Holes are much lighter and more mobile than electrons in semiconductors. This difference in effective mass is a key factor in determining the electronic properties of materials such as B. Its conductivity, charge carrier mobility, and optical properties.
What do you understand by the the effective mass for electrons?The effective mass (meff) of an electron or hole in a solid is a measure of how a particle behaves as if it had a certain mass in a vacuum, even when interacting with crystal lattices and other particles in the solid. is. In general, the effective mass of an electron or hole depends on its energy and momentum.
In semiconductors with an energy bandgap, the valence band (VB) is separated from the conduction band (CB) by the bandgap energy (Eg). The energy of CB is higher than that of VB, the electrons in CB are free to move and conduct electricity, while the holes in VB are immobile and carry positive charge.
If the effective mass of electrons in CB is five times the effective mass of holes in VB, then the effective mass ratio can be expressed as
meff,electron / meff,hole = 5
Taking the reciprocals of both sides and rearranging them gives:
meff,hole / meff,electron = 1/5
This means that the effective mass of holes in VB is about one-fifth that of electrons in CB. In other words, holes are much lighter and more mobile than electrons in semiconductors. This difference in effective mass is a key factor in determining the electronic properties of materials such as: B. Its conductivity, charge carrier mobility, and optical properties.
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find an expression for the magnitude of the electric field that enables the block to remain at rest.
To keep the block at rest, an electric field with a magnitude equal to the gravitational force divided by the block's charge is required.
What is magnitude?A physical quantity's magnitude can be used to gauge its size or strength, such as in the case of a vector. The term "magnitude" in the context of an electric field refers to the field's amplitude.
The "equilibrium electric field" is the electric field needed to hold an object still. A force will be applied to a charged object in an electric field, either in the direction of or away from the source of the field. The net force must be zero in order to maintain the item at rest, which necessitates counteracting the electric field's force with another force.
E = k * q / d2, where k is the Coulomb constant, q is the charge on the object, and d is the separation between the item and the field source, can be used to calculate the size of the electric field necessary for equilibrium. According to this equation, the electric field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the item and the field source and directly proportional to the charge on the object.
As a result, if an object is charged and placed in an electric field, the size of the field needed to keep the object at rest will depend on the object's charge and the distance between it and the field source.
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An expression for the magnitude of the electric field that enables the block to remain at rest is:
[tex]\mathrm{ E = \dfrac{m \times g\times sin(\theta) }{q} }[/tex]
What is magnitude?A physical quantity's magnitude can be used tο gauge its size or strength, such as in the case of a vector
The "equilibrium electric field" is the electric field needed to hold an object still. A force will be applied to a charged object in an electric field, either in the directiοn of or away from the source of the field. The net force must be zero in order to maintain the item at rest, which necessitates cοunteracting the electric field's fοrce with another force.
According to this equation, the electric field is inversely proportional to the square οf the distance between the item and the field source and directly proportional to the charge on the οbject.
As with a typical inclined plane problem, we need tο find the compοnent of the gravitational fοrce parallel to the incline.
That is
[tex]\mathrm{ m \times g\times sin(\theta) }[/tex]
For the blοck to remain stationary, we set this equal to the coulοmb force
[tex]\mathrm{ qE = m \times g\times sin(\theta) }[/tex]
since E is parallel to the incline,
sοlving for E, we find the answer tο part a:
[tex]\mathrm{ E = \dfrac{m \times g\times sin(\theta) }{q} }[/tex]
Thus, an expression fοr the magnitude οf the electric field that enables the block tο remain at rest is:
[tex]\mathrm{ E = \dfrac{m \times g\times sin(\theta) }{q} }[/tex]
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Two rivers have the same volume of water flow over time but fall from different heights to power hydroelectric turbines. Which river would provide the most power? Explain why you chose that answer, describing the water's kinetic energy, potential energy and the law of conservation of energy.
The higher the water fall, the more the HEP produced.
