Stomata were a crucial development that allowed plants to adapt to life on land, whereas the more primitive liverwort pores represent a more ancestral feature.
Cuticle development was a crucial adaptation that made it possible for plants to survive on land by limiting excessive water loss. This adaptation, nevertheless, also posed a problem because it limited the plant's capacity to exchange gases with the environment. Stomata and pores, which are specialised structures for gas exchange, developed as a result of this.
Plants' epidermis has stomata and pores, two types of structures that facilitate gas exchange. The following comparison and contrast highlights some of the distinctions between these structures, notably in terms of their structure and function:
Structure: Stomata are specialised organs that control the opening and closing of a central pore or aperture. They are made up of two kidney-shaped guard cells. Contrarily, liverwort pores are plain epidermal holes without the two guard cells seen in stomata.
In order to control the entry of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and the departure of oxygen and water vapour, stomata are specialised for gas exchange. Changes in turgor pressure within the guard cells, which are in turn regulated by external signals like light and humidity, control the opening and closing of stomata. The pores of liverworts have a similar purpose in that they permit gas exchange between the plant and its surroundings, but they lack the guard cells' active regulation in stomata.
Stomata, which are present in all land plants with the exception of liverworts and some mosses, are assumed to have originated in the ancestor of vascular plants. Pores, on the other hand, are a more primitive characteristic that is shared by both liverworts and other non-vascular land plants.
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The first unambiguous human trait to evolve as recorded in the fossil record is
a large brain
overlapping fields of vision
a chin
fingernails
obligate upright walking
Obligate upright walking is the earliest clearly identifiable human characteristic to have evolved as shown in the fossil record.
What human characteristic initially emerged?Bipedalism, or the capacity to walk on two legs, originated more than 4 million years ago and is one of the fundamental characteristics that define humans. Other crucial human traits, like a large and complex brain, the capacity for language, and the ability to create and use tools, have just lately emerged.
What kind of animal was the first to walk upright?Homo erectus was the first species to have truly walked upright, despite the fact that bipedalism originated much earlier. It was also the first species to show a move towards human characteristics, earning it the nickname "the handy man" for its aptitude with tools.
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What is 20610 cpt code ?
20610 is the CPT code for Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection; major joint or bursa (e.g., shoulder, hip, knee, subacromial bursa).
The 20610 CPT code is a medical procedure code that refers to "Arthrocentesis, aspiration and/or injection, major joint or bursa (eg, shoulder, hip, knee, subacromial bursa); without ultrasound guidance".
This procedure involves the removal of fluid from a joint or bursa using a needle and syringe. The fluid can be removed for diagnostic purposes or to relieve pain and pressure.
This code is commonly used for procedures performed on the shoulder, hip, knee, or subacromial bursa. It is important to note that this code does not include ultrasound guidance, which would be indicated with a different CPT code.
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The energy that produces a response in the sense organs is called a:________
Sensation, the force that causes the sensory organs to react stimulus.
What is the energy that causes the sense organs to react?Energy that causes a sense organ to respond is known as a stimulus. Absolute threshold: The lowest stimulus intensity that a living thing can perceive. awareness of additional stimuli stimulation as opposed to a fixed quantity.
Sensory receptors: What are they?A sensory receptor is a nerve ending that, when stimulated, delivers messages to the central nervous system. Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors react to substances through taste, odour, and internal alterations. When the temperature changes, thermoreceptors react.
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the small bulge at the end of the axon that sends messages to other neurons are called by?
Terminal buttons are the tiny protrusions at the end of axons that communicate with neighboring neurons.
What is neuron and its function?The basic building blocks of the nervous system and brain are neurons (also known as neurones or nerve cells). Brain cells are the cells that receive sensory information from the outside world, give control signals to our muscles, and transform and relay electrical signals at each stage along the way.
