A chemical reaction's rate law defines the link between the reaction rate and the concentrations of the reactants. Experiments using varied amounts of reactants and monitoring.
the related reaction rate can be used to estimate the rate law. The rate law must first be defined before the rate constant can be calculated. This is commonly accomplished by doing experiments at various doses of reactants and monitoring the reaction rate. The rate law may then be calculated by fitting the experimental data to an equation like this: rate = k * [Am * Bn] where k denotes the rate constant, [A] and [B] denote the reactant concentrations, and m and n denote the reaction orders with respect to each reactant. A chemical reaction's rate law defines the link between the reaction rate and the concentrations of the reactants. Experiments using varied amounts of reactants and monitoring.
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PLEASE HELP If somebody can, i really don’t know how to do this and i’m stuck. 30 points on brainly. Project: Modeling energy changes. In this assignment you will write and balance a chemical equation then you will use a table of enthalpy values to calculate the energy change in the reaction next year will create a model of the energy change in the reaction finally you’ll write an explanation that describes the energy change in the reaction.
Answer:i t sounds like after you calculate the energy and Change reactions wait a year then check whatb happen and then turn it in
Explanation:
What is the Lewis dot diagram for carbon?
Lewis dot structure is given in photo .
What is lewis dot structure ?
A Lewis point structure is a type of diagram used to show the distribution of electrons within a molecule or ion. This structure was first introduced in 1916 by chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. The structure consists of dots representing electrons surrounding the chemical symbols of the atoms in the molecule, indicating the number of bonds each atom can form. The dots are placed in pairs around the element symbol and represent the valence electrons (the electrons at the outermost energy level) of that element. The number of valence electrons of an element can be obtained from the periodic table.
Lewis point structures are used to predict the number and type of bonds that form between atoms in a molecule and to predict the shape of the molecule. By connecting the points of different elements in a molecule, the lewis structure can be used to determine the bond order, or the number of bonds between two atoms. Information about bond order, combined with the arrangement of atoms in space, can be used to determine the molecular structure of a molecule.
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8. How many moles of a substance are present in a 1.45 L container at 26.0°C and 501 torr?
the following three peptides are subjected to anion-exchange chromatography at ph 7.5 using a nacl gradient to elute the peptides. there are no disulfide bridges. what is the charge of each peptide at ph 7.4 and in what order will they elute from the column? use tables on website to find the aa pka values. (1) marker (2) saddle (3) cracked
The charge of each peptide at ph 7.4 and in what order will they elute from the column are: 1. Marker: The charge of Marker at pH 7.4 will be +2, as the amino acids in the peptide are all positively charged at this pH.
What is peptide?
A peptide is a short chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Peptides are an important class of biological molecules that are involved in many essential processes in the body, including metabolism, immune system regulation, and the transmission of signals within cells. Peptides are found in proteins and can also be synthesized artificially for therapeutic purposes, such as for the treatment of certain diseases.
2. Saddle: The charge of Saddle at pH 7.4 will be +1, as the positively charged amino acids are partially neutralized by the negatively charged amino acids in the peptide. Saddle will elute second because it has a lower charge than Marker.
3. Cracked: The charge of Cracked at pH 7.4 will be 0, as the positively charged amino acids are completely neutralized by the negatively charged amino acids in the peptide. Cracked will elute last because it has the lowest charge.
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Which molecule is NOT a constitutional isomer of cyclobutane? A. Molecule A B. Molecule B C. Molecule D . Molecule C
Molecule which is not a constitutional isomer of Cyclobutane is : A. Molecule A.
What is meant by isomers?In chemistry, isomers are molecules with identical molecular formulae, that is the same number of atoms of each element but distinct arrangements of atoms in the space. Isomerism is the existence or possibility of isomers and isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or the physical properties.
Isomers are compounds that have exactly the same empirical formula, but differ from each other by the way in which atoms are arranged. Examples of isomers with the formula of C8H10 are ethyl benzene, m-xylene, p-xylene and o-xylene.
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1.2 mol Zn and 5.5 mol HCl react according
to the equation
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂.
If the limiting reactant is Zn, calculate the
amount of ZnCl₂ formed.
Answer in units of mol. Answer in units of
mol.
outs
porad
mol.
