tests of cognitive ability are most frequently criticized for being ________.

The Roberts Apperception Test is an example of "projective" assessments used with child clients. Projective assessments involve presenting ambiguous stimuli, such as pictures or scenes, and asking the child to create a story or provide an interpretation.

The Roberts Apperception Test consists of a series of picture cards, and the child is asked to tell a story based on each picture. The test aims to uncover the child's thoughts, feelings, and conflicts through their narrative responses.

Projective assessments like the Roberts Apperception Test allow psychologists to gain insights into the child's unconscious or underlying emotions and motivations. By analyzing the themes, characters, and conflicts in their stories, psychologists can better understand the child's perception of themselves and their experiences.

It's important to note that projective assessments have both strengths and limitations, and their interpretation requires expertise and caution. They provide valuable qualitative information but may not have the same level of reliability and validity as more structured, objective assessments.

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An alternative to traditional literature reviews for comparing a large number of studies in a research area is a systematic review or a meta-analysis.

A traditional literature review involves a qualitative synthesis of existing studies on a particular research topic. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of knowledge in the field by summarizing and analyzing the findings of individual studies. However, when dealing with a large number of studies, a traditional literature review may become time-consuming and subjective.

In such cases, researchers often opt for a systematic review or a meta-analysis as alternative approaches. A systematic review follows a rigorous and transparent process to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant studies.

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One of David Buss's predictions about patterns of human mate preferences is the concept of sexual selection.

According to Buss, individuals will have evolved psychological mechanisms that guide their mate preferences in ways that increase their reproductive success. This includes preferences for traits that are associated with reproductive fitness, such as physical attractiveness, youthfulness, health, and resources.

Buss suggests that these preferences are rooted in evolutionary biology and serve the purpose of maximizing an individual's reproductive success and the survival of their offspring.

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To be most effective, a commitment response should be made as soon as possible after making a commitment or setting a goal.

Promptly following through with a commitment response helps solidify one's dedication and increases the likelihood of following through with the intended action.

Delaying or procrastinating the commitment response can lead to decreased motivation, increased opportunities for distractions, and a higher chance of forgetting or changing one's mind. By responding promptly, individuals demonstrate their commitment and establish a clear intention to take action.

Furthermore, making a commitment response early allows for better planning, organization, and allocation of resources, which can contribute to successful goal achievement. It provides a sense of accountability and sets a positive tone for carrying out the commitment.

In summary, to maximize effectiveness, it is advisable to make a commitment response promptly after setting a goal or making a commitment. Taking immediate action helps maintain focus, commitment, and momentum towards achieving the desired outcome.

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True. Cross-culturally, domestic activities tend to earn higher prestige than public activities, especially in stratified societies.

In many cultures, traditional gender roles assign women to domestic tasks, such as caregiving, cooking, and housekeeping, while men are typically associated with public activities like work, politics, and leadership positions. This division of labor often results in domestic activities being devalued and considered less prestigious than public activities. Stratified societies, where social hierarchies exist, further reinforce this pattern, as power and prestige tend to be concentrated in public roles and occupations.

However, it is important to note that these patterns can vary across cultures and are influenced by historical, social, and cultural contexts. Increasingly, efforts are being made to challenge and redefine these traditional gender roles and value systems to promote equality and recognize the importance of all types of work.

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When a politician makes a speech that is televised and transmitted live, the first people to hear his words are typically the audience that is physically present at the event where the speech is being given.

This audience could include members of the press, political supporters, or other invited guests.

However, in today's digital age, the reach of a live televised speech goes far beyond the immediate audience. The speech is simultaneously transmitted through various media outlets including television, radio, and online streaming platforms.

Therefore, people all over the world can hear the politician's words at the same time as the live audience.

Additionally, there are individuals and organizations that specialize in monitoring live events and speeches in real-time. These groups may transcribe or record the speech as it happens, making it available for anyone to access online or through other means shortly after it has been delivered.

Overall, while the live audience may be the first to physically hear the politician's words, the reach of a live televised speech extends far beyond the event itself, making it accessible to a much wider audience almost instantaneously.

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When a politician makes a speech that is televised and transmitted live, the people who hear their words first are typically the audience who are physically present at the event where the speech is being delivered.

The speech may also be simultaneously broadcast on radio or streamed live online, allowing a wider audience to hear the speech as it happens. However, there may be some delay or variation in the timing of the broadcast depending on factors such as the location of the broadcast, the technology being used, and any potential technical difficulties.

