The problem that we would expect this mouse to have is a tendency to drink more water than normal accompanied by excretion of dilute urine.
What is Sodium Potassium pump?The sodium-potassium pump is a protein that has been found in many cells and is responsible for keeping the internal concentration of sodium ions [Na+] lower than that of the surrounding medium (blood, body fluid, or water) and the internal concentration of potassium ions [K+] higher than that of the surrounding medium (blood, body fluid, or water). The adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase)-active pump travels across the cell membrane and is triggered by both internal and external [K+] and [Na+].
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n most muscles, when a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten, the origin moves toward the insertion. True False
In most muscles, when a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten, the origin moves towards the insertion. This is true. Muscle contraction is the shortening, tightening and lengthening of muscles due to some physical activity.
During muscle contraction, one end of the muscle moves while the other end is fixed in its position. The point of attachment that moves during any action is called insertion while the point of attachment that doesn't move during action is called origin. The origin has more muscle mass and is less movable whereas the insertion has less muscle mass and is more flexible and movable. Muscle contraction occurs in the following sequence :
formation of cross bridgepower stroke dissociation of cross bridgecocking of myosinThe muscle unites the immobile bone at the origin which is fixed whereas the muscle unites the moving bone at the insertion. So whenever the muscle contracts and its fibers shorten the origin moves towards the insertion.
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If you observed that the sperm of a bull could not fuse in a lab dish with the eggs of a cow, you would say that the bull and the cow showed:_____.
If you observed that the sperm of a bull could not fuse in a lab dish with the eggs of a cow, you would say that the bull and the cow showed gametic isolation.
What is gametic isolation?A type of isolation that occurs in many aquatic animals of different species. These species deposit gametes in the water, in the same place and at the same time, with fertilization occurring only between gametes originated by the same species.
Reproductive isolation mechanisms that operate prior to mating are called prezygotic reproductive barriers. These barriers are important, as they prevent individuals of different species from interbreeding and reproducing.
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A cellular component of the innate defenses includes ________. b cells t cells natural killer cells plasma cells
A cellular component of the innate defenses includes natural killer cells
What is cell?A cell is the simplest, basic and functional units of all living organisms.
There are two types of living organisms based on the numbers of cells they have. These are:
Unicellular organismsMulticellular organismsUnicellular organisms are those organisms consisting of just one cell. That is, they are single-celled organisms. An example is bacteria
Multicellular organisms are organisms made up of two or more cells. Examples include lizard, roundworms, crabs, man.
So therefore, a cellular component of the innate defenses includes natural killer cells
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Scientists have recently modified the bacteria that cause tooth decay by inserting a fragment of DNA into the bacteria's DNA that prevents it from producing lactic acid. What is the new DNA called?
foreign DNA
restriction DNA
recombinant DNA
transgenic DNA
Scientists have recently modified the bacteria that cause tooth decay by inserting a fragment of DNA into the bacteria's DNA that prevents it from producing lactic acid. This new DNA is called recombinant DNA.
What is recombination DNA?
Genetic recombination is the exchange of genes between two DNA molecules to form new combinations of genes. Like mutation, genetic recombination contributes to the genetic diversity of a population, which is the source of evolutionary variation.
Bacteria have two mechanisms of genetic variability: mutation and gene recombination. Gene recombination occurs by three types of mechanisms: transformation, conjugation and transduction. Transformation is the incorporation of free DNA by the bacterial cell.
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Which process is found in both cellular respiration and in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
Answer:
Electron Transport Chain
Explanation:
An electron transport chain is a sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
____________________ treatment is the oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells.
Answer: RAI
Explanation:
How would you describe an epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane and all cells reach the apical surface?.
Columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane and all cells reach the apical surface.
What is a epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue has a free surface, which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and thus provides a covering or a lining for some parts of the body.
There are two types of epithelial tissues namely :
Simple epithelium: Simple epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells and functions as a lining for body cavities, ducts, and tubes.Compound epithelium: The compound epithelium consists of two or more cell layers and has protective function as it does in our skin.Simple epithelium is further divided into three types, they are;
The squamous epithelium is made of a single thin layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries. They are found in the walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs and are involved in functions like forming a diffusion boundary.The cuboidal epithelium is composed of a single layer of cube-like cells. This is commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys and its main functions are secretion and absorption. The columnar epithelium is composed of a single layer of tall and slender cells. Their nuclei are located at the base. Free surface may have microvilli. They are found in the lining of stomach and intestine and help in secretion and absorption.To learn more about epithelial tissues: https://brainly.com/question/13404204
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Which molecule is most common in the human body?