What does the height of the water fall have to do with the HEP?The height of a waterfall is directly related to the potential energy of the water and the amount of hydroelectric power (HEP) that can be generated from it. Hydroelectric power is generated by harnessing the energy of falling water to generate electricity. The height of the waterfall determines the potential energy of the water, which is then converted into kinetic energy as the water falls and drives a turbine.
The higher the waterfall, the more potential energy the water has, and the more kinetic energy it can generate as it falls. This means that a taller waterfall has the potential to generate more hydroelectric power than a shorter waterfall.
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For a simple harmonic oscillator, which of the following pairs of vector quantities can’t both point in the same direction? (The position vector is the displacement from equilibrium.) (a) position and velocity (b) velocity and acceleration (c) position and acceleration
The restoring force and acceleration are always in the same direction for a simple harmonic oscillator.
A simple harmonic oscillator is what?
A driven or dampened oscillator is known as a simple harmonic oscillator. It typically consists of a mass "m" that is pulled in the direction of the point x = 0 by a single force "F" that solely depends on the body's position "x" and a constant "k."
Consider a straightforward pendulum that displays SHM at low displacements. The location vector points upward while the acceleration and velocity vectors point downward during the downswing. The acceleration vector points downward while the location and velocity vectors point upward during an upswing. Therefore, unless they are both 0 at equilibrium, the acceleration always points in the opposite direction to the position vector. The acceleration and force of restoration are always in same direction .
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Analyze the word to determine its Greek prefix. Then use your understanding of the prefix meaning to choose the
correct meaning of the word.
analgesic
a medicine to increase hearing ability
a medicine to remove pain
a mixture of paint and linseed oil
The meaning of the word, " analgesic " is B. a medicine to remove pain.
What is an analgesic ?Any substance used to relieve pain is referred to as an analgesic drug, also known as an analgesic, analgaesic, pain reliever, or painkiller.
Analgesics, commonly known as painkillers, are drugs that treat a variety of pains, such as headaches, injuries, and arthritis. Both opioid analgesics and anti-inflammatory analgesics alter how the brain interprets pain. Some analgesics, such as stronger OTC medicines, combination analgesics, and all opioids, must be purchased with a prescription.
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Starting with an energy balance on a rectangular volume element, derive the one- dimensional transient heat conduction equation for a plane wall with constant thermal conductivity and no heat generation.
The transient heat conduction equation for a plane wall with constant thermal conductivity and no heat generation can be derived from the energy balance equation for a rectangular volume element.
Consider a plane wall with constant thermal conductivity, k, and no heat generation. Let's assume that the wall is at temperature T at time t and T + ΔT at time t + Δt. The energy balance equation for a rectangular volume element of the wall can be expressed as:
ΔQ/Δt = -kA(ΔT/Δx), where
ΔQ/Δt is the rate of heat transfer into the volume element k is the thermal conductivityA is the cross-sectional area of the wallΔT/Δx is the temperature gradient across the wall.Rearranging the equation:
ΔT/Δt = -(k/A)(ΔT/Δx)
The above equation represents the one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation for a plane wall with constant thermal conductivity and no heat generation.
This equation can be further simplified by using the thermal diffusivity, α, which is defined as:
α = k / (ρCp) where,
ρ is the density of the material Cp is the specific heat capacity.Substituting α into the equation:
ΔT/Δt = -α(ΔT/Δx^2)
This is the final form of the one-dimensional transient heat conduction equation for a plane wall with constant thermal conductivity and no heat generation.
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while big-o notation is used to measure the worst-case complexity of our code, we may also choose to assess the best-case complexity using big-theta notation.
While big-o notation is used to measure the worst-case complexity of our code, we may also choose to assess the best-case complexity using big-theta notation. The statement is true.
Big-Theta notation is used to measure the average-case complexity of an algorithm. It provides an upper and lower bound on the growth rate of the algorithm, expressing it as the tightest asymptotic bound.