******
002 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Calculate the amount of H2₂ formed.
Answer in units of mol.
If 1.2 mol Zn and 5.5 mol HCl combine, with Zn acting as the limiting reactant, 1.2 mol ZnCl2 and 1.2 mol H2 resulting from the reaction.
How do you determine a reaction's limiting rate?By dividing the volume of each solution by its molarity, you can get the number of moles of each reactant. By dividing the number of moles of each reactant by its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation, you may determine which reactant is the limiting one.
Reaction stoichiometry
The balanced reaction is:
Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
Zn: 1 mole
HCl: 2 moles
ZnCl₂: 1 mole
H₂: 1 mole
moles of ZnCl₂= (1.2 moles of Zn× 1 mole of ZnCl₂)÷ 1 mole of Zn
moles of ZnCl₂= 1.2 moles
moles of H₂= (1.2 moles of Zn× 1 mole of H₂)÷ 1 mole of Zn
moles of H₂= 1.2 moles
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You make a solution using a solute(5g) in water (total volume 100ml). The molar mass of the solute is 110 g/mol.
What is the molarity?
What is the concentration reported as % by mass?
The molarity of a solution is 0.045 mol/L and the he concentration reported as % by mass is 5%.
The molarity of a solution can be calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. To find the number of moles, divide the mass of the solute (5 g) by its molar mass (110 g/mol).
Molarity = (number of moles of solute) / (volume of solution in liters)
= (5 g / 110 g/mol) / (100 ml / 1000 ml/L)
= 0.045 mol/L
The concentration of the solution can also be reported as a percentage by mass, which is simply the ratio of the mass of solute to the mass of the solution multiplied by 100.
% by mass = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100
= (5 g / (5 g + 95 g)) × 100
= 5%
So, the molarity of the solution is 0.045 M and its concentration is reported as 5% by mass.
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which roman emperor infamously split the empire in two?
Emperor Diocletian infamously split roman empire in two, Western and Eastern Empire.
To order to consolidate the empire, Emperor Diocletian divided Rome into two halves in 286 CE. Rome continued to be divided for another 100 years before becoming The Western Empire and The Eastern Empire in 395. This divide permanently altered Roman society and governance.
There were similarities and distinctions between the Eastern and Western Empires. Both of them adored Roman history and identified as Romans. Although they had distinct governments, they had comparable structures and used some of the same laws. Their disparities, particularly those related to religion, language, and culture, widened throughout time.
While the Eastern Empire spoke Greek, the Western Empire spoke Latin. Roman Catholic and following classic Roman culture, the Western Empire. The Eastern Empire had a more varied culture that was influenced by many ethnicities, and it was controlled by the Eastern Orthodox religion. Barbarian tribes repeatedly attacked the Western Empire, which was eventually captured in 476 CE.
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A compound is found to contain 54.5% carbon, 9.1% hydrogen, and 36.4% oxygen.
Based on the percentage composition, it can be deduced that the compound is likely an organic molecule containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is the molecular weight of the compound if it contains 0.5 moles of oxygen?
To calculate the molecular weight of the compound if it contains 0.5 moles of oxygen, we need to first determine the atomic weight of each element present in the compound. The atomic weight of carbon is 12 g/mol, hydrogen is 1 g/mol, and oxygen is 16 g/mol. Multiplying the number of moles of each element by its atomic weight, we can find the total weight of each element in the compound. For oxygen, this would be 16 g/mol * 0.5 moles = 8 g. Adding up the total weight of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, we can determine the molecular weight of the compound. The large presence of carbon suggests that it is a hydrocarbon or a derivative of a hydrocarbon, while the presence of oxygen suggests it is an organic compound.
Further analysis and testing would be necessary to determine the exact structure and identity of the compound.
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Complete question
A compound is found to contain 54.5% carbon, 9.1% hydrogen, and 36.4% oxygen. Determine the simplest formula.
What is Sodium Chloride name?
Sodium chloride, or salt, is a chemical compound made up of sodium and chlorine.
Whatare the important facts about Sodium chloride?
Sodium Chloride, also known as salt, is a chemical compound composed of sodium and chlorine. It is a white crystalline substance that is essential for life and widely used for various purposes such as seasoning food, preserving food, and de-icing roads.