A. H2O
. B. N₂
C. H₂
D. CO2
Answer:
A. H2O
Explanation:
The most common molecule in the human body is H2O. H2O makes up about 50-70% of the body's total weight.
Remember, the meaning for H2O is a transparent, colorless, and odorless liquid.
Hope this helps!
A solution needs to be adjusted at ph 8.0. when you measure the ph of the initial solution the ph meter reads 9.5. what chemical will you add to bring the ph to 8.0?
If the pH is higher than desired, adjust it using a hydrochloric acid solution.
Thus, if you need the solution to read the pH as 8.0 which is lower than 9.5, add HCl solution to it.
pH stands for potential of H+ ions, i.e the amount of Hydrogen ions in a solution.
pH is measured on a scale of 0-14, 7 is the neutral point. pH range below 7 is acidic and higher than 7 is basic.
pH is calculated from the formula-
pH= -log10[H+]
We can also measure the Ph levels by a pH meter. It is used for accuracy, reproducibility and continuous measurement. The values are measured in mV and then converted to pH values.
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In a given population if the percentage of homozygous dominant genotype is 36% and the percentage of heterozygous genotype is 48%, what will be the percentage of homozygous recessive genotype
The correct answer to the given question is 16%
What is the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype?Let x be the percentage of homozygous dominant genotype= 36%
Let y be the percentage of homozygous recessive genotype= 48%
The total population present is 100%
Thus the percentage of Homozygous recessive genotype is
[tex]100 - (x+y)[/tex]
This equals to
[tex]100-(36 + 48)= 16[/tex]
Thus the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype is 16%
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Which body composition measuring system uses the volume of a controlled chamber compared to body volume to determine bodyfat percentage? Body mass index (BMI) Skinfold measurements Bioelectrical impedance (BI) Air displacement plethysmography (ADP)
Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measures the volume of a controlled chamber compared to body volume to determine body fat percentage.
What is Air displacement plethysmography (ADP)?A two-component model called air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measures mass and volume, allowing for an assessment of body density (Db). This allows for the estimate of fat and fat-free mass using body density, which is calculated by dividing mass by volume (FFM).
With air-displacement plethysmography, an object's volume is indirectly determined by calculating how much air it displaces inside a sealed chamber (plethysmograph). Therefore, a patient is placed inside the chamber and their body volume is measured by how much air they can move while sitting within.
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respirations are documented as 14, reg, normal. Reg is referring to what aspect of her respirations
Respirations rate is 12-18 breaths per minute.
RespirationsA person's breathing and the entry and exit of air from the lungs are referred to as respiration. The respiratory system eliminates waste products like carbon dioxide and serves to keep the acid-base balance in the body by supplying oxygen to bodily tissues for cellular respiration. Expiration, on the other hand, is the process through which air leaves the lungs. Inspiration causes air to enter the lungs. When measuring respiratory rate, a respiratory cycle is referred to as one breath or one inspiration followed by one exhalation. Rate, rhythm, and quality of respiration are all evaluated. An individual usually breathes quietly and with ease.
respirations are documented as 14, reg, normal. Reg is referring to what aspect of her respirations
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Which stage of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) would a client with a CD4 T cell count of 325 cells/mm3 be classified
Based on the CDC guidelines a person with a CD4+ cell count between 200-400 is regarded as being in the second stage of the HIV infection.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a condition caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). AIDS is a chronic disorder and can become life-threatening for the infected person. The HIV viruses reproduce inside the host and while doing so they destroy the CD4+ immune cells which reduce the person's ability to fight against other diseases.
CD4+ cell count and AIDS
According to the CDC (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), HIV infection is categorized into different stages based on the number of CD4+ cells.
Stage 1: - CD4+ cell count is more than 500 per microlitre. There are no symptoms or AIDS-related conditions. Stage 2: - CD4+ cell count is more than 500 per microlitre. There are no symptoms or AIDS-related conditions.Stage 3: - The CD4+ cell count falls below 200 and AIDS-related symptoms and conditions are present.Learn more about HIV infection here:
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The cytoplasmic membranes of ________ contain unbranched phospholipids and proteins.
