Early reinforcement reinforces actions that closely resemble the intended behaviour. Later, reinforcement is limited to actions that closely resemble the desired behaviour.
What is the use of successive approximations method?The technique of consecutive approximations is referred to as a "algorithm or algorithmic process" and is used to solve equations of a specific class using a series of simple arithmetic operations.
One of the well-known traditional approaches for solving integral equations is the successive approximations method (SAM). In the literature, it is sometimes referred to as the Picard iteration approach.
In fact, this approach offers a strategy for resolving initial value issues or integral equations. A strategy for modifying operant behaviour that involves rewarding responses that resemble the intended behaviour.
Therefore, stan is using the method of successive approximations.
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a car of mass 1100 kg moves at 20 m/s. . a) what is its stopping distance? b) if the same car is moving at 40 m/s, what is its stopping distance?
A car of mass 1100 kg moves at 20 m/s the its stopping distance is 400m and 160 m.
Initial speed of the car is u.
Final speed of the car v = 0
Simply put, negative acceleration is a reverse acceleration. The velocity of the body may rise or fall. Acceleration is the term used to describe the change in velocity. The body experiences positive acceleration when its speed increases. Similar to this, as velocity falls, the acceleration turns negative and is known as negative acceleration.
Let the acceleration of the car be a.
Its stopping distance is 400m because s ∝ [tex]u^{2}[/tex] and s=400m by that form.
Using
[tex]v^{2} -u^{2}[/tex]= 2aS
0-u² = 2aS
s ∝ [tex]u^{2}[/tex] (for same a)
Now,
S = 40m u = 2u
[tex]\frac{S^{'} }{S} =\frac{u^{'2} }{u^{2} }[/tex]
[tex]\frac{S^{'} }{40} =4[/tex]
Then the distance will be,
S' = 160m
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the force of attraction that a -40HC charge point exerts on a +108HC point charge has magnitude 4.00N how far apart are these two changes
The distance between the two charges is 3.12 m.
What is the distance between the two charges?
The distance between the two charges is determined by applying Coulomb's law of electrostatic force.
F = kq₁q₂ / r²
where;
q₁ is the first chargeq₂ is the second charger is the distance between the chargesThe distance between the two charges is calculated as;
r² = kq₁q₂ / F
r = √ ( kq₁q₂ / F )
r = √ ( 9 x 10⁹ x 40 x 10⁻⁶ x 108 x 10⁻⁶ / 4 )
r = 3.12 m
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a system consisting of two blocks a and b connected by a non-extendable cable that runs around two pulleys. determine the kinematic relationships between the velocities and the accelerations of the block.
Kinematic relation between acceleration and velocities of a system consisting of two blocks named as a and b is g (m₂ - m₁)/(m₂ + m₁).
Utilizing the standard marking, let the more modest mass be m₂, and the bigger mass is m₁, and since the powers are just acting in the upward heading, we will involve the summation condition for the powers along the y-hub as it were.
It very well may be obviously seen that main two powers are following up on every one of the majority, that is to say, their own weight acting downwards and the pressure in the string acting upwards.Subsequently, the summation condition for powers on each mass can be composed utilizing the standard sign show, the vertical power is taken as certain, and the descending power is taken as negative.
T-m₁g = m₁a … . (1)
T-m₂g = - m₂a … . (2)
On settling (1) and (2) we get
a = g (m₂ - m₁)/(m₂ + m₁)
Where, T = Tension in the string, a = acceleration of the speed increase of two masses.
Hence,kinematic relation between acceleration and velocities is g (m₂ - m₁)/(m₂ + m₁).
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determine the speed at which the waves inside the tube propagate. describe your process in the space below
According to "Handbook of Speed of The sound for Real Gases" from A Zuckerwar, propane seems to have a speed of sound of 258 m/s at standard temperature and pressure (STP).
What is a clearer definition of sound?The mechanical radiant energy, that acts as the real source of hearing, is perceived by the sense of hearing and is transmitted via horizontal pressure waves inside a material medium (such as air).
What is sound in science?Sound is a type of energy produced by vibrations. The air molecules around a vibrating object move. By interacting with them, these molecules cause the vibration of molecules that are close by. They thus come across additional air molecules close by.
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if three uncharged styrofoam balls are placed together and agitated so that one gains 3 c of charge and another gains 4 c of charge, how much charge must there be on the third one?