Salt occurs naturally in seawater and in mineral deposits. In its pure form, it is colorless, odorless, and has a salty taste. Sodium Chloride is also used in various industrial processes such as in the production of chlorine and caustic soda, as a raw material for the manufacture of other chemicals, and in water treatment to remove impurities.
It is an ionic compound that dissolves in water to form positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-).
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if 50.0 ml of distilled water is added to 50.0 ml of 0.035 m hf(aq), will the percent ionization of hf(aq) in the solution increase, decrease, or remain the same? justify your answer with an explanation or calculation.
The percent ionization of the acid would remain the same since water is just a molecular substance and the ionization depends only on the kind or strength of acid present.
What is the percent ionization of acid?The percent ionization of an acid is the measure of the extent to which an acid dissociates or ionizes into its ions in a solution.
It is expressed as the percentage of the initial concentration of the acid that has ionized. The percent ionization of an acid depends on the strength of the acid, the concentration of the solution, and the temperature.
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a solution contains 4.90 g of solute in 11.3 g of solvent. what is the mass percent of the solute in the solution
The mass % of solute in the solution is 30.24 .
The total mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent
= 4.90 + 11.3
= 16.20
mass % of solute in the solution = [tex]\frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution } \ 100[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{4.90}{16.20 } \ 100[/tex]
= 30.24 %
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What is half-life definition chemistry?
Half-life is a term used in chemistry to describe the amount of time it takes for half of a substance to decay or undergo a chemical transformation.
What are compounds ?
A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. They differ from mixtures consisting of two or more substances physically mixed without chemical bonding. Compounds have their own physical and chemical properties that differ from those of individual elements. For example, the compound water (H2O) has different properties (boiling point, density, solubility, etc.) than its components hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).
Compounds are formed by chemical reactions in which atoms of different elements combine to form new substances. The formation of a compound can be represented by a chemical formula that indicates the type and number of atoms in the compound.
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the first iron ore deposits in rock appeared about 1.8 billion years ago. what took place to make this occur
The appearance of the first iron ore deposits in rock about 1.8 billion years ago was likely a result of a combination of geological and environmental processes.
Here are some of the factors that may have contributed to the formation of these iron ore deposits:
Volcanic activity: Volcanic eruptions can release iron-rich magma and ash that can form iron ore deposits.Weathering and erosion: Weathering and erosion of iron-rich rocks can release iron into water, which can then form iron ore deposits.Hydrothermal activity: Hot water moving through rocks can dissolve iron and other minerals, and then deposit these minerals when the water coolsBacterial activity: Some bacteria can produce iron minerals as a result of their metabolic processes.These processes, along with others, may have worked together to create the iron ore deposits that appeared 1.8 billion years ago.
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a solution where additional solute can be dissolved without outside stress.
When a solution can absorb more solute without the addition of external tension, it is said to be unsaturated.
As a result, a significant proportion of the solute can dissolve in the solvent to create a homogenous mixture, indicating that the solution has a high solubility for the solute.
The greatest concentration of solute that may dissolve in the solvent at a specific temperature and pressure is called the saturation point, and the concentration of the solute in an unsaturated solution is lower than this value. Up until the solution reaches its saturation point, any additional solute added to an unsaturated solution will dissolve easily. Beyond this limit, the solute will start to separate into a separate solid phase and start to precipitate out of the solution.
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what is the goncentration of a 180mosm nacl solution
The G% concentration of a 180mosm nacl solution is 5.56%.
This is calculated by dividing the molarity of the solution (180mosm) by the molecular weight of NaCl (58.44g/mol) and multiplying the result by 100. G% is a measure of the concentration of glucose in a liquid solution. It is expressed as a percentage, with 1 G% representing 1 gram of glucose per 100 milliliters of solution.This gives the solution a G% concentration of 5.56%.
molecular weight of NaCl is 58.44g/mol
molarity of the solution is 180 Osm
[tex]G=\frac{molarity of the solution}{molecular weight}*100[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{180mosm }{ 58.44g/mol }*100\\ = 5.56%[/tex]
G% =5.56 is the concentration of a 180m Osm nacl solution.