What is the largest neuron?With a width of 1.1 mm, this R2 cell seems to be the biggest neuron ever captured on camera. When this cell is isolated, a record-breaking 1.965 g of total RNA was produced.
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The gonads produce steroids. The specific steroid-producing organelle in gonad cells is, ribosomes. lysosomes. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. mitochondria. contractile vacuole.
Answer:
smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The lac operon consists of regulatory regions such as the promoter as well as the structural genes lacZ, lacY, and lacA, which code for proteins involved in lactose metabolism. What would be the outcome of a missense mutation in one of the structural genes of the lac operon?
Mutation in structural genes will stop transcription.
Mutated lacY will prevent CAP from binding.
Mutated lacA will metabolize lactose or maltodextrin.
Transcription will continue but lactose will not be metabolized properly.
Option 4 is Correct. A missense mutation in one of the structural genes of the lac operon would prevent lactose from being effectively digested while allowing transcription to proceed.
The structural genes lacZ, lacY, and lacA, which code for lactose metabolism-related proteins, are part of the lac operon, along with regulatory elements like the promoter. The structural genes lacZ, lacY, and lacA, which code for lactose metabolism-related proteins, are part of the lac operon, along with regulatory elements like the promoter.
The lac operon's repressor is encoded by the I gene. The Z gene produces the enzyme -galactosidase, which is mostly in charge of breaking down the disaccharide lactose into its monomeric components, galactose and glucose.
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Correct Question:
The lac operon consists of regulatory regions such as the promoter as well as the structural genes lacZ, lacY, and lacA, which code for proteins involved in lactose metabolism. What would be the outcome of a missense mutation in one of the structural genes of the lac operon?
1. Mutation in structural genes will stop transcription.
2. Mutated lacY will prevent CAP from binding.
3. Mutated lacA will metabolize lactose or maltodextrin.
4. Transcription will continue but lactose will not be metabolized properly.
(04.01 MC)
What percent of energy is transferred from the sun to the level indicated?
O 50 percent
O 100 percent
O90 percent
O 10 percent
100 percent of energy is transferred from the sun to the level of plants and as suggested by Lindeman's 10% law, only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level, hence option B is correct.
How energy is transferred in the energy pyramid?10% of the total energy in the trophic level before is moved from one trophic level to the next in the food pyramid. This is due to the fact that each trophic level's creatures utilize and store some of their energy.
The energy for the plants, which are the main producers, comes not from the trophic levels but instead directly from sunlight. Consequently, 100% of the sun's energy is delivered to the plants at the base of the food pyramid.
Therefore, 100 percent of energy is transferred from the sun to the level indicated.
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which part of the neuron communicates an electrical signal to target tissue?
Axon would communicates an electrical signal to target tissue. Every nerve in the body has an axon.
The bigger the size, the faster it sends messages to the body. Usually, axons can be found in the innermost nerves and are sheathed in myelin. Myelin is a white fatty protein complex that serves as insulation for axons. In addition, myelin can also help when the body will send signals long distances.
This means that myelin is more commonly found in neurons that connect different brain regions, than in neurons whose axons stay in one area. It functions to transmit messages between neurons. It also has side branches known as collateral axons, so they can transmit messages to several neurons at once.
these branches will also be divided into smaller branches known as axon terminals or nerve terminals. Each terminal has a synapse where neurotransmitters can transmit messages and receive messages sent.
In other words, the axon makes a nerve cell capable of sending electrical and chemical messages to other nerves, glands, and muscles, to make communications in this process.
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What is a nursing diagnosis for ineffective coping?
Ineffective Coping related to stress and anxiety as evidenced by increased agitation, inability to relax, poor sleep patterns, and negative coping mechanisms such as substance use or social withdrawal.
What is Diagnosis?A diagnosis is the identification of a particular disease or condition based on its signs and symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic tests. In medicine, a diagnosis is an essential step in providing appropriate treatment and care for a patient. A nursing diagnosis, specifically, is a clinical judgment made by a nurse to describe a patient's response to actual or potential health problems or life processes that the nurse is licensed and competent to treat. It provides the basis for the selection of nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse has accountability.