−7 C. Like charges attracts and unlike charges repel. When the three charges are are agitated, the +3 C and +4 C will repel to give of +7 C. The third strike will be -7 C to provide an arithmetic sum of 0 in the system, bringing the system into balance.
What three categories of fees are there?Subatomic particles or matter particles are examples of the different forms of charges:Positive charge characterizes protons.Negative charge characterizes electrons.There is no charge on a neutron.
Are there really only two fees?There are just two different kinds of charge, positive and negative.The force among charges diminishes with the cube of the distance, with like charges repelling and unlike charges attracting.
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A meter stick is balanced at its center using a support. A 0.45-N weight is hung on
the meter stick a distance 0.30 m from the center to the right. Where should you
place a 0.20-N weight such that the meter stick is in static equilibrium?
Plss
To balance a 0.45 N weight 0.30 m to the right of the center, a 0.20 N weight must be placed 0.15 m to the left of the center.
Where should you place a 0.20-N weight such that the meter stick is in static equilibrium?In order for the meter stick to be in static equilibrium, the net force on it must be equal to zero. If a 0.45 N weight is hung on the meter stick a distance of 0.30 m from the center to the right, a force will be exerted on the meter stick to the right. To balance this force and achieve static equilibrium, a force must be exerted in the opposite direction.To find the location where a 0.20 N weight should be placed to achieve static equilibrium, we must use the principle of moments. The principle of moments states that the sum of the clockwise moments about a pivot point must equal the sum of the counterclockwise moments about the same pivot point.So, to balance the 0.45 N weight hung 0.30 m to the right of the center, a 0.20 N weight must be placed 0.15 m to the left of the center. This will exert a force of 0.20 N in the opposite direction, balancing the 0.45 N force to the right and achieving static equilibrium.In summary:To achieve static equilibrium, the net force on a meter stick must be equal to zeroThe principle of moments states that the sum of clockwise moments must equal the sum of counterclockwise momentsTo balance a 0.45 N weight 0.30 m to the right of the center, a 0.20 N weight must be placed 0.15 m to the left of the center.To learn more about equilibrium refer:
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a circular swimming pool has a diameter of 20 m. the circular side of the pool is 4 m high, and the depth of the water is 3.5 m. (the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 and the density of water is 1000 .) how much work (in joules) is required to:
The required work to pump all of the water over the side is calculated to be 24617600 J.
Density of water = 1000 kg/m³
Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²
Depth of water h = 3.5 m
Area of pool of diameter d = 20 m
A = π(d²/4) = 3.14×20²/4 = 314 m²
Wall height of the pool = 4 m
Force on the bottom of the pool due to water = ρ g h A = 1000×9.8×2×314 = 6154400 N
Amount of work required to pump all of the water over the side is,
Work = F × h = 6154400 × 4 = 24617600 J
Thus, the work required to pump all of the water over the side is calculated to be 24617600 J.
The given question is incomplete. The complete question is 'i.pump all of the water over the side?'
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how many additional electrons can a fluorine atom attract
Answer: Fluorine has seven valence electrons, so it is most likely to gain one electron to form an ion wit a 1- charge.
Explanation:
A fluorine atom can attract one additional electron to fill its outermost shell and achieve a stable electron configuration. This ability to attract electrons is due to fluorine's high electronegativity, which is a result of its small atomic size and high nuclear charge. The strong attraction between fluorine and electrons makes it highly reactive and capable of forming strong chemical bonds with other elements.
Atoms are composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and neutral neutrons. The number of electrons in an atom determines its chemical properties, as the electrons are involved in chemical bonding. Some atoms have a tendency to attract additional electrons to fill their outermost electron shell, which can result in the formation of ionic or covalent bonds. Fluorine is one such atom that has a strong tendency to attract additional electrons due to its high electronegativity.
Fluorine is a highly electronegative element, meaning it has a strong tendency to attract electrons towards itself. This is due to its small atomic size and high nuclear charge, which results in a strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons.
Fluorine has seven electrons in its outermost shell, which means it is only one electron short of having a full outer shell. This makes fluorine highly reactive, as it has a strong tendency to attract an additional electron to fill its outer shell and achieve a stable electron configuration. When fluorine attracts an additional electron, it forms a negative ion called fluoride.
The strength of fluorine's electronegativity can be quantified using a scale called the Pauling scale. Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all the elements on the periodic table, with a Pauling electronegativity value of 4.0. This means that fluorine can attract electrons more strongly than any other element, making it highly reactive and capable of forming strong chemical bonds with other elements.