The cytoplasmic membranes of both bacteria and eukaryotic cell contain unbranched phospholipids and proteins. A cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that encloses and protects the cytoplasm in practically all cells. In addition to lipids, proteins also make up biological membranes; the presence of these proteins distinguishes one membrane from another.
Phospholipids are restricted to the inner leaflet of the bacterial membrane and are not present in the outer membrane. Lipopolysaccharide makes up the majority of the glycolipids in the outer leaflet of the OM (LPS).
The plasma membrane is the double layer of lipids that divides the inside of the cell from the external environment and is present in eukaryotic cells. Phospholipids, a specialised lipid type, make up most of this double layer, where two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head make up a phospholipid.
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what is the name of the set of insrtument used for anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion that icludes retractors spreaders bone dowel cutters impactors and others
Cloward instruments is the name of the set of instrument used for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion that includes retractors spreaders bone dowel cutters impactors and others.
The blunt blades on the Cloward Self Retaining Retractor make it simple to retract delicate tissues. secures and retracts tissue, skin, and organ sheaths for easier access.Features sturdy lateral blades in particular, which have blunt edges that can be readily inserted under incision edges to facilitate painless retraction.The forceps' smooth blades also shield sensitive tissue from unintentional harm. The ratchet lock on the retraction forceps is what allows them to self-retain.Has a lightweight, ergonomic form that makes it easy to handle. The light weight also makes the instrument user-friendly. comes with pleasant finger rings for handling that are ergonomic.The 15 cm overall length of the Cloward Self Retaining Retractor makes it ideal for minor to medium incisions.learn more about surgical instruments here: https://brainly.com/question/2279077
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the periodic table contains alot of information in it with the help of that information calculate the number neutrons present in the non metalic elements of the periodic table
The number of neutrons present in the non-metallic elements of the periodic table can be calculated by the formula:
No. of neutrons = Atomic mass - Atomic number
Every atom's nucleus has a neutron, with the exception of hydrogen, which does not. The fact that the particle has no electrical charge—it is neutral—gives it its name.
The elements that gain electrons to generate negative ions are known as non-metals. In their outermost shell, non-metals often have 4, 5, 6, or 7 electrons.
Example : Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen , Phosphorous etc.
Let's take an example of non metallic element like Phosphorous
Atomic number = 15
Atomic Mass = 31 u
So, according to the formula
No. of neutrons = 31 - 15 = 16
Hence, the number of neutrons present in the non-metallic elements of the periodic table can be calculated by the formula:
No. of neutrons = Atomic mass - Atomic number
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Microtearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
micro tearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is an eccentric. Option A
What is DOMS?The full meaning of the abbreviation is delayed onset muscle soreness.
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) can be defined as a muscle pain that begins after much exercise.
It normally starts a day or two after a workout and is not not felt during the exercise.
The pain felt during or immediately after a workout is termed acute muscle soreness.
Any exercise that leads to the delayed onset muscle soreness is one that leads to an eccentric muscle contraction
Eccentric contraction is defined as the muscle's contraction to bear load against the earth's gravity while being lifted.
Thus, micro tearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is an eccentric. Option A
The complete question;
Microtearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?
a. Eccentric
b. Concentric
c. Isometric
d. Isotonic
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A Review of Global Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis AND doi
The consequences of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) on the economy call for more research into how Moraxella bovis colonizes and lives on the corneal surface.
What is the review of Global Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis and doi?M. bovis strains that are virulent generate hemolysin and have unique plasmid profiles from nonvirulent strains. IBK prevalence is impacted by interactions between the host, environment, vector, season, and concomitant infections.
The illness process could be accelerated or made worse by Mycoplasma sp. or the infectious bovine rhino tracheitis virus. IBK symptoms can range from a minor case of conjunctivitis to severe ulceration, corneal perforation, and blindness. Economical factors, planned animal usage, and administration practicality all influence how IBK is treated.
The goal of antibiotic therapy is to increase medication concentrations in tears to levels that are at or above the minimum inhibitory concentration for extended periods of time. IBK is currently a disease that cannot be prevented. Vector control must be rigorously implemented and affected animals must be removed from the herd. Identification and exclusion of carrier animals from the herd are required.
Due to pili antigen cross reactivity, fluctuating strains, and unmanaged environmental conditions, vaccination efforts have been unsuccessful. Recent studies have revealed that M. bovis may use siderophores and iron-repressible outer membrane proteins to exploit host iron sources for growth. Understanding the typical defense mechanisms of the bovine eye may help develop innovative methods for boosting the immune response against M. bovis.