Other possible nursing diagnoses for ineffective coping may include:
Anxiety related to stressors and insufficient coping strategies
Risk for self-harm related to ineffective coping and overwhelming stress
Disturbed sleep pattern related to high levels of stress and anxiety
Impaired social interaction related to social withdrawal and ineffective coping mechanisms
Ineffective impulse control related to poor coping skills and heightened emotions.
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introducing a plasmid of dna into an organism that will allow it to exhibit new traits is called
Introducing a plasmid of DNA into an organism that will allow it to exhibit new traits is called transformation.
In molecular biology, transformation refers to the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell, leading to the permanent alteration of the cell's genetic makeup. This is usually achieved by using plasmids, which are small, circular pieces of DNA that can be easily manipulated in the laboratory and then introduced into the target organism.
Once inside the organism, the plasmid can integrate into the host's genome, allowing it to express new traits or characteristics that were not present before.
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Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by a precapillary sphincter, which opens or closes due to the requirements of the cells the capillary supplies.
True or False
The given statement that "Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by a precapillary sphincter, which opens or closes due to the requirements of the cells the capillary supplies." is true because it regulates the flow of blood according to the body's needs.
Blood primarily is able to move through the body with the help of the rhythmic movement of the smooth muscle present in the vessel wall and also by the action of the skeletal muscle according to the body movements. Blood is prevented from flowing in a backward direction in the veins by the one-way valves.
Blood flow through these capillary beds is basically controlled by precapillary sphincters to increase as well as decrease the flow which depends on the body’s needs and is gets directed by nerve and hormone signals.
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Most water molecules that cross the plasma membrane do so by
A) diffusion through aquaporins.
B) diffusion through the plasma membrane.
C) diffusion through ion channels.
D) active transport by ion channels.
E) active transport by aquaporins
Aquaporins are used for diffusion, which is how most water molecules traverse the plasma membrane. either straightforward diffusion thru the lipid bilayer or water-selective enhanced diffusion via aquaporins.
What functions does your body's plasma serve?55% of the total volume of your blood is made up of the liquid substance called plasma. In addition to circulating throughout the circulatory system, plasma is essential for your body's ability to heal after injury, deliver nutrients, remove waste, and prevent infection.
Your body makes plasma in what ways?Intriguingly, no organ produces plasma, which makes up 55% of the blood overall. It is instead created from salts and water that are ingested.
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a single fertilized egg divides into many separate embryos is known as
The process in which a single fertilized egg divides into many separate embryos is known as polyembryony.
In polyembryony, the zygote undergoes one or more divisions to create two or more embryos that are genetically identical to each other.
Polyembryony is a rare phenomenon that has been observed in several plant and animal species. In plants, polyembryony can occur naturally or can be induced through artificial means, such as tissue culture or embryo rescue. In animals, polyembryony is most commonly observed in species of armadillos and in some species of invertebrates.
Polyembryony has several implications in biological research and can be useful in applications such as cloning and genetic engineering. However, in nature, polyembryony can have both benefits and drawbacks. While it can increase the chances of survival for the offspring, it can also lead to competition for resources among genetically identical individuals.
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how would the amount of incoming solar radiation change at the equator if earth’s axis were vertical instead of tilted?
if the earth's axis were vertical rather than inclined, the equator would be It would result in more solar radiation pouring in.
An example of radiationWhenever energy is exchanged, radiation is created. A material need not be radioactive in order to discharge radiation. Radiation is not produced by all element isotopes. Exposure covers elements like light, temperature, & alpha particles.
What causes radioactivity?It can be made artificially by machinery or it can arise from radioactive nuclei that experience radioactive decay. The energy waves or charged particles that make up radiation leave their source. Radiation comes in several shapes, and each one has unique characteristics and results.