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calculate the magnitude of the electric field inside the solid at a distance of 9.30 cm from the center of the cavity.
The magnitude of the electric field inside the solid at a distance of 9.50cm from the center of the cavity 3,65 × 10^5. N/C
A point charge ,q = -2.14×10^-6 C is located in the center of a spherical cavity of radius , 6.55×10^-2 m inside an insulating spherical charged solid.
The charge density in the solid , d = 7.3×10^-4 C/m³
Distance from the center of the cavity,R =9.3×10^-2
The Magnetic FieldA magnet is an object that can attract certain objects around it. Magnets affect the movement of metals through an intermediate medium called a magnetic field. Magnets can attract iron, steel, and other metals because they have a magnetic field at each pole. The greatest magnetic force of attraction lies at the two poles.
The magnetic field is an area where if a magnetic material is placed in it, the material will feel a magnetic force. So, the magnetic field is the area or space around the magnet that is still experiencing a magnetic force.
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What cause sound seismic and electromagnetic waves to transmit energy through different mediums
Answer:
Explanation:
Sound, seismic, and electromagnetic waves transmit energy through different mediums due to the motion of particles in the medium.
Sound waves transmit energy through the vibration of particles in a solid, liquid, or gas. The energy is transferred from particle to particle as the wave travels through the medium.
Seismic waves are created by the sudden release of energy from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or other geological events. These waves travel through the Earth's solid mantle and crust, transmitting energy through the vibration of particles in the rock.
Electromagnetic waves are a type of wave that does not require a medium to travel through. They are created by the motion of charged particles, such as electrons, and can travel through a vacuum, such as space. Electromagnetic waves transfer energy through the oscillation of electric and magnetic fields.
Many measuring instruments have to be calibrated. What does this mean? Give an example.
Answer:
Explanation:
because we have to get a measuremt.
. where is the electric field the largest? where is it the smallest? how does the magnitude change as you move from one electrode to the other? on a dipole
The strength and direction of the electric field around a dipole are important in many areas of physics and engineering, such as in the design of antennas, electromagnetic radiation, and molecular interactions.
What is the electrode?
It is typically made of metal or a conductive material such as carbon, and is connected to a source of electrical current. The electrode is then placed in a circuit, allowing electricity to flow from the source to the nonmetallic part of the circuit.
In a dipole, the electric field is the strongest (largest) at the poles or tips of the dipole and the weakest (smallest) at the equator or midpoint between the poles. The direction of the electric field at any point on the dipole is always along the line joining the two charges.
As you move from one electrode to the other, the magnitude of the electric field decreases as you move away from the poles towards the equator. At the poles, the electric field is proportional to the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them. At the equator, the electric field is zero because the electric fields from the two charges cancel each other out.
It's important to note that the electric field around a dipole also varies with distance from the dipole. The magnitude of the electric field decreases as you move further away from the dipole, following an inverse square law.
The strength and direction of the electric field around a dipole are important in many areas of physics and engineering, such as in the design of antennas, electromagnetic radiation, and molecular interactions.
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what is the energy contained in a 1.00 m3 volume near the earth's surface due to radiant energy from the sun? see example 31-6 in the textbook.
The energy contained in a 1 m³ volume near the earth's surface due to radiant energy from the sun will be approximately equal to 5747.4 J.
The energy contained in a 1 m³ volume near the Earth's surface due to radiant energy from the Sun can be calculated. We can use the solar radiation energy flux formula for this.
Flux = I_s × (1 - α).
where, I_s can be the constant (solar constant) , α ⇒ alpha can be the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected by the Earth back.
Solar constant can be approximated as 1367 W/m² and like that alpha can also approximately the value of 0.3.
Now energy flux is equal to,
Flux = 1367 W/m² × (1 - 0.3) = 957.9 W/m².
To calculate the energy contained in a 1 m³ volume, multiply the energy flux by the volume's surface area. When the volume is a cube, the surface area is 6 times that of one face.
i.e. Energy = Flux × 6 × (1 m)² = 5747.4 W × 1 m²= 5747.4 J.
So, the energy contained in a 1 m³ volume near the earth's surface due to radiant energy from the sun will be approximately equal to 5747.4 J.
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your friend shows you a special kind of paper that can change color. he says that it will change color if it is out in the sun. can light from the sun cause the paper to change color? responses
No,light from the sun cannot cause the paper to change color.Light can only change things by warming them up , so it cannot cause the paper to change colour.