This means that the running time of an algorithm expressed in big-Theta notation lies within a constant factor of the actual running time. For example, if the running time of an algorithm is O(n²) and Θ(n²), it means that the algorithm's running time grows proportional to n², but with a constant factor that is not necessarily equal to 1.
Thus, big-Theta notation provides a more accurate representation of the algorithm's running time compared to big-O notation which only provides an upper bound.
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Your question seems incomplete, but I suppose the question was:
"While big-o notation is used to measure the worst-case complexity of our code, we may also choose to assess the best-case complexity using big-theta notation. True or false."
What is the integral of the function x^4 in the interval from c to d?
The limit integral of function x⁴ from c to d is [ d⁵-c⁵]/5.
What is integration?In mathematics, an integral lends numerical values to functions to represent concepts like volume, area, and displacement that result from combining infinitesimally small amounts of data.
Integration is the action of locating integrals. . In addition to differentiation, integration is a fundamental, crucial calculus operation that helps to solve issues with the area of an arbitrary form.
The limit integral of function x⁴ from c to d is:
[tex]\int\limits^c_d {x^4} \, dx[/tex]
[tex]= [\frac{x^5}{5} ]_{x=c}^{x=d}[/tex]
= [ d⁵-c⁵]/5
Hence, the limit integral of function x⁴ from c to d is [ d⁵-c⁵]/5.
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A 117-lb student races up stairs with a vertical height of 5.7 m in 5.5 s to get to a class on the second floor. How much power in watts does the student expend in doing work against gravity?
Work = (117 lbs) * (1 kg / 2.2046 lbs) * (9.81 m/s^2) * (5.7 m) = 296.8 J where 1 lb = 0.4536 kg. The time it takes for the student to climb the stairs he takes 5.5 seconds, so:
Power = work done / time taken = 296.8 J / 5.5 seconds ≈ 54 W So the power consumed by the student climbing the stairs is about 54 watts.
What is Acceleration?
Acceleration, the rate of change of velocity over time for both velocity and direction. A point or object moving in a straight line accelerates as it accelerates or decelerates. Circumferential motion is accelerated because it always changes direction even at constant velocity.
What is example acceleration?
If an object accelerates and moves in a positive direction, you have positive acceleration. The car accelerating in the first example is an example of positive acceleration. The car is moving forward and accelerating in the positive direction, so the acceleration is in the same direction as the car is moving.
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Examine the following scenarios or questions, and determine whether science can be used to investigate them or not. You aren't being asked to decide whether or not the scenarios or questions ARE TRUE, only whether science can be used to investigate them. 1) Are the immigration laws of Canada better than those of the United States? 2) Can bacteria learn? 3) A Russian mystic claims he can move physical objects with his mind, but any attempts to monitor his actions with recording equipment interfere with the ability. 4) A truck driver is roused from sleepiness while driving, and narrowly avoids a head-on collision. He knows that his guardian angel saved his life by waking him up. 1) if I have a liter of cornflakes, am I measuring its volume, its mass, or its length? 2) If I have a meter of cornflakes, am I measuring its volume, its mass, or its length? 3) You see a measurement of 320s. Is this a measurement of temperature, duration, or computer storage capacity?
Explanation:
the Newsweek shadow STD test like that card imperial how was
A stationary mass explodes in to two parts of masses 2kg and 1kg if the smaller mass has a kinetic energy of 400J. What is the kinetic energy of the larger mass?in physics
200J is the correct answer
What is Kinetic Energy ?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It is a scalar quantity and is proportional to the object's mass and the square of its velocity. The equation for kinetic energy is given by:
KE = 0.5 * m * v^2
where KE is the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the object, and v is its velocity.
Kinetic energy is a measure of an object's ability to do work, as it can be transferred to other objects through collisions or other interactions. The total energy of a system is conserved, so an increase in an object's kinetic energy corresponds to a decrease in another form of energy, such as potential energy.