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when atoms of an element gain or lose neutrons, this changes the weight of the atom without affecting its chemical properties. except, atoms that gain or lose neutrons may become unstable and begin to breakup and become radioactive. what do we call atoms that differ only in their neutron count?
Answer: you call them isotopes
Explanation:
Rank the compounds in order of increasing numbers of atoms: (a) C12H22O12, (b) DNA, (c) Pb(C2H3O2)2.
The order of increasing numbers of atoms is:
(a) C12H22O12 < (b) DNA < (c) Pb(C2H3O2)2.
The number of atoms in a compound can be determined by counting the number of each element present in the compound and then summing these numbers. Using this method:
(a) C12H22O12: 12 Carbon atoms, 22 Hydrogen atoms, and 12 Oxygen atoms
(b) DNA: The number of atoms in DNA depends on the specific sequence and length of the molecule, so it is not possible to determine the number of atoms without more information.
(c) Pb(C2H3O2)2: 2 Lead atoms, 4 Carbon atoms, 6 Hydrogen atoms, and 4 Oxygen atoms.
So the order of increasing numbers of atoms is:
(a) C12H22O12 < (b) DNA < (c) Pb(C2H3O2)2.
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8-hydroxyquinoline and ortho-cresolphthalein complexone (cpc) reagent is commonly used in the determination of:
8-hydroxyquinoline and ortho-cresolphthalein complexone (cpc) reagent is commonly used in the determination of Calcium element.
The biological features of the 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives include antibiotic, antifungal, antitumor, and anticancer effects.
8-Hydroxyquinoline gives the phenol:chloroform it is added to a bright yellow colour, making it easier for the researcher to distinguish between the organic and aqueous phases during the nucleic acid purification procedure.
O-cresolphthalein complexone (CPC) and calcium combine to generate a purple complex in an alkaline solution. 8-hydroxyquinoline is used to reduce interference with magnesium ions. The calcium content of the sample is directly inversely proportional to the complex's colour intensity, which is assessed.
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precision is defined as how _____ the measured values are to one another.
Precision is defined as how reproducible the measured values are to one another.
In the fields of science and engineering, the accuracy of a measurement system is defined as the degree of closeness of measurements of a quantity to that quantity's true value. The precision of a measurement system is related to reproducibility and repeatability, and defined as the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results.
Although it is correct that the two words precision and accuracy can be synonymous in colloquial use, but they are deliberately contrasted in the context of the scientific method.
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Which choice gives the correctly
balanced equation for this reaction?
CuSO4 (aq) + NH₂OH(aq) →
Cu(OH)2 (s) + (NH4)2SO4 (aq)
A. CuSO4 + NH4OH → Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4
B. CuSO4 + 2NH₂OH → Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)₂SO4
C. 2CuSO4 + 4NH₂OH- 2Cu(OH)₂ + 2(NH4)2SO4
D. CuSO4 + (NH4)2(OH)2
Cu(OH)₂ + (NH4)₂SO4
Answer:
cuso4+(NH4)2(OH)2-cu(OH)+(NH4)2SO4
you then mix 2.51 grams of Na2CO3 with 50.00 grams of 1.00m HCL. The two react to form aqueous NaCl water, and carbon dioxide. The initial temperature was 21.6o C and temperature at the end of the reaction was 25.3o C. Assume that the density of HCl is 1.00g/mL. Wite the balanced reaction
In the reaction between 2 moles of Na2CO3 and 6 moles of HCl, 2 moles of NaCl, 3 moles of water, and 2 moles of carbon dioxide are produced.
The balanced chemical equation is 2 Na2CO3 + 6 HCl 2 NaCl + 3 H2O + 2 CO2 for the reaction between sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl).
In this reaction, 2 moles of Na2CO3 and 6 moles of HCl combine to produce 2 moles of NaCl, 3 moles of water, and 2 moles of carbon dioxide.
The burning of fossil fuels, the respiration of living things, as well as a number of other natural processes all result in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2), an odourless and colourless gas. Although it is a naturally occurring part of the Earth's atmosphere, excessive levels brought on by human activities like the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation.
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The simulation opens on the tab labeled Bar Magnet. It shows a magnetic compass and a bar magnet. Move the compass next to each end of the magnet. How do the poles of the compass needle interact with the bar magnet’s south (S) and north (N) poles?