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what options do butterflies have for regulating their body temperature?
Butterflies lack the ability to control their body temperatures since they are cold blooded (ectothermic). They must instead rely on behavioural instincts to help them warm up so they may fly.
What is Ectothermic ?Any species whose ability to regulate its internal temperature depends on environmental factors like sunlight or a warm rock surface. Fishea, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrate are the ectotherms.
What is the definition of instinctual behaviour?When referring to behaviours which are not learnt, such as activities you obviously know when to do in the first time, people frequently use the terms "innate" or "instinctive." It's critical to act instinctively to ensure the future of your genes and, ultimately, your species.
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List five categories that can be used to determine relationships between organisms.
The five categories that can be used to determine relationships between organisms are taxonomy, morphology, ecology, genetics, and behavior. By using these five categories, scientists can determine the relationships between different organisms and better understand how they are related to each other.
The five categories that can be used to determine relationships between organisms are:
Taxonomy: This category is used to classify organisms into different groups based on their physical and genetic characteristics. This helps to determine how closely related different organisms are to each other.Morphology: This category is used to compare the physical characteristics of different organisms, such as their size, shape, and structure. This helps to determine the relationships between organisms that may have evolved from a common ancestor.Behavior: This category is used to compare the behaviors of different organisms, such as their mating habits, feeding habits, and social behaviors. This helps to determine the relationships between organisms that have similar behaviors.Geography: This category is used to compare the geographic distribution of different organisms. This helps to determine the relationships between organisms that are found in the same or different geographic regions.Genetics: This category is used to compare the genetic makeup of different organisms. This helps to determine the relationships between organisms that share similar genes or genetic traits.Learn more about relationships between organisms https://brainly.com/question/22904584
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Why are there so few ecosystems with more than four levels of consumers?
A) Predators at the highest trophic levels simply are not intelligent enough to hunt other top predators.
B) Consumers at these highest trophic levels typically form social groups that stop reproducing at high densities.
C) Top consumers compete with and kill each other with increasing population size.
D) Biomass decreases by about 90% at each trophic level, moving upward.
Few ecosystems have four or more tiers of consumers
D) Biomass decreases by about 90% at each trophic level, moving upward.
The correct option is D
There are so few ecosystems with more than four levels of consumers because biomass decreases by about 90% at each trophic level, moving upward. This means that there is less and less energy available as you move up the food chain, and fewer and fewer individuals can be supported at each higher trophic level. This limits the number of top predators that an ecosystem can support, as there simply may not be enough food to sustain them. In addition, top consumers often compete with and kill each other with increasing population size, further limiting the number of predators that an ecosystem can support. Therefore, it is rare to find ecosystems with more than four levels of consumers.
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T/F. The Jabuticaba tree from South America. The fruit grows directly on the trunk and branches and tastes like blueberry yogurt.
The fruit, which has a white pulp and a purplish-black skin, develops right on the tree's trunk. It is consumed raw or utilized to make jams, jellies, juice, and wine.
What fruit ranks first in the world?
The most consumed fruit worldwide is the banana. Given their status as a tropical fruit than rarely grows in most regions, this may come as a bit of a surprise. The average American consumes pounds of bananas annually despite the fact that they don't grow in the majority of the country.
What fruit ranks number one for being in tact?
The devil fruit used by Sakazuki Akainu has been described as having the greatest offensive potential in the One Piece universe. Akainu, a Navy Admiral, possesses strong haki and fighting prowess, but its devil fruit would've been potent for anybody to possess.
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______most involved in regulating and controlling body functions
Most body functions are regulated and controlled by the neurological system.
Which two types of bodily membranes fall under each category?Body membranes are incredibly thin sheets or layers of tissue or cells that line various body cavities, cover the surface of internal organs, and are found on the outside of the body. The epithelial membranes and the connective tissue membranes are the two main classes into which these membranes are divided.