Light or apparent light is electromagnetic radiation that can be seen by the human eye.[1] Noticeable light is generally characterized as having frequencies in the scope of 400-700 nanometres (nm), relating to frequencies of 750-420 terahertz, between the infrared (with longer frequencies) and the bright (with more limited wavelengths).[2][3]
In physical science, the expression "light" may allude all the more comprehensively to electromagnetic radiation of any frequency, whether noticeable or not.[4][5] In this sense, gamma beams, X-beams, microwaves and radio waves are likewise light. The essential properties of light are power, proliferation bearing, recurrence or frequency range and polarization. Its speed in vacuum, 299792458 m/s, is one of the basic constants of nature.[6] Like a wide range of electromagnetic radiation, noticeable light proliferates by massless rudimentary particles called photons that addresses the quanta of electromagnetic field, and can be broke down as the two waves and particles. The investigation of light, known as optics, is a significant exploration region in present day material science.
Hence,answer is no.
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what is the speed, in meters per second, of the fluid as it moves through the wide section of the horizontal tube?
To find the speed of the fluid as it moves through the wide section of the horizontal tube, we need to know the values of V2 = V1 * A1 / A2
To find the speed of the fluid as it moves through the wide section of the horizontal tube, we need to know the volume flow rate of the fluid, the cross-sectional area of the wide section, and the density of the fluid. Assuming that the fluid is incompressible and has a constant density, the volume flow rate remains constant as the fluid moves from the narrow section to the wide section. Therefore, the speed of the fluid can be calculated using the equation of continuity:
V1 * A1 = V2 * A2,
where V1 is the fluid velocity in the narrow section, A1 is the cross-sectional area of the narrow section, V2 is the fluid velocity in the wide section, and A2 is the cross-sectional area of the wide section.
So, we can solve for V2:
V2 = V1 * A1 / A2.
Therefore, to find the speed of the fluid as it moves through the wide section of the horizontal tube, we need to know the values of V1, A1, and A2.
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a truck goes around a circular track of radius is 600 m at a speed of 10.0 m/s. how long does it take to complete on lap?
The truck will take 378.04 seconds or about 6 minutes and 18 seconds, to complete one lap of the circular track with radius 600 m at the speed of 10.0 m/s.
The track is circular of radius of 600 m. So the total distance the truck has to cover will be the circumference of that circular track.
i.e. 2 × π × 600 m = 3780.4 m
The speed of the truck is 10 m/s.
So to cover the distance the truck will take,
Time = 3780.4 / 10.0 = 378.04 s = 6 minutes and 18 seconds.
So the truck will take 378.04 s or 6 minutes and 18 seconds to complete one lap.
So the truck will take 378.04 seconds or about 6 minutes and 18 seconds, to complete one lap of the circular track with radius 600 m at the speed of 10.0 m/s.
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A boy pulls a sled 46 m across a flat field with a force of 120 N. The force acts on the sled through a rope at a 23° angle with the horizontal. What is the work the boy does on the sled? (Round your answer to two significant figures. )
When a force is applied with an angle to the x-axis, equation for work done is W= F×d×Cosθ. Here the work done is found to be 5.1×10³ J.
Work done is the quantity of energy transferred to the body to change its position or state of rest or state of uniform motion. Here we are applying a force to move the object to a distance. The equation for work done = Force× displacement.
Here the force applied make an angle 23° with the x-axis. So, the work done is calculated using the equation
W = F·cosθ ×d
F= 120N, θ= 23°, d= 46m
W = 120×Cos(23)×46
= 5.1×10³ J.
So to move the object to 46 m, by applying a force 120N with an angle 23° to horizontal axis, the work done is 5.1×10³ J.
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if a resistor of is rated at a maximum power dissipation of , what is the maximum current it can safely handle without damage?
Highest current that a resistor with a rating of 6 ohms and a maximum power consumption of 0.5 watts can safely withstand without breaking
Describe a current?Electrical charge flow is referred to as a current. Transporting electrons from one place to another allows current to flow electrically. Solid conducts and electrolytes facilitate the easy movement of electrons. Current is frequently quantified using amperes.
The passage of electrical charges along a surface at a rate with one charge density per second is measured by the SI unit for electric current, known as the ampere, or amp. A standard SI base unit is the ampere (symbol: A). The ammeter is a tool used to measure electric current.
An ammeter is what?Ammeter, apparatus
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what is the magnitude of the electric force on a protein with this charge in a 1700 n/c electric field?