The earth is a magnet and thus attracts the metallic needle of the compass b the magnetic needle of the compass aligns itself with the Earth's magnetic field C The Earth's south pole lacks.
Why does bar magnet always point in north direction?Because the earth behaves like a magnet, with its south pole in the geographical north and the north pole in the geographical south, a freely suspended magnet points north-south.
Because the compass needle's north seeking pole is always drawn to the north, the earth must be like a massive magnet with a magnetic pole at each end.
Thus, This is true, but magnetic north differs slightly from the earth's north axis of rotation.
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Answer the following questions about the solubility of AgCl(s). The value of Ksp for AgCl(s) is 1. 8 × 10−10.
a. Calculate the value of [Ag+] in a saturated solution of AgCl in distilled water.
b. The concentration of Cl−(aq) in seawater is 0. 54 M.
i. Calculate the molar solubility of AgCl(s) in seawater.
ii. Explain why AgCl(s) is less soluble in seawater than in distilled water
(a) The value of [Ag+] in a saturated solution of AgCl in distilled water (the value of Ksp for AgCl(s) is 1. 8 × 10⁻¹⁰) = 1.3 x 10⁻⁵ M
(b) The concentration of Cl−(aq) in seawater is 0. 54 M = 3.3 x 10⁻¹⁰ M
(c) The molar solubility of AgCl(s) in seawater = 1.8 x 10⁻⁹mol/ L
(d) The common ion shift has made the Cl ion less soluble in seawater. The solubility of the AgCl has been impacted by the equilibrium shift caused by the Cl ion's presence in seawater.
The product of the reactant concentrations can be used to get the solubility product constant for the reaction.
The Ag ions and the Cl ions were the reactants in AgCl.
(a)
The constancy of the solubility product:
Ksp = Ag⁺ + Cl⁻
Ag and Cl are both equally concentrated in the equilibrium. So, let x be the combined concentration of Ag and Cl.
1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ = x²
x = [tex]\sqrt{(1.8)(10^{-10)} }[/tex]
= 1.3 x 10⁻⁵ M
(b)
When the Cl ion initial concentration is 0.54 M.
AgCl Ag Cl
I x 0 0.54
C -b +b +b
E x - b b 0.54 + b
You can determine the molar solubility by:
Ksp = Ag⁺ + Cl⁻
= b x 0.54 + b
= 0.54 + b²
1. 8 × 10⁻¹⁰ = 0.54 + b²
b = 3.3 x 10⁻¹⁰ M
(c)
The molar solubility of AgCl(s) in seawater:
Ksp = {[Ag⁺ ][Cl⁻] = [Ag⁺]
Ksp = (1.8 x 10⁻¹⁰ /(0.1)
= 1.8 x 10⁻⁹mol/ L
(d) The common ion shift has made the Cl ion less soluble in seawater. The solubility of the AgCl has been impacted by the equilibrium shift caused by the Cl ion's presence in seawater.
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Write the chemical formula aluminium oxide.
We need 2 aluminium atoms and 3 oxygens to even out the charges and render the combination neutral because a compound's total charge must always equal zero (neutral).
How do you define a chemical formula?Each constituent element in a chemical formula is identified by its chemical symbol, along with the relative number of atoms that make up each element. These ratios are used in empirical equations to start with a crucial aspect and then allocate atom counts for the remaining components of the mixture in relation to the principal element.
what is it Ammonium oxide?Planar chains of alternately arranged ammonia и water molecules are joined together in ammonium oxide by intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the OH... N and N-H O types. The chains are interconnected.
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Consider the following general equation for a chemical reaction. A(g) +B(g) → C(g) +D(9) AM° reaction=-10 kJ (a) Describe the two factors that determine whether an effective collision between molecules of A and B results in a reaction. (b) How would a decrease in temperature affect the rate of the reaction shown above? Explain your answer. (c) Write the rate law expression that would result if the reaction proceeded by the mechanism shown below A+B → [AB] (fast) [AB] + 8C+D (slow) (d) Explain why a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction but does not change the value of the equilibrium constant for that reaction.
(i) The colliding molecules should have energy equal to or greater than activation energy.
(ii) The colliding molecules should have proper orientation.
If the colliding reactant molecules have energy less than activation energy, then the collision will NOT be an effective collision
What is energy?