K.E=400J=1/2x1xV^{2}
V=\sqrt{800}
Applying conservation of momentum
maVa+ mbVb=0 ; Va=\sqrt{200}
Therefore ; K.E of larger mass = 1/2x2x200 = 200 J
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(c) An experiment was carried out in the laboratory to obtain the acceleration due to gravity 'g' as Shown in Fig. 1. The observations recorded were entered in the Table 1 as shown below. Table 1 S/N 1 2 3 4 5 L (cm) 100.00 90.00 70.00 50.00 40.00
No of Oscillation. 50 50 50 50 50
Mean time (s) 102.00 85.50 64.50
T (s) 1.92 1.47 T'(s)
The acceleration due to gravity can be obtained from the experiment.
How do you obtain the acceleration due to gravity experimentally?We know that when we talk about the acceleration due to gravity what we mean is that we want to know the magnitude of the gravitational pull in a given area and this can be known when we look at the data that we have from the oscillation experiment.
As such gravity is the force that causes the oscillation of the material to stop and such the magnitude can be determined from the experiment.
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At the county fair, Chris throws a 0.15kg baseball at a 2.5kg wooden milk bottle, hoping to knock it off its stand and win a prize. The ball bounces straight back at 15% of its incoming speed, knocking the bottle straight forward.
Part A
What is the bottle's speed, as a percentage of the ball's incoming speed?
6.6% is the percentage of bottle speed to ball entry velocity.
What is the simple definition of velocity?
Velocity is defined as: The rate of change of the object's position in any direction. Velocity is measured as the ratio of distance traveled and time traveled. Velocity is a scalar quantity because it has only direction and not magnitude.
What are the some examples of speed?
If you know the distance an object travels in a given time, you can find the speed of the object. For example, if a car travels 70 miles in one hour he travels 70 miles per hour (miles per hour).
Why measure speed?
Measuring movement speed can be very useful in saving time. A speedometer is used to measure speed of an car. An odometer is useful for measuring mileage.
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Consider the point charges arranged at the corners and at the center of a square, as depicted in the figure. 1. Find the magnitude of the electric field, in newtons per coulomb, at the location of qa in the figure, given that qb= qc = qd = 5.6 nC, q = -1.3 nC, and the square is 6 cm on a side.
The magnitude of the electric field, in newtons per coulomb, at the location of qa in the figure is 32737.87 N/C.
What is electric field?
An electric field is a physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles and acts as an attractor or repellent to all other charged particles in the vicinity. It can also refer to a system of charged particles' physical field.
When charge is present in any form, every point in space has an electric field associated with it. The value of E, often known as the electric field strength, electric field intensity, or just the electric field, expresses the strength and direction of the electric field.
[tex]$$The $\mathrm{x}$ component of $\vec{E}_q$ is given as:$$\begin{aligned}\vec{E}_{q, x} & =E_q \cos 45^{\circ} \hat{x} \\& =k \frac{\left|-1.1 \times 10^{-9}\right|}{1.25 \times 10^{-3}} \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \hat{x}\end{aligned}$$And its y component is given as:$$\begin{aligned}\vec{E}_{q, y} & =-E_q \sin 45^{\circ} \hat{y} \\& =-k \frac{\left|-1.1 \times 10^{-9}\right|}{1.25 \times 10^{-3}} \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \hat{y}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
[tex]$$Therefore, the net electric field at the location of $q_a$ is given as:$$\begin{aligned}\vec{E} & =\vec{E}_b+\vec{E}_c+\vec{E}_{d, x}+\vec{E}_{d, y}+\vec{E}_{q, x}+\vec{E}_{q, y} \end{aligned}[/tex]
[tex]& =k \times 10^{-9} \times\left(\left(-\frac{5.9}{(0.05)^2}-\frac{5.9}{\sqrt{2} \times 5 \times 10^{-3}}+[/tex] [tex]\frac{1.1}{\sqrt{2} \times 1.25 \times 10^{-3}}\right) \hat{x}+\left(\frac{5.9}{(0.05)^2}+\frac{5.9}{\sqrt{2} \times 5 \times 10^{-3}}-\frac{1.1}{\sqrt{2} \times 1.25 \times 10^{-3}}\right) \hat{y}\right) \end{aligned}[/tex]
[tex]\begin{aligned}& =\left(9 \times 10^9\right) \times 10^{-9} \times(-2572.13 \hat{x}+2572.13 \hat{y}) \\& =23149.17 \times(-\hat{x}+\hat{y}) \mathrm{N} / \mathrm{C}\end{aligned}[/tex]
[tex]$And its magnitude is given by:$$\begin{aligned}|\vec{E}| & =23149.17 \times \sqrt{1^2+1^2} \\& =23149.17 \times \sqrt{2} \\& =32737.87 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{C}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
Thus, the magnitude of the electric field, in newtons per coulomb, at the location of qa in the figure is 32737.87 N/C.