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Research on mice bred to be genetically fat showed that when they were injected with leptin, their appetite and food intake decreased.

Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps regulate body weight and appetite. In genetically obese mice, there is often a deficiency or resistance to leptin, which can contribute to increased food intake and weight gain.

However, when these mice were given exogenous leptin through injections, it helped to regulate their appetite, leading to a decrease in food intake. This demonstrated the potential role of leptin in controlling and modulating appetite and energy balance in mice. It is important to note that the effects of leptin can vary depending on individual genetic factors and overall physiological conditions.

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It is True that the tendency for stereotype-confirming thoughts to spontaneously and unconsciously through our minds is called cultural racism.

The tendency for stereotype-confirming thoughts to spontaneously and unconsciously through our minds is actually referred to as implicit bias, and it can lead to cultural racism.

Implicit bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner. These biases are often based on social categories such as race, gender, age, religion, and sexual orientation, and can influence how we perceive and interact with others.

Cultural racism, on the other hand, refers to the ways in which societal norms and values perpetuate racism and discrimination against individuals or groups based on their cultural background.

It is the result of historical, social, economic, and political factors that lead to the marginalization and oppression of certain groups.

Implicit biases can contribute to cultural racism by reinforcing and perpetuating stereotypes about different cultures. For example, if someone has an implicit bias against a particular racial group, they may be more likely to view members of that group as untrustworthy, aggressive, or lazy.

These biases can influence their behavior towards individuals of that group, leading to discriminatory practices. It is important to recognize and address implicit biases in ourselves and in our society to combat cultural racism.

This can involve actively challenging our own assumptions and stereotypes, and advocating for social policies and practices that promote equality and diversity.

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False. The tendency for stereotype-confirming thoughts to spontaneously and unconsciously occur in our minds is called implicit bias, not cultural racism.

Implicit biases are automatic mental associations that people form about other people or groups of people based on societal stereotypes, cultural context, and personal experiences. These biases are often unintentional and can be contrary to our conscious beliefs and values.

Cultural racism, on the other hand, refers to the systemic and institutional practices that promote the superiority of one race or ethnicity over another, often through discriminatory policies and practices. It involves the use of cultural differences to justify discriminatory actions and attitudes towards a particular group. Cultural racism operates at both the individual and institutional levels, and it can have lasting impacts on social and economic opportunities for marginalized groups.

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The trend in industrial nations toward a separation between church and state and the movement away from religiosity and spiritual belief is commonly referred to as secularization.

Secularization is the process by which societies become less influenced by or reliant on religious institutions and practices. It involves a shift towards a more secular and non-religious worldview, with diminished religious authority and influence in various spheres of life, including politics, education, and social norms. This trend is often associated with increased emphasis on scientific rationality, individualism, and the decline of traditional religious beliefs and practices. However, it is important to note that the extent and pace of secularization can vary across different countries and cultures.

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Answer:

Virgo is not represented by a horned animal.

Explanation:

Derived traits are characteristics that have evolved in a species over time and are unique to that species, while primitive traits are inherited from an earlier ancestor and are shared among many species.

A Preaustralopithecine or Australopithecine example of a derived trait is a large cranium, which is unique to Australopithecines and is thought to be associated with their capacity for complex thought. An example of a primitive trait is the presence of a protruding face and large molar teeth, which is a trait shared by both Preaustralopithecines and Australopithecines and is an inherited trait from an earlier ancestor.

In summary, derived traits are characteristics that are unique to a species and are evolved over time, while primitive traits are shared between species and are inherited from an earlier ancestor. An example of a derived trait in the Preaustralopithecines or Australopithecines is a large cranium, while an example of a primitive trait is the presence of a protruding face and large molar teeth.

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The occupational profile includes information about the client's needs, problems, and concerns about performance in occupations.

This information is used to interpret information and identify supports and barriers related to occupational performance. By using the occupational profile, the therapist can gain a better understanding of the client's daily occupations and how they may be impacted by their physical or cognitive abilities. This information can then be used to identify targeted outcomes and develop specific interventions to improve occupational performance.  

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In the case of United States v. Park, assuming the CEO was involved, the most appropriate description of the crime would be Fraud. Here option A is the correct answer.

The case of United States v. Park does not specifically refer to a CEO, and without further context, it is difficult to determine the exact nature of the crime committed.

Fraud generally refers to the deliberate deception or misrepresentation of facts with the intention of gaining an unfair advantage or causing harm to others. CEOs or high-ranking executives may engage in various fraudulent activities, such as financial statement fraud, securities fraud, or corporate fraud.