The magnitude of the electric force on a protein with this charge in a 1700 n/c electric field is F = q * 1700 N/C
Coulomb's law may be used to calculate the amount of the electric force on a protein with a particular charge in an electric field. According to Coulomb's law, the force between two charged particles is equal to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of their distance. The force on a charged particle in an electric field is expressed as follows:
F = q * E, where q is the charge on the protein and E is the intensity of the electric field. The strength of the electric field is specified as 1700 N/C. Coulombs are the unit of charge (C).
As a result, the size of the protein's electric force may be estimated as follows:
F = q * E
= q * 1700 N/C
The force will be directed in the direction of the electric field. If the protein's charge is positive, the force will be directed in the same direction as the electric field. If the protein has a negative charge, the force will be in the opposite direction as the electric field.
It's vital to remember that the electric force on a protein is affected by its size, shape, and charge. Other parameters, such as the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium, may impact the electric force on a protein in some situations.
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The dependent variable, depends on the size of a wire
*
Electrical Resistance
Electrical Ground
Electric Circuit
The dependent variable, depends on the size of a wire is Electrical Resistance. Option A is correct.
The dependent variable that depends on the size of a wire is Electrical Resistance. Electrical resistance is a measure of the degree to which an object opposes the flow of electrical current through it.
The resistance of a wire is determined by its size, shape, and composition, among other factors. In general, as the size of a wire increases, its resistance decreases, all other factors being equal. This is because a larger wire has more space for electrons to flow through, reducing the likelihood of collisions and increasing the flow of current. Therefore, electrical resistance is directly dependent on the size of a wire.
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what do lightning and stars have in common? aboth have no electrical chargeincorrect answer bboth contain plasmaincorrect answer cboth have a fixed volumeincorrect answer dboth contain all three states of matter
Lightning and stars both contain plasma, which is a high-temperature ionized gas that contains free electrons and ions.
Plasma is a common state of matter in the universe and is found in stars, lightning, and other celestial bodies. Unlike solids and liquids, which have a fixed shape and volume, plasma has no fixed shape or volume and is highly influenced by electric and magnetic fields. In stars, the intense heat and pressure cause hydrogen and helium atoms to become ionized and form plasma, which sustains nuclear reactions that generate light and heat. In lightning, plasma is created by the ionization of air molecules due to the high-voltage discharge of electricity in a thunderstorm. Both lightning and stars have a significant impact on our lives and the universe around us.
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when i replace old belt with new belt on shark vacuum the roller brush will run and then the roller brush will stop running ?
There could be several reasons why the roller brush on your Shark vacuum stops running after you replace the old belt with a new one, Incorrectly installed belt, Belt tension, Blockages in the vacuum, Broken brush roll, Motor issues.
Double-check that you have installed the new belt correctly. If the belt is not installed properly, it may not be able to transfer power to the roller brush properly. Make sure the new belt is properly tensioned. If the belt is too loose or too tight, it can affect the performance of the roller brush.
Check for blockages in the vacuum, including the brush roll area. Blockages can cause the brush to stop spinning. If the brush roll is broken or damaged, it may not spin properly, even with a new belt. If none of the above solutions work, the problem may be with the vacuum's motor. A malfunctioning motor can cause the brush to stop running properly. If this is the case, you may need to take the vacuum to a repair shop to have it fixed.
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what did curiosity discover about the atmospheric conditions on mars?
Overall, Overall, Curiosity's observations have provided valuable insights into the Martian atmosphere and helped to improve our understanding of the Red Planet.have provided valuable insights into the Martian atmosphere and helped to improve our understanding of the Red Planet.
How does Curiosity generate the energy needed to explore Mars?The rover need power to operate. Without electricity, it cannot move, use its scientific apparatus, or communicate with Earth. On Curiosity, a radioisotope power system generates electricity from heat created by the radioactive decay of plutonium.
Thin atmosphere: Curiosity's measurements of the Martian atmosphere have shown that it is much thinner than Earth's, with a surface pressure of only about 1% that of Earth's. This means that the atmosphere provides very little protection from the harsh radiation environment on Mars.
Seasonal changes: Curiosity has observed seasonal changes in the Martian atmosphere, with the amount of methane gas increasing and decreasing over the course of a Martian year. This could be a sign of active geological or biological processes on the planet.
Dust storms: Curiosity has observed and studied several dust storms on Mars. These storms can have a significant impact on the Martian atmosphere, causing changes in temperature, pressure, and the amount of sunlight reaching the surface.