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A car takes off at a speed of 45 m/s. How far will the car travel in 77 seconds
The car will travel 3465 meter in 77 seconds s with this uniform speed.
What is speed?Speed is distance travelled by the object per unit time. Due to having no direction and only having magnitude, speed is a scalar quantity With SI unit meter/second.
Uniform speed of the car = 45 m/s
Time interval of motion of the car = 77 seconds.
Hence, total distance travelled by the car = speed of the car × time interval
= 45 m/s × 77 seconds
= 3465 meter.
Therefore, the car will travel 3465 meter in 77 seconds with this uniform speed.
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An Atwood machine is constructed using two
wheels (with the masses concentrated at the
rims). The left wheel has a mass of 2 kg and
radius 23.1 cm. The right wheel has a mass of
2.1 kg and radius 30.77 cm. The hanging mass
on the left is 2 kg and on the right 1.69 kg.
Answer:ruedas (con las masas concentradas en las llantas). La rueda izquierda tiene una masa de 2 kg y un radio de 23,1 cm. La rueda derecha tiene una masa de 2,1 kg y un radio de 30,77 cm. La masa colgante de la izquierda es de 2 kg y la de la derecha de 1,69 kg.
Explanation:
▾ Part A
Calculate the quantity of heat absorbed by 50 g of water that warms from 30°C to 90°C.
Express your answer in calories.
* Q = ___ cal
The quantity of heat absorbed by 50 g of water that warms from 30°C to 90°C is 12552J.
How to calculate heat energy?The amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance can be calculated by using the following formula;
Q = mc∆T
Where;
Q = quantity of heat absorbed or released (J)m = massc = specific heat capacity∆T = change in temperatureAccording to this question, 50g of water warms from 30°C to 90°C. The quantity of heat absorbed is as follows:
Q = 50 × 4.184 × {90°C - 30°C}
Q = 209.2 × 60
Q = 12552J
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A man pushes a lawn mower on a level lawn with a force of 186 N. If 26% of the force is directed horizontally, how much work is done by the man in pushing the mower 6.5 m?
Answer:
Work = 1243.17 J
Explanation:
Work = Force × Distance × Cosine (Angle)
Work = 186 N x 6.5 m x Cosine (26°)
Work = 186 N x 6.5 m x 0.906
Work = 1243.17 J
An ideal gas is compressed at constant pressure to one-half its initial volume. If the pressure of the gas is 120 kPa, and 760 J of work is done on it, find the initial volume of the gas.
The work done on the gas can be calculated using the equation: W = -PΔV, where W is the work done, P is the pressure, and ΔV is the change in volume. so the initial volume of gas is [tex]12.67 m^{3}[/tex]
For the given conditions, the work done is 760 J, the pressure is 120 kPa, and the change in volume is -1/2 the initial volume, so:
760 = -120 kPa * (V_initial / 2)
Expanding the right side of the equation:
760 = -60 kPa * V_initial
Dividing both sides by -60 kPa:
V_initial = [tex]760 / (-60 kPa) = 12.67 m^3[/tex]
So the initial volume of the gas is [tex]12.67 m^3.[/tex]
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A thin layer of liquid with thickness h has a laminar velocity profile of u=Uo(2yh−y2h2) where Uo is the surface velocity and y is the distance from the wall along the thickness of the liquid. If the liquid thickness is 0.5 in and the flow rate per foot of channel is 1.25 gal/min, determine the surface velocity Uo
The surface velocity is approximately 2.07 m/s.