The membranes are referred to as.Every cell has a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the interior of the cell from the external world. Materials moving into and out of the cell are controlled by the cell membrane.
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What color
absorbs all
light?
A. ultraviolet
B. infrared
C. black
D. white
Answer:
black objects..........
Explanation:
...........
The unicellular green alga chlorella is often used as a model organism to study the effects of various substances on the growth of photosynthetic organisms. Researchers studying the detoxification of certain metals by chlorella first collected data on the growth dynamics of the alga. A small number of chlorella were added to 1,500 ml of culture medium that contained all of the inorganic nutrients needed for growth. Every five days for 30 days, the researchers performed multiple counts to determine the concentration of chlorella in the culture (table 1).
It depends on the light for its growth. The unicellular green alga Chlorella is used as a model organism for studying the effects of various substances on the growth of photosynthetic organisms.
Chlorella is grown in freshwater and sometimes called seaweed. It has medicinal value and is a good source of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fiber, chlorophyll, minerals and vitamins. Chlorella helps in preventing low levels of iron during pregnancy and also plays a role in curing depression, fibromyalgia and menstrual cramps.
Detoxification of certain metals by Chlorella are studied by first collecting data on the dynamics of the growth.
Growth of Chlorella culture depends on the light available to them. Chlorella prepare their own food with the presence of light just like the plants. If the amount of the light is more and is received by Chlorella algae, then it prepares more food and more growth occurs. While on the other hand, if there is less amount of light available to Chlorella algae so it produces less amount of food and less growth will occur. Growth rapidly decreased when the temperature exceeded the optimum temperature. Therefore the growth didn't occur above 35°C.
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which of the statements correctly contrasts anabolic and catabolic pathways?
Anabolic pathways consume energy, whereas catabolic pathways release energy. Hence option 1 is correct.
What is anabolic pathway?In general, anabolic processes require an energy input to produce complex molecules from of the simpler ones. One example is the creation of glucose from carbon dioxide. Other examples are the creation of the DNA strands from of building blocks of nucleic acids or even the synthesis of the proteins using amino acids (nucleotides).
What is the protein anabolic pathway?The process through which proteins are created from amino acids is known as protein anabolism. 'Amino acid synthesis', transcription, translations, post-translational modifications, & protein folding are the five processes on which it depends.
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The complete question is -
Which of the following correctly contrasts anabolic and catabolic pathways?
1. Anabolic pathways consume energy, whereas catabolic pathways release energy.
2. Anabolic pathways release energy, whereas catabolic pathways require energy.
3. Anabolic pathways use oxygen, whereas catabolic pathways do not.
4. There is no contrast, they are synonymous terms.
which has the thickest layer of peptidoglycan in the cell wall?
Gram-positive bacteria have a peptidoglycan layer that is significantly thicker (20 to 80 nanometers) than Gram-negative bacteria (7 to 8 nanometers).
The distinct big macromolecule known as peptididoglycan, also known as murein, is a polysaccharide made up of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane, the hard cell wall (murein sacculus) that is characteristic of most bacteria (domain Bacteria). : 66–67 Alternating residues of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid make up the sugar component (NAM).
An oligopeptide chain with three to five amino acids is joined to the N-acetylmuramic acid. A layer that resembles a 3D mesh may be created by cross-linking one peptide chain to another peptide chain on another strand.
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the endocrine system releases _______________ to regulate bodily functions.
Hormones are released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands. The hormones can now reach cells in other places of the body thanks to this. Endocrine hormones aid in mood regulation.
What does the body have endocrine for?
Picture for endocrine (EN-doh-krin SIS-tem) the tissues and organs that hormone secretion and release them into the bloodstream so they can reach all of the body's tissues and organs. The hormones produced by the endocrine glands regulate a variety of vital bodily processes, including as metabolism, reproduction, and growth and development.
What endocrine condition is most typical?
