and volume of a cell. When a cell is placed in a solution, water will move across the cell membrane to equalise the concentration of solutes on both sides of the membrane. The direction and amount of water movement will depend on the concentration of solutes in the solution relative to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.
If the concentration of solutes in the solution is lower than that inside the cell, water will move into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst. This type of solution is called hypotonic.
If the concentration of solutes in the solution is higher than that inside the cell, water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink and shrivel. This type of solution is called hypertonic.
If the concentration of solutes in the solution is the same as that inside the cell, there will be no net movement of water across the membrane, and the cell will maintain its normal shape and volume. This type of solution is called isotonic.
For example, red blood cells must be maintained in an isotonic environment to function properly, and medical solutions such as intravenous fluids must be carefully chosen to avoid damaging cells by creating a hypertonic or hypotonic environment.
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which of these dinosaurs is classified as a carnivore? a) Albertosaurus. b) Allosaurus. c) Archaeopteryx. d) Baryonyx. e) Carnotaurus. f) Coelophysis. g) Dilophosaurus. h) Giganotosaurus. i) Mapusaurus. j) Mosasaurus.
The dinosaurs classified as carnivores are: Albertosaurus, Allosaurus, Baryonyx, Carnotaurus, Dilophosaurus, Giganotosaurus, Mapusaurus, and Mosasaurus.
Albertosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 71 million years ago.
Allosaurus is a genus of large carnosaurian theropod dinosaur that lived 155 to 145 million years ago during the Late Jurassic epoch.
Baryonyx is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous period, about 130–125 million years ago.
Carnotaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in South America during the Late Cretaceous period, probably sometime between 71 and 69 million years ago.
Dilophosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaurs that lived in what is now North America during the Early Jurassic, about 193 million years ago.
Giganotosaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Argentina, during the early Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 99.6 to 95 million years ago.
Mapusaurus was a giant carcharodontosaurid carnosaurian dinosaur from the early Late Cretaceous, approximately 93.9 to 89.6 million years ago, of what is now Argentina.
Mosasaurus is the type genus of the mosasaurs, an extinct group of aquatic squamate reptiles. It lived from about 82 to 66 million years ago during the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the Late Cretaceous.
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True or False: aseptic technique means that that you perform the preparation of media or the transfer of living microbes
Fake Aseptic technique refers to the use of measures and processes to avoid pathogen contamination.
What does "aseptic technique" mean?The aseptic technique is a collection of procedures that protects patients against infections brought forward by healthcare environments and prevents medical staff from coming into contact with blood, body fluids, and human tissue. prevention and management of infections.
What are the examples of aseptic technique?Simple procedures like sterilising the skin with alcohol fall under the category of aseptic techniques, while full surgical asepsis calls for the use of sterile masks, gloves, and gowns. Hospitals, operating rooms, outpatient care facilities, and other healthcare environments all employ aseptic method practises.
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