The average velocity of the liquid flow per unit depth,
Q/A = 1.25 [gal/min]/[1 ft x 0.5 in x (1/12) ft/in] = 10 [ft/min]
where Q is the flow rate and A is the cross-sectional area of the channel.
Use the laminar velocity profile to determine the velocity at the center of the channel (y=0),
u(y=0) = Uo(2(0) - 0^2)/(2h) = 0
Since there is no slip at the wall, the velocity at y=h/2,
u(y=h/2) = Uo(2(h/2) - (h/2)^2)/(h)
= Uo(2-h/2)
= 2Uo - Uh/2
Equating this to the average velocity,
2Uo - Uh/2 = 10 [ft/min]
Solving for Uo = (10 + Uh/2)/2
Uh = Ahu(y=h/2) = AhUo(2-h/2)/(h) = A*Uo(2-h/2)
Substituting A = 1 [ft^2] and h = 0.5 [in] = 0.042 [ft], we get:
Uh = Uo(2-0.042/2) = 0.979Uo
Uo = (10 + 0.979Uo/2)/2
Uo = 6.8 [ft/min] or 2.07 [m/s]
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What are centripetal acceleration and centripetal force?derive their equations.
The acceleration in uniform circular motion is centripetal acceleration. a c =v 2 /r or a c =rω 2 where v is linear velocity, ⍵ is angular velocity, and r is radius of curvature. Then centripetal force formula of linear velocity is given by: F c =m v 2 /r.
Determine the number of cubic feet of air per minute required to cool a room having a sensible heat gain of 4500 btu per hour to a temperature of 78 F dry bulb, if the air enters the room at a temperature of 63 F and the outside temperature is 93F
It is given that, the heat gained is 4500 btu per hour. The temperature difference here is 30 F and the specific heat of air is 0.24 btu/lb°F. Then the cubic feet of air per minute is 138.8 CFM.
What is sensible heat transfer ?The sensible heat transfer in a system can be calculated using the equation below:
q = CFM × 1.08 ×ΔT
q = CFM x 0.075 lb/ft3 x 60 min/hour x 0.24 btu/lb°F x ∆T
where, 0.24 btu/lb°F is the specific heat of the dry air.
Given that q = 4500 btu/hour.
temperature difference = 93 F - 63 F.
Then 4500 btu/hr = CFM × 1.08 × 30 F
CFM of air = 4500 btu/hr /(1.08 × 30 F ) = 138.8 CFM.
There for the number of cubic feat of air per minute is 138.8.
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A substance with stronger molecular attraction will evaporate at a higher/lower temperature because it requires more/less energy to be ADDED to overcome attraction between the molecules.
A phase change occurs when the kinetic energy increases/decrease enough so that the attraction between molecules pulls them together.
A substance with weaker molecular attraction will freeze at a higher/lower temperature because it requires more/less energy to be TAKEN OUT before the attraction pulls the molecules together.
Select the correct words in each sentence. :)
A substance with stronger molecular attraction will evaporate at a higher temperature because it requires more energy to be ADDED to overcome attraction between the molecules.
What is phase change?A phase change is when matter shifts from one state (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) to another. These transitions take place when the system receives enough energy or loses enough energy, as well as when the pressure on the system is altered.
A phase change occurs when the kinetic energy decreases enough so that the attraction between molecules pulls them together.
A substance with weaker molecular attraction will freeze at a higher temperature because it requires more energy to be TAKEN OUT before the attraction pulls the molecules together.