These actions can include manipulating financial records, providing false information to shareholders or investors, or engaging in deceptive business practices.

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Complete question:

Which of the following best describes the type of crime committed by the CEO in the case of United States v. Park?

A) Fraud

B) Money laundering

C) Embezzlement

D) Insider trading

The industry that has sought weak enforcement of immigration laws has been the agricultural industry.

The agricultural industry has been one of the industries that have sought weak enforcement of immigration laws. This industry heavily relies on migrant labor, especially for manual labor-intensive tasks such as harvesting crops. Due to the seasonal and physically demanding nature of agricultural work, there has been a consistent demand for a large workforce. However, hiring local workers for these positions has often proved challenging, leading agricultural employers to rely on immigrant workers, including those who may be undocumented.

The agricultural industry's dependence on immigrant labor has created a complex dynamic where some employers have favored weak enforcement of immigration laws. This is because stricter enforcement could result in a decrease in the availability of labor, potentially leading to labor shortages and increased costs for agricultural businesses. As a result, certain segments of the agricultural industry have lobbied for more lenient immigration policies, including advocating for guest worker programs or pathways to legal status for undocumented workers. The desire for a stable and accessible labor force has driven some agricultural stakeholders to seek weaker enforcement of immigration laws.

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The honest and upstanding officer who never stepped over the line between accepted and deviant conduct no matter how great the pressure to do so is called a person of integrity. Such an officer demonstrates a strong commitment to ethical behavior and refuses to compromise their values even in difficult circumstances.

An honest and upstanding officer who never steps over the line between expected and deviant conduct, regardless of the pressure to do so, is called an exemplary or incorruptible officer. This individual consistently demonstrates integrity, adheres to ethical standards, and upholds the principles of their profession. They maintain a strong moral compass and exhibit unwavering commitment to their duties and responsibilities.

Their actions inspire trust and confidence among colleagues and the public, as they consistently make decisions based on principles rather than succumbing to external pressures. Exemplary officers play a vital role in upholding the integrity and professionalism of law enforcement and serve as role models for others in the field. They prioritize their duty to serve and protect the community above personal gain or advancement, and are trusted and respected by both their peers and the public they serve.

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The change from bread and wine into the Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ is called transubstantiation.

Transubstantiation is a theological term used in the Catholic Church to describe the belief that during the Eucharistic liturgy, the bread and wine used in the sacrament of the Holy Communion are transformed, in substance, into the actual Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Jesus Christ.

According to Catholic teaching, transubstantiation occurs through the power of the Holy Spirit and the words of consecration spoken by a validly ordained priest during the Mass.

While the appearances of the bread and wine (referred to as the accidents) remain the same, their substance is believed to change into the true presence of Christ.

The doctrine of transubstantiation emphasizes the real and substantial presence of Christ in the Eucharist, with the consecrated elements being regarded as more than mere symbols or representations.

Catholics believe that through receiving the consecrated host and wine, they participate in a deeply intimate union with Christ, receiving His Body and Blood for spiritual nourishment and communion with Him and the entire Catholic community.

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Between 1990 and 2000, there were significant changes in the total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated and landfilled. MSW, also known as trash or garbage, includes various items collected by municipalities, such as residential, commercial, and institutional waste.

During this period, the trends in MSW generation and landfilling saw a shift, mainly due to increased awareness of environmental issues and the implementation of waste management policies.
In 1990, the total MSW generated in the United States was approximately 208 million tons, while by 2000, this number had increased to around 251 million tons. This growth can be attributed to factors like population growth, urbanization, and increased consumption patterns. However, even with this increase in MSW generation, the amount of MSW landfilled did not see a proportional rise.
In 1990, about 145 million tons of MSW were landfilled. By 2000, this number had only increased to around 155 million tons, which is a significantly smaller increase compared to the growth in MSW generated. This can be attributed to an increased emphasis on waste reduction, recycling, and composting initiatives during the 1990s. These efforts aimed to divert waste from landfills and promote more sustainable waste management practices.
In summary, between 1990 and 2000, there was a noticeable increase in MSW generated due to factors like population growth and urbanization. However, the total MSW landfilled did not see a similar increase, primarily because of increased waste reduction and recycling efforts during this period.

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Scholars wrote many books that are considered the classics of Chinese literature. These books are highly regarded for their literary, and cultural, they have had a profound influence on Chinese literature and thought.