Diabetes is the most prevalent endocrine condition in the US. There are a lot more. Typically, they are managed by regulating the amount of hormone your body produces. If there are too few hormones in the body, hormone supplements may be able to help.
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Which supergroup of eukaryotes includes animals and fungi? Opisthokonta, Amoebozoa, Archaeplastida, Rhizaria, Chromalveolata, Excavata.
which best explains why a pyramid is used to represent energy flow within an ecosystem?1. Because available energy decreases as you go up2. Because the organisms get bigger3. Because the amount of the organism is more4. Because further of organisms use less energy
Pyramids are used to represent the flow of energy within an ecosystem. Here's why. (1) Available energy decreases with altitude.
Why are pyramids used to represent the flow of energy within an ecosystem?
An energy pyramid shows the flow of energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem. The pyramid shape is used because energy is lost at each trophic level as the organism consumes it.
What is simple definition of ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a geographical area where plants, animals, other living things, weather and landscape work together to form a bubble of life. An ecosystem contains living or living parts and abiotic factors or non-living parts. Biological agents include plants, animals, and other organisms.
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What are abdominal quadrants and organs ?
The abdomen is divided into four quadrants: the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the right lower quadrant, and the left lower quadrant. These quadrants are used to help identify the location of organs and structures within the abdomen.
The right upper quadrant (RUQ) contains the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, and portions of the small and large intestines.
The left upper quadrant (LUQ) contains the stomach, spleen, left kidney, and portions of the small and large intestines.
The right lower quadrant (RLQ) contains the appendix, cecum, and portions of the small and large intestines.
The left lower quadrant (LLQ) contains portions of the small and large intestines, as well as the left ovary and fallopian tube in women.
It is important to know the location of these abdominal quadrants and the organs they contain in order to accurately diagnose and treat medical conditions.
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Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involve:_________
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis are a few examples of processes that infiltrate the plasma membrane.
What are plasma membranes employed for and why do they exist?The body of a cell is made up of the cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane. It also gives the cell a stable environment. And that membrane serves a variety of purposes. One is to feed the cell with nutrition while expelling harmful substances.
What substances comprise the plasma membrane?Like all cellular membranes, the cell membrane is composed of proteins and lipids. The membrane's fundamental structural element is the bilayer, which establishes an impermanent barrier between both the two aqueous compartments.
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identify whether the example describes an anabolic or catabolic pathway.
a. Bank Glycolysis converts one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate b. A protein molecule is constructed from amino acid subunits. c. Photosynthesis generales songe carbohydrates from C, and H.O. d. A nucleic acid molecule is broken down into nucleotide subunits.
(a) and (d) are the examples describes a catabolic pathway. (b) and (c) are the example describes an anabolic pathway.
a. The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate, which releases energy, is known as glycolysis.
b. Because it uses energy to produce larger molecules from smaller ones, the process of generating a protein molecule from amino acid subunits is an anabolic route.
c. The process of photosynthesis, which uses energy from sunlight to create complex organic molecules (carbohydrates) from simpler inorganic ones (carbon dioxide and water), is anabolic in nature.
d. As a bigger molecule is broken down into smaller subunits, releasing energy in the process, the breakdown of a nucleic acid molecule into nucleotide subunits is a catabolic route.
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As a woody stem grows, the cells and function of the epidermis are taken over by the _________.
The cells and activities of the epidermis are replaced by those of the periderm when a woody stem develops.
The protective layer that replaces the epidermis on woody stems and some other stem structures, such potato tubers, is a secondary covering referred known as the periderm. During secondary growth, the periderm takes the place of the epidermis as the outermost tissue, which is followed by an increase in the girth of plant organs.
The periderm replaces the epidermis in fully mature plants. The secondary growth, the vascular cambium, and the xylem and phloem are continually covered with new layers each year during the growing season. The vascular cambium and the cork cambium are examples of secondary meristems.
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