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How does the fact that telomeres are long stretches of repeated nucleotides lessen the impact that somatic cells don’t have telomerase?
Telomerase activity is controlled during development and is extremely low in somatic (body) cells, virtually undetectable. These somatic cells age because they do not frequently use telomerase.
Telomeres are repetitive sections at the very ends of chromosomes that are present in a variety of eukaryotic species, including humans and unicellular protists. Each round of DNA replication wears down a little portion of the telomeres, which serve as caps to safeguard the interior chromosomal regions.Most somatic (body) cells do not typically have telomerase activity, but certain adult stem cells and germ cells—the cells that produce sperm and eggs—have.Adult germ cells, tumor cells, and fetal tissues all contain telomerase. Telomerase activity is controlled during development and is extremely low in somatic (body) cells, virtually undetectable. These somatic cells age because they do not frequently use telomerase.learn more about telomerase here: https://brainly.com/question/14213408
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Match each type of cause with the source that could shed light on that cause.
records related to the
and export of goods
population records related
to births and deaths
records related to
the use of certain wordspaintings, photographs,
and filmsletters and diaries of
ordinary peoplerecords related to banks
and financial transactions
Economic causes: records related to the and export of goods; records related to banks and financial transactions
Social causes: population records related to births and deaths; records related to the use of certain words
Cultural causes: paintings, photographs, and films; letters and diaries of
ordinary people.
Note that the complete question is found in the attached image.
What are the causes listed?The causes given are economic causes, social causes and cultural causes.
Economic causes deals with things that affect how to satisfy man's needs and wants, Social causes deals how humans relate, and Cultural causes deals with the way of life of a people.
The items and the correct causes are as follows:
Economic causes: records related to the and export of goods; records related to banks and financial transactions
Social causes: population records related to births and deaths; records related to the use of certain words
Cultural causes: paintings, photographs, and films; letters and diaries of
ordinary people.
In conclusion, the causes considered are economic , social and cultural, causes.
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Suppose a mouse develops loss of sodium pump activity in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle in all of the nephrons in both kidneys. What problem would you expect this mouse to have?.
A tendency to drink more water than normal accompanied by excretion of dilute urine.
What happens in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle?Sodium chloride (NaCl) is actively reabsorbed by the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle, but water cannot pass through it. A lumen-to-interstitium osmotic gradient and medullary interstitial hypertonicity are consequently produced as a result of this segment's increase in the interstitial fluid's osmolality.
If the sodium pump loses its activity then sodium is not reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle. The concentration of sodium chloride increases in the interstitial fluid and hence more water will be needed to counter the effect and more dilute urine will be excreted out.
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What are the products of the electron transport chains within the light reactions?
ATP and NADPH
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. Electron carrier molecules are arranged in electron transport chains that produce ATP and NADPH, which temporarily store chemical energy
What is Electron transport chains in Photosynthesis ?
The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation.
It occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.The primary task of the last stage of cellular respiration, the electron transport chain, is to transfer energy from the electron carriers to even more ATP molecules, the "batteries" which power work within the cellLearn more about Electron transport chain here:
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The cafeteria served green beans for lunch starting at 11 a.m. By 1 p.m., the remaining green beans have become overcooked and mushy. What pigment is found in the green beans at 1 p.m.
Answer:
chlorophyllin
Explanation:
The green pigment found in green beans is known as chlorophyll. This green pigment turns to bright green in alkaline environments and is known as chlorophyllin
Select all that apply.
Which of the following are part of the Protista kingdom?
protozoa
eubacteria
plants
fungi
algae
The organism that is part of the Protista kingdom is protozoa. Details about protists can be found below.
What are protists?Protists are any of the eukaryotic unicellular organisms that possess animal and plant like features.
Members of the kingdom protista include the following:
protozoansslime moldssome algaeTherefore, the organism that is part of the Protista kingdom is protozoa.
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Rapid lateral flow assays based on the quantification of magnetic nanoparticle labels for multiplexed immunodetection of small molecules: application to the determination of drugs of abuse
A rapid lateral flow immunoassay is presented that uses carboxyl-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles as labels that can be quantified by highly sensitive multi-channel electronic readers. The approach is generic in that it is likely to be applicable to numerous small molecules. The method permits both single- and multiplex assays at a point-of-need without sample pretreatment. It is user-friendly and offers attractive characteristics demonstrated here for detection of morphine, fentanyl and methamphetamine in . The competitive immunoassay uses commercially available reagents that do not require special permissions. After migration of sample, the lateral flow test strips are subjected to an alternating magnetic field at two frequencies. The response from the nanolabels is readout at a combinatorial frequency from the entire volume of a porous immunochromatographic membrane by the magnetic particle quantification technique.
application to the determination of drugs of abuse.