Scholars are individuals who engage in systematic and intellectual study of a particular field of knowledge. They are experts in their chosen discipline and dedicate themselves to advancing knowledge through research, analysis, and critical thinking. Scholars often contribute to their field through publishing papers, conducting experiments, presenting at conferences, and participating in academic discussions. They play a crucial role in expanding our understanding of various subjects, pushing the boundaries of knowledge, and fostering intellectual growth in society. Scholars can be found in academia, research institutions, think tanks, and other intellectual settings.

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This is an example of compliance which is the lowest level of involvement.

Compliance is the lowest level of involvement in the hierarchy of effects model of consumer behavior. It refers to the situation where the consumer is aware of the product or service, but has little or no motivation to process information about it beyond its basic features. In this stage, the consumer may buy the product or service simply because it is convenient or because they have been influenced by external factors such as advertising or social pressure. However, there is no emotional attachment or identification with the product or service. It is important for marketers to understand this stage in order to develop strategies to move consumers up the hierarchy towards higher levels of involvement and commitment.

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The South Asian nation you are referring to is Pakistan. Home to the Indus River, Pakistan has seen a third of its land underwater this week following severe monsoon rains.

Pakistan, located in South Asia, is a country that experiences monsoon rains annually. These rains play a crucial role in the region's agriculture and water supply. However, when these monsoons are particularly heavy or intense, they can lead to devastating floods. In this instance, the extreme rainfall caused significant flooding along the Indus River, resulting in a third of the country's land being submerged underwater. This has led to widespread displacement of communities, loss of lives, and damage to infrastructure, crops, and livestock. Authorities in Pakistan and international aid organizations are working tirelessly to provide relief and support to the affected population. Furthermore, the situation highlights the importance of disaster preparedness and effective water management strategies in South Asia, particularly in light of climate change and the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.

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The statement is true. High specialization of species tends to result in higher species richness in a community, as observed in tropical rainforests.

In ecological communities, species richness refers to the number of different species present. The relationship between specialization and species richness can be understood through the concept of niche partitioning. When species specialize in specific ecological niches, they have adapted to occupy unique roles and utilize specific resources within their habitat. This reduces competition for resources among species, allowing for a higher number of coexisting species in the community.

Tropical rainforests, known for their high biodiversity, provide an excellent example of this phenomenon. These ecosystems have evolved over millions of years, resulting in a wide array of specialized species occupying different niches and exhibiting unique adaptations. Each species has developed specific traits and behaviors that allow them to efficiently utilize the available resources, minimizing direct competition and promoting coexistence.

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Based on past research about explicit and implicit memory, the pattern you would MOST expect to find is option B. In a word-stem-completion task, people are more likely to produce a word they have recently seen, even if they do not remember seeing it, than an equally plausible word they have not seen recently. This phenomenon is known as priming and is associated with implicit memory. Priming occurs when prior exposure to a stimulus influences subsequent performance on a related task, without conscious awareness of that prior exposure. In word-stem completion tasks, the recent exposure to a word acts as a priming cue, making it more likely for individuals to generate that word, even if they cannot consciously recall seeing it.

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The Family Theory most likely to use a genogram in Family Therapy is the Multigenerational Model.

The Multigenerational Model, also known as the Bowenian Family Systems Theory, emphasizes the influence of multiple generations on family dynamics and individual functioning. A genogram is a visual representation of a family's multigenerational history, depicting family relationships, patterns, and interactions over time. It is a valuable tool used in Multigenerational Family Therapy to explore family dynamics, identify patterns, and gain insights into the intergenerational transmission of behaviors and relational patterns. The genogram helps therapists and families to understand the family system, identify strengths and vulnerabilities, and work towards creating healthier patterns of interaction and communication.

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In the context of public policy, a trigger mechanism is a pre-determined condition or set of conditions that must be met before a particular action is taken.

Trigger mechanisms are often used as a way to initiate automatic or mandatory responses to specific situations, such as an increase in unemployment rates or a decrease in economic growth. They can also be used as a way to ensure accountability and transparency in decision-making processes by providing a clear set of criteria that must be met before action is taken. Overall, trigger mechanisms play an important role in shaping public policy by providing a framework for decision-making and ensuring that actions are taken in a timely and effective manner.

In the context of public policy, a trigger mechanism is a predefined set of conditions or events that, when met or occur, automatically initiate a specific policy action or change. Trigger mechanisms are designed to ensure that the policy response is timely, predictable, and objective, reducing the need for subjective decision-making. In essence, they serve as a safeguard that ensures a policy will be implemented or adjusted as intended when certain criteria are fulfilled.