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aromatherapy uses which principle
Answer:
Aromatherapy uses the principle of olfactory stimulation, meaning it uses the sense of smell to affect the body and mind. Essential oils, which have distinct fragrances, are inhaled or applied topically to bring about physical and psychological benefits.
Answer: The basic principle of aromatherapy is to strengthen the self healing processes by indirect stimulation of the immune system.
Explanation:
Our turtle, Adel, walks 10 feet in 50 minutes. How fast is Adel traveling? Be sure to include the equation for speed in your answer.
The speed of the turtle, Adel is 0.2 feet per minutes.
What is speed?Speed is distance travelled by the object per unit time. Due to having no direction and only having magnitude, speed is a scalar quantity With SI unit meter/second.
Distance travelled by the turtle, Adel is = 10 feet
Time taken by the turtle is = 50 minutes.
Now we know that
speed = distance travelled ÷ time interval
Hence, the speed of the turtle is = 10 feet ÷ 50 minutes.
= 0.2 feet per minutes.
Hence, the speed of the turtle, Adel is 0.2 feet per minutes.
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2. does this cross bedding indicate a steady flow of air or water, or does it indicate an oscillating (back and forth) flow?
Yes, it shows that there was a steady flow medium present in the depositional environment (typically water or wind).
Is cross-bedding a sign of growth?Examples include characteristics that can clearly identify the top or bottom of lava flows or sedimentary strata. Cross bedding, symmetric ripples, and graded bedding were some of the earliest sedimentary features to be used for way-up determination, with various sole marks only becoming relevant much later.
Which way do cross-beds slant?a sedimentary structure that develops in the lower flow regime, where sediment ridges align themselves with the flow direction, but inside the ridges, the sediment layers and dips in the direction of the flow.
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10. Jared and Claire are climbing the stairs. Jared gets tired and stops halfway to the fourth floor. Claire makes it to the fourth floor without a problem. If Jared is twice as heavy as Claire, who has more gravitational potential energy? Explain your answer.
Answer:
They both have the same GPH
Explanation:
GPE = mgh
m = mass of Claire
2m = mass of Jared
h = height of Claire
h/2 = height of Jared
GPE-jared = (2m)(g)(h/2) = mgh
GPE-claire = mgh
They both have the same GPH
an acceleration in the positive direction always means that a moving object is speeding up. group of answer choices true
Acceleration is defined as a change in velocity over time. Therefore, an acceleration in the positive direction means that the velocity of the moving object is increasing, which means it is speeding up.
What is the direction ?The direction usually refers to a course or path of action that one should follow. It is a guide that outlines the steps that should be taken and the goals that should be achieved. Direction can be used to point an individual in the right direction and help them to reach their goals. Direction can also be used to provide guidance and motivation, allowing an individual to stay on track and make progress towards their desired outcome. Direction can come in many forms, such as instructions, advice, and guidance from mentors, peers, or mentors. It is important to seek out the right direction and to adjust when needed to ensure that one is able to achieve the desired outcome.
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Identify the scenario, where the crash sensor of a car can possibly send signals to inflate the airbag in automobiles.
When a car is stopped abruptly by an impact, the airbags are inflated.
An airbag is an inflatable safety device designed to protect the occupants of a car in case of a collision. The airbags are part of an occupant restraint system and are also referred to as air cushion restraint system. Airbags supplement the basic protection offered by seat belts.
When a car is stopped abruptly by an impact, all bodies or objects that are not firmly fixed to the car will continue to move at the impact speed. The sensors measure this acceleration and relay it to the control unit as usable data.
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a mass is susoened by a spring and subject to an input force function f(t). what is the relationship between the inout force and the output velocity for the system
The relationship between the input force and the output velocity for a mass-spring system can be determined using the principle of linear systems.
For a linear system, the response of the system to a given input force is proportional to the input force.
m * d²×/dt² + kx = f(t)
where m is the mass, k is the spring constant, x is the displacement, and f(t) is the input force.
Taking the derivative of x with respect to time gives us the velocity, v(t), which can be substituted into the equation to give us:
m * d²v(t)/dt² + k ₓ dx/dt = df(t)/dt
So, the output velocity is proportional to the derivative of the input force. This means that the velocity of the system will increase as the rate of change of the input force increases. The proportionality constant between the input force and the output velocity is determined by the system's parameters (mass and spring constant).
It is important to note that this relationship holds only for linear systems and is only valid for small amplitude oscillations. For large amplitude oscillations or non-linear systems, this relationship may not hold.
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