Scientists find energy as the ability to do work. Modern civilization is possible because humans have learned to change energy from one form to another and then use it to do work.To know more about energy, click the link given below:
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(a) The two factors that determine whether an effective collision between molecules of A and B results in a reaction are the energy of the collision and the orientation of the molecules in the collision.
What is collision?
Collision is an event in which two or more objects or particles come into contact with each other. Collisions occur in everyday life and are a fundamental part of physics. Collisions can be elastic or inelastic, depending on the energy of the objects involved.
(b) A decrease in temperature would decrease the rate of the reaction shown above because it would decrease the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
(c) The rate law expression that would result if the reaction proceeded by the mechanism shown below A+B → [AB] (fast) [AB] + 8C+D (slow) is: Rate = k[A][B].
(d) A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier, making it easier for the molecules to react. However, the catalyst does not change the value of the equilibrium constant for that reaction because it does not affect the thermodynamic properties of the reaction.
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how much energy is needed to convert 50.4 grams of ice at 0.00°c to water at 81.4°c? _______ j how to do it
21 KJ energy is needed to convert 50.4 grams of ice at 0.00°c to water at 81.4°c
During the given process, initially, the ice at 0°C will convert to water. In the second step, the temperature of the water raises from 0°C to 100°C. In the final step, water is converted to steam at 81.4°c.
This suggests that the given conversion occurs in 2 steps.
The energy required for the overall conversion will be the sum of energy required for the three steps.
Step 1 is the melting of ice. The energy required for this process can be calculated as follows-
Q₁ = ΔHfus×m
Here, ΔHfus = 0.333 kJ/g
m = mass = 50.4 g
This suggests that-
Q₁ = 0.333 kJ/g ×50.4g = 16.7kJ
The energy required to raise the temperature of the water from 0°C to 100°C can be calculated as follows-
Q₂ = mcΔT
Here, m = 50.4 g
c = specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/g ºC
ΔT = 100 ºC - 0 ºC = 100 ºC
Hence,
Q₂ = 50.4 g × 4.18 J/g ºC × 100 ºC = 21067 J= 21 kJ.
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What is the chemical formula for hydrogen gas? How is it determined?
H2 is the chemical formula for hydrogen gas .
What are compounds ?
A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. They differ from mixtures consisting of two or more substances physically mixed without chemical bonding. Compounds have their own physical and chemical properties that differ from those of individual elements. For example, the compound water (H2O) has different properties (boiling point, density, solubility, etc.) than its components hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).
Compounds are formed by chemical reactions in which atoms of different elements combine to form new substances. The formation of a compound can be represented by a chemical formula that indicates the type and number of atoms in the compound.
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How do you calculate the atomic mass of carbon?
The atomic mass of carbon is calculated by adding up the mass of its three naturally-occurring isotopes: 12C (12.00000 amu), 13C (13.00335 amu), and 14C (14.00324 amu).
The relative abundance of each isotope is used to calculate the average atomic mass of carbon. The average atomic mass of carbon is 12.0107 amu.
What is isotope?
Isotope is a type of atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. This causes them to have different atomic masses and different physical properties. Isotopes of the same element often have different natural abundances and are used in a variety of fields including nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and radiotherapy. They can also be used to date objects and measure the ages of geological materials.
Therefore,The atomic mass of carbon is calculated by adding up the mass of its three naturally-occurring isotopes: 12C (12.00000 amu), 13C (13.00335 amu), and 14C (14.00324 amu).
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the diaxial conformation of cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane is 23 kj mole-1 les stable than the diequatorial conformation. why is this value larger than twice the steric strain of an axial methyl group? select a correct explanation.
The diaxial conformation of cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane is 23 kJ/mole less stable than the diequatorial conformation. This value is larger than twice the steric strain of an axial methyl group because the two methyl groups in the diaxial conformation have an additional gauche interaction.
This gauche interaction is a type of steric strain that occurs when two atoms or groups of atoms are too close to each other in space. In addition, the two methyl groups also have a 1,3-diaxial interaction with a common H group, which also contributes to the overall steric strain. The diequatorial conformation, on the other hand, has no gauche interactions and is thus more energetically favorable than the diaxial conformation.
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