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suppose that two runners run a 100-meter dash, but the first runner reaches maximum speed more quickly than the second runner. both runners maintain constant speed once they have reached their maximum speed and cross the finish line at the same time. which runner has the larger maximum speed
The runner who reaches their maximum speed more quickly has the larger maximum speed. In a 100-meter dash, reaching maximum speed more quickly generally indicates a higher level of acceleration, which is related to maximum speed.
The runner who reaches their maximum speed more slowly may have a longer time to build up speed, but once both runners have reached their maximum speed, they are both running at the same speed.
So, the runner who reached maximum speed more quickly will have had a higher maximum speed.
Speed is known as the rate of change of position of an object in any direction. Speed is calculated as the ratio of distance to the time in which the distance was covered.
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I know the answer but can someone please, please explain?
Two blocks are on a frictionless surface and have the same mass m. Block 2 is initially
at rest. Block 1 moves to the left with speed 4v. Block 1 collides elastically with block 2.
What is the final speed of block 1?
The answer is 0 and I cannot for the life of me figure out why.
Answer:
Explanation:
The only explanation I can think of is this:
Block 1 is moving to the left and strikes Block 2, which is at rest. 100% of the momentum of Block 1 transfers to Block 2. So Block 2 now moves to the left at 4 m/s (you didn't specify a unit) and Block 1 comes to a complete stop and is now at rest.
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. What procedure is necessary when a person does not have a heartbeat? Martin, a caregiver, finds five-year-old Jessa unconscious and not breathing, Martin performs CPR balance Jessa's body fluids start Jessa's lungs manually circulate Jessa's blood and keep oxygen flowing Reset Next to help
Answer:
need points srr
Explanation:
put the parts or regions of the neuron in order from the direction of where a stimulus is first received to where a response stimulus is conducted.
In sequence from the position of where a stimulation is initially absorbed to whether a reply stimulus is conducted, dendrites, cell body and soma, axon hillock, axon, and synaptic terminal sections or areas of the neuron.
Describe dendrites.Dendrites are extensions made to receive messages from nearby cells. They appear to have a tree-like shape because they produce projections that are activated by numerous other neurons and carry the electromagnetic gradient to the neurone.
What are the functions of dendrites?Dendrites receive impulses from numerous other neurons and pass them on to the nerve cell. If a neuron is sufficiently active, it will emit an electrical impulses, an electrical impulse that excites additional neurons. Huge networks of these neurons are set up, and they communicate among themselves in order to create ideas and actions.
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show that the distance d between adjacent planes of index number hkl is given in terms of the cube ha by d= a/(h2 +u2+l2)1/2
To show that the adjacent planes is gin terms of the cube by d= a/(h2 +u2+l2)1/2, we have to fully analyse it. Therefore, let's go straight to the explanation.
Distance equationThe distance "d" between adjacent planes in a crystal lattice is given by the equation:
d = a / (h^2 + k^2 + l^2)^(1/2)
where "a" is the lattice parameter (length of one side of the unit cell) and (h,k,l) are the indices of the crystal plane. The indices specify the orientation of the plane in the crystal lattice and are related to the Miller indices of the plane.
The equation shows that the distance between the planes is inversely proportional to the square root of the sum of the squares of the indices.
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A person jumps off a diving board 4.1 mm above the water's surface into a deep pool. The person's downward motion stops 2.3 mm below the surface of the water. Estimate the average deceleration of the person while under the water.
The average deceleration of the person while underwater can be estimated as 875 m/s².
To calculate the average deceleration, we need to find the change in velocity over the change in time. The change in velocity can be calculated as the initial velocity (which is assumed to be zero) minus the final velocity, which is the velocity just before the person stops moving downward. The change in time can be found by subtracting the starting height from the stopping height.