Estimating the detection time of a drug in urine is complex because of many different influencing factors and the lack of experimental data. Detection times vary depending on dose and route of administration, metabolism and characteristics of the screening and confirmation assays. Using a cut-off value of 1000 ng/mL, urinary samples can be positive for amphetamine for up to 5 days after intake of the drug.
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Where does the f1 subunit of atp synthase get its energy to catalyze the synthesis of atp?.
The rotation of the Fo subunit leads to rotation of the F1 subunit, which can then catalyze ATP synthesis
which can then catalyse the synthesis of ATP. Kinetic energy from the flow of protons is converted to the kinetic energy of rotation of the Fo subunit.
What is ATP synthase ?The hydrophilic F1 region of the ATP synthase is in charge of ATP hydrolysis. Invading the mitochondrial matrix space is the F1 unit.
A hexamer with six binding sites is formed by the subunits and. Three of these bind ADP while being catalytically inactive.Synthases of ATP. An enzyme that uses energy from a proton gradient or another source to catalyse the phosphorylation of ADP with inorganic phosphate to produce ATPLearn more about ATP synthase here:
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Meiosis is the process by which: Group of answer choices gametes are produced growth and replacement of cells occur in multicellular animals single cell organisms reproduce all of these
Meiosis is the process by which gametes are produced.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a cell division in which the parent cell divides to produce four daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes.It is also known as reductional division.It is crucial for reproduction because meiosis is the sole way for germ cells to form sperm or eggs.In sexually reproducing organisms, meiosis ensures the generation of the haploid phase, whereas fertilization restores the diploid phase.Meiosis is a process that occurs during gametogenesis in both plants and animals which results in the production of haploid gametes.To learn more about meiosis,
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Contests between members of the same species or even the same group are referred to as:_____.
Contests between members of the same species or even the same group are referred to as secondary succession
Secondary inheritance occurs when a climax or inter-community failure is affected. This will restart the inheritance cycle, but it will not return to the square. The soil and nutrients are still there.
Primary transitions occur in unprecedented environments or sparse habitats. Secondary inheritance occurs in previously inhabited but disturbed areas such as wildfires. The newly created volcanic island is made up of unprecedented, soilless rocks.
A typical example of secondary inheritance occurs in oak and hickory forests logged by wildfires. Wildfires burn most vegetation and kill animals that cannot escape the area. But those nutrients are returned to the soil in the form of As
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The land edge that is affected by marine processes is known generally as the?
The land edge that is affected by marine processes is known generally as the coast
A sea's shore is the area of land there. The coastline is the area of a shoreline where land and water converge. Coastlines are shaped in part by currents, tides, and waves. The ground is eroded or worn away when waves crash upon the shore.Despite making up only around 8% of the land on Earth, coastlines contain about 26% of all biological diversity. This wonderful environment, which is home to many different species of natural communities, is home to seabirds, clams, crabs, starfish, anemones, fish, kelp, and marine mammals, among many other creatures. Though it can also be a tough and challenging environment, since it is frequently altered by erosion and tides as well as pounded by waves and sea spray. Typically, there are three types of coasts: rocky, sandy, and muddy.
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Which synapse(s) are specifically responsible for the habituation of the withdrawal response?
Answer:
Facilitating interneuron to excitatory interneuron
Sensory neuron to inhibitory interneuron
Sensory neuron to excitatory interneuron
Sensory neuron to facilitating interneuron
Sensory neuron to motor neuron
Excitatory interneuron to motor neuron
Sensory neuron to motor neuron are specifically responsible for the habituation of the withdrawal response.
The withdrawal reflex, which is the automatic withholding of a limb from a painful stimulation, is what is known as this automatic reaction.Humans are shielded by this reflex from tissue necrosis brought on by exposure to noxious stimuli like pain or heat. Either the upper or lower limbs may experience it.A somatic reflex, like the withdrawal reflex, and a visceral reflex, an autonomic reflex, differ in that the latter has an efferent branch. The lower motor neuron in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, which immediately projects to a skeletal muscle to produce its contraction, is the output of a somatic reflex.
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