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Milton Rokeach classified intellect as a terminal value.

Terminal values talk over with suitable stop-states or desires that people strive to obtain in lifestyles. These values are considered to be the final desires that people pursue for his or her very own sake, instead of as a means to an cease.

In Rokeach's price concept, there are two forms of values: terminal values and instrumental values. Instrumental values talk over with ideal modes of conduct or method of accomplishing dreams that people use to reap their terminal values.

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Up until the age of 2, children spend more time asleep than in waking activities. This is because sleep is crucial for a child's growth and development, and young children need more sleep than adults or older children.

Infants normally sleep for 16-17 hours per day during their first year of life, with many naps throughout the day and night. The frequency of naps they take normally reduces as they become older, and they learn to consolidate their sleep into longer durations at night.

Most children will have switched to a single midday nap and spend 11-13 hours sleeping at night by the age of three. At this age, they will continue to spend more time sleeping than doing anything else, including play, learning, and socialising.

It is critical for parents and carers to prioritise sleep for young children because adequate sleep is necessary for physical and cognitive development.

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Technology can have a positive effect on cognitive processes to a significant extent. Here are a few ways in which technology can positively impact cognition:

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A commonly seen positive symptom that occurs in schizophrenia is hallucinations.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a range of symptoms, including both positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms involve the presence of abnormal experiences or behaviors that are not typically seen in healthy individuals. Hallucinations, such as hearing voices or seeing things that are not there, are one of the positive symptoms commonly associated with schizophrenia.

Negative symptoms, on the other hand, involve the absence or reduction of normal behaviors and experiences. Examples of negative symptoms include flat affect, which refers to a limited range of emotional expression, and sensory distortion, which is not a commonly seen symptom in schizophrenia.

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Social rules play a crucial role in shaping human behavior and maintaining social order. Here are six important reasons why social rules are significant: 1. Maintaining Order 2. Promoting Cooperation 3. Facilitating Communication 4. Preserving Ethics and Morality 5. Enhancing Predictability 6. Cultural Preservation

1. Maintaining Order: Social rules provide a framework for regulating behavior, ensuring that individuals can coexist peacefully and harmoniously within a society. They establish boundaries and expectations for acceptable conduct, preventing chaos and promoting stability.

2. Promoting Cooperation: Social rules facilitate cooperation among individuals by defining shared norms and expectations. They create a common understanding of how people should interact, collaborate, and work together towards common goals, fostering a sense of unity and collective purpose.

3. Facilitating Communication: Social rules establish guidelines for communication, including language, gestures, and social cues. They enable effective communication and understanding between individuals, ensuring smooth interactions and minimizing misunderstandings.

4. Preserving Ethics and Morality: Social rules often reflect ethical and moral values that a society upholds. They provide guidelines for ethical behavior, promoting fairness, honesty, respect, and justice. Social rules help create a moral compass, guiding individuals to make ethical choices and contribute to the greater good.

5. Enhancing Predictability: Social rules bring predictability to social interactions by setting expectations for behavior in different situations. They provide a sense of certainty and help individuals anticipate the actions and reactions of others, promoting trust and reducing uncertainty in social interactions.

6. Cultural Preservation: Social rules are deeply intertwined with cultural traditions, customs, and beliefs. They serve as a means to preserve and transmit cultural heritage from one generation to another, ensuring the continuity and identity of a society.

Overall, social rules play a vital role in shaping behavior, fostering cooperation, maintaining order, promoting ethics, enhancing communication, and preserving cultural values within a society. They provide a framework for individuals to navigate social interactions, contributing to the overall functioning and well-being of communities.

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The bags used by shoplifters to defeat electronic article surveillance (EAS) tags are commonly referred to as "booster bags."

Booster bags are specially designed bags or containers lined with tin foil or other materials that can block or interfere with the detection signals emitted by EAS tags. EAS tags are security devices attached to merchandise in retail stores to prevent theft. These tags contain electronic elements that trigger an alarm when passing through EAS detection systems located at store exits.

Shoplifters use booster bags to shield or mask the EAS tags, preventing them from being detected by the system and avoiding triggering the alarm. The tin foil lining acts as a barrier to block or disrupt the radio frequency signals emitted by the EAS tags, making it more difficult for store security systems to detect stolen items. The use of booster bags is an example of a shoplifting technique aimed at circumventing store security measures.

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