Starting height = 4.1 mm = 4.1 × 10⁻³ m
Stopping height = 2.3 mm = 2.3 × 10⁻³ m
Change in velocity = final velocity - initial velocity
Change in velocity = 0 m/s - (-√(2gh))
Change in velocity = √(2gh)
where g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²) and h is the height (4.1 mm)
Change in velocity = √(2 × 9.8 × 4.1 × 10⁻³)
Change in velocity = √(79.26 × 10⁻³) = 8.9 m/s
Change in time = final time - initial time
Change in time = 0 s - (stopping height - starting height)
Change in time = (starting height - stopping height)
Change in time = 4.1 × 10⁻³ - 2.3 × 10⁻³ = 1.8 × 10⁻³ s
Change in time = 1.8 × 10⁻³ s
Average deceleration = change in velocity / change in time
Average deceleration = √(2 × 9.8 × 4.1 × 10⁻³) / (h2 - h1)
Average deceleration = 8.9 / (1.8 × 10⁻³)
Average deceleration = 875 m/s²
Therefore, the average deceleration is estimated at 875 m/s².
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Compute the density in g/cm³ of a piece of metal that has a mass of 0.470 kg and a volume of 77 cm³.
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The density of the metal is determined as 6.1 g / cm³.
What is the density of the metal?
The density of the metal is defined as the ratio of the mass per unit volume of the metal.
Mathematically, the formula for density is given as;
ρ = m / V
where;
m is the mass of the metalV is the volume of the metalThe density of the metal is calculated as follows;
ρ = ( 0.47 kg x 1000 g/kg ) / ( 77 cm³ )
ρ = 6.1 g / cm³
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show that, according to the distortion-energy criterion, the yield stress in plane strain is 1.15y, where y is the uniaxial yield stress of the material.
The value of Ey is greater than 1, it follows that:
σ = y * √(Ey / 1) > y
According to the distortion-energy criterion, the yield stress in plane strain is greater than the uniaxial yield stress, and is typically taken as 1.15y, where y is the uniaxial yield stress of the material.
Yield Stress for Plane StrainThe distortion-energy criterion, also known as the Hill's criterion, states that the yield of a material occurs when the elastic distortion energy stored in the material is equal to the energy required to produce the yielding by plastic flow.
In plane strain conditions, the yield stress can be calculated as follows:
The elastic distortion energy stored in a material can be expressed as:U = 0.5 * σ_ij * ε_ij
Where U is the elastic distortion energy, σ_ij is the stress tensor and ε_ij is the strain tensor.
For uniaxial loading, the stress-strain relationship is given by:σ = Ey * ε
Where σ is the uniaxial stress, Ey is the Young's modulus and ε is the uniaxial strain.
Substituting the above expression for stress into the distortion energy equation, we get:U = 0.5 * Ey * ε^2
The energy required to produce the yielding by plastic flow can be expressed as:W = 0.5 * y * ε_p^2
Where W is the energy required for yielding, y is the uniaxial yield stress and ε_p is the plastic strain.
Equating the elastic distortion energy and the energy required for yielding, we get:0.5 * Ey * ε^2 = 0.5 * y * ε_p^2
Dividing both sides by 0.5 * ε^2, we get:Ey = y * ε_p^2 / ε^2
Substituting the definition of the uniaxial strain, we get:Ey = y * ε_p^2 / (ε/Ey)^2
Simplifying the above expression, we get:Ey = y * ε_p^2 * Ey^2 / ε^2
Finally, dividing both sides by Ey, we get:1 = y * ε_p^2 / ε^2
Rearranging, we get:ε^2 = y * ε_p^2 / 1
Taking the square root of both sides, we get:ε = √(y * ε_p^2 / 1)
Since ε = σ/Ey, substituting the uniaxial stress-strain relationship, we get:σ/Ey = √(y * ε_p^2 / 1)
Multiplying both sides by Ey, we get:σ = Ey * √(y * ε_p^2 / 1)
Finally, substituting the value of Ey, we get:σ = y * √(Ey / 1)
Since the value of Ey is greater than 1, it follows that:σ = y * √(Ey / 1) > y
Therefore, according to the distortion-energy criterion, the yield stress in plane strain is greater than the uniaxial yield stress, and is typically taken as 1.15y, where y is the uniaxial yield stress of the material.
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